69-510: Dutch Marich is an American director, screenwriter, and producer. He is best known for his work on the film Horror in the High Desert . Dutch was raised in Ruth, Nevada . His debut feature film, Bleed Out , starred Nichole Cordova . His second feature film, Hunting , premiered on September 30, 2019, on Amazon Prime Video . His recent films are Infernum (2019), Reaptown (2020) and Horror in
138-598: A victims' personal information , or hate speech . Bullying or harassment can be identified by repeated behavior and an intent to harm. Tactics can also include creating or posting on fake profiles to create anonymity to spread harmful messages. Cyberbullying is in many cases an extension of already existing traditional bullying. Students who are bullied via the Internet have, in most cases, also been bullied in other more traditional ways before (e.g., physically or verbally). There are few students who are bullied exclusively over
207-481: A " cold case ". Thus, the investigation then focused on the clues that could be obtained from the truck, now considered a crime scene. Two aspects stood out; first, numerous fingerprints that did not match Gary Hinge's were found all over the truck, especially on the steering wheel. In addition, a trail of barefoot footprints, also not matching Gary's, was found. Since the John Doe's fingerprints did not match any database,
276-487: A Pew Research poll, 16% said the most recent incident had occurred in an online game. A study from National Sun Yat–sen University observed that children who enjoyed violent video games were significantly more likely to both experience and perpetrate cyberbullying. Another study that discusses the direct correlation between exposure to violent video games and cyber bullying also took into account personal factors such as "duration of playing online games, alcohol consumption in
345-490: A child is still within reach of becoming a victim of cyberbullying – whether it is through YouTube , Ask.fm , or a text message . Wherever you face, it is easy to come across Cyberbullying making it almost impossible to escape. According to a 2013 Pew Research study, eight out of ten teens who use social media now share more information about themselves than they have in the past. This includes their location, images, and contact information. In order to protect children, it
414-425: A combative person. Trolling can include insults, false news, or, terrorist threats. On Twitch and other livestreaming services, hate raids are situations where a stream is "raided" by many viewers who flood the chat with harassment and other hateful messages. This prevents the streamer from executing their stream. These viewers are typically automated bots , making it difficult to moderate and block. Spamming
483-478: A combination of most of the other methods in order to stalk someone using electronic means. This can include finding the victims location, harassing them with spam, or using sextortion. An example of this situation occurring is when Paris Deshaunte Evitt, a 30–year old from Tulsa cyberstalked one of his former partners. A news article on it states, "Between October 2018 and continuing until October 2020, Evitt used email, Facebook, and text messages to control and threaten
552-540: A detrimental impact on the victims' mental health. Research by the Pew Research Center highlights how common this issue is, finding that almost 60% of female users between the ages of 18 and 34 have received unsolicited sexual messages or photographs on dating apps. Moreover, it was found that 36% of American users of dating apps have been the victim of online abuse. Dating app users are more likely to experience hate speech and cyberbullying because of this rate, which
621-421: A form of sexual harassment, is the act of coercing a person into sharing intimate images before threatening to release them unless money is paid. It is a specific type of blackmail. The line between sexual harassment and cyberbullying is blurred. Some people will blackmail their classmates for nudes, threatening to release embarrassing information. They also use revenge porn and release nudes to get payback. This
690-575: A game or by a developer's online policies. Harassment also occurs in reaction to critics such as Jack Thompson or Anita Sarkeesian , whom some fans see as threats to the medium. Various people have been harassed in connection with the Gamergate controversy . Harassment related to gaming is not of a notably different severity or tenor compared to online harassment motivated by other subcultures or advocacy issues. Other developers have been harassed simply due to misogyny or anti–LGBTQ+ stances. A notable case
759-472: A genre that has seen a huge influx of found footage style films in recent years, it's easy for most to blend into the background. The unique mockumentary style coupled with the found footage in Horror in the High Desert makes for a memorable film that stands out among its peers." And awarded a 7/10 rating. Waylon Jordan of the iHorror portal noted that "there is a moment in every found footage film where reality takes
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#1732902747771828-632: A human-like being, but with severe physical deformities , who attacks him and the camera stops recording. Both the reporter and the private investigator speculate what or who might have attacked and killed Gary; it is mentioned that the police have made this footage public in the hope that someone in the audience might offer some additional clue, which has sparked a series of conspiracy theories linking Gary's disappearance to real or supernatural issues as diverse as Area 51 , atomic testing , local Indigenous rituals, satanic groups or extraterrestrials . However, Gal Roberts expresses serious concerns about
