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50-486: It extended from Duffield to Wirksworth and from Hulland to Heage . Most of it became the ancient parish of Duffield, which contained the townships of Hazlewood , Holbrook , Makeney and Milford , Shottle , and Windley , and the chapelries of Belper , Heage and Turnditch . The chapelry of Belper – or "Beaureper" – was built by the Duke of Lancaster for the use of the foresters. The area had been noted for centuries for

100-561: A court of the Manor of Duffield Frith, William Gilbert surrendered a cottage and lands and closes for providing and sustaining an honest and learned man within Duffield Frith, to teach and instruct boys in honest and pious discipline and literature." The schoolmaster's wages were settled at 12d. a quarter for every scholar being a grammarian, and 8d. for everyone inferior to a grammarian; but he might take other private pupils. The medieval manor

150-622: A forge near to the present Baptist Chapel. There were also several corn mills and quarries. Flax, for linen, had been grown in Flaxholme, from the fifteenth century, on the instructions from King Henry VIII . Silk thread began to be produced in quantity by John Lombe in Derby , likewise cotton thread in Belper. By the nineteenth century, the major occupation in the village itself was framework knitting , encouraged by Jedediah Strutt 's famous 'Derby Rib', while

200-473: A fort to protect the ford across which the caravans of lead from Wirksworth joined Rykneld Street at Derby, en route for the North Sea ports, though this is disputed. A few remains have, however, been found of Anglo-Saxon occupation by a person, or persons, of some substance. The Domesday Survey records "Duvelle" as being within the wapentake or hundred of Morleystone . In Norman times, Duffield Castle

250-518: A general desertion of the King's cause and overturned the power of Hugh le Despenser, 1st Earl of Winchester , and his son Hugh the younger . Henry was sent in pursuit and captured the King at Neath in South Wales . He was appointed to take charge of the King and was responsible for his custody at Kenilworth Castle . Henry was appointed head of the regency council for the new king, Edward III , and

300-645: A large part of south Derbyshire, was passed to de Ferrers. At the centre of this was Tutbury Castle which he adopted as his domestic headquarters. His major landholdings, however, were those of the Anglo-Saxon Siward Barn, following a revolt in 1071, including more land in Berkshire and Essex and also Gloucestershire , Warwickshire , Nottinghamshire and Derbyshire . In addition to Tutbury Castle, he built two more, probably typical Norman timber motte and bailey construction. Remembering that large areas of

350-503: A paper mill opened at Peckwash. The biggest change came with the coming of the North Midland Railway which passed through from 1840, with the opening of Duffield railway station . Initially, this was a short way further north the present one, and probably little more than a halt. The line also cut the lane to the church with a footbridge provided at a later date. North of the village, the main road had been previously realigned on

400-522: A royal forest. The Duchy of Lancaster assigned one third of Belper and Hulland to the Crown and rented to Sir Edward Sydenham. The remainder was divided and enclosed and passed to the commoners. When it came to Duffield Ward, however, the majority of the commoners opposed the proposal. Nevertheless, the Duchy council went ahead and selected the best areas for the Crown, particularly those that were rich in coal. Moreover,

450-445: A son of King Henry III by his wife Eleanor of Provence . The Earl Henry's mother was Blanche of Artois , Queen Dowager of Navarre. Through his mother, he was a half-brother of Queen Joan I of Navarre . Henry's elder brother Thomas, 2nd Earl of Lancaster , succeeded their father in 1296, but Henry was summoned to Parliament on 6 February 1298/99 by writ directed to Henrico de Lancastre nepoti Regis ("Henry of Lancaster, nephew of

500-779: Is a village in the Amber Valley district of Derbyshire , 5 miles (8.0 km) north of Derby . It is centred on the western bank of the River Derwent at the mouth of the River Ecclesbourne . It is within the Derwent Valley Mills World Heritage Area and the southern foothills of the Pennines . There have been humans in the area, probably, from the Iron Age. A palaeolithic hand axe has been discovered near

550-432: Is good surviving evidence of medieval settlements and field systems. There are extensive documentary records for the forest and opportunity exists for research into the development of these settlements and the economy within a royal forest. 53°2.77′N 1°33.15′W  /  53.04617°N 1.55250°W  / 53.04617; -1.55250 Duffield, Derbyshire Duffield ( / ˈ d ʌ f iː l d / )

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600-430: Is the home of the cricket and football teams. Henry, 3rd Earl of Lancaster Henry, 3rd Earl of Leicester and Lancaster ( c.  1281 – 22 September 1345) was a grandson of King Henry III of England (1216–1272) and was one of the principals behind the deposition of King Edward II (1307–1327), his first cousin. He was the younger son of Edmund Crouchback , 1st Earl of Lancaster, Earl of Leicester ,

