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94-714: The network had stations in 15 states in the United States (Arizona, California, Florida, Idaho, Illinois, Maryland, Nevada, Oklahoma, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New Mexico, Oregon, Tennessee, Texas and Washington). It was also available terrestrially in Puerto Rico and in northern Mexico (by spillover radio signals) and was available nationally in the US on Sirius XM Radio on Channel 149. The network shut down on September 8, 2019. ESPN Deportes Radio featured sports news and talk in Spanish, with

188-413: A computer . All EAS equipment must be tested on a weekly basis. The required weekly test (RWT) consists, at a minimum, of the header and end-of-message tones. Though an RWT does not need an audio or graphic message announcing the test, many stations provide them as a courtesy to the public. In addition, television stations are not required to transmit a video message for weekly tests. RWTs are scheduled by

282-470: A 3–2 vote, determining that it was not a monopoly because of competition on the Internet. The FCC stated, that the merger "is in the public interest" and "will benefit consumers by making available to them a wider array of programming choices at various price points and by affording them greater choice and control over the programming to which they subscribe." The biggest challenge for the newly unified company

376-650: A Friend for $ 150 million. In March 2023, SiriusXM announced it would cut 475 employees that amounts to 8% of its workforce. CEO Jennifer Witz cited economic uncertainty and a need to operate with "greater agility and efficiency." By 2023, Liberty Media had become SiriusXM's majority owner with an 83% stake, which it held through the Liberty SiriusXM Group (LSXM) tracking stock . In September 2023, Liberty proposed to spin off LSXM and combine it with SiriusXM. Existing LSXM stockholders such as John Malone would initially hold combined interests of approximately 84% in

470-551: A Petition for Rule Making in which it requested spectrum to offer Compact Disc quality digital audio radio service to be delivered by satellites and complementary radio transmitters. Following the Allocation NPRM, the FCC established a December 15, 1992, cut-off date for applications proposing satellite DARS to be considered in conjunction with CD Radio's application. One such application came from American Mobile Radio Corporation (AMRC),

564-722: A WEA on all cell phones. The number of event types in the national system has grown to eighty. At first, all but three of the events (civil emergency message, immediate evacuation, and emergency action notification [national emergency]) were weather-related (such as a tornado warning ). Since then, several classes of non-weather emergencies have been added, including, in most states, the AMBER Alert System for child abduction emergencies. In 2016, three additional weather alert codes were authorized for use in relation to hurricane events, including Extreme Wind Warning (EWW), Storm Surge Warning (SSW) and Storm Surge Watch (SSA). In 2004,

658-524: A deadline of December 12, 2023, for compliance; the FCC later granted an extension to some broadcasters due to a delay in the release of associated software updates by EAS decoder vendor Sage. The FCC requires all broadcast stations and multichannel video programming distributors (MVPD), hereafter "EAS participants", to install and maintain FCC-certified EAS decoders and encoders at their control points or headends . These decoders continuously monitor

752-540: A digitally encoded Specific Area Message Encoding (SAME) header , an attention signal, an audio announcement, and a digitally encoded end-of-message marker. The SAME header is the most critical part of the EAS design. It contains information about who originated the alert (the president, state or local authorities, the National Weather Service (NOAA/NWS), or the broadcaster), a short, general description of

846-403: A direct, wholly owned subsidiary of Sirius XM Holdings, Inc. The U.S. Federal Communications Commission (FCC) approved the merger of XM Satellite Radio and Sirius Satellite Radio, Inc. on July 29, 2008, 17 months after the companies first proposed it. The merger created a company with 18.5 million subscribers, and the deal was valued at US$ 3.3 billion, not including debt. The proposed merger

940-445: A nine-minute warning (the resulting tornado would kill 23 people). The trend of cord cutting has led to concerns that viewers' lessened use of broadcast media in favor of streaming video services would inhibit their ability to receive emergency information (notwithstanding availability of alerts on mobile phones ). The READI Act called for an inquiry into the distribution of alerts via internet platforms. EAS equipment has been

1034-515: A pre-announced presidential speech, coverage of a national/local election, major local or national news coverage outside regularly scheduled newscast hours or a major national sporting event such as the Super Bowl or World Series , with other events such as the Indianapolis 500 and Olympic Games mentioned in individual EAS state plans. An RWT is not required during a calendar week in which an RMT

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1128-433: A refreshed user interface of the application on Android and iOS. As of October 2017, SiriusXM is available for streaming via custom apps on a variety of connected devices including Amazon Alexa and Fire TV, Sonos, PlayStation, Roku, and smart TVs. In May 2018, SiriusXM unveiled a new look for both the desktop web player and the mobile apps. The MySXM feature, including all the custom mixes that listeners saved over time,

