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80-592: From 1983 until 1988, Dan Gurney's team entered cars in the IMSA GTO and GTU divisions, with Toyota Celicas as the basis for their cars. After claiming the driver's and constructors' championships in the GTO division in 1987 with driver Chris Cord , and a third place in the division the following year, the AAR team switched to the IMSA GTP division for 1989. The team used two types of cars;

160-626: A 'sports coupe' or 'sports coupé'". Coupé ( French pronunciation: [kupe] ) is based on the past participle of the French verb couper ("to cut") and thus indicates a car which has been "cut" or made shorter than standard. It was first applied to horse -drawn carriages for two passengers without rear-facing seats. These berlines coupées or carrosses coupés ("clipped carriages") were eventually clipped to coupés . There are two common pronunciations in English: A coupé

240-516: A 5th-place finish at the following event at the Mid-Ohio GTP race. The HF89 did not finish any other races that season. By 1990, the Eagle HF89 replaced the 88C, and chalked up its first win at the 1990 IMSA Topeka GTP event, with Juan Manuel Fangio II driving. The team followed up with three more wins: Sears Point , as well as temporary street course races at San Antonio and Del Mar . While

320-584: A Targa-style convertible conversion to the coupé. They were called the Sunchaser and had a removable Targa top and a folding rear roof, much like the '67 Porsche 911 soft-window Targa. These were Toyota approved and sold through Toyota dealers. Over 2,000 were produced. In Germany, the same Sunchaser version but also a full convertible and a traditional targa with a fixed rear window (called the TX22) were offered. Conversions were Toyota-approved and carried out from mid-1980 by

400-539: A car with 2 doors and no B style are considered a true coupe. In the United States, some coupes are "simply line-extenders two-door variants of family sedans", while others have significant differences from their four-door counterparts. The AMC Matador coupe (1974–1978) has a shorter wheelbase with a distinct aerodynamic design and fastback styling, sharing almost nothing with the conventional three-box design and more "conservative" four-door versions. Similarly,

480-656: A company called Tropic. The Japanese model grades were ET, LT, ST, SE, XT, GT, and GTV. The GT and GTV have an 18R-G twincam engine. In August 1978, the GTV was replaced by the GT-Rally, a limited edition model that had a 1.6-liter 2T-GEU or 2.0-liter 18R-GEU engine, special grill, special bumpers, black interior (against the norm of colored interiors of the time) and was only available in white or lime green paint. There were about 70 different variants of second-generation Celica sold in Japan over

560-547: A coupe-like roofline at the rear. The low-roof design reduces back-seat passenger access and headroom. The designation was used for the low-roof model of the 1962–1973 Rover P5 , followed by the 1992–1996 Nissan Leopard / Infiniti J30 . Recent examples include the 2005 Mercedes-Benz CLS , 2010 Audi A7 , Volkswagen CC , Volkswagen Arteon , and 2012 BMW 6 Series Gran Coupe . Similarly, several cars with one or two small rear doors for rear seat passenger egress and no B-pillar have been marketed as " quad coupes ". For example,

640-403: A coupé by applying this description to models featuring a hatchback or a rear cargo area access door that opens upwards. Most often also featuring a fold-down back seat, the hatchback or liftback layout of these cars improves their practicality and cargo room. The coupe carriage body style originated from the berline horse-drawn carriage . The coupe version of the berline was introduced in

720-559: A five-speed manual or a three-speed automatic. The suspension was also quite soft and the recirculating ball steering came in for some criticism for its vagueness. Both the coupé and the liftback bodywork were available in Australia. Across Europe, the Celica was offered with the 1.6-liter, 2.0-liter, and 2.0-liter Twincam engines. Trim levels were 1600 LT, 1600 ST, 1600 GT, 2000 ST, 2000 XT, and 2000 GT. In April 1978 Toyota began production of

