The Forest of Middlesex was an ancient woodland covering much of the county of Middlesex , England , that was north of the City of London and now forms the northern part of Greater London . A path was cut through the forest for the creation of Watling Street . At its ancient extent the forest stretched twelve miles north from the city walls at Houndsditch . Following the Norman Conquest it became the royal forest of Middlesex, where citizens of the City of London enjoyed the right of free chase by charters granted by Henry I and Henry II .
49-572: Ealing Grove was a mansion and estate in Ealing , Middlesex , west London, England. It was adjacent to the Ealing House estate, but distinct from it, and stood amongst trees. The house was converted into an Italianate villa by the younger Joseph Gulston in the 1770s. It was demolished circa 1850. 51°30′43″N 0°18′12″W / 51.51194°N 0.30333°W / 51.51194; -0.30333 Ealing Ealing ( / ˈ iː l ɪ ŋ / )
98-569: A Picturehouse cinema. Local group Pitshanger Pictures shows classic movies in St Barnabas Millennium Hall on Pitshanger Lane. Ealing has a theatre on Mattock Lane, The Questors Theatre . Regarded by many as Ealing's premier architectural work, St Peter's Church, Ealing is on Mount Park Road north of central Ealing. The ancient parish church of Ealing is St Mary's , in St Mary's Road. Standing near Charlbury Grove, Ealing Abbey
147-427: A municipal borough in 1901 and part of Greater London in 1965. It is now a significant commercial and retail centre with a developed night-time economy. Ealing has the characteristics of both leafy suburban and inner-city development. The Pitshanger neighbourhood and some others retain the lower density, greenery and architecture of suburban villages . Ealing's town centre is often referred to as Ealing Broadway ,
196-421: A capacity of 3 million imperial gallons (14,000 m ), was erected north of Hill Crest Road, Hanger Hill, in 1888 and a neighbouring reservoir for 50 million imperial gallons (230,000 m ) was constructed c. 1889 . This supply of good water helped to make Ealing more attractive than ever. Mount Castle Tower was also known as Hanger Hill Tower, and as such it was a vital viewing point for
245-595: A fair was held on the green in 1822, when William Cobbett chronicled he was diverted by crowds of Cockneys headed there. The fair, of unknown origin, was held from 24 to 26 June until suppressed in 1880. The manor included Old Brentford and its extensive Thames fisheries, and in 1423 tenants of Ealing manor rented three fisheries in the Thames. In 1257 the king ordered the Bishop whoever it may be from time to time (sede vacante) to provide 8,000-10,000 lampreys and other fish for owning
294-575: A few miles per day, frequent overnight stops were needed. To satisfy this demand a large number of inns were situated along the Uxbridge Road , where horses could be changed and travellers refresh themselves, prompting its favour by highwaymen . Stops in Ealing included The Feathers, The Bell, The Green Man and The Old Hats. At one point in history there were two pubs called the Old Hat(s) either side of one of
343-532: A house at Castlebar. Soon, more affluent Londoners followed but with the intention of taking up a permanent residence which was conveniently close to London. The only British prime minister to be assassinated, Spencer Perceval , made his home at Elm House. Up until that point, Ealing was mostly made up of open countryside and fields where, as in previous centuries, the main occupation was farming. As London grew in size, more food and materials went in and more finished goods came out. Since dray horses can only haul loads
392-461: A remake of the classic film, was produced by Ealing Studios; some locations in Ealing can be seen in this film. Most recently, Ealing Studios was the set for the famous Downton Abbey historical television series, of which the below stairs and servant's hall were filmed there. On 16 March 2015, the workplace received a visit from the Duchess of Cambridge to observe current productions, as well as meet
441-705: A royal forest, the land passed into private ownership. This led to the deforestation of the bulk of the forest and its opening for development and agriculture. The boundaries of the Forest are not clear, but Domesday returns for Middlesex as a whole indicate that it was around 30% wooded (much of it wood-pasture ) in 1086, about double the English average. This would have been lower in the lower land, close to rivers that made it more attractive for farming, and higher elsewhere. The proportion of woodland in England decreased sharply between
