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46-427: Local stories said it is named after a noted Subanen chieftain, " Dumi " and his wife, " Ingag ". Another supposed origin of the name tells about the native fellow who was asked by a government agent as to what the name of the place was while watching a cockfight. After the game was over, the stranger inquired about the name of the place. The native curtly replied: " Duminag! " meaning "I won". The government agent misheard

92-601: A Communist rebellion in the Philippines to Mindanao for the first time. Dumingag became the site of a significant event during this period on February 12, 1982. Members of the Ilaga militia killed 12 persons in Dumingag, Zamboanga del Sur , allegedly to avenge the death of their leader, who they believed had been killed by the NPA . Dumingag is the northernmost town of Zamboanga del Sur, and

138-510: A furor in the Moro community, and ethnic tensions encouraged with the formation of secessionist movements. Additionally, an economic crisis in late 1969, violent crackdowns on student protests in 1970, and 1971, and eventually the declaration of Martial Law all led to the radicalization of many students. Many of them left schools in Manila and joined New People's Army units in their home provinces, bringing

184-719: A municipal mayor for four terms. He acquired his primary education in his native town Talibon, then took his secondary education in Cebu Provincial High School , now Abellana National School, both at the top of his class. Initially, he pursued his college education at Silliman University in Dumaguete , Negros Oriental , and later studied at the Philippine Law School , then the College of Law of National University , where he earned his law degree in 1923 and later, where he

230-632: A past president would imply that Macario Sakay and Miguel Malvar y Carpio should also be included. Miguel Malvar y Carpio continued Emilio Aguinaldo 's leadership of the First Philippine Republic after the latter's capture until his own capture in 1902. Macario Sakay revived the Tagalog Republic in 1902 as a continuation of Bonifacio's Katipunan. They are both considered by some scholars as "unofficial presidents". Along with Bonifacio, Malvar and Sakay are not recognized as presidents by

276-403: A total of five people have handled the position of municipal mayor. They are Isidoro Y. Real, Sr (1957-1978), Julian C. Kho (1978-1986), Domeciano Y. Real (1986-1998), Edgardo J. Jamero (1998-2007), and Nacianceno M. Pacalioga, Jr., who's currently the mayor now. Of all the mayors who served the position, Isidro Y. Real, Sr. is widely considered to be the municipality's father and builder, him being

322-413: Is being given to Filipino artists, scientists, historians, and writers. At the end of his second term, he ran for re–election in the presidential elections of November 14, 1961 , but was defeated by Vice President Diosdado Macapagal , who belonged to the rival Liberal Party . After his failed re-election bid, Garcia retired to Tagbilaran to resume life as a private citizen. On June 1, 1971, Garcia

368-461: Is located in the heartlands of the Zamboanga peninsula. It is north-west of the fertile Salug Valley and its land boundaries are the municipality of Sergio Osmeña, Sr. of Zamboanga del Norte in the north, the municipality of Mahayag in the east, the municipalities of Sominot and Midsalip in the south, and the municipality of Siayan in the west. Dumingag is classified as a 3rd class municipality and, as of

414-672: The 1953 presidential election . He then served as vice president from 1953 to 1957. After the death of Magsaysay in March 1957, he succeeded to the presidency. He won a full term in the 1957 presidential election . He ran for a second full term as president in the 1961 presidential election and was defeated by Vice President Diosdado Macapagal . Garcia was born in Talibon, Bohol , Philippines on November 4, 1896, to Policronio Garcia and Ambrosia Polestico, who were both natives of Bangued , Abra . Garcia grew up with politics, with his father serving as

460-628: The Congress of the Philippines , finally, approved a bill outlawing the Philippine Communist Party . Despite the pressure exerted against the congressional measure, Garcia signed the aforementioned bill into law as Republic Act No. 1700 or the Anti-Subversion Act on June 19, 1957. The act was superseded by Presidential Decree No. 885, entitled "Outlawing Subversive Organization, Penalizing Membership Therein and For Other Purposes", and

506-523: The Fifth Republic . Of the individuals elected as president, three died in office: two of natural causes (Manuel L. Quezon and Manuel Roxas ) and one in a plane crash ( Ramon Magsaysay , 1953–57 ). The longest-serving president is Ferdinand Marcos with 20 years and 57 days in office; he is the only president to have served more than two terms. The shortest is Sergio Osmeña, who spent 1 year and 300 days in office. Two women have held