1222-471: A satellite-based digital radio service; this was spun off as XM Satellite Radio Holdings, Inc. in 1998. Its planned financing was complete by July 2000, at which point XM had raised US$ 1.26 billion and secured installation agreements with General Motors , Honda , and Toyota . Initially scheduled for September 12, 2001, XM's service start date was postponed due to the September 11, 2001, terrorist attacks on

1316-489: A severance package worth US$ 4.5 million. In November 2009, Parsons resigned as chairman of Sirius XM, receiving a payout of more than US$ 9 million. He was succeeded by Eddy Hartenstein , former publisher and CEO of the Los Angeles Times . In December 2012, Mel Karmazin stepped down as Sirius XM CEO after Liberty Media gained control of 49.5% of the company. James E. Meyer was named interim CEO. On April 30, 2013, he

1410-699: A special emphasis on soccer. Popular personalities on the network included Jorge Ramos , Fernando Alvarez, Hernan Pereyra, José del Valle, Kenneth Garay , Rafael Ramos Villagrana, Elmer Polanco, Armando Talavera Broderick Zerpa, Giovanni Scavia, Omar Fuentes, Jairo Moncada, Noe Vazquez, Diego Cora, Miguel Mannella, Dairon Esmoriz, Humberto Carrera, José Francisco Rivera, Oscar Restrepo, Alberto "Mono" Gambetta, David Lopez, Miguel Angel Cebreros, Dionisio Estrada, Bernardo Pilatti, Guillermo Celis, Renato Bermudez, Alvaro Riet, Omar Orlando Salazar, David Faitelson, Carlos Arratia and Luis Escobar. ESPN Deportes as well as its English counterpart ESPN Radio were retained by Disney in

1504-541: A variety of subscription options. There are more than 100 million cars on the road with SiriusXM radios installed. After trying for four years, on December 21, 2010, SiriusXM received approval from the FCC to add service in Alaska and Hawaii . SiriusXM announced on January 17, 2011, that it would place repeaters in those states and adjust three of its satellites to cover those areas. The move gave SiriusXM coverage in all 50 states. On January 12, 2011, XM Satellite Radio, Inc.

1598-420: Is a national warning system in the United States designed to allow authorized officials to broadcast emergency alerts and warning messages to the public via cable , satellite and broadcast television and AM , FM and satellite radio. Informally, Emergency Alert System is sometimes conflated with its mobile phone counterpart Wireless Emergency Alerts (WEA), a different but related system. However, both

1692-469: Is a network of 77 radio stations that are, in coordination with FEMA, used to originate emergency alert and warning information to the public before, during, and after incidents and disasters. PEP stations are equipped with additional and backup communications equipment and power generators designed to enable them to continue broadcasting information to the public during and after an event. Beginning with WJR Detroit and WLW Cincinnati in 2016, FEMA began

1786-516: Is a primary entry point for the Emergency Alert System . Sirius Satellite Radio was founded by Martine Rothblatt , who served as the new company's chairman of the board. Co-founder David Margolese served as chief executive officer and Robert Briskman served as president and Chief Operating Officer. In 1990, Rothblatt founded Satellite CD Radio in Washington, D.C. The company was

1880-666: Is available to all Sirius XM subscribers. The internet player allows subscribers to customize most stations to their liking by adjusting settings like: familiar/hits or unfamiliar/depth, studio recordings or live performances, and new/recent or old/classic material. These customized stations also allow listeners to play music without DJ interruptions. SiriusXM apps also include an extensive lineup of archived programming on SiriusXM On Demand. On June 17, 2009, Sirius XM released an application for use on Apple 's iPhone and iPod Touch , allowing its subscribers to listen to its programming on those devices. The application did not feature all of

1974-515: Is repeated three times for redundancy. EAS decoders compare the received headers against one another, looking for an exact match between any two, eliminating most errors which can cause an activation to fail. The decoder then decides whether to ignore the message or to relay it on the air if the message applies to the local area served by the station (following parameters set by the broadcaster). The SAME header bursts are followed by an EAS attention tone, which lasts between 8 and 25 seconds, depending on

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2068-522: Is scheduled. No testing has to be done during a calendar week in which all parts of the EAS (header burst, attention signal, audio message, and end of message burst) have been legitimately activated. In July 2018, in response to the aftermath of the false missile alert in Hawaii earlier in the year (which was caused by operator error during an internal drill protocol), the FCC announced that it would take steps to promote public awareness and improve efficiency of

2162-483: Is to serve as a "last-ditch effort to get a message out if the president cannot get to the media", it can easily be made redundant by the immediate and constant coverage that major weather events and other newsworthy situations—such as, most prominently, the September 11 attacks in 2001—receive from television broadcasters and news channels . Following the attacks, then-FCC chairman Michael K. Powell cited "the ubiquitous media environment" as justification for not using