490-635: A teenager and attended St. Anne's Convent school in Little Ealing Lane. Brand New Heavies core members (drummer Jan Kincaid, guitarist Simon Bartholomew and bassist Andrew Levy) all hail from Ealing, where they formed the group in 1985. An August 2013 article in the Huffington Post claimed that Ealing could claim to be the home of rock music because of the catalyst effect of the Ealing Club on British musicians. Britney Spears filmed part of
539-562: Is a district in West London , England, 7.5 miles (12.1 km) west of Charing Cross in the London Borough of Ealing . It is the administrative centre of the borough and is identified as a major metropolitan centre in the London Plan . Ealing was historically an ancient parish in the county of Middlesex . Until the urban expansion of London in the late 19th and early 20th centuries, it
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#1732883771710588-770: The Anglo-French Survey (1784–1790) , which linked the Royal Greenwich Observatory with the Paris Observatory via a chain of trigonometric readings. This survey was led in England by General William Roy . Hanger Hill Tower was its northernmost observation point, and from it sightings were made to places such as St Ann's Hill in Chertsey , Banstead , Upper Norwood , and the Greenwich Observatory itself. The most important changes to Ealing occurred in
637-634: The Conquest and the Black Death due to the pressure of a rapidly increasing population, and the same pressures would have been experienced here. Much of the loss of woodland in Middlesex appears due to wood-pasture being downgraded to heathland as a result of intensive grazing. Remaining fragments of the ancient forest include Harrow Weald Common , Highgate Wood , Queen's Wood and Scratchwood . The London neighbourhood of St John's Wood reflects that part of
686-682: The Ealing Jazz Club , opposite Ealing Broadway station. Other artists who performed at the club include Rod Stewart and Manfred Mann . The Jazz Club is now a nightclub called the Red Room . The Beatles alighted at West Ealing station (the old building) in March 1964 to complete the filming of ‘A Hard Day’s Night’ at Edgehill Road in West Ealing. Dusty Springfield lived in Kent Gardens, West Ealing as
735-764: The London Underground in London fare zone 3 . It is also served by five other tube stations at North Ealing , South Ealing , Hanger Lane , Northfields , Park Royal and Ealing Common . The Piccadilly line operates at Park Royal, North Ealing, Ealing Common, South Ealing and Northfields; the Central line at Ealing Broadway and Hanger Lane; and the District line at Ealing Broadway and Ealing Common. The stations at Ealing Broadway and West Ealing are served by National Rail operators Great Western Railway and TfL Rail . Early in
784-849: The Lower Palaeolithic Age. The typical stone tool type of neanderthals, the Mousterian, is not found in south-east England, but Levallois type may be consistent with the hand axes found. These primitive hunters span a period of at least 300,000 years in Britain. Of the Iron Age , Milne lists six Carthaginian and pre-Roman bronze coins from Middlesex: Ashford and Ealing (Carthage coins); Edmonton (Seleucid (2), Rhegium, Bithynia coins). These are not so significant as for similar and more plentiful finds from Dorset , and Milne suggests that some represent parts of imported bronze scrap. The Church of St. Mary's ,
833-595: The NW10 postcode area. The population of Ealing (including Northfields ) was 85,014 at the 2011 census . Ealing's name derives from the Gillingas, a Saxon tribe mentioned in a charter issued by Æthelred of Mercia around the year 700. The Gillingas themselves took their name from a patriarch or chief called Gilla . The place-name appears as Yllinges around the year 1170 and as Elyng in 1553. Archaeology evinces parts of Ealing have been lived in by neanderthal humans –
882-511: The horse chestnut trees on Ealing Common and designed Ealing Town Hall , both the present one and the older structure which is now a bank (on the Mall). He even oversaw the purchase of the Walpole estate grounds and its conversion into a leisure garden for the general public to enjoy and promenade around on Sundays. In 1901, Ealing Urban District was incorporated as a municipal borough , Walpole Park
931-505: The "finest private school in England" and had many famous pupils in the 19th century such as William S. Gilbert , composer and impresario, and Cardinal Newman – since 2019 recognised as a saint. As the zone became built-up, the school declined and closed in April 1908. The earliest maps of just the parish of Ealing survive from the 18th century; John Speed and others having made maps of Middlesex , more than two centuries before. At Ealing