800-632: A leather-wrapped steering wheel and shifter knob. Most of these came from the Supra. From the windshield back, both cars were nearly identical when in Liftback form. There were also optional rear louvers for the coupe and Liftback. The Celica was facelifted in August 1983 for the 1984 model year. The revision included fully retractable headlights , restyled grille, and airdam. The rear combination lamps were also revised. The Japanese Celica 1600 GT got new 4A-GE engine, and

880-647: A more distinctive bulged hood which was lacking in the TA22 or RA20/21 coupé and in the TA27 and RA25 Liftback but was factory in 1975 on the North American RA22 Celica to accommodate the larger 20R motor. The TA22 Celica also had removable vents mounted in the hood which the RA23 and RA28 lacked, while the TA27 and RA25 models had three raised fluted vents inset into the hood. The RA series also had an elongated nose to accommodate

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960-532: A number of two-door sedans built as well, a bodystyle the French call a coach . The 1977 version of International Standard ISO   3833— Road vehicles - Types - Terms and definitions —defines a coupe as having two doors (along with a fixed roof, usually with limited rear volume, at least two seats in at least one row and at least two side windows). On the other hand, the United States Society of Automotive Engineers publication J1100 does not specify

1040-786: A platform shared with the Carina sedan which is one size above the Toyota Corolla , and a shared size with the Toyota Corona , according to Automobile Magazine , the Celica was based on the Corona platform. This car was aimed at the North American market and was Toyota's response to the 1964½ Ford Mustang ( Pony car ) which also was based on the standard sedan with stylized 2+2 bodywork. In Japan where different dealer chains handle different models

1120-485: A rollover were proposed, limiting the development of new models. The hardtop body style went out of style with consumers while the automakers focused on cost reduction and increasing efficiencies. Saab used the term "combi coupé" for a car body similar to the liftback . A two-door car with no rear seat or with a removable rear seat intended for traveling salespeople and other vendors carrying their wares with them. American manufacturers developed this style of coupe in

1200-484: Is a fixed-roof car with a sloping rear roofline and one or two rows of seats. However, there is some debate surrounding whether a coupe must have two doors for passenger egress or whether cars with four doors can also be considered coupés. This debate has arisen since the early 2000s, when four-door cars such as the Mazda RX-8 and Mercedes-Benz CLS-Class have been marketed as "four-door coupés" or "quad coupés", although

1280-500: Is a four-door sedan rather than a coupe or Liftback. Toyota replaced the Celica Camry upon the arrival of the front-wheel drive Toyota Camry (V10) in 1982. August 1981 saw the introduction of the third-generation Celica. The car was initially available in notchback coupe and liftback forms with many buyers preferring the liftback. The U.S.-made convertible came in 1984. Styling was changed considerably from previous models and power

1360-412: Is a lightweight sporty two-door car, typically with two seats but also including 2+2 cars. A club coupe is a two-door car with a larger rear-seat passenger area, compared with the smaller rear-seat area in a 2+2 body style. Thus, club coupes resemble coupes as both have two doors, but feature a full-width rear seat that is accessible by tilting forward the backs of the front seats. A hardtop coupe

1440-400: Is a style of automobile characterized by two side windows and a backlight (rear window). The front windscreens are not counted. The three-window coupe has a distinct difference from the five-window coupe, which has an additional window on each side behind the front doors. These two-door cars typically have small-sized bodies with only a front seat and an occasional small rear seat. The style

1520-472: Is a two-door car that lacks a structural pillar ("B" pillar) between the front and rear side windows. When these windows are lowered, the effect is like that of a convertible coupé with the windows down. The hardtop body style was popular in the United States from the early 1950s until the 2000s. It was also available in European and Japanese markets. Safety regulations for roof structures to protect passengers in

1600-481: Is an automobile produced by Toyota from 1970 until 2006. The Celica name derives from the Latin word coelica meaning heavenly or celestial . In Japan, the Celica was exclusive to Toyota Corolla Store dealer chain . Produced across seven generations, the Celica was powered by various four-cylinder engines, and body styles included convertibles , liftbacks , and notchback coupé . In 1973, Toyota coined