897-530: A person on the internet with the intention of bringing about hatred in others' minds or convincing others to dislike or participate in online denigration of a target. It may go to the extent of personally identifying victims of crime and publishing materials defaming or humiliating them. Cyberbullies may disclose victims' personal data (e.g. real name, home address, or workplace/schools) on websites or forums—called doxing , or may use impersonation , creating fake accounts, comments or sites posing as their target for
966-428: A prank. On December 28, 2017, Wichita, Kansas , police officers killed Andrew Finch at his Kansas home in a reported swatting prank. Information cascades happen when users start passing along information they assume to be true, but cannot know to be true, based on information on what other users are doing. This can be accelerated by search engines' ranking technologies and their tendency to return results relevant to
1035-452: A result of closer monitoring and involvement of online activities by parents while their children were at home. Internet trolling is a common form of bullying that takes place in an online community (such as online gaming or social media) in order to elicit a reaction or disruption, or simply just for someone's own personal amusement. Cyberstalking is another form of bullying or harassment that uses electronic communications to stalk
1104-555: A sense of "imminent danger" caused him to move away from the site and make camp away from the area. The next morning, Gary reported that he found a trail of barefoot footprints, and on the way back to his truck, he felt he was being watched, and even felt he was being followed. This publication had a lot of comments, most of them negative, where followers expressed serious doubts about Gary's account, questioning why he had not recorded anything and did not present any evidence; another large number of comments were from users demanding him to give
1173-589: A third film, Horror in the High Desert 3: Firewatch released on July 22, 2024. In February 2024, Marich confirmed fourth and fifth entries are planned and in pre-production. Cyberbullying Cyberbullying ( cyberharassment or online bullying ) is a form of bullying or harassment using electronic means. Since the 2000s, it has become increasingly common, especially among teenagers and adolescents , due to young people's increased use of social media. Related issues include online harassment and trolling . In 2015, according to cyberbullying statistics from
1242-468: A turn for the terrifying. That moment exists in Horror in the High Desert, but it doesn't come with a big bang as it often does in similar films. Instead, Marich carefully crafts a story that becomes more unsettling at times. He chooses a sense of dread over jump scares and character development over a bloated plot." On the other hand, Steve Hutchison of the Tales of Terror site criticized the slow development of
1311-440: A user's previous interests . This type of information spreading is hard to stop. Information cascades over social media and the Internet may also be harmless, and may contain truthful information. Bullies use Google bombs (a term applicable to any search engine) to increase the prominence of favored posts sorted by the most popular searches, done by linking to those posts from as many other web pages as possible. Examples include
1380-417: A victim; this may pose a credible threat to the victim. Not all negative interaction online or on social media can be attributed to cyberbullying. Research suggests that there are also interactions online that result in peer pressure , which can have a negative, positive, or neutral impact on those involved. A frequently used definition of cyberbullying is "an aggressive, intentional act or behavior that
1449-546: A week had passed since Gary had last been seen. Initially, the police conducted a search based on the last GPS location of Gary's cell phone. Local and state police were involved, as well as park rangers and even volunteer groups. A few days later, it was reported that Gary's truck had been found, 55 miles from his departure in Ruth, Nevada, at the end of a dirt road at the bottom of a small hill. This finding prompted search parties, who covered large areas on foot, by helicopter and with
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#17329027477711518-651: Is Roo Powell, who poses as a 15–year–old girl online in order to catch sex offenders targeting children. She is the star of the show "Undercover Underage," which documents her experiences exposing pedophiles and working with law enforcement. She is the founder of the nonprofit organization SOSA (Safe from Online Sex Abuse). Powell educates children on the dangers of online predators and talks to them about how to practice online safety. A majority of states have laws that explicitly include electronic forms of communication within stalking or harassment laws. Most law enforcement agencies have cyber–crime units, and Internet stalking