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552-818: The Ford Foundation and the Rockefeller Foundation "to establish a rice research institute" in Los Baños, Laguna . This led to the establishment of the International Rice Research Institute in 1960. In addition to his laws and programs, the Garcia administration also put emphasis on reviving the Filipino culture. In doing so, the Republic Cultural Award was created. To this day, the award

598-699: The Independence Grandstand in Manila , commencing his second consecutive and only full term. The oath of office was administered by Chief Justice of the Supreme Court of the Philippines Ricardo Paras . Juan Pajo, the then- governor of Bohol , held the Bible which Garcia took oath on, breaking the tradition wherein it is held by presidential spouses. After much discussion, both official and public,

644-525: The Japanese occupation of the Philippines during World War II . He assumed the office when Congress re-convened in 1945 after Allied liberation and the end of the war. When he resumed duties as senator after the war, he was chosen Senate majority floor leader. The press consistently voted him as one of the most outstanding senators. Simultaneously, he occupied a position in the Nacionalista Party. Garcia

690-557: The Supreme Court administered the oath of office , which took place at 5:56 PM PHT on March 18, 1957. President Garcia's first actions were to declare a period of national mourning and to preside over the burial ceremonies for Magsaysay. President Garcia won a full term as president with a landslide win in the national elections of November 12, 1957 . Garcia, the Nacionalista candidate, garnered around 2.07 million votes or 41% of

736-438: The country's armed forces . The president is directly elected by qualified voters to a six-year term and must be "a natural-born citizen of the Philippines, a registered voter, able to read and write, at least forty years of age on the day of the election , and a resident of the Philippines for at least ten years immediately preceding such election". No elected president can seek re-election. Upon resignation, or removal from

782-511: The August 2007 census, has a population of about 46,039. Dumingang is politically subdivided into 44 barangays. Each barangay consists of puroks while some have sitios . Poverty incidence of Dumingag Source: Philippine Statistics Authority Carlos P. Garcia Carlos Polestico Garcia KR ( Tagalog: [ˈkaːɾ.los poˌlɛːs.tɪˈxo gɐɾˈsiː.ɐ] ; November 4, 1896 – June 14, 1971), often referred to by his initials CPG ,

828-641: The Philippine government. Emilio Aguinaldo is officially recognized as the first president of the Philippines, but this is based on his term of office during the Malolos Republic , later known as the First Philippine Republic. Prior to this Aguinaldo had held the presidency of several revolutionary governments which are not counted in the succession of Philippine republics. Manuel L. Quezon delegated his presidential duties to José Abad Santos ,

874-605: The Philippines abolished the First Republic, which led to an American governor-general exercising executive power. In 1935, the United States , pursuant to its promise of full Philippine sovereignty , established the Commonwealth of the Philippines following the ratification of the 1935 Constitution , which also restored the presidency. The first national presidential election was held, and Manuel L. Quezon (1935–44)

920-503: The Philippines in 1942 during World War   II . José P. Laurel acted as puppet president of the new Japanese-sponsored government; his de facto presidency, not legally recognized until the 1960s, overlapped with that of the president of the Commonwealth, which went into exile . The Second Republic was dissolved after Japan surrendered to the Allies in 1945; the Commonwealth

966-417: The castles of our racial hopes, dreams and traditions and where we establish the warehouse of our happiness and prosperity, of our joys and sorrows. In the face of the trying conditions in the country, Garcia initiated what has been called "The Austerity Program". His administration was characterized by its austerity program and its insistence on a comprehensive nationalist policy. On March 3, 1960, he affirmed

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1012-603: The constitutional right to form associations. On September 22, 1992, Republic Act No. 1700, as amended, was repealed by Republic Act No. 7636 during the administration of Fidel V. Ramos , which legalized the Communist Party of the Philippines , other underground movements and subversion , though sedition remained a crime. Garcia exercised the Filipino First Policy , for which he was known. This policy heavily favored Filipino businessmen over foreign investors. He

1058-510: The earliest settlers arrived in Dumingag with renewed optimism after World War II and, starting their lives anew, they hailed the place as "Little Dumangas". Hence, this soon developed into the current name "Dumingag". The first inhabitants of Dumingag were the Subanens who initially came from the coastal areas of the province and the neighboring province of Misamis Occidental. Prior to that, the place