1680-450: Is distinguishable by its copper brown / beige two-tone paint and a "GTA 10th anniversary" plaque on the center console. The Canadian models were similar to the U.S. models, but the Liftback was also offered in the more affordable ST trim, instead only the higher GT trim in the U.S. In Australia, the new Celica was less sporty than earlier models. The only engine available was the 2-liter 18R, producing 66.4 kW (90 PS), hooked up to

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1760-531: Is no "B" pillar in the Liftback, the rear quarter windows are fixed in place and do not roll down (as they do in the hardtop coupe). The Liftback was often called the Japanese Mustang or the Mustang Celica . The liftback styling has similarities to the 1969 Ford Mustang fastback, including C-pillar louvers and the vertical bar tail lights that are a signature Mustang styling cue and pay overall homages to

1840-616: The Liftback by Toyota, was introduced for the Japanese market in April 1973 but not until July 1974 for export models. Models for the Japanese domestic market Liftback were the 1600 ST, 1600 GT (TA27), 2000 ST, and 2000 GT (RA25 and RA28). The North American liftback (RA29) was only offered with a 2.2-liter 20R engine for the 1976 and 1977 model year. All the liftback models have flat noses. Although there

1920-611: The Chrysler Sebring and Dodge Stratus coupes and sedans (late-1990 through 2000s), have little in common except their names. The coupes were engineered by Mitsubishi and built in Illinois, while the sedans were developed by Chrysler and built in Michigan. Some coupes may share platforms with contemporary sedans. Coupes may also exist as model lines in their own right, either closely related to other models, but named differently – such as

2000-523: The Rover P5 was a much earlier example, with a variant introduced in 1962 having a lower, sleeker roofline marketed as the Rover P5 Coupé. In the 1940s and 1950s, coupés were distinguished from sedans by their shorter roof area and sportier profile. Similarly, in more recent times, when a model is sold in both coupé and sedan body styles, generally the coupe is sportier and more compact. There have been

2080-468: The Society of Automobile Engineers suggested nomenclature for car bodies that included the following: Coupe: An enclosed car operated from the inside with seats for two or three and sometimes a backward-facing fourth seat. Coupelet: A small car seating two or three with a folding top and full height doors with fully retractable windows. Convertible coupe: A roadster with a removable coupe roof. During

2160-644: The 1.6-liter TA27 (2T engine family). Model grades were ST and GT. The Liftback model was then exported to many Asian countries and Europe in RHD form as the RA28 or TA28 with either a 18R 2.0-liter or 1.6-liter 2T-B engine. After the October 1975 facelift it was available in both RHD and LHD forms in other markets. The RV-1 "concept" wagon was also shown at the 1971 Tokyo Motor Show but it did not reach production. The Japanese domestic market GT models had various differences from

2240-582: The 1600 GT-R also powered by the same motor was introduced. Another new model was the turbocharged 1800 GT-TR. The GT-S convertible, built by American Sunroof Company (ASC) in California, was originally released in a limited 200 units in 1984. 4,248 more were built for the 1985 model year. For the European continent, the Celica was offered as 1600 ST with 2T engine and live rear axle (TA60), 2000 XT with 21R engine (RA61) and 2000 GT with 18R-G engine (RA63). The UK models were 2.0 ST for early version and 2.0 XT for

2320-403: The 18th century as a shortened ("cut") version with no rear-facing seat. Normally, a coupé had a fixed glass window in the front of the passenger compartment. The coupé was considered an ideal vehicle for women to use to go shopping or to make social visits. The early coupé automobile's passenger compartment followed in general conception the design of horse-drawn coupés, with the driver in

2400-446: The 1974 body was used and sturdier chrome and black rubber bumper bars with horizontally mounted shock absorber mounts (Volvo style) replaced the chrome bumpers used in the earlier cars (in accordance with US Federal bumper laws) mandating impacts without minor damage at 5 mph (8.0 km/h). Unfortunately the early 8R and 18R series engines proved to be less than durable, with early failures common. The 1974 18R-C engine's durability