2256-543: The Bush administration for allowing it to go through. After coming close to filing for Chapter 11 bankruptcy protection, only months after the 2008 merger, and having gone so far as to hire lawyers to prepare a possible filing, SiriusXM was able to avoid declaring bankruptcy with the assistance of a US$ 530 million loan from Liberty Media , the media conglomerate founded by John C. Malone in February 2009. Mel Karmazin negotiated

2350-539: The Emergency Broadcast System (EBS), and largely supplanted Local Access Alert systems, though Local Access Alert systems are still used from time to time. Its main improvement over the EBS, and perhaps its most distinctive feature, is its application of a digitally encoded audio signal known as Specific Area Message Encoding (SAME), which is responsible for the characteristic "screeching" or "chirping" sounds at

2444-558: The National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA). The EAS regulations and standards are governed by the Public Safety and Homeland Security Bureau of the FCC . All broadcast television, broadcast and satellite radio stations, as well as multichannel video programming distributors (MVPDs), are required to participate in the system. Messages in the EAS are composed of four parts:

2538-522: The World Trade Center and The Pentagon . XM Satellite Radio's first broadcast was on September 25, 2001, nearly four months before Sirius. Gary Parsons served as chairman of XM Satellite Radio from its inception through the merger, and resigned from the position in November 2009. Hugh Panero served as XM's CEO from 1998 until July 2007, shortly after the merger with Sirius was proposed. Nate Davis

2632-570: The EAS and WEA, among other systems, are coordinated under the Integrated Public Alert and Warning System (IPAWS). The EAS, and more broadly IPAWS, allows federal, state, and local authorities to efficiently broadcast emergency alert and warning messages across multiple channels. The EAS became operational on January 1, 1997, after being approved by the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) in November 1994, replacing

2726-541: The EAS in their immediate aftermath. Glenn Collins of The New York Times acknowledged these limitations, noting that "no president has ever used the current [EAS] system or its technical predecessors in the last 50 years, despite the Soviet missile crisis , a presidential assassination , the Oklahoma City bombing , major earthquakes and three recent high-alert terrorist warnings", and that using it would have actually hindered

2820-527: The EAS, as well as all cable and satellite services in the United States. They are not relayed on the NOAA Weather Radio (NOAA/NWS) network as it is an initiation-only network and does not receive messages from the PEP network. The national test would transmit and relay an Emergency Action Notification on November 9, 2011 at 2:00 p.m. EST. The Federal Communications Commission found that only half of

2914-501: The EBS, the attention signal is followed by a voice message describing the details of the alert. The message ends with 3 bursts of the AFSK "EOM", or End of Message , which is the text NNNN , preceded each time by the binary 10101011 calibration. Under a 2006 executive order issued by George W. Bush , the U.S. government was instructed to create "an effective, reliable, integrated, flexible, and comprehensive" public warning system. This

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3008-532: The Emergency Action Notification) is the notice to broadcasters that the president of the United States or their designee will deliver a message over the EAS via the PEP system. The government has stated that the system would allow a president to speak during a national emergency within 10 minutes. The National Public Warning System, also known as the Primary Entry Point ( PEP ) stations,

3102-582: The Emergency Alert System", and acts as an emergency presidential link into the EAS. The FNARS net control station is located at the Mount Weather Emergency Operations Center . Once an EAN is received by an EAS participant from a PEP station (or any other participant) the message then "daisy chains ' " through the network of participants. "Daisy chains" form when one station receives a message from multiple other stations and

3196-457: The FCC issued a Notice of Proposed Rulemaking (NPR) seeking comment on whether EAS in its present form is the most effective mechanism for warning the American public of an emergency and, if not, on how EAS can be improved, such as mandatory text messages to cellphones, regardless of subscription. As noted above, rules implemented by the FCC on July 12, 2007 provisionally endorse incorporating CAP with

3290-451: The FCC issued a notice of proposed rulemaking seeking to prioritize the display of alert audio and text from CAP messages, in order to provide higher quality alert audio, improve parity between the visual display and audio for the benefit of the hearing impaired , and to reduce the amount of technical jargon contained within the visual display. The rules were enacted in September 2022, with

3384-473: The FCC stated that future national tests would be delivered under the new event code "National Periodic Test" ("NPT"), and list "United States" as its location. A second national test, the first classified as an NPT, occurred on September 28, 2016 as part of National Preparedness Month . A third national periodic test occurred on September 27, 2017. The fourth NPT occurred on October 3, 2018 (delayed from September 20, 2018, due to Hurricane Florence ). It

