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11-714: From 1796 to 1802, the Atlas Suisse was published in Aarau by Johann Heinrich Weiss , Johann Rudolf Meyer and Joachim Eugen Müller . The Atlas Suisse map series consisted of 16 sheets, was produced by a copperplate or intaglio printing process, and depicted the whole of Switzerland at a scale of 1:120,000. Publication of the Dufour Map was begun in 1845 by the Federal Topographic Bureau under Guillaume-Henri Dufour , and continued to December 1864. The Dufour Map

22-586: A scale of approximately 1:120,000. Until the appearance of Dufour Map (1845-1865), the Atlas Suisse was the map series with the most accurate coverage of Switzerland. Johann Georg Tralles Johann Georg Tralles (15 October 1763 – 19 November 1822) was a German mathematician and physicist . He was born in Hamburg, Germany and was educated at the University of Göttingen beginning in 1783. He became

33-599: A professor at the University of Bern in 1785. In 1810, he became a professor of mathematics at the University of Berlin . In 1798 he served as the Swiss representative to the French metric convocation , and was a member of its committee on weights and measures. An iron "committee" meter, a duplicate of the prototype archive meter, was then given as a gift to Ferdinand Rudolph Hassler . From 1803 until 1805 these two men worked together on

44-605: A topological survey of the Canton of Bern . In 1819, he discovered the Great Comet of 1819, Comet Tralles , named after him. He was the inventor of the alcoholometer , a device for measuring the amount of alcohol in a liquid. He died in London, England . The crater Tralles on the Moon is named after him, as is the alcoholometer he invented. This article about a German physicist

55-533: The Siegfried Atlas or Siegfried Map (German: Siegfriedkarte ; French: Carte Siegfried ). Atlas Suisse The Atlas Suisse ( French for Swiss Atlas ; also known as the Meyer-Weiss-Atlas ), by Johann Rudolf Meyer and Johann Heinrich Weiss , is the oldest map series based upon scientific survey and covering the whole of Switzerland . It was published between 1786 and 1802. In 1786,

66-511: The Dufour Map give a reliable overview of demographic trends in Switzerland, the extension of settlements and significant changes in the territory, such as the damming of rivers, the construction of roads , and railway development . From 1870, a map series in the 1:25,000 scale of the original Dufour Map images was published under the official name Topographic Atlas of Switzerland (German: Topographischer Atlas der Schweiz ), and also known as

77-536: The Dufour Map with hachures , which makes it appear especially vivid. Relief and elevation differences under the surface of lakes were symbolized by contours . This so-called "Swiss style" depiction received much praise, and earned the Topographic Bureau several international awards. Dufour's work enabled the Swiss Confederation to have a valuable tool for its army and administration. Some surveys for

88-606: The industrialist Johann Rudolf Meyer, who came from Aarau , decided to create a map of Switzerland at his own expense. For that purpose, he engaged a geometer , Johann Heinrich Weiss of Strasbourg . The foundations for Meyer's map were baseline measurements by the scientist Johann Georg Tralles and landscape relief modelling by Joachim Eugen Müller , after which Weiss drew the map. The result of this work appeared between 1796 and 1802, and included 16 sheets and an overview map. The 16 sheets measure 70 centimetres (28 in) x 51 centimetres (20 in), and depict Switzerland at

99-571: The map had been conducted by the Cantons, but the federal government had made its contribution by tracking data in mountainous areas with difficult access. These actions had taken place in 1818, and then during the period 1836 to 1862. The Dufour Map also conveys a precise idea of Swiss geography of the second half of the 19th century and the early 20th century. One can see villages that have disappeared, glaciers that have retreated, and names of mountains that have changed since that time. Different editions of

110-543: Was based on measurements by the Cantons and the Swiss Confederation . The original images for the Dufour Map were created in 1:25,000 scale (for the Swiss plateau ) and 1:50,000 (for the mountains). However, the Dufour Map was published in 1:100,000 scale, enabling the territory of Switzerland to be divided into 25 sheets, each of which measured 70 centimetres (28 in) x 48 centimetres (19 in). The Dufour Map

121-412: Was reproduced by an engraving print process, initially by intaglio, and later (from 1905) by flat plate impression. Until 1939, there were occasional revised editions of the Dufour Map sheets. The initially monochromatic map was enhanced in 1908 by the addition of an extra color, and then in 1938 by yet another colour. The countryside (which in Switzerland is mostly hilly or mountainous) is depicted on

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