2480-426: The 1974 model year included the introduction of flared wheel arches, another change in the style of the badges and the introduction of a new style of rear quarter vents. For the Japanese market, the cars also featured a different front end treatment with the introduction of a flat front section (similar to, but not interchangeable with later model Celica,). 1976 brought the largest update to the model. The wheelbase of

Eagle HF89 - Misplaced Pages Continue

2560-548: The 2.0-liter 18R-C motor. The only two GTs ever imported by the AMI ( Australian Motor Industries ) which later became Toyota Australia, were a 1971 red TA22 GT and a brown 1973 RA25 GT. These vehicles were a special import by Ken Hougham the managing director of AMI for evaluation. Just like the TA22 GT, the RA25 GT model was never imported due to the power to weight ratio and higher insurance for

2640-505: The 2.6 or with a 125 PS (92 kW) 2.0 L 12-valve SOHC inline-six engine ( M-EU ). Toyota launched the Celica Camry, a four-door sedan , in the Japanese market during January 1980. This model was essentially a second-generation 1977–1981 Toyota Carina (A40 and A50) with an elongated front-end styled to resemble the 1978–1981 Celica XX , known as the Celica Supra in export markets. Unlike other Celicas, this Carina-derived model

2720-555: The 2003 Saturn Ion , the 2003 Mazda RX-8 , and the 2011-2022 Hyundai Veloster . Particularly popular in Europe, many cars are designed with coupe styling, but a three-door hatchback/liftback layout to improve practicality, including cars such as the Jaguar E-Type , Mitsubishi 3000GT , Datsun 240Z , Toyota Supra , Mazda RX-7 , Alfa Romeo Brera , Ford/Mercury Cougar and Volkswagen Scirocco . A two-door car designed for driving to

2800-585: The 20th century, the term coupé was applied to various close-coupled cars (where the rear seat is located further forward than usual and the front seat further back than usual). Since the 1960s the term coupé has generally referred to a two-door car with a fixed roof. Since 2005, several models with four doors have been marketed as "four-door coupés", however, reactions are mixed about whether these models are actually sedans instead of coupés. According to Edmunds , an American automotive guide, "the four-door coupe category doesn't really exist." A berlinetta

2880-462: The 22R engine became 22R-E (or 22R-EC with California emissions equipment). In August 1982, Toyota added the GT-S model to the North American market to re-inject the sports image that Celica had lost as it grew larger and heavier with each subsequent model. The GT-S included larger 14x7-inch wheels and 225/60HR14 tires, fender flares, independent rear suspension, a sports interior including special seats, and

2960-460: The Celica was available in three different trim levels; the LT, ST and GT. At its introduction the Celica was only available as a pillarless hardtop notchback coupé , adopting " coke bottle styling ". The prototype SV-1 Liftback was shown as a concept car at the 1971 Tokyo Motor Show and with slight modifications this was introduced in Japan in April 1973 as the 2-liter RA25 (18R engine family) and

3040-480: The Celica was exclusive to Toyota Corolla Store Japanese dealerships. The Celica filled a market position previously held by the 1965–1969 Toyota Sports 800 , when Toyota Corolla Store locations were previously known as Toyota Public Store then renamed in 1966 as Toyota Corolla Store . The initial trim levels offered were ET (1.4L 4-speed), LT, ST (1.6L 4-speed, 5-speed manual, or 3-speed automatic) and GT (1.6L 5-speed) with GTV added in 1972. For export markets

3120-639: The ET, LT and ST including the hood flutes, power windows, air conditioning and specific GT trim but shared a few things with the ST—a full-length center console and oil pressure/ammeter gauges—while the LT had warning lights for these functions. With the exception of the American market, the GT had a 1588 cc 2T-G twincam engine or a 1968 cc 18R-G, which not available on the ET, LT or ST and always had 5-speed manual gearbox. Typically for

3200-477: The GT to reduce weight. The GTV came with the same 2T-G engine, but with a thicker front sway bar & firmer suspension for better handling. Later in 1973 Japanese GTVs had a roof console "OK" monitor with a map light and a cluster of trouble indicators which detected blown brake bulbs, brake fluid level, main fuse & a floor console engine oil temperature gauge. The first-generation Celicas can be further broken down into two distinctive models. The first of these