980-635: The 1850s, with improved travel (the Great Western Railway and two branches of the Grand Union Canal ), villages began to grow into towns and merged into unbroken residential areas. At this time Ealing began to be called the "Queen of the Suburbs". Mount Castle Tower, an Elizabethan structure which stood at the top of Hanger Hill, was used as a tea-stop in the 19th century. It was demolished to make way for Fox's Reservoir in 1881. This reservoir, with
1029-458: The 19th century. The building of the Great Western Railway in the 1830s, part of which passed through the centre of Ealing, led to the opening of a railway station on the Broadway in 1879, originally called Haven Green. In the next few decades, much of Ealing was rebuilt, predominantly semi-detached housing designed for the rising middle-class. Gas mains were laid and an electricity generating station
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#17328837717101078-737: The 21st century Transport for London (TFL) planned to reintroduce an electric tram line along the Uxbridge Road (the West London Tram scheme), but this was abandoned in August 2007 in the face of fierce local opposition. Ealing Broadway and West Ealing stations became part of the Elizabeth line in 2022. A total of 18 buses (including night buses) serve Ealing Broadway. Ealing has a developed night-time economy backed by numerous pubs and restaurants on The Mall, The Broadway and New Broadway (forming part of
1127-641: The A406 North Circular Road, London bisects the east of it. The nascent M4 motorway also runs almost adjacent to the south. It is less than two miles from the Tideway (London's upper estuary of the Thames) at the local apex of Kew Bridge that links to the London Borough of Richmond upon Thames . Ealing has parks and open spaces, such as Ealing Common , Walpole , Lammas, Cleveland, Hanger Hill, Montpelier, and Pitshanger Parks. The River Brent flows through
1176-762: The Ealing United Synagogue (Orthodox), which celebrated its centenary in November 2019, and the Ealing Liberal Synagogue, which was founded in 1943. In surrounding suburbs, there are two mosques in Acton, one in West Ealing, and two in Southall. There are large Muslim, Hindu and Sikh communities in Southall. Mick Jagger and Keith Richards of the Rolling Stones famously first met Brian Jones in 1962 at
1225-458: The Irish community in Ealing with successful clubs such as St. Joseph's GAA and Tir Chonaill GAA in neighbouring Perivale and Greenford. Great Middlesex Forest William Fitzstephen , who died circa 1190, described it as "vast forest, its copses dense with foliage concealing wild animals – stags, does, boars, and wild bulls." After the area was disafforested in 1218 by Henry III , ceasing to be
1274-474: The amalgamation of the surrounding municipal boroughs in 1965, Ealing Town Hall became the administrative centre for the new London Borough of Ealing . Today, this also includes its offices at Perceval House just next to it. Later in 1984, the Ealing Broadway Centre was completed which includes a shopping centre and a town square . Ealing is in the heart of west London. A relatively narrow section of
1323-580: The cast and crew of the series stated. For 14 years, Ealing lacked any cinema houses, after the closure of the Ealing Empire in 2008. 2022 saw the opening of the Ealing Project, a multi-functional community space centred around a cinema. Renovation began on the New Broadway street cinema in late 2012. Work is underway as of Spring 2021 for 'Filmworks', an Art Deco apartment-and-cinema block featuring
1372-476: The centre of the parish. River Long field and adjoining closes at West Ealing contained 1,008 fruit trees in 1767, including 850 apple trees, 63 plum, and 63 cherry. Ealing demesne in 1318 had a windmill, which was rebuilt in 1363–4. This was destroyed in or before 1409 and may have been repaired by 1431, when it was again broken. Great Ealing School was founded in 1698 by the Church of St Mary's. This became
1421-455: The centre of the parish. This road was later renamed as Uxbridge Road . The well-to-do of London began to see Ealing as a place to escape from the smoke and smells. In 1800 the architect John Soane bought Payton Place and renamed it Pitzhanger Manor, not to live but just for somewhere green and pleasant, where he could entertain his friends and guests. Soon afterward, in 1801, the Duke of Kent bought
1470-512: The extensive 28 acres (110,000 m ) grounds on which it stands, was sold to the council in 1901 by Sir Spencer Walpole , which had been bought by his father the Rt. Hon. Spencer Horatio Walpole and thus became Walpole Park . During the Victorian period, Ealing became a town. This meant that good, well-metalled roads had to be built, and schools and public buildings erected. To protect public health,
