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68-499: Durangaldea is located at the southeast of the province of Biscay , limiting with the provinces of Gipuzkoa and Álava . It spans the territory between Oiz mountain and the border with the province of Álava in the south. Its total area is 240.13 square kilometres (92.71 sq mi). Most of the towns that compose the comarca are located on a great valley formed by the Ibaizabal river, that crosses it from east to west. Otxandio

136-698: A distant kinsman with a maternal descent from the earlier Lords. He would subsequently succeed to his father's Kingdom of Castile, and from that time the Lordship remained bound to the Castilian kingdom, and from the reign of Charles I , to the Spanish crown. However, the Lordship maintained a high degree of autonomy, through the Biscayan law, or fueros . In 1874, after the abolishment of the First Spanish Republic and

204-524: A few nearby villages. As the fascist army advanced westward from Navarre, defenses were planned and erected around Bilbao, called the Iron Belt. But the engineer in charge, José Goicoechea , defected to the Nationalists, causing the unfinished defenses to be of little value. In 1937, German airplanes under Franco's control destroyed the historic city of Gernika , after having bombed Durango with less severity

272-691: A few weeks before. Some months later, Bilbao fell to the fascists. The Basque army ( Eusko Gudarostea ) retreated to Santoña, beyond the limits of Biscay. There they surrendered to the Italian forces ( Santoña Agreement ), but the Italians yielded to Franco. Other Republican forces considered the surrender a betrayal by the Basques. Under the dictatorship of Franco, Biscay and Gipuzkoa (exclusively) were declared "traitor provinces" because of their opposition and stripped of any sort of self-rule. Only after Franco's death in 1975

340-471: A horse, Pardalo, with whom he frees his father and is subsequently successful in all his battles. The later lords are said to have made sacrifices at Busturia in thanks for these events, their failure to do so resulting in attacks on the lords and townsmen by a mysterious knight. A better known but equally mythical story appears in the Bienandanzas e Fortunas of Lope García de Salazar (1454). In this story,

408-399: A less important source of protein, as the people relied on sheep, goats and some bovine cattle. Metallic tools become more common but stone-made ones are also used. Pottery types shows great continuity (not decorated) until the bell beaker makes its appearance. The sites of this period now cover all the territory of Biscay, many being open air settlements, but the most important caves of

476-513: A man named Çuria is born from the union of the god Sugaar and a Scottish (or in other versions, Irish, Danish or Frankish) princess in the village of Mundaka . Çuria was the elected chief of the Biscayans before the victorious battle of Arrigorriaga against the invading forces of the Kingdom of Asturias . Tradition holds that before the battle he saw two wolves carrying lambs in their mouths, presaging

544-924: A representation in the Juntas Generales . All these regions were governed by the Biscayan law, or fuero. There were five de facto elizates, who did not belong to any merindad nor have any representation in the Juntas. Those were Alonsotegi , Arakaldo , Basauri , Zaratamo and Zollo . There were 21 walled cities and towns, all founded during the Middle Ages . They were the towns of Balmaseda , Bermeo , Bilbao , Durango , Ermua , Gernika , Lanestosa , Lekeitio , Markina , Ondarroa , Otxandio , Portugalete , Plentzia , Mungia , Areatza , Errigoiti , Larrabetzu , Gerrikaitz , Miraballes , Elorrio and Urduña . There towns had their own municipal charter or carta puebla , with their own set of laws different from those of

612-471: A second Ínigo Esquira, this time representing the first authentic Lord of Biscay, the 11th-century Íñigo López . This tale of Çuria would further develop into the legend of Jaun Zuria ( the White Lord ) of Biscay, treated as a historical figure perhaps identical to Froom by 19th century historians. The 16th-century historian Gonzalo Argote de Molina tells of other legendary lords of Biscay, and in this he