3280-794: The IMSA Camel Continental VIII at Watkins Glen . At the following GTP race at Laguna Seca , the Eagle MkIII made its race debut with AAR, which would eventually replace the Eagle HF89. The final race for the Eagle HF89 was at the IMSA GT race at Portland , where it finished in third place. Note: All specifications from "JOHN STARKEY CARS :: GRYFON INC" . Archived from the original on 2008-10-13 . Retrieved 2009-02-27 . Toyota Celica The Toyota Celica ( / ˈ s ɛ l ɪ k ə / or / s ɛ ˈ l iː k ə / ) ( Japanese : トヨタ・セリカ , Hepburn : Toyota Serika )

Eagle HF89 - Misplaced Pages Continue

3360-519: The Japanese market GTs had 18R-G motors that were mated to a Porsche designed closer ratio P51 5 speed gearbox whereas export models had the W-50. For the American market only the GT had only a single cam engine (2000 cc 18R or 2200 cc 20R) with a choice of automatic or 4 speed manual gearboxes on early models then upgrading to the W-50 5 speed in 1974–1977. There was also the GTV version which introduced in 1972 with slightly less luxurious interior than

3440-569: The Mark I Toyota Supra in Japan, as the Toyota Celica XX . It debuted in the United States and for the 1979 model year. The U.S. Mark I (chassis code MA46) was originally equipped with a 110 hp (82 kW) 2.6 L (2563 cc) 12-valve SOHC straight-six engine ( 4M-E ). Simultaneously the Japanese Celica XX (chassis code MA45) was offered with a 140 PS (103 kW) version of

3520-487: The ST and lasted through the 1975 model year. For the 1975 model year, U.S. spec Celicas retained the 1974 body but received federally mandated 5-mph bumpers front and rear. Body-color urethane panels filled in the cutouts previously occupied by the smaller chrome bumpers. In October 1975, the entire Celica lineup was given a facelift with a revised front bumper and grille. The new model codes for facelift hardtop coupe were RA23 for

3600-709: The Supra. Lightly altered versions of the Celica were also sold through as the Corona Coupé through the Toyopet dealer network from 1985 to 1989, and as the Toyota Curren through the Vista network from 1994 to 1998. Displayed at the October 1970 Tokyo Motor Show together with the Toyota Carina and marketed from December of the same year, the Celica was a two-door hardtop coupé that emphasized styling and driving enjoyment. Based on

3680-523: The car was increased and the car featured various difference both externally and internally. Externally the most noticeable difference is the flat front end (similar to earlier JDM models ), the elimination of the removable hood vents (replaced by vents formed in the hood pressing) and the single cowl vent which replaced the twin vents on earlier models. Internally the cars also feature a different dash, seats and carpets. The liftback version also included these changes. The fastback -styled hatchback , called

3760-421: The car's drive layout was changed from rear-wheel drive to front-wheel drive , and all-wheel drive turbocharged models were manufactured from October 1986 to June 1999. Variable valve timing came in certain Japanese models starting from December 1997 and became standard in all models from the 2000 model year . In 1986, the six-cylinder Celica Supra variant was spun off as a separate model, becoming simply

3840-415: The earlier 1971–73 arches commonly referred to as thin lipped and the later 1974–77 as flat lipped. The North American Celica was equipped with federally mandated safety equipment such as an energy-absorbing steering column and seat belts. These were optional in some overseas markets. The A40 automatic transmission became an option on North American ST and LT models starting in the 1973 model year. For 1975

3920-517: The earlier body but received federally mandated 5 mph bumpers front and rear. Body-color urethane panels filled in the spaces previously occupied by the smaller chrome bumpers. This style of bumpers were used in North America until the end of this generation in 1977. Japan also used these bumpers for the Liftback GT, but not lesser grades or the coupe, from 1976 to 1977. Other changes done during