650-481: Is today listed as a Scheduled Ancient Monument . Shining Cliff Wood is on long lease to the Forestry Commission and is listed as containing an SSSI . Having been excavated at the end of the nineteenth century, the castle at Duffield has been sadly neglected, since there is little to see. A paper by Derbyshire County Council has suggested: The area of Duffield Frith is one within which, as noted above, there

700-498: The Forest of East Derbyshire was abolished, Morley Park , which included Belper, was added. In 1266, after a rebellion by Robert de Ferrars , against King Henry III the lands were confiscated and passed to Prince Edmund to be part of the Duchy of Lancaster . Records for Duffield Frith do not begin until this time, and being part of the Duchy, the area was not properly a royal forest until

750-490: The Forest of High Peak which was intended for hart and hind .) There were seven of these parks within the Frith, listed by Henry Earl of Lancaster ) in 1330 as : Ravensdale , Mansell, Schethull ( Shottle ), Postern , Bureper ( Belper ), Morley , and Schymynde-cliffe, ( Shining Cliff ). There was another park, Champain, on the southern border on what is now Cumberhills, south of Duffield, near Champion Farm. The records of

800-497: The royal arms of King Henry III , differenced by a bend azure . Upon his restoration, his difference changed, to a label France of three points (that is to say a label of three points azure each charged with three fleur-de-lys or ). Henry is a supporting character in Les Rois maudits ( The Accursed Kings ), a series of French historical novels by Maurice Druon . He was portrayed by William Sabatier  [ fr ] in

850-798: The Dominican Friars of Derby, and the Abbot of Darley for building purposes. In September 1405, King Henry IV ordered the chief forester to supply twelve timber oaks towards the repair of Duffield church, and in 1411 to deliver to the tenants of Duffield enough wood for shoring Duffield Bridge (near the present Bridge Inn) while it was rebuilt – using, no doubt, stone from the ruins of the castle. Henry VIII decreed that certain crops should be grown such as flax in modern-day Flaxholme. It should be remembered that, although referred to as forests, these areas were not necessarily woodland overall. However, in any case, no special measures were taken to conserve timber. By

900-534: The Duchy of Lancaster have many references to Duffield Frith, including, in 1314, a great larder at Belper, where the venison of the deer was salted down for winter use, and a large cow-house stood in the lower part of Shottle (Cowhouse Lane, listed by the Post Office as " Cowers Lane "). It was a valuable source of timber. Orders are recorded, in 1375 for the delivery of oaks to the Carmelite Friars of Nottingham,

950-691: The King's Cellar, an official of Duffield Frith under the Duchy of Lancaster and a Commissioner of Peace for the County of Derby . He, with his lady, has a magnificent table-tomb in St. Alkmunds Church, Duffield . The first school in Duffield was Duffield Boys' Endowed School, now known as the William Gilbert School, originally in the centre of the village next to the Ecclesbourne. On 21 June 1565, we read that "at

1000-561: The Sixteenth century the forest laws had been relaxed and much of the land was considered as common. A shift had occurred from arable farming to livestock production and it was more profitable to rent the forest for grazing, without protecting the growing shoots of young trees. Meanwhile, the use of timber increased, particularly for iron and lead smelting which increased significantly from the Thirteenth century. Duffield Frith continued to be in

1050-614: The areas assigned to the commoners were only granted to those who had previously agreed to the scheme. This culminated in 1643 in the inhabitants forcibly throwing open all the enclosures in Duffield – or Chevin Ward, including Shottle Park. The commoners were about to seek a judicial review when the Civil War began, and all this part of the old forest so seized remained common until 1786, when 1,500 acres (6.1 km) were enclosed by Act of George III . Ravensdale Park, between Windley and Hulland,

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1100-617: The collegiate Church of the Annunciation of Our Lady of the Newarke , which he had built when he enhanced his father's foundation. According to Jean Le Bel , he was nicknamed Wryneck , or Tors-col in French, possibly due to a medical condition . Froissart repeated that statement in his Chronicles . He married Maud Chaworth , before 2 March 1296/1297. Henry and Maud had seven children: Prior to his restoration to his earldoms, Henry bore

1150-569: The county were laid to waste during the so-called Harrying of the North , and are recorded as such in the Domesday Survey , Pilsbury Castle , on the west bank of the River Dove , was probably built to protect his holdings in the wapentake of Hamston. Meanwhile Duffield Castle commanded an important crossing over the River Derwent and oversaw the parts of the wapentakes of Litchurch and Morleyston, to

1200-407: The eighteenth century the road along Duffield Bank was improved, as the 'New Chesterfield Turnpike'. Meanwhile, there was a growing community next to Duffield Castle built by Henri de Ferrers. For many centuries, Duffield was by far the largest centre of population in the parish. Following the rebellion by Robert de Ferrers, 6th Earl of Derby his lands became part of the Duchy of Lancaster until