680-605: A semi-autonomous region, controlled by the Kingdom of Pamplona (later, Navarre ) and had its own Foral law, and celebrated its own council mettings in Gerediaga. In 1200 it was conquered by the Kingdom of Castile, and in 1212 Alfonso VIII of Castile gives the land to Diego López II de Haro , Lord of Biscay, as a reward for his services in the Battle of Las Navas de Tolosa , being then incorporated into Biscay. The Merindad of Durango comprised

748-649: A war over control of the Kingdom of Navarre . Count Íñigo López , lord of Biscay surrendering the fortress of Bilibio to the Leonese, which aided in their conquest of La Rioja . In exchange, the Leonese monarchs promised to support Íñigo's personal interests in Durangaldea , Gipuzkoa and Álava . Íñigo died in 1077, and his son, Lope Íñiguez became Lord of Biscay , now as vassal of the Kingdom of Castile . The lordship would be later inherited by his son, Diego López I de Haro , who served as Lord of Biscay until 1134 when he

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816-581: Is a Biscayan exclave located between Alava and Burgos provinces. The climate is oceanic , with high precipitation all year round and moderate temperatures, which allow the lush vegetation to grow. Temperatures are more extreme in the higher lands of inner Biscay, where snow is more common during winter. The average high temperatures in main city Bilbao is between 13 °C (55 °F) in January and 26 °C (79 °F) in August. The main geographical features of

884-528: Is a province of the Basque Autonomous Community , heir of the ancient Lordship of Biscay , lying on the south shore of the eponymous bay . The capital and largest city is Bilbao . Biscay is one of the most renowned and prosperous provinces of Spain, historically a major trading hub in the Atlantic Ocean since medieval times and, later on, one of the largest industrial and financial centers of

952-425: Is divided into twelve municipalities, of which Durango is the capital city. The municipalities that compose the comarca are the same ones that made the merindad of Durango, the previous administrative division. Their areas and populations are set out below. Ermua and Mallabia belong to the province of Biscay , but administratively are not part of Durangaldea, being part of another comarca, Debabarrena , which

1020-560: Is dominated in Biscay by the Azilian culture. Tools become smaller and more refined and, while hunting remains, fishing and seafood gathering become more important; there is evidence of consumption of wild fruits as well. Santimamiñe is one of the most important sites of this period. Others are Arenaza , Atxeta (not far from Santimamiñe), Lumentxa and nearby Urtiaga and Santa Catalina, together with Bolinkoba and neighbour Silibranka . While

1088-435: Is followed by several 17th and 18th century historians. They name a Hudon (or Eudon), the son of a Duke of Cantabria, who became lord of Biscay and who had a son named Zeno who succeeded him in the title. Hudon and Zeno are variously placed at different dates ranging from the mid-8th century to the late 9th century, and while the precise details differ in the different accounts, they are described as being related by marriage to

1156-416: Is mentioned again in the 10th-century Códice de Roda , which narrates the wedding between Velazquita, daughter of Sancho I of Pamplona , to Munio Velaz , Count of Álava , in Biscay. It is considered then, that Biscay was by this period controlled by the Kingdom of Navarre . In 1076, after the assassination of Sancho IV of Navarre , Alfonso VI of León and Castile and Sancho Ramírez of Aragón fought

1224-493: Is part of Gipuzkoa . The economy of Durangaldea is mainly industrial, although the primary sector is also important. It is the second most important sector of the economy in the region after the industry. The animal husbandry is specially important, as well as the wood production. The minery is also an important section of the economy, currently being produced limestone and marble . Mines of iron , lead and copper have also been exploited. The siderurgy has been one of

1292-520: Is recorded in 1070 in a donation act to the monastery of Bickaga , located on the ria of Mundaka. It is considered then, that Biscay was by this period controlled by the Kingdom of Navarre . It then became autonomous and finally a part of the Crown of Castile , as the Lordship of Biscay . In the modern age , the province became a major commercial and industrial area. Its prime harbour of Bilbao soon became