4000-518: The engine for the North American Celica is the 2.2 liter 20R. The Celica GT and LT models were introduced in the US for the 1974 model year. The top-line GT included a 5-speed W-50 manual transmission , rocker panel GT stripes and styled steel wheels with chrome trim rings. The LT was marketed as an economy model. 1974 saw minor changes in the Celica's trim and badges and slightly different wheel arches,

4080-509: The facelift. All 60-series Celicas intended for the UK market were powered by the 21R engine. In Australia, Toyota decided initially to use the 21R-C in the Celica. As a result, the car only turned out 67 kW (90 hp). However, for the facelift model, it was replaced by the quicker 73 kW (98 hp) 2S-C motor, now in combination with independent rear suspension rather than the traditional live axle differential. This version, model code SA63,

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4160-559: The general worldwide market with an 18R engine or RA24 for America with a 20R engine. The Liftbacks were coded RA28 and TA28 (global markets) or RA29 for the US. Also available was the TA23, which was similar to the RA23 but with the 2T engine and the TA28 offered with the 2T-B. The Toyota Celica Liftback GT won Motor Trend Car of the Year (Imported Vehicle) in 1976. The Celica RA23, TA23, RA28, and TA28 had

4240-585: The larger engine. The hood vents, fuel filler cap and interior options were also different between the TA and RA series across the model range. The 1976-77 North American Celicas lost their ammeter and oil pressure gauges; they were replaced by warning lamps in the gauge cluster. Up until 1976, U.S. Celicas got either wheel covers (ST, LT) or styled steel wheels with trim rings (GT) in the 13-inch size. Starting in 1976, all Celicas got 14-inch styled steel wheels, with trim rings (GT) or without them (ST and LT). For 1976–1977,

4320-411: The late 1930s. The 1921 and 1922 LaFayette models were available in a variety of open and closed body styles that included a close-coupled version featuring two center-opening doors on each side that was marketed as a Four-Door Coupe. The 1927 Nash Advanced Six was available in four-door coupe body style. More recently, the description has been applied by marketers to describe four-door cars with

4400-559: The lower-end LT was equipped with the single carbureted four-cylinder 2T engine displacing 1600 cc, while the ST came with a twin Solex downdraft carburetor 2T-B engine. The 2T-G that powered the high-end GT / GTV model was a DOHC 1600 cc engine equipped with twin Mikuni-Solex Carburetors. The first Celica for North America, 1971 ST was powered by 1.9 liter 8R engine . The 1972–1974 models have 2.0 liter 18R-C engines. For 1975–77,

4480-413: The model's lifetime. At its pinnacle in 1979, Toyota retailed 49 versions at once. Power for North American models was provided by a 2.2 L SOHC 20R 4-cylinder engine for both ST and GT models. This new generation offered more safety, power and fuel economy than previous models and was awarded Motor Trend's Import Car of the Year for 1978. In 1980, the limited edition U.S. Grand Prix GT Liftback

4560-418: The muscle-car era. From its 1971 introduction in North America until the 1973 model year, the Celica retained its original styling and trim, and was sold only in ST trim. The tri-color taillights with the "bubble" style arrived for 1973, and continued into early 1974. Mid-1974, the trim was slightly revised. The original Celica quarter panel script was changed to a bold block-letter font, the "C" pillar trim

4640-439: The non-U.S. GT Liftback was also available with the 18R-G twincam engine with a Yamaha head and running gear. This engine produced significantly more power than the single-cam 18R. Peak power was about 100 kW (134 hp) at 6000 rpm. In Australia, the 1971 TA22 Celica was first released with the 1.6-liter 2T motor, as well as the TA23 in the mid-1975 and the RA23 in 1976 with only 2000 1977 RA28s being imported, all with

4720-404: The number of doors, instead defining a coupé as having a rear interior volume of less than 33 cu ft (934 L). The definition of coupé started to blur when manufacturers began to produce cars with a 2+2 body style (which have a sleek, sloping roofline, two doors, and two functional seats up front, plus two small seats in the back). Some manufacturers also blur the definition of