1250-448: The eighteenth century, the centre of the village was subject to regular floods until the middle of the twentieth century. A notable resident in the sixteenth century was Anthony Bradshaw who erected a monument in the Church to himself and his large family. He was distantly related to John Bradshaw , who condemned Charles I to death. Sir Roger Mynor was High Sheriff in 1514, Sergeant of

1300-532: The former settling in the village around the end of King Street, the managers in larger houses further along the main road and further up King Street and Hazlewood Road. When the new station was extended with the Wirksworth branch , it created a good deal more upheaval, since the line cut across the road north out of the village. This was along the side of the Kings Head joining the present Chapel Street and in front of

1350-399: The game had virtually disappeared and much of the area was held in common by tenants and copyholders who would suffer if the woods were enclosed. They suggested developing the facilities for smelting the ores and a charge on lead similar to that levied in Wirksworth . By this time the forest had been almost completely denuded. One effect of this was a move towards the use of coal. Water power

1400-485: The hands of the Crown until the time of Charles I . It had been reduced considerably in size, and in the reign of Elizabeth I it is said to have been thirty miles in circumference. In 1581 a commission investigated ways in which extra royal revenues might be gained. By then Shining Cliff and the manor of Alderwasley had been transferred to the Lowe family, leaving the three wards of Duffield, Belper and Hulland. It reported that

1450-513: The head of the River Ecclesbourne at Hopton . In the Duffield area itself, settlement by the Celts occurred in 400BCE. Although it has been suggested that, once farming began, they would have inhabited the plains of the Derwent and Ecclesbourne, they would most likely have retreated to higher ground during the winter floods. The Romans arrived in the area in 43CE. It has been suggested that they built

1500-592: The king", Edward I ), by which he is held to have become Baron Lancaster . He took part in the Siege of Caerlaverock in July 1300. After a period of long-standing opposition to King Edward II and his advisors, including joining two open rebellions, Henry's brother Thomas was convicted of treason, executed and had his lands and titles forfeited in 1322. Henry did not participate in his brother's rebellions; he later petitioned for his brother's lands and titles, and on 29 March 1324 he

1550-451: The last fifteen years of his life at Leicester Castle . There he founded a hospital for the poor and infirm in an extension of the castle bailey. It became known as the Newarke, and Henry was buried in the hospital chapel when he died in 1345. The King and Queen attended his funeral. He was succeeded as Earl of Lancaster and Leicester by his eldest son, Henry of Grosmont , later first Duke of Lancaster . Henry had his father's remains moved to

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1600-478: The quantity of deer, mostly fallow , but there was also wild boar. There were also wolves, at least until the end of the thirteenth century. Henry de Ferrers had been granted vast tracts of land, in present-day Buckinghamshire , Berkshire , Northamptonshire , and Essex and as far south as Wiltshire . In 1070 Hugh d'Avranches was promoted to become Earl of Chester and the Wapentake of Appletree, which covered

1650-527: The reign of Charles I . These included the manor of Duffield and seven parks in Duffield Frith namely, Ravensdale , Schethull ( Shottle ), Postern , Bureper ( Belper ), Morley , and Schymynde-cliffe, ( Shining Cliff ) In the Parliamentary Commissioners' report of 1650 respecting Duffield and its chapelries, Belper is described as "a hamlet appertaining to Duffield." One other near Duffield

1700-403: The reign of Henry IV . However Edmund was allowed to hold Forest Courts for Duffield as part of the honour of Tutbury, and King Edward I hunted in between 1290 and 1293 and Edward II visited in 1323. There were four wards: Duffield, Belper, Hulland and Colebrook. Within these were a number of enclosed parks for the keeping of buck and doe (in contrast with the much larger ward of Campana in

1750-609: The south, there was the Noah's Ark, a coaching inn. Still in existence is the White Hart, which is not the original building, and a little further up, was the Nag's Head. Next is the King's Head, probably the oldest still in existence. When the Commissioners appointed by Parliament to divide up the common and waste lands of Duffield Parish sat in 1787, they held their meetings at the King's Head. At

1800-593: The station. It already had been rebuilt in 1835, raised to a higher level because of the frequency of flooding. A new road was built on the other side of the King's Head with a bridge over the branch. In addition, a tunnel was driven under King Street. Around this time a new boys' school was built in Vicarage Lane, with a girls' school lower down King Street, with the Infants' School opposite. Less well-remembered, though revered by narrow, ' minimum gauge ', railway enthusiasts,

1850-518: The top of Crown Street used to be the Crown Inn, and still existing up Hazlewood Road is the New Inn, although this is now been converted to a private dwelling. Outside it are broad flat-topped walls. In the days before Hazelwood had its own cemetery, it is said that funeral parties would stop for refreshment before completing their journey to the church, and would leave the coffin resting on that wall. There