1587-719: Is almost twice as high as the whole American population. In addition to sexual harassment, other forms of cyberbullying and hate speech are among the most frequent forms of harassment that users of these sites report experiencing. The fundamental safety and trust that underlie online dating sites' functionality are compromised by these upsetting encounters. Victims may experience significant effects, including elevated stress and anxiety levels and, in certain cases, chronic psychological trauma. There are many famous cases of cyberbullying online (eg. Daisy Coleman ). Although most people may not realize it, some of these internet "memes" actually show cyberbullying in action. Uploaded in 2003,
1656-470: Is away from my children and I, the more time we have to try and heal and move on with our lives, if that is even possible.'" Internet trolls intentionally try to provoke or offend others in order to elicit a reaction. Trolls and cyberbullies do not always have the same goals: while some trolls engage in cyberbullying, others may be engaged in comparatively harmless mischief. A troll may be disruptive either for their own amusement or because they are genuinely
1725-507: Is carried out by a group or an individual, using electronic forms of contact, repeatedly and over time against a victim who cannot easily defend him or herself." It is to be distinguished from normal conflicts between people of comparable power or status that often also occur online. There are many variations of the definition, such as the National Crime Prevention Council 's more specific definition: "the process of using
1794-411: Is happening. A 2006 study found that 45% of teens and 30% of adolescents were cyberbullied while at school. This was linked to the reason students had access to their online devices such as cell phones or computers. Teens will say awful things to one another online and what they do not realize is that once it is said and published online it will not go away. Home used to be a safe place for teens, but now
1863-418: Is important that personal information such as age, birthday, school/church, phone number, etc. be kept confidential. Cyberbullying can also take place through the use of websites belonging to certain groups to effectively request the targeting of another individual or group. An example of this is the bullying of climate scientists and activists. Of those who reported having experienced online harassment in
1932-682: Is likely that those cyberbullied via mobile devices will experience a wider range of cyberbullying methods than those who are exclusively bullied elsewhere. Some teens argue that some events categorized as cyberbullying are simply drama. Danah Boyd writes, "teens regularly used that word [drama] to describe various forms of interpersonal conflict that ranged from insignificant joking around to serious jealousy–driven relational aggression. Whereas adults might have labeled many of these practices as bullying, teens saw them as drama." Cyberbullying can take place on social media sites such as Facebook , Myspace , and Twitter . "By 2008, 93% of young people between
2001-423: Is not mainstream within it. U.S. President Barack Obama made reference to the harassment of women gamers during his remarks in honor of Women's History Month. Competitive gaming scenes have been less welcoming of women than has broader gaming culture. In an internet-streamed fighting game competition, one female gamer forfeited a match after the coach of her team, Aris Bakhtanians, stated, "The sexual harassment
2070-471: Is one of the larger risks. One million children were harassed, threatened or subjected to other forms of cyberbullying on Facebook during the past year, while 90 percent of social–media–using teens who have witnessed online cruelty say they have ignored mean behavior on social media, and 35 percent have done so frequently. Ninety–five percent of social–media–using teens who have witnessed cruel behavior on social networking sites say they have seen others ignoring
2139-488: Is part of the culture. If you remove that from the fighting game community, it's not the fighting game community." The comments were widely condemned by gamers, with comments in support of sexual harassment "drowned out by a vocal majority of people expressing outrage, disappointment and sympathy." The incident built momentum for action to counter sexual harassment in gaming. Some game developers have been subjected to harassment and death threats by players upset by changes to
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2208-490: Is said is hurtful. The recent rise of smartphones and mobile apps have yielded a more accessible form of cyberbullying. It is expected that cyberbullying via these platforms will occur more often than through more stationary internet platforms because of constant access to the internet. In addition, the combination of cameras and Internet access and the instant availability of these modern smartphone technologies yield specific types of cyberbullying not found in other platforms. It
2277-432: Is the act of creating multiple accounts and sending messages to a target en masse. A common situation where spam can occur is after a breakup. If one partner is obsessive, they may send their ex messages on multiple platforms. This often happens despite being blocked by the recipient. The article What Can Police Do About Harassing Texts? states, "Keep in mind that harassment of any kind is illegal and includes in person, over