3478-452: The FCC would consider other audio entertainment to be competitors and allow the merger to proceed by waiving the rule. After a 57-week review process, the U.S. Justice Department approved the Sirius and XM merger on March 24, 2008, concluding that satellite radio competes with terrestrial radio, online streaming, and mp3 players and tablets. On July 25, 2008, the FCC approved the merger with

3572-678: The SAME protocol. In November 2020, Congress passed the Reliable Emergency Alert Distribution Improvement (READI) Act. First sponsored by Hawaii Senator Brian Schatz in response to the Hawaii false missile alert , it amends the Warning, Alert, and Response Network (WARN) Act to require distribution of wireless alerts issued by the administrator of FEMA, and commands the FCC to establish a means of reporting false alerts, encourage

3666-464: The SiriusXM merger should not be counted as "Sirius subscribers" for the purposes of Stern's lawsuit. Stern argued the opposite because, among other factors, his popularity had played an integral role in helping Sirius acquire XM. He had been seeking US$ 330 million in stock bonuses. The trial court declared summary judgment in favor of SiriusXM, and a New York appeals court panel concurred, refusing to hear

3760-606: The United States. The company was formed by the 2008 merger of Sirius Satellite Radio and XM Satellite Radio , merging them into SiriusXM Radio. The company also has a 70% equity interest in Sirius XM Canada , an affiliate company that provides Sirius and XM service in Canada. On May 21, 2013, Sirius XM Holdings, Inc. was incorporated, and in January 2020, SiriusXM reorganized their corporate structure, which made Sirius XM Radio Inc .

3854-517: The app featured over 150 channels. On May 28, 2010, the Sirius XM application for Android smartphones was announced. As of April 2013, the app features over 130 channels. As part of Howard Stern's new five-year contract with SiriusXM, which he signed on December 9, 2010, The Howard Stern Show , which had not previously been made available on mobile devices, would now be a part of Sirius XM's mobile app package. On March 18, 2015, SiriusXM released

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3948-402: The audio portion of an EAS message to utilize higher quality digital audio , rather than needing to carry the audio off-air from the originating station. Under an FCC report and order issued in 2007, EAS participants would be required to migrate to digital equipment supporting CAP within 180 days of the specification's adoption by FEMA. This was originally scheduled for September 30, 2010, but

4042-437: The audio, and (where applicable) a visual display containing the extended text, from the associated CAP message. EAS participants are required to keep logs of all received messages. Logs may be kept by hand but are usually kept automatically by a small receipt printer in the encoder/decoder unit. Logs may also be kept electronically inside the unit as long as there is access to an external printer or method to transfer them to

4136-450: The availability of live coverage from media outlets. Following the tornado outbreak of March 3, 2019 , Birmingham, Alabama NWS meteorologist Kevin Laws told CNN that he, personally, wished that alerts could be updated in real-time in order to reflect the unpredictable nature of weather events, noting that the storm system's unexpected change in trajectory towards Lee County resulted in only

4230-416: The cable provider's X1, Xfinity Flex, and XClass TV platforms. Following the merger, Sirius XM began offering numerous new options, including à la carte offerings, a family-friendly version, and "mostly music" or "news, sports, and talk" packages, ranging in price from US$ 6.99 to US$ 16.99 per month. Prior to the merger, Sirius offered, for a one-time fee, a lifetime subscription for the radio unit (not

4324-550: The case. In 2017, SiriusXM surpassed 32 million subscribers. On September 24, 2018, SiriusXM announced its intent to acquire Pandora for US$ 3.5 billion. The acquisition was completed on February 1, 2019. On October 19, 2020, SiriusXM announced that it completed the acquisition of Stitcher . In April 2021, SiriusXM acquired 99% Invisible Inc. the company that produces Roman Mars 's 99% Invisible radio show and podcast. In 2022, SiriusXM purchased Conan O'Brien 's digital media assets, including his podcast Conan O'Brien Needs

4418-402: The customer's lifetime). After the merger, due to changes in bundling policies and contracts, some customers who had purchased lifetime subscriptions had their service reduced or canceled, and were unable to obtain a refund. In 2021, a settlement was reached in "Alvarez v. Sirius XM Radio Inc." regarding customers with these Sirius lifetime subscriptions. All lifetime subscriptions are now for

4512-468: The deadline was later delayed to June 30, 2012 at the request of broadcasters. The FCC has established that IPAWS is not a full substitute for the SAME protocol, as it is vulnerable to situations that may make internet connectivity unavailable. Therefore, as a backup distribution path, broadcasters must also convert CAP messages to SAME headers to enable backwards compatibility with the existing "daisy chain" method of EAS distribution. In December 2021,