1900-465: The village, it is thought, arose from its purpose, in Anglo-Saxon times, of serving travellers crossing the river on their way from Ashbourne to Nottingham . The original part of the present building, however, is Norman. Duffield Bridge was built across the river, next to the present Bridge Inn, in the thirteenth century and widened in the eighteenth. This later became the main road to the north and, in

1950-464: The west of Cumberhills Road are something of a mystery. Clearly, they were a speculative middle-class project, but in 1910 they were isolated among fields half a mile from the village – hardly attractive, one would have thought, to prospective purchasers. For such a small village, Duffield seems to have been well served with public houses. Near the church was the White Lion and nearby on the main road at

2000-559: The west of the river, and that part of his lands that would become the Frith. Much of the estate was granted to Knights who served under him, among them being the Curzons of Kedleston Hall . It will be seen that the de Ferrers controlled an area between the rivers Derwent and Dove, from the River Trent at Tutbury north to the Forest of High Peak . It is not clear how much of this was retained specifically for hunting. Possibly around 1225, when

2050-491: The west side of the cottages known as Castle Orchard, with a slice out of the castle mound, leading to a new road north called New Mills Road. The railway northwards followed the alignment of the old road, passing under the new one with a magnificent stone-built skew arch bridge. A permanent station was opened in 1841 in its present position, as the village expanded with homes for the Midland Railway workers and management,

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2100-528: Was Champain Park to the South West, in the area of what is now Champion Farm on Cumberhills. Some idea of Duffield's prosperity can be gained from the size of the Church and its later additions. In the forest, there had been plentiful game, and a supply of timber, particularly oak, while the farmland was exceedingly fertile, though prone to flooding. Even with the controls on the rivers with the various weirs and dams in

2150-407: Was already used for grinding corn and wool fulling. It found increasing use for mechanising the various forms of mineral processing. In 1556, one of the earliest ore-stamping mills was built at Hulland Ward by Burchard Kranich , who, two years earlier, had built the first Smeltmill for extracting lead from its ore at Makeney . Matters were left in abeyance until 1633, when the Frith ceased to be

2200-591: Was also a Railway Inn near the station and a Castle Inn, near the Parish Room. The Patten Makers' Arms is in Crown Street, named after the pattens which were a type of clog that people made there. In 1957 The Ecclesbourne School was founded, when George Wimpey , the building developer, built new estates, raising the population to around 5000. One was between Wirksworth Road and the River Ecclesbourne. The other

2250-476: Was also appointed captain-general of all the King's forces in the Scottish Marches . He was appointed Constable of Lancaster Castle and High Sheriff of Lancashire in 1327. He helped the young king put an end to Mortimer 's regency and tyranny, having him declared a traitor and executed in 1330. In about the year 1330, he became blind (Prestwich states Henry was going blind around 1329). Henry spent

2300-437: Was built to protect the hunting grounds of Duffield Frith , awarded to Henry de Ferrers (or de Ferrars) by William I . Most of this became the ancient parish of Duffield, which contained the townships of Hazlewood , Holbrook , Makeney, Milford , Shottle , and Windley , and the chapelries of Belper , Heage , and Turnditch . Meanwhile, St Alkmunds Church was built some quarter of a mile south. Its position, so far from

2350-574: Was invested as Earl of Leicester . A few years later, shortly after his accession in 1327, the young Edward III of England returned the earldom of Lancaster to him, along with other lordships such as that of Bowland . He may have inherited the Barony of Halton . On the Queen's return to England in September 1326 with Roger Mortimer, 1st Earl of March , Henry joined her party against King Edward II, which led to

2400-623: Was replaced in about 1620 when Duffield Hall was built. The major activity up to the nineteenth century was agriculture. There were two cattle-fairs; the Thursday after New Year's Day, and 1 March. Ironstone is associated with coal deposits in Derbyshire, which outcropped in the Belper and Duffield areas. It is thought that these were what attracted the de Ferrars family to the area, and there are frequent references to iron-working in historical records, with

2450-479: Was the Duffield Bank Railway , built by Sir Arthur Heywood at his house to the east of the village. The coming of Rolls-Royce in the 1910s brought further expansion, with even bigger houses up Hazlewood Road, and council-provided housing along Holloway Road. Throughout the 'thirties and 'forties, middle-class housing was appearing in the old Wirksworth Road, and in Flaxholme. The semi-detached houses to

2500-524: Was to the south of Wirksworth Road, extending New Zealand Lane and the previously privately maintained Broadway. The intention was for the latter to meet the Wirksworth Road at Cumberhills Road, but where it crossed New Zealand Lane, the landowner refused to sell and it was several years before there was a right of way. The attraction of the village for housebuyers centres on the successful secondary school, Ecclesbourne and good transport links. Eyes Meadow

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