1519-768: The greater Uxbridge Road ). Ealing is best known for its film studios, which are the oldest in the world and are known especially for the Ealing comedies , including Kind Hearts and Coronets , Passport to Pimlico , The Ladykillers and The Lavender Hill Mob . The studios were taken over by the BBC in 1955, with one consequence being that Ealing locations appeared in television programmes including Doctor Who (notably within an iconic 1970 sequence in which deadly shop mannequins menaced local residents) to Monty Python's Flying Circus . Most recently, these studios have again been used for making films, including Notting Hill and The Importance of Being Earnest . St Trinian's ,
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1568-524: The latter. The largest ethnic group in the 2011 census for the Ealing Broadway ward was White British, at 45%. The second largest was Other White, at 21%. The most spoken foreign language was Polish , followed by French and Japanese . The nearby Hanger Hill ward has the city's largest Japanese community. Ealing is served by Ealing Broadway station on the Great Western Main Line and
1617-503: The manor, impliedly per year, which shows the extent of the local catch. With the exception of driving animals into London on foot, the transport of heavy goods tended be restricted to those times when the non-metalled roads were passable due to dry weather. With the passing of the Toll Road Act, this highway was gravelled and so the old Oxford Road became an increasingly busy and important thoroughfare running from east to west through
1666-407: The many toll gates on the Uxbridge Road in West Ealing. Following the removal of the toll gate the more Westernmost pub was renamed The Halfway House. As London developed, the area became predominantly market gardens which required a greater proportion of workers as it was more labour-intensive. Ealing Grove School was established in 1834, integrating both academic and agricultural education. In
1715-472: The music video for her song " Criminal " at The Corner Shop, 24 The Avenue. Two members of the punk band Zatopeks grew up in Ealing, and the group frequently makes nostalgic or ironic references to the borough in its lyrics. Mitch Mitchell of the Jimi Hendrix Experience was born there in 1947. White Lies are also from Ealing. Ealing is home to Ealing Trailfinders Rugby Club . Due to
1764-474: The name of both a railway interchange and a shopping centre . Most of Ealing, including the commercial district, Ealing Broadway, South Ealing, Ealing Common , Montpelier , Pitshanger and most of Hanger Hill fall under the W5 postcode . Areas to the north-west of the town centre such as Argyle Road and West Ealing fall under W13 instead. West Twyford north-east of the town centre, near Hanger Hill, falls under
1813-462: The nearby football teams, Brentford Football Club and Queens Park Rangers , it long lacked its own. Since late 2008, Ealing Town Football Club has been registered with the Football Association and competes. Other football clubs such Old Actonians youth FC, Pitshanger youth FC and Non-League football club Hanwell Town F.C. play in local leagues. Gaelic Games have a prominent role in
1862-403: The newly created Board of Health for Ealing commissioned London's first modern drainage and sewage systems here. Just as importantly, drinking fountains providing wholesome and safe water were erected by public prescription. Ealing Broadway became a major shopping centre. The man responsible for much of all this was Charles Jones , Borough Surveyor from 1863 to 1913. He directed the planting of
1911-797: The north, Baldswells at Drayton, Abyndons and Denys at Ealing village, and Sergeaunts at Old Brentford. It is likely that there had once been 32 copyhold tenements, including at least 19 virgates of 20 rateable acres and 9 half virgates. When created the copyhold land amounted to not more than 540 acres (2.2 km ), a total increased before 1423 by land at Castlebar Hill. Ealing had an orchard in 1540 and others in 1577–8 and 1584. Numbers increased, as were orchards often taken out of open fields, by 1616 in Crowchmans field, in 1680–1 in Popes field, and in 1738 in Little North field. Some lay as far north as