4800-445: The open at the front and an enclosure behind him for two passengers on one bench seat . The French variant for this word thus denoted a car with a small passenger compartment. By the 1910s, the term had evolved to denote a two-door car with the driver and up to two passengers in an enclosure with a single bench seat. The coupé de ville , or coupé chauffeur, was an exception, retaining the open driver's section at front. In 1916,

4880-442: The opera with easy access to the rear seats. Features sometimes included a folding front seat next to the driver or a compartment to store top hats . Often they would have solid rear-quarter panels, with small, circular windows, to enable the occupants to see out without being seen. These opera windows were revived on many U.S. automobiles during the 1970s and early 1980s. The three-window coupe (commonly just "three-window")

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4960-448: The other chassis was a TOM'S Toyota 88C car (an FIA Group C -based car). Both were powered by a turbocharged , 2.1-liter inline-4 engine producing approximately 600 horsepower , which was similar to the engines AAR used in their IMSA GTO and GTU cars. The "Eagle" marque was used by Dan Gurney's AAR team to denote their racing cars, the "HF" comes from the initials of the designers' surnames, H opkins and F ujimori, and 89 from

5040-432: The rear seats and the fuel filler was moved from a concealed location between the tail lights to the left "C" pillar. Other changes included changes to the front and rear badges, the relocation of the towing hooks, changes to the color of the wing mirrors (on cars equipped with sports type mirrors) and changes to the centre console on ST and GT models. In 1974, for the 1975 model year, the North American spec Celica retained

5120-496: The team experienced some success in 1989 and 1990 with the HF89 and HF90 evolution, the chassis had a very small margin for setup error - in the words of driver Juan Manuel Fangio II , "When were in the window, the car was good in every way, but out of the window, the car was not right at all." This led the team to prepare a clean-sheet design for 1991 - the Eagle MkIII . In 1991, the HF89 won its final IMSA GTP race with Fangio driving, at

5200-544: The term liftback to describe the Celica fastback hatchback , and used the name Liftback GT for the North American market. Like the Ford Mustang , the Celica concept was to attach a coupe body to the chassis and mechanicals from a high volume sedan, in this case the Toyota Carina . The first three generations of North American market Celicas were powered by variants of Toyota's R series engine. In August 1985,

5280-522: The twin-cam motor all of which quickly halted any notion of the GTs becoming a staple in the Celica family in Australia. The second-generation Celica was released for the 1978 model year (production began in August 1977) and was again available in both notchback coupé and Liftback forms. It was designed in Toyota's Calty Design Research studio in California. David Stollery was responsible for its design. The coupé

5360-482: The two-digit year of its initial competition. Four chassis were constructed, and two were modified in 1990 and reclassified as HF90. The car made its debut at the 1989 IMSA Miami GTP race (car #99), but retired from the event with an engine timing belt malfunction. The team concentrated its efforts on the #98 car; AAR would not enter the HF89 until the Lime Rock GTP race. The car then completed its first race with

5440-418: Was first applied to horse-drawn carriages for two passengers without rear-facing seats. It comes from the French past participle of couper , "cut". Some coupé cars only have two seats, while some also feature rear seats. However, these rear seats are usually lower quality and much smaller than those in the front. Furthermore, "A fixed-top two-door sports car would be best and most appropriately be termed

5520-412: Was improved somewhat, but the 20R introduced for 1975 proved to be a better engine in most respects. In August 1972 the Celica's tail lights were updated from one-piece tail lights (affectionately called one-tail or flat lights) to tail lights with distinctive raised brake & turn signal "bubble" lenses. The rear center panel was also redesigned as the fuel tank was moved from the trunk bottom to behind

5600-408: Was no longer a true hardtop; both coupé and Liftback had frameless door glass but featured a thick "B" pillar. The glass areas were significantly increased over the original version, 26% larger for the coupé and 35% larger for the liftback. The A40 Celica was also the first Japanese production car to feature glass which curved in all three dimensions. The early or pre-facelift second-generation Celica