4606-443: The deal in exchange for a 40% equity stake in SiriusXM. In the fourth quarter of 2009, SiriusXM posted a profit for the first time, with a net income of US$ 14.2 million. This came after net losses of US$ 245.8 million in the year following the merger. The company's resurgence was owed in part to the loan from Liberty Media. Increased automobile sales in the U.S. were also a factor. SiriusXM ended 2009 with 18.8 million subscribers. By

4700-489: The demographic skewing towards digital platforms, the lack of a cohesive sports culture among the United States' various Spanish-speaking communities, and the cost, expense and complications of running a full-time radio network. ESPN plans to convert some of the network's programming to podcasts . 10 full-time employees and 25 part-time employees would be laid off as a result of the closures. Most stations became affiliates of rival Spanish-language sports network TUDN Radio and

4794-400: The end of 2012, SiriusXM's subscriber base had grown to 23.9 million, mostly due to an increase in partnerships with automakers and car dealers; a strong push in the used-car market; and continued improved car sales in the U.S. in general. The renewal of radio show host Howard Stern 's contract through 2015 (US$ 400 million for five years, US$ 100 million less than Stern's previous five-year deal)

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4888-440: The establishment of State Emergency Communications Committees (SECC) that would meet annually to evaluate their EAS plans, require the repetition of alerts surrounding "emergencies of national significance", and open an inquiry into the feasibility of implementing the EAS on internet-related services. The EAS can only be used to relay audio messages that preempt all programming; as the intent of an Emergency Action Notification

4982-596: The event (tornado, flood, severe thunderstorm), the areas affected (up to 32 counties or states), the expected duration of the event (in minutes), the date and time it was issued (in UTC ), and an identification of the originating station. There are 79 radio stations designated as National Primary Stations in the Primary Entry Point (PEP) System to distribute presidential messages to other broadcast stations and cable systems. The National Emergency Message (formerly known as

5076-543: The event the internet cannot be used. The sixth NPT was postponed to 2021 amid the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic "out of consideration for the unusual circumstances and working conditions for those in the broadcast and cable industry." The sixth test occurred on August 11, 2021, at 2:20 pm EDT. This test involved the WEA system alongside television and radio. As of 2022, as part of a clarification and streamlining of terminology used in messages, further NPTs will now be referred to in

5170-513: The first to petition the FCC to assign unused frequencies for satellite radio broadcast, which "provoked a furor among owners of both large and small [terrestrial] radio stations". In April 1992, Rothblatt resigned as chairman and CEO to start a medical research foundation. Former NASA engineer Briskman, who designed the company's satellite technology, was then appointed chairman and CEO. Six months later, in November 1992, Rogers Wireless co-founder Margolese, who had provided financial backing for

5264-426: The industry", the FCC also awarded a license to XM Satellite Radio, which followed Sirius' example. In November 1999, marketing chief Ira Bahr convinced Margolese to again change the name of the company, this time to Sirius Satellite Radio, in order to avoid association with the soon-to-be-outdated CD technology. Having secured installation deals with automakers, including BMW , Chrysler and Ford , Sirius launched

5358-646: The initial phase of its service in four cities on February 14, 2002, expanding to the rest of the contiguous United States on July 1, 2002. In November 2001, Margolese stepped down as CEO, remaining as chairman until November 2003, with Sirius issuing a statement thanking him "for his great vision, leadership and dedication in creating both Sirius and the satellite radio industry". Joe Clayton, former CEO of Global Crossing , followed as CEO from November 2001 until November 2004; stayed on as chairman until July 2008. Mel Karmazin , former president of Viacom , became CEO in November 2004 and remained in that position through

5452-431: The integrity of the system, and prevent false activations, the FCC prohibits the use of actual or simulated EAS/WEA tones and attention signals outside of genuine alerts, tests, or authorized public service announcements , especially when they are used "to capture audience attention during advertisements; dramatic, entertainment, and educational programs" (even if the footage is documentation of an event where an actual alert

5546-534: The lifetime of the owner, not the radio unit. Subscriptions can be transferred from one radio to another for $ 35. Inactive lifetime subscriptions can be cancelled and owners paid $ 100. On December 4, 2014, Sirius XM Holdings agreed to a US$ 3.8 million settlement with 45 states and the District of Columbia, over a suit initiated by then- Ohio Attorney General Mike DeWine , stemming from the company's billing and service renewal practices. The suit alleged Sirius XM Holdings

5640-411: The merger, until December 2012. The origin of XM Satellite Radio was a Petition for Rulemaking filed at the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) by regulatory attorney and Founder of Satellite CD Radio Martine Rothblatt , to establish frequencies and licensing rules for the world's first-ever Satellite Digital Audio Radio Service (SDARS). On May 18, 1990, Satellite CD Radio, Inc. (SCDR) filed