1960-571: The other original London suburbs. In the 1900s and 1910s, the Brentham Garden Suburb was built. During the interwar period several garden estates, said to be one of the best examples of classic suburbia in mock Tudor style, were built near Hanger Lane . Hanger Hill Garden Village adjoining is likewise a conservation area . In the 1930s Ealing Village's mid-rise, green-setting apartment blocks were built, today Grade II (initial, mainstream) category-listed and having gated grounds. With
2009-459: The parish church's priest for centuries fell to be appointed by the Bishop of London , earliest known to be so in c. 1127 , when he gave the great tithes to Canon Henry for keeping St. Paul's cathedral school. The church required frequent repair in the 1650s and was so ruinous in about 1675 that services were held elsewhere for several years. Worshippers moved to a wooden tabernacle in 1726 and
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2058-651: The steeple fell in 1729, destroying the church, before its rebuilding. In the 12th century Ealing was amid a fields- and villages-punctuated forest covering most of the county from the southwest to the north of the City of London . The earliest surviving English census is that for Ealing in January 1599. This list was a tally of all 85 households in Ealing village giving the names of the inhabitants, together with their ages, relationships and occupations. It survives in manuscript form at The National Archives ( piece E 163/24/35 ), and
2107-424: The surrounding streets. It was of this area centred around Mount Park Road that Nikolaus Pevsner remarks as ”epitomising Ealing's reputation as 'Queen of the Suburbs'..” In a very short time, Ealing had become a modern and fashionable country town, free of the grime, soot and smells of industrialised London, and yet only minutes away from it by modern transport. The Borough Surveyor, Charles Jones, first re-used
2156-480: The term in the preface of his book Ealing from Village to Corporate Town of 1902, already used for Surbiton and Richmond , stressing his view that it was already recognised as of having such an identity. The fairly ornate, many-roomed houses set in "sylvan beauty and floriculture" (civic trees and gardens) stood out to Jones. Mount Park Road and side roads keep much of the original character. Some neighbourhoods have resisted conversions into bed-sits, unlike many of
2205-477: Was a rural village. Improvement in communications with London, culminating with the opening of the railway station in 1838, shifted the local economy to market garden supply and eventually to suburban development. By 1902 Ealing had become known as the "Queen of the Suburbs" due to its greenery, and because it was halfway between city and country. As part of the growth of London in the 20th century, Ealing significantly expanded and increased in population. It became
2254-461: Was built. Better transport links, including horse buses as well as trains, enabled people to more easily travel to work in London. All this, whilst living in what was still considered to be the countryside. Although much of the countryside was rapidly disappearing during this period of rapid expansion, parts of it were preserved as public parks, such as Lammas Park and Ealing Common . Pitzhanger Manor and
2303-457: Was founded by a community of Roman Catholic Benedictine monks in 1897. Twinned with the convent of St. Augustine's Priory , the large abbey is an example of a traditional, working monastery . There are over fifteen churches in the suburb of Ealing, including Our Lady Mother of the Church, a Polish Roman Catholic church in the Mall, near Ealing Broadway. There are two well-established synagogues,
2352-430: Was opened and the first electric trams ran along the Uxbridge Road . As part of its permit to operate, the electric tram company was required to incorporate the latest in modern street lighting into its overhead catenary supply, along the Ealing section of the Uxbridge Road. A municipally-built generating station near Clayponds Avenue supplied power to more street lighting that ran northward, up and along Mount Park Road and
2401-697: Was transcribed and printed by K J Allison for Ealing Historical Society in 1961. Settlements were scattered throughout the parish. Many of them were along what is now called St. Mary 's Road, near to the church in the centre of the parish. There were also houses at Little Ealing, Ealing Dean, Haven Green, Drayton Green and Castlebar Hill. The parish of Ealing was far from wholly divided among manors, such as those of Ealing, Gunnersbury and Pitshanger . These when used for crops were mostly wheat, but also barley and rye , with considerable pasture for cows, draught animals, sheep and recorded poultry keeping. There were five free tenements on Ealing manor in 1423: Absdons in
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