1360-627: Is the only town that belongs to Durangaldea but is not part of the valley. Durangaldea (also known by its Spanish name, Duranguesado) was during the Middle Ages a district apart from Biscay (the Señorío ) and a dependency of Navarre, but was conquered by Castile in 1200. It remained separate from Biscay until 1630, and it held its own compilation of laws, with its regional council joining in Gerediaga, Abadiño . Its lords founded four chartered towns, namely Ermua, Elorrio , Durango, and Otxandio . Durangaldea

1428-603: The Bay of Biscay and of the first unstable settlement by Europeans in Newfoundland . They signed separate treaties with other powers, particularly England. After the Napoleonic wars , Biscay, along with the other Basque provinces, were threatened to have their self-rule cut by the now Liberal Spanish Cortes . Together with opposing factions that supported different parties for the throne, this desire to maintain foral rights contributed to

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1496-848: The French border . EuskoTren also operates in the region, offering commuter rail services. The train line connects with Bilbao and other comarcas of the province and also with Gipuzkoa . EuskoTren has train stations in Abadiño , Amorebieta-Etxano , Berriz , Durango and Zaldibar . The bus company BizkaiBus also operates in the region, connecting all the municipalities with others on different comarcas. 43°09′34″N 2°37′16″W  /  43.15944°N 2.62111°W  / 43.15944; -2.62111 Biscay Biscay ( / ˈ b ɪ s k eɪ , ˈ b ɪ s k i / BISK -ay, BISK -ee ; Basque : Bizkaia [bis̻kai.a] ; Spanish: Vizcaya [biθˈkaʝa] ) or Bizkaia ,

1564-565: The Iberian Peninsula . Since the extensive deindustrialization that took place throughout the 1970s, the economy has come to rely more on the services sector . It is accepted in linguistics ( Koldo Mitxelena , etc.) that Bizkaia is a cognate of bizkar (cf. Biscarrosse in Aquitaine ), with both place-name variants well attested in the whole Basque Country and out meaning 'low ridge' or 'prominence' ( Iheldo bizchaya attested in 1141 for

1632-543: The King of Pamplona and to Jaun Zuria . As with Froom and Çuria, there is no historical basis for these men. The first time the name Biscay is mentioned (in the forms Bizkai and Bizcai ) is in the Chronicle of Alfonso III in the late 9th century, which tells of the regions repopulated under orders of Alfonso I , and how some territories "owned by their own", among them Biscay, were not affected by these repopulations. Biscay

1700-502: The Melusine legend, is that of the Lady of Biscay ( La Dama de Viscaya ), a beautiful stranger found in the countryside by Lord Diego López. She joins him only when he agrees to certain conditions, but he later violates these and she flees into the country with their daughter. Diego López is subsequently captured by Moors, and their son Enheguez Guerra seeks out his mother for help. She gives him

1768-784: The Second Spanish Republic , the Basque Nationalist Party (PNV) governed the province. When the Spanish Civil War broke out in 1936, Biscay supported the Republican side against Francisco Franco 's army and ideology. Soon after, the Republic acknowledged a statute of autonomy for the Basque Country. Due to fascist control of large parts of it, the first short-lived Basque Autonomous Community had power only over Biscay and

1836-579: The Wayback Machine . In the late Roman period, together with the rest of the Basque Country, Biscay seems to have revolted against Roman domination and the growing society organized by feudalism . In the Early Middle Ages , the history of Biscay cannot be separated from that of the Basque Country as a whole. The area was de facto independent although Visigoths and Franks attempted to assert their domination from time to time. Encounters between

1904-552: The fueros . The region known as Enkarterri ( Encartaciones in Spanish ) is located at the west of the River Nervión and was incorporated into the Lordship in the 13th century by the House of Haro . It was traditionally formed by 10 republics, that were united in councils, each with its own representation and government. Enkarterri had its own junta and fueros , but eventually adopted