1104-468: The first mayor and the one who has served the longest. The 1970s brought a period of numerous concurrent conflicts on the island of Mindanao, including Dumingag and Zamboanga del Sur. This included land dispute conflicts arising from the influx of settlers from Luzon and Visayas, and from the Marcos administration ’s encouragement of militia groups such as the Ilaga . News of the 1968 Jabidah massacre ignited

1150-588: The first president to be buried at the Libingan ng mga Bayani . On May 24, 1933, he married Leonila Dimataga . The couple had a daughter, Linda Garcia-Campos. List of presidents of the Philippines Under the Constitution of the Philippines , the president of the Philippines ( Filipino : Pangulo ng Pilipinas ) is both the head of state and government , and serves as the commander-in-chief of

1196-574: The last of which was Ferdinand Marcos (1965–86), who performed a self-coup by imposing martial law in 1972. The dictatorship of Marcos saw the birth of the New Society ( Filipino : Bagong Lipunan ) and the Fourth Republic . His tenure lasted until 1986 when he was deposed in the People Power Revolution . The current constitution came into effect in 1987, marking the beginning of

1242-472: The need for complete economic freedom and added that the government no longer would tolerate the dominance of foreign interests (especially American) in the national economy. He promised to shake off "the yoke of alien domination in business, trade, commerce and industry". Garcia was also credited with his role in reviving Filipino cultural arts. The main points of the Austerity Program were: The program

1288-400: The nickname "Prince of Visayan Poets" and the "Bard from Bohol." Garcia entered politics in 1925, scoring an impressive victory to become representative of the third district of Bohol . He was elected for another term in 1928 and served until 1931. He was elected governor of Bohol in 1933, but served only until 1941 when he successfully ran for Senate , but he was unable to serve due to

1334-591: The office, the vice president assumes the post . A president's successor who hasn't served for more than four years can still seek a full term for the presidency. Emilio Aguinaldo became the inaugural president of the Philippines under the Malolos Republic, considered the First Philippine Republic . He held that office until 1901 when he was captured by United States forces during the Philippine–American War (1899–1902). The American colonization of

1380-401: The office: Corazon Aquino (1986–92), who ascended to the presidency upon the successful People Power Revolution of 1986, and Gloria Macapagal Arroyo (2001–10), who, as vice president, ascended to the presidency upon Estrada's resignation and was elected to a full six-year term in 2004. Andrés Bonifacio is considered by some historians to be the first president of the Philippines. He

1426-465: The term Katipunan remained, Bonifacio's government was also known as the Tagalog Republic (Tagalog: Republika ng Katagalugan ; Spanish: Republica Tagala ). (Although the word Tagalog refers to a specific ethnicity, Bonifacio used it to denote all indigenous people in the Philippines in place of Filipino which had colonial origins.) Some historians contend that including Bonifacio as

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1472-518: The then Chief Justice, when the former fled the Philippines amidst Japanese occupation of the islands to establish a government-in-exile . He is believed to have in effect become the acting president of the Philippine Commonwealth though no legal document has been retrieved detailing the official transfer of the title of President to Abad Santos. 3 other former vice presidents ( S. Laurel , Binay , and Robredo ) all made failed runs for

1518-484: The time of President Magsaysay's sudden death due to an airplane crash on March 17, 1957, Garcia was heading the Philippine delegation to the SEATO conference then being held at Canberra , Australia . Having been immediately notified of the tragedy, Vice President Garcia enplaned back for Manila . Upon his arrival, he directly reported to Malacañang Palace to assume the duties of president. Chief Justice Ricardo Paras of

1564-554: The total votes counted, defeating his closest rival, Jose Y. Yulo of the Liberal Party. His running mate, House Speaker Jose B. Laurel Jr. , lost to Pampanga 1st district Representative Diosdado Macapagal . This was the first time in Philippine electoral history where a president was elected by a plurality rather than a majority, and in which the winning presidential and vice-presidential candidates came from different parties. Garcia took his oath of office on December 30, 1957, at