5734-411: The new combined company were assured golden parachute severance packages that had been approved in 2007. Former CEO Nate Davis received a severance package worth US$ 10 million. Erik Toppenberg, executive vice president of programming, received a severance package worth US$ 5.34 million. CFO Joseph Euteneuer received a severance package worth US$ 4.9 million. Vernon Irvin , chief marketing officer, received

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5828-617: The newly launched Unanimo Deportes radio network (which is run by ESPN Deportes alumnus Lino García and also based at WMYM), while WEPN in New York City became a pass-through for the national ESPN Radio programs and local overflow not cleared by sister station WEPN-FM . Sirius XM Radio Sirius XM Holdings Inc. is an American broadcasting corporation headquartered in Midtown Manhattan , New York City , that provides satellite radio and online radio services operating in

5922-405: The originating station. The tone is 1,050 Hz on a NOAA Weather Radio station. On commercial broadcast stations, a "two-tone" attention signal of 853  Hz and 960 Hz sine waves is used instead, the same signal used by the older Emergency Broadcast System . These tones have become infamous, and can be considered both frightening and annoying by listeners; in fact,

6016-476: The participants received the message via Integrated Public Alert and Warning System , and some "failed to receive or retransmit alerts due to erroneous equipment configuration, equipment readiness and upkeep issues, and confusion regarding EAS rules and technical requirements", and that participation among low-power broadcasters was low. Many reported visuals or audio missing, and in the case of DirecTV , hearing Lady Gaga music instead. To reduce viewer confusion,

6110-589: The predecessor company to XM Satellite Radio. XM Satellite Radio was founded by Lon Levin and Gary Parsons. It has its origins in the 1988 formation of the American Mobile Satellite Corporation (AMSC), a consortium of several organizations originally dedicated to satellite broadcasting of telephone, fax, and data signals. In 1992, AMSC established a unit called the American Mobile Radio Corporation, dedicated to developing

6204-555: The process of constructing transportable studio shelters at the transmitters of 33 PEP stations, which feature broadcasting equipment, emergency provisions, a rest area, and an air filtration system. NPWS project manager Manny Centeno explained that these shelters were designed to "[expand] the survivability of these stations to include an all hazards platform, which means chemical, biological, radiological air protection and protection from electromagnetic pulse." The FEMA National Radio System (FNARS) "Provides Primary Entry Point service to

6298-576: The programming available to satellite listeners. On March 17, 2011, the application was also made available for the iPad . In 2012, the application was updated for iOS and Android , featuring additional content, and the ability to pause, rewind, and fast-forward through audio streams. On February 4, 2010, the Sirius XM BlackBerry application was announced, for use on BlackBerry smartphones (the Bold , Curve , Storm , and Tour ). As of April 2013,

6392-477: The restructured company. The proposal is subject to review by a special committee of SiriusXM's independent directors. Following the merger, Sirius CEO Mel Karmazin became CEO of the combined company, and XM chairman Gary Parsons retained his role. XM CEO and co-founder Hugh Panero stepped down in August 2007, shortly after the merger was first announced. XM Satellite Radio executives who were not offered jobs in

6486-547: The sale of ABC Radio to Citadel Broadcasting , then to Cumulus Media . The network was flagshipped at WMYM in Miami, Florida , which was not owned by Disney (it sold the station, then a Radio Disney outlet, in 2015) but had been operated by Disney for several years before that. On June 11, 2019, ESPN announced that it would be discontinuing the ESPN Deportes Radio network on September 8, 2019, citing consumer habits within

6580-843: The signals from other nearby broadcast stations for EAS messages. For reliability, at least two source stations must be monitored, one of which must be a designated local primary . Participants are to retain the latest version of the EAS handbook. EAS participants are required by federal law to relay National Emergency Messages (EAN, formerly Emergency Action Notification) immediately (47 CFR Part 11.54). Broadcasters traditionally have been allowed to opt out of relaying other alerts such as severe weather , and child abduction emergencies ( AMBER Alerts ) if they so choose. In practice, television stations with local news departments will usually interrupt regularly-scheduled programming during newsworthy situations (such as severe weather) to provide extended coverage. If possible, EAS participants must transmit

6674-400: The start and end of each message. The first signal is the "header" which encodes, among other information, the alert type and locations, or the specific area that should receive the message. The last short burst marks the end-of-message. These signals are read by specialized encoder-decoder equipment. This design allows for automated station-to-station relay of alerts to only the area the alert

6768-776: The station on random days and times, (though quite often during late night or early afternoon hours), and are generally not relayed. Required monthly tests (RMTs) are generally originated by the local or state primary station, a state emergency management agency, or by the National Weather Service and are then relayed by broadcast stations and cable channels. RMTs must be performed between 8:30 a.m. and local sunset during odd numbered months, and between local sunset and 8:30 a.m. during even numbered months. Received monthly tests must be retransmitted within 60 minutes of receipt. Additionally, an RMT should not be scheduled or conducted during an event of great importance such as