1972-570: The 1850s extensive prime quality iron resources were discovered in Biscay. This brought much foreign investment mainly from England and France. Development of these resources led to greater industrialization, which made Biscay one of Spain's richest provinces. Together with the industrialisation , important bourgeois families, such as Ybarra, Chávarri and Lezama-Leguizamón , developed from the new sources of wealth. The great industrial ( Iberdrola , Altos Hornos de Vizcaya ) and financial ( Banco Bilbao Vizcaya Argentaria - BBVA) groups were created. During

2040-458: The 2010 INE census, Biscay had a population of 1,155,772 and a population density of 519.9 inhabitants/km , only surpassed by the one of Madrid and Barcelona . In 1981 Biscay was the fifth Spanish province in population, and despite the strong demographic crisis the province has been living since the Transition it is today the ninth province in population. A 2021 survey found that 30.6% of

2108-457: The Battler, García Ramírez and Sancho VI . During that time, Lope Díaz I de Haro claimed the title of Lord of Biscay, though he never set foot on the land during his lifetime. In 1173 Alfonso VIII of Castile attacked the Kingdom of Navarre and, a year later with the death of Vela Ladrón, occupied Biscay and restored the House of Haro : Diego López II de Haro was named Lord of Biscay. In 1176

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2176-570: The Caristian territory, with an exception of the areas that have lost the old language. There is no indication to resistance to Roman occupation in all the Basque area (excepting Aquitaine ) until the late feudalizing period. Roman sources mention several towns in the area, Flaviobriga and Portus Amanus, though they have not been located. The site of Forua , near Gernika , has yielded archaeological evidence of Roman presence [1] Archived 12 March 2007 at

2244-501: The Crown of Castile. It was conditioned on the lord swearing to defend and maintain the fuero (Biscayan laws, derived from Navarrese and Basque customary rights), which affirmed that the possessors of the sovereignty of the lordship were the Biscayans and that, at least in theory, they could refute the lord. The lords and later the kings, came to swear the Statutes to the oak of Gernika , where

2312-596: The General Regiment's absence. It was formed by all the regidores that lived in Bilbao . It served as the fundamental political institution of the Lordship during the 18th century. In 1645 the Particular Regiment changed its name to Diputación General and were granted autonomy from the General Regiment. It was formed by seven members; six general members and one president, who was the corregidor . Its function

2380-574: The King of England , who had expelled him from his kingdom. Froom along with his son, Fortun Froes, defeat the Asturians in Busturia . Froom is killed in battle; his son was named the first Lord of Biscay. The Count of Barcelos then lists six additional mythical lords before he comes to Lope, the historical late-11th century lord, Lope Íñiguez . A notable story among these accounts, which bears some resemblance to

2448-495: The Lord of Biscay, the lordship was integrated into the Crown of Castile , and eventually the Kingdom of Spain . The first explicit reference to the foundation of the Biscayan lordship is in the Livro de Linhagens , written between 1323 and 1344 by Pedro Afonso, Count of Barcelos . It is an entirely legendary account. The book narrates the arrival in Biscay of a man named Froom, a brother of

2516-623: The Monte Igueldo in San Sebastián ). Bizkaia is the official name, and it is used on official documents and national media. It is also the name used in the Basque version of the Spanish constitution , and of the Statute of Autonomy of the Basque Country . Bizkaia is the only official name in Spanish or Basque approved for the historical territory by the General Council of the province and

2584-589: The Navarrese monarchy and he ruled Biscay until 1183. The Lords of Biscay were vassals of the Kingdom of Navarre until 1206, when the Haro family were given the title of alférez at the Castilian court, and thereafter Biscay was in the area of influence of the Castilian kingdom, though it would not be wholly integrated into it until much later. The Lordship of Biscay was in the hands of the Haro family and their descendants through 1370, when it passed to prince Juan of Castile ,

2652-517: The Paleolithic are still in use as well. Few sites have been identified for this period. Caves are abandoned for the most part but they still reveal some remains. The main caves of prehistory (Arenaza, Santimamiñe, Lumentxa) were still inhabited. Roman geographers identified two tribes in the territory now known as Biscay: the Caristii and Autrigones . The Caristii dwelt in nuclear Biscay, east of

