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61-400: Drozhzhanovsky district is a predominantly agricultural region with gross domestic product of the agricultural sector amounting to 0.5 million rubles in 2020. Industry has also been actively developed in the district with the "Drozhzhanoe" industrial park designed for 21 residents operating in the district since 2014. Drozhzhanovsky district is located in the southwestern of Tatarstan and covers

122-581: A "reversal of fortunes" in China's dealings with foreigners since the century of humiliation . Researcher Zongyuan Zoe Liu writes that "[t]he success of these cities as 'red' treaty ports represented another step in China's overall reform and opening-up plan while legitimizing the leadership of the CPC over the Chinese state and people." Numerous African countries have set up SEZs in connection with China, including over

183-447: A cement plant in March 2015. The estimated volume of investment was 9 billion rubles and one of the conditions for cooperation was the provision of jobs for local residents. The project planned to employ about 200 people at the plant. However, a year later, district leadership announced the canceling of the project. Since 2013, Volga region Zeolites has been operating in the region, developing

244-620: A decree on the formation of the district as an independent unit within the Tatar ASSR . In 1959, part of the abolished Tsilninsky district was annexed to the Buinsk district. Four years later the territories of Drozhzhanovsky, Kaibitsky and part of the Apastovsky districts would be joined to the territory, increasing the total area of the canton to 4123 km². In 1966, the Drozhzhanovsky district

305-458: A symbol of purity, perfection, peace and tolerance. The blue sky signifies the dignity and spirituality of the locals. The flag is based on heraldic elements of the coat of arms. A rectangular canvas with a width to length ratio of 2:3 is divided horizontally by a white line into green and blue stripes. The rising sun is depicted in the upper band, and a scroll and sifted wheat are placed on the field. According to available archeological records,

366-517: A thin jagged silver belt; in the azure there is a shining golden sun (without showing its face), and in the greenery there are a bunch of golden sifted wheat placed on the right, followed by a silver scroll with a gold seal on a cord of the same metal coming out on the bottom right and placed on the left. In June 2006, the Council of the Buinsky municipal district approved its new heraldic insignia. The design

427-640: A total area is 1029.5 km. The Drozhzhanovsky district shares borders with the Buinsky District , Chuvashia , and the Ulyanovsk region . Its climate is continental and is dominated by westerly and south-westerly winds with the average monthly temperature in January is -11.5 °C, in July - + 19.1 °C. The largest river in the district is the 54 km long Malaya Tsilna which flows for 50 km through the district. The coat of arms of

488-529: A zone, they are granted a period of lower taxation. The creation of special economic zones by the host country may be motivated by the desire to attract foreign direct investment (FDI). The benefits a company gains by being in a special economic zone may mean that it can produce and trade goods at a lower price, aimed at being globally competitive. In some countries, the zones have been criticized for being little more than labor camps , with workers denied fundamental labor rights . The definition of an SEZ

549-413: Is "Drozhzhanovsky elevator", which unites a feed mill, a mill, a grain elevator and the agricultural enterprise "Burunduki". "Burundukovsky elevator" (the old name) ranked second among the enterprises of Tatarstan in terms of grain processing capacity in 2009. The elevator received a loan for 2.4 billion rubles in 2013. A year later the company incurred losses of 1.4 billion rubles. Machinery and equipment of

610-557: Is an area in which the business and trade laws are different from the rest of the country. SEZs are located within a country's national borders, and their aims include increasing trade balance, employment, increased investment, job creation and effective administration. To encourage businesses to set up in the zone, financial policies are introduced. These policies typically encompass investing, taxation , trading, quotas, customs and labour regulations . Additionally, companies may be offered tax holidays , where upon establishing themselves in

671-535: Is determined individually by each country. According to the World Bank in 2008, the modern-day special economic zone typically includes a "geographically limited area, usually physically secured (fenced-in); single management or administration; eligibility for benefits based upon physical location within the zone; separate customs area (duty-free benefits) and streamlined procedures." The United States has long applied special economic rules to its outlying territories for

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732-545: Is home to large enterprises such as the local branches of Tatspirtprom and “Tatarstan-sete”, Akhmametevskii elektromekhanicheskii zavod (Akhmametyevsk electromechanical plant), Buinskii mashinostroitelnyi zavod (Buinsky machine-building plant), Sakharnyi zavod (Sugar plant), Buinskii maslosyrkombinat (Buinsk butter and cheese plant), Buinskaia mezhkhoziaistvennaia stroitelnaia organizatciia (Buinsk inter-industrial construction organization), Buinskaya PMK-6, “Gidroservis”, EPU «Buinskgaz” and others. The majority of large enterprises of