2346-437: Is when Sony Music 's Twitter account was hacked and posted the following statement: " Britney Spears is dead by accident! we will tell you more soon. #RIPBRITNEY." Spears was, in fact, alive and well. Doxxing is the act of disclosing a victim's personal data, such as their home address, phone number, and full name. Doxxing can happen when fans in fandoms with large fanbases often go too far when protecting their idols and enter
2415-618: The COVID-19 pandemic when many youth and adults were quarantined at home and, as a consequence, online more often than before the pandemic. For example, a study of adults published in the Journal of Social Psychology identified statistically significant increases in pro–cyberbullying attitudes as well as in cyberbullying offending behavior. However, another study involving over 6,500 Canadian youth in grades 4–12 did not find higher rates of cyberbullying involvement. The authors speculated that this might be
2484-538: The campaign for the neologism "santorum" organized by the LGBT lobby. Google bombs can manipulate the Internet's search engines regardless of how authentic the pages are, but there is a way to counteract this type of manipulation as well. Dating app users who are victims of cyberbullying encounter a range of harmful behaviors, including catfishing, the uninvited sharing of personal images, and offensive remarks. These activities not only violate personal boundaries but also have
2553-530: The High Desert (2021). As Actor Horror in the High Desert Horror in the High Desert is a 2021 American found footage film written, produced, and directed by Dutch Marich , with the mix of also being a pseudo-documentary , about the mysterious disappearance of a hiker in the High Desert region of Nevada. In the style of a documentary film, the first part focuses on the police " missing person " report of amateur hiker Gary Hinge: Toward
2622-409: The Internet, cell phones or other devices to send or post text or images intended to hurt or embarrass another person." Cyberbullying is often similar to traditional bullying, with some notable distinctions. Victims of cyberbullying may not know the identity of their bully, or why the bully is targeting them, based on the online nature of the interaction. The harassment can have wide-reaching effects on
2691-481: The Internet; these cyber victims are often physically stronger students, which causes bullies to prefer online confrontations over face–to–face contact at school. Awareness in the United States has risen in the 2010s, due in part to high-profile cases. Several US states and other countries have passed laws to combat cyberbullying. Some are designed to specifically target teen cyberbullying, while others extend from
2760-488: The ages of 12 and 17 were online. In fact, youth spend more time with media than any single other activity besides sleeping." The last decade has witnessed a surge of cyberbullying, which is categorized as bullying that occurs through the use of electronic communication technologies, such as e–mail, instant messaging, social media, online gaming, or through digital messages or images sent to a cellular phone. There are many risks attached to social media sites, and cyberbullying
2829-412: The coordinates of the place and another part of the visitors of his blog challenged him to come back. Feeling the victim of cyber-bullying and visibly affected, Gary recorded and uploaded one last video, explaining that he would not give the exact location of the mystery cabin, since he did not want to encourage inexperienced people to venture into those desert regions, and informed that he would return to
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2898-465: The end of July 2017, Gary hiked to an unspecified area in the Great Basin Desert ( Nevada ). His starting point was the town of Ruth and his target was presumably a cabin he had approached on a previous expedition. When he was two days past his estimated return date and did not return home, his housemate Simon Rodgers alerted Gary's sister, Beverly Hinge, who in turn notified the police. More than
2967-406: The entire film, given that the documentary portion absorbs too much of the film's time without providing definitive answers, "supporting almost nothing to the central narrative" and only the found footage portion generates the horror factor. He rated the film a 1.5/4. In 2023 a sequel titled Horror In The High Desert 2: Minerva was released on Prime Video. According to the film's official website
3036-496: The fact that at least 17 social media accounts have taken it upon themselves to make expeditions to the area. Additionally, one of these groups is said to have posted that they have managed to find the trail of the cabin and its mysterious occupant, and that they will reveal the results of their expedition in 2022. Because it was shot safely and socially distant at the height of the COVID-19 pandemic, no two characters appear on screen at
3105-484: The harassment that came along with it. He wants to focus on internet privacy and consent. Controversially, some internet users use cyberbullying for "ethical" means. Some reasons include justice for victims, activism, and persuading/scaring politicians. Committing moral actions for immoral causes is commonly seen in the realm of activism. Some internet users pose as children online in order to catch online predators, child sex trafficking rings and pedophiles. One such user
3174-405: The i–Safe Foundation, over half of adolescents and teens had been bullied online, and about the same number had engaged in cyberbullying. Both the bully and the victim are negatively affected, and the intensity, duration, and frequency of bullying are three aspects that increase the negative effects on both of them. Harmful bullying behavior can include posting rumors, threats , sexual remarks ,