2720-588: The Somorrostro Valley ( Santurtzi , Sestao and Trapagaran ) and The Four Councils of the Somorrostro Valley ( Muskiz , Zierbena , Abanto de Suso and Abanto de Yuso ). The region known as the County of Durango ( Merindad de Durango in Spanish) and currently known as Durangaldea is a valley located along the upper river Ibaizabal and had the traditional name of Merindad of Durango . Durango and its valley were

2788-717: The Spanish laws. Vizcaya is the hispanized modulation for the given name, used in non-official documents, as recommended by the Royal Spanish Academy . It is also the co-official name used in the Spanish version of the Constitution, and of the Statute of Autonomy of the Basque Country. Biscay has been inhabited since the Middle Paleolithic , as attested by the archaeological remains and cave paintings found in its many caves. The Roman presence had little impact in

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2856-572: The Visigoths and Basques usually led to defeat for the latter. The Visigoths established an outlying post at the later city of Vitoria to counter incursions and the migration of Basques from the coastal regions to the north. In 905, Leonese chronicles define for the first time the Kingdom of Pamplona as including all the western Basque provinces , as well as the Rioja region. The territories that would later constitute Biscay were included in that state. In

2924-498: The advances adopted seem limited initially to sheep, domestic goats and very scarce pottery . Together with Neolithic technologies, Megalithism also arrives. It will be the most common form of burial (simple dolmen ) until c.  1500 BCE . While open-air settlement started to become common as the population grew, they still used caves and natural shelters in Biscay in the Chalcolithic and Bronze Age . Hunting game became

2992-527: The assembly of the Lordship sits. In the modern ages commerce took on great importance, specially for the Port of Bilbao , to which the kings granted privileges in 1511 for trade with the ports of the Spanish Empire . Bilbao was already the main Castilian harbour, from where wool was shipped to Flanders , and other goods were imported. In 1628, the separate territory of Durango was incorporated to Biscay. In

3060-525: The beginning of the Restoration , Alfonso XII abolished the Biscayan law and Juntas Generales ; putting the Lordship to an end. Since then, Biscay has been fully integrated into the Spanish crown as the province of Biscay . Tierra Llana (literally, flatlands) refers to the territory that was not protected by stone walls, that is, mostly rural areas and farms . This territory was organized into 72 elizates , grouped in six merindades . Each elizate had

3128-453: The city of Urduina . It is unclear when this happened, but tradition says that Iñigo López was the first Lord of Biscay in 1043. The title to the lordship was inherited by Iñigo López's descendants until, by inheritance, in 1370 it passed to John I of Castile . It became one of the titles of the king of Castile. Since then it remained connected to the crown, first to that of Castile and then, from Charles I , to that of Spain , as ruler of

3196-538: The conflicts that the newly sovereign Kingdom of Castile and Pamplona/Navarre had in the 11th and 12th century, the Castilians were supported by many landowners from La Rioja, who sought to consolidate their holdings under Castilian feudal law. These pro-Castilian lords were led by the house of Haro , who were eventually granted the rule of newly created Biscay, initially made up of the valleys of Uribe , Busturia , Markina , Zornotza and Arratia , plus several towns and

3264-427: The first evidences of Neolithic contact in the Basque Country can be dated to the 4th millennium BCE, it was not until the beginning of the 3rd that the area accepted, gradually and without radical changes, the advances of agricultural cultivation and domestication of sheep. Biscay was not particularly affected by this change and only three sites can be mentioned for this period: Arenaza, Santimamiñe and Kobeaga (Ea) and

3332-539: The firth of Bilbao, extending also into Northern Araba and some areas of Gipuzkoa , up to the river Deba. The Autrigones dwelt in the westernmost part of Biscay and Araba, extending also into the provinces of Cantabria , Burgos and La Rioja . Based in toponymy, historical and archaeological evidence, it is thought that these tribes spoke the Basque language . The borders of the Biscayan dialect of Basque seem to be those of