6862-400: The station then forwards that message to multiple other stations. This process creates many redundant paths through which the message may flow increasing the likelihood that the message will be received by all participants and adding to the survivability of the system. Each EAS participant is required to monitor at least two other participants. Because the header lacks error detection codes, it

6956-463: The subject of various cyberattacks , caused primarily by participants using insecure or factory default passwords on their encoders and decoders, and outdated software containing unpatched vulnerabilities . On multiple occasions, federal government departments have warned that failure to employ secure passwords and keep software updated made EAS equipment vulnerable to such attacks, which could result in disruptions such as false alerts. To protect

7050-483: The system unnecessary or redundant. In practice, it is used at a regional scale to distribute information regarding imminent threats to public safety, such as severe weather situations (including flash floods and tornadoes ), AMBER Alerts , and other civil emergencies. It is jointly coordinated by the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA), the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) and

7144-455: The system, including requiring safeguards to prevent distribution of false alarms, the ability to authorize "live code" tests—which would simulate the process and response to an actual emergency, and authorizations to use the EAS tones in public service announcements that promote awareness of the system. On February 3, 2011, the FCC announced plans and procedures for national EAS tests, which involve all television and radio stations connected to

7238-529: The test message as a "Nationwide Test of the Emergency Alert System" issued by the United States Government . On May 3, 2022, it was announced that the seventh NPT would not take place during 2022, and instead occur in early 2023. On August 3, 2023, FEMA and the FCC announced that the seventh NPT would occur October 4, 2023 with a backup date of October 11, 2023. The test commenced just before 2:20 pm ET, and consisted of an alert on TV/radio as well as

7332-431: The two tones, which form approximately the interval of a just major second at an unusually high pitch, were chosen specifically for their ability to draw attention, due to their unpleasantness on the human ear . The SAME header is equally known for its shrillness, which many have found to be startling. The "two-tone" system is no longer required as of 1998, and is to be used only for audio alerts before EAS messages. Like

7426-490: The venture, acquired control of the company and succeeded Briskman. Margolese renamed the company CD Radio, and spent the next five years lobbying the FCC to allow satellite radio to be deployed, and the following five years raising US$ 1.6 billion, which was used to build and launch three satellites into elliptical orbit from Kazakhstan in July 2000. In 1997, after Margolese had obtained regulatory clearance and "effectively created

7520-496: Was accomplished via expansions to the aforementioned PEP network, and the development of the Integrated Public Alert and Warning System (IPAWS)—a national aggregator and distributor of alert information using the XML -based Common Alerting Protocol (CAP) and an internet network. IPAWS can be used to distribute alert information to EAS participants, supported mobile phones ( Wireless Emergency Alerts ), and other platforms. IPAWS also allows

7614-512: Was adamantly opposed to the merger, calling it a monopoly. Shortly after the Justice Department gave its support to the merger without restrictions, attorneys general from 11 states (Connecticut, Iowa, Maryland, Mississippi, Missouri, Nevada, Ohio, Oklahoma, Rhode Island, Utah, and Washington) urged the FCC to impose restrictions on the merger. Several Congressional Democrats also opposed the merger, calling it anticompetitive and criticizing

7708-448: Was also a factor in the company's steady growth, as Stern's show attracted over 12 million listeners per week. By 2017, SiriusXM penetrated approximately 75% in the new car market. Out of that 75%, approximately 40% of owners become subscribers. SiriusXM is now available in cars from every major car company, as well as in assorted trucks, boats and aircraft. The company offers trial subscriptions to new car owners and then offers customers

7802-545: Was appointed interim CEO until the merger was completed, at which point Sirius CEO Mel Karmazin took over as CEO of the newly merged company, Sirius XM. After three months of serious negotiations, the US$ 13 billion merger between Sirius and XM was officially announced on February 19, 2007. At the time, the nation's only two satellite radio providers reported nearly 14 million combined subscribers (with nearly 8 million belonging to XM), with neither having turned an annual profit. Sirius

7896-604: Was dissolved as a separate entity and merged into SiriusXM Radio, Inc. On April 11, 2011, the Canadian Radio-television and Telecommunications Commission (CRTC) approved the merger of Sirius and XM's Canadian affiliates in Sirius XM Canada . On April 11, 2013, a New York appeals court upheld a New York judge's ruling, from April 2012, that Howard Stern was not entitled to stock bonuses despite SiriusXM having exceeded its subscriber target projections. The trial court ruled that subscribers to XM Satellite Radio from before