3243-691: The last 3 months, parents drunk in the last 3 months, anger, hostility, ADHD, and a sense of belonging" as potential contributing factors of cyberbullying. Gaming was a more common venue for men in which to experience harassment, whereas women's harassment tended to occur more via social media. Most respondents considered gaming culture to be equally welcoming to both genders, though 44% thought it favored men. Sexual harassment in gaming generally involves slurs directed towards women, sex role stereotyping, and overaggressive language. Keza MacDonald writes in The Guardian that sexism exists in gaming culture , but
3312-541: The mean behavior, and 55 percent have witnessed this frequently. Terms like "Facebook depression" have been coined specifically in regard to the result of extended social media use, with cyberbullying playing a large part in this. Cyberbullying has become more common nowadays because of all the technology that children have access to. The most common apps that teenagers use to cyberbully are Instagram , Twitter, and Snapchat . Cyberbullying has become harder to stop because parents and teachers are unaware of when and where it
3381-427: The perpetrator uses electronic communications to stalk a victim. This is considered more dangerous than other forms of cyberbullying because it generally involves a credible threat to the victim's safety. Cyberstalkers may send repeated messages intended to threaten or harass, and they may encourage others to do the same, either explicitly or by impersonating their victim and asking others to contact them. This can be
3450-439: The phone, via text messages, through social media, or any other method. Some laws are in place about cyberbullying that are designed to protect the public from this happening." Impersonation is the act of pretending be another person. If the offender pretends to be the victim, they may say or do things to hurt the victim's reputation. This can include hacking into a Twitter account and spreading disinformation. One famous example
3519-444: The police found themselves at a dead end. In parallel, Bill Salerno started digging into Gary's social networks and Gal Roberts finds a promising clue in the video blog where Gary used to post his hiking and survival adventures, under the alias "Scorpion Sam". The hiker had some 50,000 followers, a fact unknown to his family and people close to him. Several of his readers believe they have some idea about Gary's final whereabouts, and that
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#17329027477713588-404: The previous time. Suddenly, he hears chanting that seems to be a human voice, although it seems distorted. Once he finds the cabin, Gary confirms that it is the same one he saw earlier. While filming the outside of the cabin, Gary detects a human silhouette moving towards him. Being very careful not to make noise on the rocky ground, Gary tries to move away from the site, but is eventually spotted by
3657-513: The purpose of publishing material in their name that defames, discredits or ridicules them. This can leave the cyberbully anonymous, which can make it difficult for them to be caught or punished for their behavior, although not all cyberbullies maintain their anonymity. Users of semi–anonymous chat websites are at high risk for cyberbullying, as it is also easy in this outlet for a cyberbully to remain anonymous. Text or instant messages and emails between friends can also constitute cyberbullying if what
3726-487: The question about his final destination could be related to some of his publications. In the next to last of the published videos, Gary appears in frame from his home, narrating a very unusual experience, which had left him very disturbed: In his last excursion, he had been walking for three days in an unknown area, when he noticed the smell of smoke. Following that trail, he found a dilapidated-looking cabin, as if abandoned, but with smoke coming out of an old chimney. However,
3795-460: The realm of cyberbullying. Extreme fans of the K-pop music genre sometimes dox fans of rival music groups. This specifically was shown in an incident where fans of the group Blackpink doxxed the owner of a Twice fan account, sending him to a hospital. This is allegedly because a Twice member disrespected a Blackpink member. Online sexual harassment is considered a form of cyberbullying. Sextortion,
3864-515: The same time and all interviews in the documentary were conducted via Zoom sessions. As an independent production, the film has gotten limited distribution, primarily through video-on-demand platforms. The film had a special mention, within the found footage category, in The Last Journo portal's list of "The Best Horror Films of 2021". Jamie Lawler reported for the Horror Buzz site that "in
3933-555: The scope of physical harassment. In cases of adult cyberharassment, these reports are usually filed beginning with local police. The laws differ by area or state. Research has demonstrated a number of serious consequences of cyberbullying victimisation . Specific statistics on the negative effects of cyberbullying differ by country and other demographics. Some researchers point out there could be some way to use modern computer techniques to determine and stopping cyberbullying. Other research has suggested an uptick in cyberbullying during