3400-448: The following elizates : Abadiño , Berriz , Mallabia , Mañaria , Iurreta , Garai , Zaldibar , Arratzola , Axpe , Atxondo , Izurtza and Elorrio . The Biscayan Juntas Generales were the maximum governing body of the Lordship; in the Juntas were represented all the Biscayan territories. There were in total 72 representatives; each elizate had one, the towns and cities had one each. The Regimiento General (General Regiment)

3468-519: The following: Paleolithic art is also present. The Benta Laperra cave has the oldest paintings, maybe from the Aurignacian or Solutrean period. Bison and bear are the animals depicted, together with abstract signs. The murals of Arenaza (Galdames) and Santimamiñe were created in later periods (Magdalenian). In Arenaza female deer are the dominant motif; Santimamiñe features bison, horses, goats and deer. This period (also called Mesolithic sometimes)

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3536-533: The foral law was amended to extend it to the towns and the city of Urduina, which had previously always used the general Spanish Civil law . Biscay is bordered by the community of Cantabria and the province of Burgos (in the Castile and León community) to the west, the Basque provinces of Gipuzkoa to the east, and Álava to the south, and by the Cantabrian Sea ( Bay of Biscay ) to the north. Orduña ( Urduña )

3604-471: The forms Bizkai and Bizcai ) is in the Chronicle of Alfonso III in the late 9th century, which tells of the regions repopulated under orders of Alfonso I , and how some territories "owned by their own", among them Biscay, were not affected by these repopulations. Biscay is mentioned again in the 10th-century Códice de Roda , which narrates the wedding between Velazquita, daughter of Sancho I of Pamplona , to Munio Velaz , Count of Álava , in Biscay. It

3672-463: The kingdoms of Navarre and Castile signed a declaration of peace, agreeing to arbitration by Henry II of England . New borders were delimited and ratified in 1179. Biscay was divided, with the left bank of the River Nervión becoming part of Castile, while the rest of Biscay, Durangaldea and Álava (east from the Bayas River ) were retained by Navarre. Diego López II, Lord of Biscay, swore fealty to

3740-588: The main Castilian gateway to Europe. Later, in the 19th and 20th centuries, the abundance of prime quality iron ore and the lack of feudal castes favored rapid industrialization. The first evidence of human dwellings ( Neanderthal people) in Biscay happens in this period of prehistory. Mousterian artifacts have been found in three sites in Biscay: Benta Laperra (Karrantza), Kurtzia (Getxo) and Murua (Durangoaldea). The most important settlements by anotomically modern humans ( H. sapiens ) can be considered

3808-526: The most developed type of industries in Durangaldea. Besides it, other industries like paper producers or tool producers also exist. Durangaldea is connected to the three Basque provinces by roads, Álava in the south by the BI-623 and Bilbao and Donostia by the road N-634 . The Cantabric Highway also crosses the comarca , and can be accessed from Durango and connects the city with Bilbao , Donostia and

3876-510: The ones from Vizcaya. Their representatives held councils in Avellaneda . A single common representative of all of them assisted the Biscayan Juntas Generales. In the 17th century, five of the councils got their own representative in the Juntas. In 1804, the Junta of Avellaneda was dissolved and its councils incorporated into the Tierra Llana . The Enkarterri had the following councils: Karrantza , Trutzioz , Artzentales , Sopuerta , Galdames , Zalla , Güeñes , Gordexola , The Three Councils of

3944-563: The population spoke the Basque language . The government and foral institutions of Biscay, as a historical territory of the Basque Country are the Juntas Generales de Vizcaya and the Foral Diputation of Biscay. The Juntas Generales of Biscay are a unicameral assembly that has normative authority in the province. Its members, called apoderados , are elected by universal suffrage . The elections are held every four years. Lordship of Biscay The Lordship of Biscay ( Spanish : Señorío de Vizcaya , Basque : Bizkaiko jaurerria )

