The King's Indian Defence (or KID ) is a common chess opening . It is defined by the following moves:
31-601: E99 can refer to: King's Indian Defense , Encyclopaedia of Chess Openings code E 99 road (United Arab Emirates) , a road in the United Arab Emirates Embraer R-99 , an aircraft type European route E99 , European road in Turkey Element 99, a fictional element in the video game Singularity . [REDACTED] Topics referred to by the same term This disambiguation page lists articles associated with
62-634: A combined score of 13 points out of 18, followed in 1966 at Havana , Cuba. In 1964, Uhlmann shared victory with Lev Polugaevsky at a tournament in Sarajevo and tied for first with former World Champion Vasily Smyslov at the Capablanca Memorial . He tied for first with Borislav Ivkov , and ahead of World Champion Tigran Petrosian ) at Zagreb 1965, tied for first with Boris Spassky at Hastings 1965/66, tied for first with David Bronstein at Szombathely 1966, and tied for first with Bronstein at
93-423: A forced draw . The line where White accepts the gambit runs 5...0-0 6.Be3 c5 7.dxc5 dxc5 8.Qxd8 (8.e5 Nfd7 9.f4 f6 10.exf6 is also possible here, though less often seen) Rxd8 9.Bxc5 Nc6. Black's activity is believed to give sufficient compensation. White's most frequent play is to decline the gambit, and instead play 7.Nge2, and head for Benoni type positions after a d4–d5 advance. However, after 7...cxd4 (preventing
124-428: A full point. In 2012, aged 77, Uhlmann was a member of the "Old Hands" group of senior previous top players who played the "Snowdrops", a group of young woman masters, in a display match. The other Old Hands were Oleg Romanishin , Vlastimil Hort , and Friðrik Ólafsson , while the women were Tania Sachdev , Alina Kashlinskaya , Valentina Gunina , and Kristýna Havlíková [ cs ] . ChessBase described
155-594: A good game with either 6...h6 or 6...Nbd7. This line is distinct from the much more popular Averbakh Variation, described below, since in the Zinnowitz, White has played 5.Nf3 instead of 5.Be2, as in the Averbakh, and then follows with 6.Bg5. Another, more significant and quite popular sideline occurs for Black on move 6, with 6...Bg4, in place of the mainline 6...e5. One idea for Black here is to relieve their somewhat cramped position by exchanging their light-squared bishop, which
186-412: Is 3.Nc3 Bg7 4.e4 d6 5.Be2 0-0 6.Bg5 (named for Yuri Averbakh ), which prevents the immediate 6...e5 (6...e5 ? 7. dxe5 dxe5 8. Qxd8 Rxd8 9. Nd5 Nxd5 (If black doesn't play Nxd5, black loses the f6 knight)10. Bxd8 Nb6 11. Bxc7 White is up an exchange and a pawn, the endgame should be winning for white.) Black often repels the bishop with 6...h6 giving them the option of a later g5, though in practice this
217-521: Is a weakening move. White has various ways to develop, such as Qd2, Nf3, f4 or even h4. However, Black obtains good play against all of these development schemes. The old main line in this begins with 6...c5 (which keeps the long diagonal open). However, 6...Nbd7 and 6...Na6 ( Judit Polgár 's move) are also seen. It is possible that the Averbakh System (of the Modern Defense) can transition to
248-454: Is considered a separate opening). White's major third move options are 3.Nc3, 3.Nf3 or 3.g3, with both the King's Indian and Grünfeld playable against these moves. The Encyclopaedia of Chess Openings classifies the King's Indian Defence under the codes E60 through E99. The King's Indian is a hypermodern opening, where Black deliberately allows White control of the centre with pawns, with
279-465: Is more solidly defended than in most KID variations. The most common responses are: Finally, White has other setups, such as Nf3 and h3 and Nge2 (with or without Bd3), but these are currently not as popular at the grandmaster level. 1.d4 Nf6 2.c4 g6 3.Nc3 Bg7 4.e4 d6 5.Nge2 followed by 6.Ng3 is called the Hungarian Attack . One of the earliest examples: One of the most famous King's Indian games
310-539: Is often relegated to a passive role in the King's Indian. White's most popular response is 7.Be3, similar to the Gligoric System (see above); White seems to retain a small edge in every variation. Top players who have used this line for Black include two former World Champions: GMs Mikhail Tal and Boris Spassky . After 6...c5 7.O-O cxd4 8.Nxd4 Nc6, the game transposes into the Accelerated Dragon variation of
341-456: Is that it deprives the knight on g1 of its most natural square, thus impeding development of the kingside. Black can strike for the centre as previously mentioned or delay with 6...Nc6, 7...a6 and 8...Rb8 so that Black can play ...b7–b5 to open lines on the queenside. The Classical Defence to the Sämisch is 5...0-0 6.Be3 e5, when White has a choice between closing the centre with 7.d5, or maintaining