1610-515: The word. Instead of "Duminag", he wrote down "Dumingag". The authenticity of these stories, however, is questionable since there has never been a single piece of evidence or record that Dumi and Ingag had ever actually existed. The first non-Subanen settlers of Dumingag were from the Ilo-ilo town of Dumangas the Decolongon Family who cultivated town center area. According to more convincing sources,

1656-470: Was a Filipino teacher, poet, orator, lawyer, public official, political economist, guerrilla and Commonwealth military leader who was the eighth President of the Philippines . A lawyer by profession, Garcia entered politics when he became representative of Bohol’s 3rd district in the House of Representatives . He then served as a senator from 1945 to 1953. In 1953 he was the running mate of Ramon Magsaysay in

1702-505: Was also responsible for changes in retail trade which greatly affected the Chinese businessmen in the country. In a speech during a joint session of Congress on September 18, 1946, Garcia said the following: We are called upon to decide on this momentous debate whether or not this land of ours will remain the cradle and grave, the womb and tomb of our race – the only place where we can build our homes, our temples, and our altars and where we erect

1748-583: Was awarded the honorary degree Doctor of Humanities, Honoris Causa from the National University in 1961. He also received an honorary doctorate degree from Tokyo University in Japan. He was among the top ten law students in the 1923 bar examination. Rather than practicing law right away, he worked as a teacher for two years at Bohol Provincial High School. He became famous for his poetry in Bohol, where he earned

1794-544: Was elected delegate of the 1971 Constitutional Convention , where delegates elected him as president of the convention. However, on June 14, 1971, Garcia died from a heart attack on 5:57 p.m. at his Manila residence along Bohol Avenue (now Sergeant Esguerra Avenue), Quezon City. Garcia was the first layman to lie in state in Manila Cathedral —a privilege once reserved for the Archbishops of Manila —and

1840-561: Was elected to a six-year term, with no provision for re-election, as the second Philippine president and the first Commonwealth president. In 1940, however, the Constitution was amended to allow re-election but shortened the term to four years. A change in government occurred three years later when the Second Philippine Republic was organized with the enactment of the 1943 Constitution , which Japan imposed after it occupied

1886-636: Was hailed by the people at large and confidence was expressed that the measures proposed would help solve the standing problems of the Republic. During his administration, he acted on the Bohlen–Serrano Agreement, which shortened the lease of the American military bases from 99 years to 25 years and made it renewable after every five years. President Garcia, with the strong advocacy of Agriculture and Natural Resources Secretary Juan G. Rodriguez, invited

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1932-534: Was later amended by Presidential Decree No. 1736 and later superseded by Presidential Decree No. 1835, entitled, "Codifying The Various Laws on Anti-Subversion and Increasing the Penalties for Membership in Subversive Organization." This, in turn, was amended by Presidential Decree No. 1975. On May 5, 1987, Executive Order No. 167 repealed Presidential Decrees No. 1835 and No. 1975 as being unduly restrictive of

1978-401: Was once a vast expanse of jungle and marshland. Originally, Dumingag was a barrio, and was part of the municipality of Molave. It was created in 1950 and the first barrio lieutenant back then was Jose Montuerto. On December 27, 1957, by virtue of Executive Order No. 283 issued by President Carlos P. Garcia , Dumingag finally became a municipality. Ever since it acquired its municipality status,

2024-413: Was restored in the Philippines in the same year with Sergio Osmeña (1944–46) as president. Manuel Roxas (1946–1948) followed Osmeña when he won the first post-war election in 1946. He became the first president of the independent Philippines when the Commonwealth ended on July   4 of that year. The Third Republic was ushered in and would cover the administrations of the next five presidents,

2070-565: Was the running mate of Ramon Magsaysay in the 1953 presidential election in which both men won. He was appointed secretary of foreign affairs by President Magsaysay, and for four years served concurrently as vice-president . Garcia acted as chairman of the eight-nation Southeast Asian Security Conference held in Manila in September 1954, which led to the development of the Southeast Asia Treaty Organization (SEATO). At

2116-611: Was the third Supreme President (Spanish: Presidente Supremo ; Tagalog : Kataastaasang Pangulo ) of the Katipunan secret society. Its Supreme Council, led by the Supreme President, coordinated provincial and district councils. When the Katipunan went into open revolt in August 1896 (the Cry of Balintawak ), Bonifacio transformed it into a revolutionary government with him as president. While

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