7990-1140: Was engaged in "misleading, unfair and deceptive acts or practices in violation of state consumer protection laws", Attorney General DeWine said. SiriusXM is the exclusive home to Howard Stern , with two dedicated Howard Stern channels. SiriusXM's talk, news, and comedy programming features channels from many news outlets, including: BBC , CNBC , FOX News , CNN , MSNBC , Bloomberg , NPR , and C-SPAN . The programming also includes exclusive talk and entertainment channels such as TODAY Show Radio, Business Radio Powered By The Wharton School , Entertainment Weekly Radio, Faction Talk, Radio Andy, Joel Osteen Radio, and comedy from channels including Comedy Central Radio, Comedy Greats, Laugh USA , Raw Dog Comedy and George Carlin 's Carlin's Corner. SiriusXM music programming includes channels dedicated to multiple decades and genres that span rock, pop, country, R&B, hip-hop, electronic dance, jazz and more, and concept-based channels, such as The Coffee House , SiriusXM Chill , Road Trip Radio, and Yacht Rock Radio. Emergency Alert System The Emergency Alert System ( EAS )

8084-572: Was intended for. Like the Emergency Broadcast System, the system is primarily designed to allow the President of the United States to address the country via all radio and television stations in the event of a national emergency. Despite this, neither the system nor its predecessors have been used in this manner. The ubiquity of news coverage in these situations, such as during the September 11 attacks , has been credited to making usage of

8178-676: Was named permanent CEO. Also in April 2013, Liberty Media CEO Greg Maffei was named Sirius XM's chairman, succeeding Hartenstein. In October 2019, Denise Karkos was named Chief Marketing Officer and in November 2019, Alex Luke was named Senior VP of Digital Content for SiriusXM and Pandora. In September 2020, SiriusXM announced that Jennifer Witz will succeed James Meyer as the company's Chief Executive Officer once he retires by December 31, 2020. The company also hired AMC Networks Inc's Sean Sullivan as Chief Financial Officer. In December 2021, Joe Inzerillo, former CTO of Disney Streaming Services ,

8272-485: Was named the Chief Technology Officer of SiriusXM. Sirius XM radio content is available to stream online either as an add-on to existing subscriptions or as an Internet-only option. In August 2011, SiriusXM announced that the company would start offering a personalized interactive online radio experience. MySXM debuted on April 15, 2013, allowing users to fine-tune over 50 existing Sirius XM channels. MySXM

8366-552: Was opposed by those who felt it would create a monopoly . Sirius and XM argued that a merger was the only way that satellite radio could survive. In September 2018, the company agreed to purchase the streaming music service Pandora , and this transaction was completed on February 1, 2019. Since then, SiriusXM has grown to be the largest audio entertainment company in North America. As of July 12, 2022 , SiriusXM had approximately 34 million subscribers. SiriusXM Radio

8460-450: Was preceded by the first mandatory wireless emergency alert test. The fifth NPT occurred on August 7, 2019, and moved up from past years to prevent it from occurring during the heart of the Atlantic hurricane season . The test focused exclusively on distribution to broadcast outlets and television providers via the primary entry point network to gauge the efficiency of alert distribution in

8554-405: Was removed. SiriusXM claims that they are working on a more personalized feature that will release in the upcoming months. SiriusXM later expanded their internet and mobile platforms by acquiring Pandora in February 2019. In early November 2019, SiriusXM became available to stream on all devices that use Google Assistant . In June 2022, SiriusXM streaming was added to Xfinity customers using

8648-494: Was replaced with 4.6 shares of Sirius stock. Each company's stockholders initially retained approximately 50% of the joined company. At the time of the merger, Sirius' top programming included channels for Howard Stern , and Martha Stewart ; live NBA and NFL games; and live NASCAR races. XM's programming included channels for Willie Nelson , Opie and Anthony , Snoop Dogg , and Oprah Winfrey ; and live Major League Baseball games. The National Association of Broadcasters

8742-726: Was selling more subscriptions with the drop in the number of cars sold annually in the U.S., the subsequent reduced demand for cars equipped with satellite radio, as well as online radio-streaming competition. Conditions of the merger included allowing any third-party company to make satellite radio devices; producing new radios that can receive both XM and Sirius channels within one year; allowing consumers to choose which channels they would like to have; freezing subscription rates for three years; setting aside 8% of its channels for noncommercial programmers; and paying US$ 19.7 million in fines for past rule violations. Sirius and XM began merging their channels on November 12, 2008. Each share of XM stock

8836-455: Was valued at US$ 5.2 billion, and XM at US$ 3.75 billion. Each subscription was sold for US$ 12.95 monthly. XM and Sirius executives felt the merger would lower programming costs by eliminating overlapping stations and duplicated marketing costs. According to their original operating licenses, the two companies were not allowed to ever own each other's license. In proceeding with the merger, Sirius CEO Mel Karmazin ignored this rule, gambling that

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