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#1732868622209372-447: Is the main line. The Fianchetto Variation 1.d4 Nf6 2.c4 g6 3.Nf3 Bg7 4.g3 0-0 5.Bg2 d6 6.0-0, is named for White's development of light-squared bishop to g2, and is one of the most popular lines at the grandmaster level, Korchnoi once its most notable practitioner. This method of development is on completely different lines than other King's Indian variations. Here, Black's normal plan of attack can hardly succeed, as White's kingside
403-497: The French Defense , Tarrasch Variation and Larsen playing the uncommon King's Fianchetto Opening . Uhlmann was not able to qualify for a Candidates Tournament again. He also enjoyed some success in the 1970s and 1980s. He tied for first with Bronstein and Vlastimil Hort at Hastings 1975/76, placed second behind Anatoly Karpov at Skopje 1976, tied for first with Farago and Rainer Knaak at Halle 1978, and won Halle 1981 by
434-489: The Modern Benoni after 5...0-0 6.Bg5 c5 7.d5 e6. World champions Mikhail Botvinnik , Mikhail Tal , Tigran Petrosian , Boris Spassky , Anatoly Karpov and Garry Kasparov have all played this variation. This line defends the e4-pawn to create a secure centre and enables White to begin an attack kingside with Be3, Qd2, Bh6, g2–g4 and h2–h4. It allows placement of a bishop on e3 without allowing ...Ng4; however, its drawback
465-615: The Sicilian Defence . The Sämisch Variation is 3.Nc3 Bg7 4.e4 d6 5.f3. It is named after Friedrich Sämisch , who developed the system in the 1920s. This often leads to very sharp play with the players castling on opposite wings and attacking each other's kings, as in the Bagirov–Gufeld game given below, though it may also give rise to heavyweight positional struggles. Black has a variety of pawn breaks, such as ...e5, ...c5 and ...b5 (prepared by ...c6 and/or ...a6). This can transpose to
496-461: The Averbakh Variation of the King's Indian Defence. The Four Pawns Attack continues with 3.Nc3 Bg7 4.e4 d6 5.f4 0-0 6.Nf3. This is the most aggressive method for White, and was often seen in the 1920s. With their fifth move, White erects a massive centre at the price of falling behind in development. If Black can open the position, White may well find themselves overextended. From this 6...c5
527-676: The Berlin Lasker Memorial in 1968. At Raach in 1969, a zonal tournament, he finished two points clear of a field which included Lajos Portisch , giving him access to the Palma de Mallorca Interzonal . His most successful attempt at World Championship qualification occurred at the Palma de Mallorca Interzonal of 1970 , where he came sixth and reached the Candidates Matches the following year. But he lost his quarter-final match to Bent Larsen , 5½–3½. The match featured three games in
558-532: The analysis and play of three strong Soviet players in particular— Alexander Konstantinopolsky , Isaac Boleslavsky , and David Bronstein —helped to make the defence much more respected and popular. It is a dynamic opening, exceptionally complex, and a favourite of former world champions Garry Kasparov , Bobby Fischer , and Mikhail Tal , with prominent grandmasters Viktor Korchnoi , Miguel Najdorf , Efim Geller , John Nunn , Svetozar Gligorić , Wolfgang Uhlmann , and Ilya Smirin having also contributed much to
589-591: The d4-d5 advance) 8.Nxd4 Nc6, the game transposes into the Accelerated Dragon variation of the Sicilian Defence . 5...0-0 6.Be3 Nc6 7.Nge2 a6 8.Qd2 Rb8 leads to the Panno Variation of the Sämisch. Black prepares to respond appropriately depending on White's choice of plan. If White plays 0-0-0 and goes for a kingside attack, then 7...a6 prepares ...b7–b5 with a counterattack against White's castled position. If instead White plays more cautiously, then Black challenges White's centre with ...e5. The Averbakh Variation
620-445: The game at the age of six but, at age sixteen, he contracted tuberculosis and spent one and a half years in a sanatorium, where he studied the game relentlessly. He emerged as a strong player, progressing to the title of German Youth Champion in 1951. He learned the trade of letterpress printing, but his career in chess prevented him from practicing it. Uhlmann won the 1954, 1955 and 1958 East Germany Chess Championships, and in 1956
651-531: The mid-1950s and the late 1980s, reaching the 1971 Candidates Tournament. During his career, Uhlmann played many of the top players of the time and won the East Germany Chess Championships 11 times. Uhlmann continued to play chess into his later years, before dying at the age of 85 in Dresden . Wolfgang Uhlmann was born on 29 March 1935 in Dresden , Germany. His father, Alfred, a baker, taught him