4012-439: The province are: Historically, Biscay was divided into merindades (called eskualdeak in Basque ), which were two, the Constituent ones and the ones incorporated later. The constituent ones were ( the number indicates their position on the map ): Incorporated later: Currently, Biscay is divided into seven comarcas or regions, each one with its own capital city, subdivisions and municipalities. These are: According to

4080-420: The region, and the Basque language and traditions have survived to this day. According to Anton Erkoreka, the Vikings had a commercial base there from which they were expelled by 825. Mundaka is likely a Viking name, and the ria of Mundaka is the easiest route to the river Ebro and at the end of it, the Mediterranean Sea and trade. The first time Biscay is mentioned with that name (in Latin in

4148-432: The same century the so-called chartered municipalities west of Biscay were also incorporated in different dates, becoming another subdivision of Biscay: Encartaciones (Enkarterriak). The coastal towns had a sizable fleet of their own, mostly dedicated to fishing and trade. Along with other Basque towns of Gipuzkoa and Labourd , they were largely responsible for the partial extinction of North Atlantic right whales in

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4216-417: The successive Carlist Wars . The Biscayan government and other Basque provinces supported Carlos V , who represented an autocratic monarch who would preserve tradition. Many of the towns though, notably Bilbao, were aligned with the Liberal government of Madrid . In the end, with victory by anti-Carlists, the wars resulted in successive cuts of the wide autonomy held by Biscay and the other provinces. In

4284-575: The victory; this scene is reflected in the arms of the lords of Biscay of the House of Haro . García de Salazar proceeds to give Çuria two sons by different mothers, Munso López (perhaps representing the historical Munio Velaz of the early 10th century) and Ínigo Esquira (an onomastic twin of 'Enheguez Guerra' from the line given by the Count of Barcelos, the byname apparently akin to the Basque ezker and ezkerti – 'left' and 'left handed' respectively ), who are followed by further apocryphal lords, Lope Díaz and Sancho López, before García de Salazar names

4352-400: Was democracy restored in Spain . The 1978 constitution accepted the particular Basque laws ( fueros ) and in 1979 the Statute of Guernica was approved whereupon Biscay, Araba and Gipuzkoa formed the Autonomous Community of the Basque Country with its own parliament. During this recent democratic period, Basque Nationalist Party candidates have consistently won elections in Biscay. Recently

4420-479: Was a region under feudal rule in the region of Biscay in the Iberian Peninsula between c. 1040 and 1876, ruled by a political figure known as the Lord of Biscay. One of the Basque señoríos , it was a territory with its own political organization, with its own naval ensign , consulate in Bruges and customs offices in Balmaseda and Urduña , from the 11th century until 1876, when the Juntas Generales were abolished. Since 1379, when John I of Castile became

4488-403: Was defeated and probably killed by Alfonso the Battler , King of Aragón and Navarre. The Lordship was then reintegrated into Navarre and Ladrón Íñiguez , one of the most powerful men of the Navarrese court, was named Lord of Biscay. After his death, in 1155, his son Vela Ladrón , who at the time was also Lord of Álava and Guipúzcoa, became Lord of Biscay and ruled through the reigns of Alfonso

4556-416: Was established in 1500 and had the function of governing the territory when the Juntas were not meeting. It was formed by 12 regidores that were named by the Juntas and one corregidor . The regiment meet three times each year, and eventually got the name of Universal government of the Lordship . The Regimiento Particular (Particular Regiment) was established in 1570 and had the function of governing in

4624-409: Was to govern the Juntas Generales , the Diputación had competences in military and financial issues, as well as the maintenance of the roads and charities. The Lord of Biscay is the title that was granted to those who controlled the Biscayan territory. House of Haro House of Vela House of Haro (restored) House of Burgundy House of Lara House of Burgundy/ Trastamara With

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