5680-459: Was not only featured square headlights, but also came with new grille, and revised hood and fenders which were not interchangeable with the parts of pre-facelift model. This generation offered as standard equipment a new windshield wiper and headlight switch installation, with the controls operated by levers attached to the steering column. From 1979 until 1981 the Griffith company in the U.S. offered

5760-651: Was offered due to Toyota's connection to the U.S. Grand Prix West in Long Beach, California . For 1981, the North American models were given a bigger 2.4-liter SOHC 22R 4-cylinder engine producing 96 hp (71.6 kW), which was simultaneously fitted to the Pickup . To celebrate the Celica 10th Anniversary, the GTA coupe was released. This was basically a GT coupe with a four-speed automatic transmission, Supra style interior, power windows, upgraded sound system and alloy wheels. The GTA

5840-470: Was offered for this generation Celica. The Australian, European, Japanese, and general export model Celicas came with rear side vents, while the North American versions received red conspicuity lights on the rear quarter panels. In 1982, the New York Yankees began using a Celica as their bullpen car . Fuel injection became standard on all North American Celicas started from August 1982, therefore

5920-403: Was only sold in 1983 and 1984 and only in Australia. The 2.0 was then replaced by the injected 2.4-liter motor (22R-E, model code RA65) which provided 87 kW (118 PS; 117 hp). Coup%C3%A9 A coupe or coupé ( / k uː ˈ p eɪ / , also US : / k uː p / ) is a passenger car with a sloping or truncated rear roofline and typically with two doors. The term coupé

6000-422: Was popular from the 1920s until the beginning of World War II . While many manufacturers produced three-window coupes, the 1932 Ford coupe is often considered the classic hot rod. Some SUVs or crossovers with sloping rear rooflines are marketed as "coupe crossover SUVs" or "coupe SUVs", even though they have four side doors for passenger egress to the seats and rear hatches for cargo area access however only

6080-486: Was provided by a 2.4 L 22R or 22R-E engine in all North American models, while smaller engines were used in other countries. The 2.4 L became the biggest 4-cylinder engine offered in any Celica ever. Other engines were the 1.6-liter 4A, 1.6-liter 2T, 1.8-liter 3T, 1.8-liter 4T, 1.8-liter 1S, 2.0-liter 2S, 2.0-liter 18R-G and 2.0-liter 21R, depending on the particular market. Trim levels for the Japanese market were SV, ST, ST-EFI, SX, GT, and GT Rally. Rack and pinion steering

6160-513: Was released with round headlights and chrome bumpers for lower grades. The higher grades such as the Japanese GT and all U.S. models have black rubber bumpers. The facelift was launched in August 1979 came with square headlights and revised tail lights. They came with chrome bumpers with rubber protectors on each corners, or for certain models with all polyurethane black bumpers such on the Japanese GT and all U.S. spec cars. The facelift model front end

6240-423: Was restyled with a more modern look, and GT logos switched to a bold serif font. The GT was the first American Celica to include a 5-speed overdrive transmission as standard, along with an FM/AM radio, leather-wrapped 4-spoke steering wheel, GT rocker panel stripes, styled steel wheels with bright trim rings, and 70-series radial tires. 1974 saw the introduction of the LT to North America. It was similarly equipped as

6320-421: Was the 1975 model year being TA23, RA23, RA24, RA25, RA28, TA28 & RA29. The Japanese version had engines under 2.0 liters so as to conform to Japanese regulations concerning engine displacement size, thereby allowing buyers to avoid an additional tax for a larger engine. Japanese buyers did pay a higher annual road tax for engines over 1.5 liters while staying under the 2.0 liter threshold. In some markets,

6400-494: Was the original with slant nose (trapezoid-like shape front corner light). This is for coupe model only, TA22, RA20, RA21 & RA22. These models were produced from 1970 to 1975 and came equipped with the 2T, 2T-G 1.6 liter, or 18R 2.0 liter motor. They had a 95 inches (2,400 mm) wheelbase. The second series had a flat nose (square front corner light) and slightly longer wheelbase (98 in or 2,500 mm wheelbase). This facelift model appeared in Japan in 1974 but for export

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