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#1732868622209682-475: The opening. The main variations of the King's Indian are: The Classical Variation is 3.Nc3 Bg7 4.e4 d6 5.Nf3 0-0 6.Be2 e5. A minor but still significant sideline occurs for White on move 6, with 6.Bg5, the Zinnowitz Variation, instead of 6.Be2 e5. The line was played several times by German Grandmaster Burkhard Malich in the 1960s and 1970s. It is currently unfashionable at master level; Black gets
713-405: The opposite wing. The resulting unbalanced positions offer scope for both sides to play for a win. The earliest known use of the term " Indian Defence " was in 1884. The modern names "King's Indian Defence", " King's Indian Attack ", etc. arose in the mid-twentieth century and are attributed to Hans Kmoch . Until the mid-1930s, the King's Indian Defence was generally regarded as highly suspect, but
744-525: The round 8 game Kashlinskaya–Uhlmann as the most beautiful of the event, with Uhlmann's play evoking the style of the young Mikhail Tal . Uhlmann died on 24 August 2020, in Dresden, where he had lived his entire life. He was 85, and had entered hospital following a fall; he had, however, been sick for much of his life from complications resulting from his childhood tuberculosis. He is survived by his widow, Christine, two children and two grandchildren. Uhlmann
775-687: The same title formed as a letter–number combination. If an internal link led you here, you may wish to change the link to point directly to the intended article. Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=E99&oldid=1121018452 " Category : Letter–number combination disambiguation pages Hidden categories: Short description is different from Wikidata All article disambiguation pages All disambiguation pages King%27s Indian Defense Black intends to follow up with 3...Bg7 and 4...d6 (the Grünfeld Defence arises when Black plays 3...d5 instead and
806-412: The tension with 7.Nge2. Kasparov was a major proponent of this defence. The Sämisch Gambit arises after 5...0-0 6.Be3 c5. This is a pawn sacrifice, and was once considered dubious. As Black's play has been worked out, this evaluation has changed, and the gambit now enjoys a good reputation. A practical drawback, however, is that a well-prepared but unambitious White player can often enter lines leading to
837-463: The theory and practice of this opening. In the early 2000s the opening's popularity suffered after Vladimir Kramnik began scoring excellently against it, so much so that Kasparov gave up the opening after several critical losses to Kramnik. However, Kramnik himself won a game on the black side of the KID in 2012, and current top players including Hikaru Nakamura , Teimour Radjabov , and Ding Liren play
868-475: The view to subsequently challenge it. In the most critical lines of the King's Indian, White erects an imposing pawn centre with Nc3 followed by e4. Black stakes out their own claim to the centre with the Benoni -style ...c5, or ...e5. If White resolves the central pawn tension with d5, then Black follows with either ...b5 and queenside play, or ...f5 and an eventual kingside attack. Meanwhile, White attempts to expand on
899-420: Was a brilliancy by the late Ukrainian -American grandmaster Eduard Gufeld , who called it his " Mona Lisa ": The Encyclopaedia of Chess Openings ( ECO ) classification of variations of the King's Indian are: Wolfgang Uhlmann Wolfgang Uhlmann (29 March 1935 – 24 August 2020) was a German chess grandmaster . He was East Germany 's most successful chess player between
930-1043: Was acknowledged as one of the world's leading experts on the French Defence , particularly the Winawer Variation , having refined and improved many of its variations and written the book Ein Leben lang Französisch ( Winning with the French ) on the opening . He is one of very few grandmasters to have deployed the French almost exclusively in reply to 1. e4. Bronstein vs. Uhlmann, Tallinn 1977 1. e4 e6 2. d4 d5 3. Nc3 Bb4 4. e5 Ne7 5. a3 Bxc3+ 6. bxc3 c5 7. Qg4 Qc7 8. Qxg7 Rg8 9. Qxh7 cxd4 10. Ne2 Nbc6 11. f4 Bd7 12. Qd3 dxc3 13. h4 0-0-0 14. h5 Nf5 15. h6 Rg6 16. h7 Rh8 17. Rh3 (17.Rb1 f6 18.exf6 Be8 19.Qxc3 Rxh7 20.Rxh7 Qxh7 21.Rb3 [ Vasiukov –Doroskevic, USSR 1967] d4! =/+ Ivkov ) d4! 18. Rb1 Be8 19. Qf3 Qd8 -/+ 20. g4 Nh4 21. Qh1 Rxg4 22. Ng3 Rxh7 23. Ne4 (see diagram; "Black now sacrifices
961-776: Was awarded the International Master title, and later the Grandmaster title in 1959. He was the German Democratic Republic 's (GDR) most outstanding player at the Chess Olympiads of 1956–1990, where he made 11 appearances, mostly on top board . At the 1964 event in Tel Aviv , Israel he scored a combined 15 points out of 18, earning him the individual board one gold medal. In the same year, he won his fourth national championship. An individual bronze medal, for