793-641: Is one of the three most productive agricultural regions in Tatarstan. The leading industries are beet and grain farming, cattle breeding and pig breeding, which collectively account for 95% the annual gross product of the district. The district contains 119,300 hectares of farmland, 96,500 hectares of which are arable. The main cultivated crops are spring and winter wheat , rye , barley , peas, and sugar beets. Overall, five agricultural enterprises, 70 farms, 8 limited liability companies, one open joint-stock company and one production and agricultural cooperative operate in

854-414: The 2010 census , the municipality had a population of 25,101. As of the beginning of 2020, the population had grown to 41,587. The district currently consists of 98 settlements. The administrative center of the district, the town of Buinsk , is not included within the administrative structure of the district. The settlement first appeared in historical records dating to 1703. Its name is derived from

915-507: The Sviyaga , flows between forest-steppe and steppe zones. Its tributaries include the Karla, Bula, Ulema, Tsilna and Malaya Tsilna. Forests cover 9,681 hectares of the region. The local climate is temperate continental which creates favorable conditions for cattle breeding and agriculture. There are 125 archeological monuments on the territory of the region. The azure and green field is crossed by

976-590: The Committee of the Republic of Tatarstan for Social and Economic Monitoring, investment in fixed assets from January–June 2020 in the Buinsky district amounted to 978 million rubles, or 0.5% of total investment in Tatarstan. The largest investments were allocated to the development of agriculture, hunting and fishing to the sum of 186 million rubles. According to the Federal State Statistics Service of

1037-421: The Drozhzhanovsky district was approved on March 26, 2006. There is a red sun symbolizing hard work, longevity, and activity at the top of the coat of arms. The lower part of the coat of arms is divided in half by green and yellow vertical stripes. They indicate a mixed population. The national diversity of the inhabitants is also symbolized by a rushnyk . The main composition depicted on the coat of arms symbolizes

1098-546: The Drozhzhanovsky district was included in the top ten districts supporting in sports in the republic. According to the data, 53% of the district population participate in sports. There are several notable cultural heritage sites in the Drozhzhanovsky district, including the House of the merchant Vasily Vassiyarov. There are many famous natives from the region, among them the founder of the Chuvash drama Nikolai Efremov, People's Artist of

1159-651: The European E017 highway connecting the European part of Russia with Siberia and the Far East . In 2016, the length of the public road network was 548.3 km. A section of the federal railway "Kazan-Ulyanovsk" runs through the district. The village of Staroe Drozhzhanoe is located 45 km from the Burunduki station. There are no air or river ports in the region. The priority tasks for the development of transport services until 2030 are

1220-458: The House of Culture, 54 clubs, 36 libraries, 3 museums, and 15 school museums. Since 1919, the regional newspaper “Bayrak” (“Banner”) has been published in Russian and Tatar languages. In 1962, a copy of the newspaper in Chuvash (“Yalav”) began to be published. In 2000, the local TV and radio company “Bua dulkynnnary” was founded. Special economic zone A special economic zone ( SEZ )

1281-521: The Karla River valley. The district is served by 42 educational institutions, three vocational schools, 42 kindergartens and two supplementary education establishments. Sports facilities in the district include a stadium for 1,500 seats, the ice palace “Arktika”, a sports complex “Dolphin”, children's and youth sports schools “Arktika”, “Batyr” and “Yunost”, as well as a number of gyms and shooting ranges. The district's cultural resources are represented by

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1342-462: The Red Book of Tatarstan. An ancient spring is located in the village of Starye Chukaly on the left bank of the river. When it was finally overgrown with reeds, and the water became unfit for drinking, the district authorities asked for a Presidential grant for its cleaning and creation of public space in 2018 but the project did not receive support. There is one more spring "Kader" ("Spring of honor") in

1403-580: The Republic of Tatarstan Khidiyat Sultanov, poets and writers Sharaf Mudaris, Tal-Morza, Zaki Nuri. Buinsky District Buinsky District ( Russian : Буинский райо́н ; Tatar : Буа районы ) is a territorial administrative unit and municipality of the Republic of Tatarstan within the Russian Federation . The district is located in the southwest of the republic and occupies a total area of 1,543 square kilometers (596 sq mi). According to

1464-414: The Republic of Tatarstan, the district attracted almost 472 million rubles in investment in 2019. Excluding budget funds and income from small businesses this level of investment in 2019 was 100 million less than in the previous year. Buinsk is 137 km away from Kazan. The “ Ulyanovsk — Sviyazhsk ” railway line, the “ Kazan —Ulyanovsk”, “ Buinsk — Tetyushi ”, and “Buinsk— Yalchik ” highways pass through

1525-544: The Tatar word “bua”, meaning “dam”. The Buinsky municipal district occupies a total land area of 1543.6 km². It shares borders with the Drozhzhanovsky district in the south-west, with Apastovsky in the north, Tetyushsky in the east, with the Ulyanovsk region in the south, and with Chuvashia in the west. The terrain of the district is a hilly plain with heights rising to as high as 150–200 meters. The largest river,