4002-446: The sender. It may also include public actions such as repeated threats , sexual remarks, pejorative labels (i.e. hate speech ) or defamatory false accusations, ganging up on a victim by making the person the subject of ridicule in online forums, hacking into or vandalizing sites about a person, and posting false statements as fact aimed a discrediting or humiliating a targeted person. Cyberbullying could be limited to posting rumors about
4071-475: The site, accompanied by his video camera and a gun for protection. Several weeks after the truck was found and search and rescue efforts were completed, a group of hikers in White Pine County reported that a backpack, which turned out to be the property of Gary Hinge, had been left at their campsite. Upon checking the contents of the backpack, aside from Gary's belongings and identification, his severed hand
4140-537: The star of the video, Ghyslain Raza (a 9th grader at the time) is shown messing around and waving around a golf ball retriever as if it is a real Jedi lightsaber. He was helping his friend parody the movie Star Wars . The video was uploaded to YouTube several months later by Raza's classmates without his knowledge or permission. The video blew up and because one of the first viral internet memes. The video accumulated 900 million views. Despite trying to protect his privacy, Raza
4209-418: The use of drones . None of the groups were able to find any trace or indication of Gary's location. When several more days passed without any news, the police terminated the search, as they considered that the chances of finding Gary alive were already practically nil, due to the fact that he used to travel with minimal supplies, water and equipment, which left him at the mercy of the weather (the hottest time of
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#17329027477714278-416: The victim, as the content used to harass the victim can be spread and shared easily among many people and often remains accessible long after the initial incident. The terms " cyberharassment " and "cyberbullying" are sometimes used synonymously, though some people use the latter to refer specifically to harassment among minors or in a school setting . Cyberstalking is a form of online harassment in which
4347-532: The victim. However, his abuse of the victim had started years before. Between 2012 and 2019, Evitt was convicted on 5 different occasions for physically abusing the victim including strangulation, assault, and interfering with reporting. Evitt was also on state supervision at the time of the current offenses." "(The unidentified victim) explained that Evitt had destroyed her sense of security and became emotional when she discussed Evitt's statement that he would rather see her dead than happy. She also stated, 'the longer he
4416-427: The year) and other dangers, such as the local fauna or the fact that there are multiple abandoned mining pits in the area. As time went by, the media stopped reporting on it. Subsequently, Beverly hired a private investigator, William 'Bill' Salerno, so that the case would not be abandoned. A reporter from a local media outlet, Gal Roberts, decided to convince her editor to keep on top of the story, lest it be forgotten as
4485-435: Was found, still holding his video camera. Forensic analysis revealed that the hand had been severed from the victim while he was still alive, within a period of no more than five weeks. When authorities examined the memory card inserted into the camera, they discovered what happened to Gary on one fateful night. The footage found reveals that Gary was indeed able to find his way back to the mystery cabin; his first video entry
4554-436: Was mocked both online and in real life. He was body shamed, doxxed, and told to commit suicide, among other things. Students at school leaped onto tables to mock him, and his video was parodied on multiple shows including South Park . Raza had to move schools multiple times, and became homeschooled. He was harassed for years over a video he did not upload. Today, he is working on a documentary talking about his internet fame and
4623-414: Was recorded at dusk, mentioning that he had been on the road for a day and a half and was sure of the route. Subsequently, he finds various markers he had left from his previous visit. Next, the following recordings consist of video fragments all recorded under infrared light , starting with Gary talking very frightened; he comments that he is already very close to the cabin and that he can smell smoke, as in
4692-520: Was the case when a 16–year–old student of W.F. West High School in Chehalis exploited more than 100 victims, many of which were his classmates. He owned over 900 photos and videos of victims. Research has identified basic guidelines to help recognize and deal with what is regarded as abuse of electronic communications. Cyberbullying can be as simple as continuing to send emails or text messages harassing someone who has said they want no further contact with
4761-502: Was the death of "Near", the developer of Higan , a console emulator, who took their own life after becoming the subject to ridicule from members of the online Kiwi Farms board following their announcement of being nonbinary. Sabotage among rival crowdfunding campaigns is a recurring problem for projects related to gaming. Some instances of swatting in games such as Call of Duty and League of Legends have resulted in law enforcement SWAT units called on individuals' homes as
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