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12-538: Sable is portrayed in heraldic hatching by criss-crossing perpendicular lines. Sable is indicated by the abbreviation s. or sa. when a coat of arms is tricked . Sable can be traced back to Middle English, Anglo-French, and ultimately to the Middle Low German sabel , which refers to a species of marten known as a sable . This is related to the Middle High German zobel , which is of Slav origin and akin to

24-454: A sphere radiant sable, its centre argent". In addition to the seven major examples, he describes occasional variants for the arms of some rody which also use sable charges on azure or gules fields. Sable charges on gules fields also appear in the armory used in Lithuania . This is not surprising, since a significant fraction of Lithuania's personal coats of arms are of Polish origin, so there

36-403: Is a certain similarity of style. Among these coats are those of Great Žemaitija : "a black bear with an argent chain on its neck on a field gules". Hatching Hatching ( French : hachure ) is an artistic technique used to create tonal or shading effects by drawing (or painting or scribing) closely spaced parallel lines . When lines are placed at an angle to one another, it

48-564: Is associated with: Sable is considered a colour in British and French heraldry, and contrasts with lighter metals , argent and Or . However, in the heraldry of Germany , Poland and other parts of Central Europe , sable is not infrequently placed on colour fields . As a result, a sable cross may appear on a red shield, or a sable bird may appear on a blue or a red field, as in the arms of Albania . In Hungary , for example, one can find examples of sable on gules and azure fields as early as

60-491: Is called cross-hatching . Hatching is also sometimes used to encode colours in monochromatic representations of colour images, particularly in heraldry . Hatching is especially important in essentially linear media, such as drawing , and many forms of printmaking , such as engraving , etching and woodcut . In Western art , hatching originated in the Middle Ages , and developed further into cross-hatching, especially in

72-485: Is that the quantity, thickness and spacing of the lines will affect the brightness of the overall image and emphasize forms creating the illusion of volume . Hatching lines should always follow (i.e. wrap around) the form. By increasing quantity, thickness and closeness, a darker area will result. An area of shading next to another area which has lines going in another direction is often used to create contrast . Line work can be used to represent colors, typically by using

84-727: The American National Standards Institute (ANSI) and the International Standards Organization (ISO), though there are many other predefined patterns that may be used. Thus, the hatching pattern of steel varies from that of aluminum, copper, etc. The patterns are not only for metals. Patterns for grass, gravel, brick, and others are frequently found on architectural drawings. South, Helen (2009). The Everything Drawing Book . Everything Books. ISBN   978-1-60550-446-9 . Erhard Reuwich Too Many Requests If you report this error to

96-507: The old master prints of the fifteenth century. Master ES and Martin Schongauer in engraving and Erhard Reuwich and Michael Wolgemut in woodcut were pioneers of both techniques, and Albrecht Dürer in particular perfected the technique of crosshatching in both media. Artists use the technique, varying the length, angle, closeness and other qualities of the lines, most commonly in drawing, linear painting and engraving. The main concept

108-758: The Russian sobol' , which likewise refers to the sable. Since at least the 14th century, sable has been used as a synonym for the colour black. Both sable and negro are used for black in Spanish heraldry. In Portugal, black is known as negro , and in Germany the colour is called schwarz . Sabel is the spelling used in Dutch heraldry. The different tinctures are traditionally associated with particular heavenly bodies, precious stones, virtues, and flowers, although these associations have been mostly disregarded by serious heraldists. Sable

120-429: The fifteenth century. Józef Szymański includes no fewer than seven examples of sable primary charges on either gules or azure fields out of the approximately 200 shields from this period whose blazons are known. These include the arms of Corvin , "Azure, a raven sable with a circlet or in its beak"; Kownaty, "Gules, a trumpet sable with a cord or, a Passion cross of the same issuing from its opening"; and Słońce, "Gules,

132-457: The same type of hatch to represent particular tones . For example, red might be made up of lightly spaced lines, whereas green could be made of two layers of perpendicular dense lines, resulting in a realistic image. Crosshatching is the technique of using line to shade and create value. In technical drawing , the section lining may indicate the material of a component part of an assembly. Many hatching patterns have been standardized by

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144-422: The sixteenth century in the arms of the family Kanizsai (granted in 1519): Azure, an eagle's wing sable taloned Or between a decrescent argent and a sun Or. Another early Hungarian example was granted in 1628 to the family Karomi Bornemisza: Per fess gules, an eagle displayed sable crowned Or, and azure, a buffalo's head cabossed sable maintaining in its mouth a fish (argent?) . Polish examples abound as early as

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