1586-612: The Tatarsko-Shatrashan deposit zeolite-containing rocks and producing a product under the Zeol trademark, which delivers its products to Kazakhstan , Belarus , Bahrain , and Saudi Arabia . Spring and winter wheat, rye, barley, oats, millet, buckwheat, peas, sugar beets and potatoes are cultivated in the Drozhzhanovsky district. The livestock industries in the district are meat and dairy cattle breeding, pig breeding and sheep breeding. 94 farms and 8260 private households are registered in

1647-527: The company from repeated bankruptcy which was announced shortly after in 2019. The property of "Burundukovsky elevator" was estimated at the time as 285 million rubles. At the end of 2015, the municipal council of the Drozhzhanovsky district developed a draft law "On special economic zones at the regional level" and submitted it to the State Council of Tatarstan. According to the text of the project, SEZs ( Special economic zones ) of four types can be located on

1708-400: The company were pledged by "Rosselkhozbank", and shares were held by "Tatfondbank". Due to its bankruptcy, the company's property was put up for auction in 2016. The only participant in the auction was the "Yurkom" company, which purchased everything for 1.7 billion rubles and "Burundukovsky elevator" was renamed. The revenue of the company was 240.15 million rubles, which ultimately did not save

1769-580: The creation of conditions for the uninterrupted operation of passenger transport in the district and the maintenance of regional highways in a safe condition. There are six natural monuments that have the status of a special protected area : the meadow "Bibi-Aisha", the forest-steppe "Keremet", the "Source of the Tsilna River", "Chistaya Polyana", "Ravine Shereldauk" and "Mordovian meadows". Numerous species of animals and plants live in specially protected zones, including endangered species and varieties listed in

1830-409: The district for 2016, producing 35% of the total quantity of milk and 41% of meat produced in the district. According to the regional plan, in 2021 the profit from the agricultural sector should amount to 316 million rubles of profit from agriculture mainly due to the production of grain and high-margin crops (sugar beets, sunflowers) and an increase in the number of dairy cows. For the first half of 2020

1891-761: The district. Nature reserves and wildlife sanctuaries cover a total of 1688 hectares, of which 1509 hectares belong to the Zeya Buylary reserve. Natural monuments in the district include the Sviyaga River, the park of the Decembrist Vasily P. Ivashev’s family estate, the Novo-Tinchalinskaya marmot colony in the valley of the Bolshaya Taurus River and the Utinskaya marmot colony on the steppe slopes of

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1952-536: The districts. As a municipal division , the district is incorporated as the Buinsky Municipal District, with the town of republic significance of Buinsk being incorporated within it as the Buinsk urban settlement. In 1998-2007, the district was headed by Aglyam K. Sadretdinov, followed by Rafael K. Abuzyarov from 2007 to 2013. In 2013, Azat K. Aizetullov was elected to the post of head of the municipal district, holding this position until 2017. Aizetullov

2013-552: The enterprise will be to provide the food and processing industry with domestic ingredients. A plot of 5 hectares has already been allocated for construction in the district. The company is looking for investors at the end of 2020. Two federal highways pass through the district: the " M5 Ural ", which is part of the European network of the E30 route and Asian AH6 as well as the M7 Volga, part of

2074-553: The first settlements on the territory of the modern Buinsky district emerged in the Stone Age , that is, approximately X-VI thousand years BC . In the early Middle Ages , the peoples of the Imenkov culture lived here and primarily engaged in agriculture. At the time of Volga Bulgaria , there were already several dozen settlements in this area. Settlements on the site of the modern town of Buinsk were first mentioned in historical records in

2135-399: The green field indicates the abundance of local nature and health. The gold color is a symbol of rich harvests, wealth, stability and respect. The setting sun emphasizes the border position of the region and its location in the southwest of the republic. The scroll points to the rich history of the Buinsk lands and as the homeland of outstanding writers, poets, artists and politicians. Silver is

2196-423: The gross value of agricultural products produced in the district had already amounted to 431 million rubles. There are 37 milk collectors in the region. A dairy plant subsidiary of the "Vamin" company operated in the district until its bankruptcy after 2013. Following the initiation of bankruptcy procedures, the property of the dairy plant was leased to the "Prosto Moloko" firm. At the moment, production facilities at

2257-406: The hospitality of local residents. The flag is based on heraldic elements of the coat of arms. The Tatar name of the region sounds like Chүprәle (Чүпрәле), which in translation means "Yeasts" (rus. Дрожжи). Therefore the name of the region is a literal translation of the Tatar word. The village of Staroye Drozhzhanoe is located on swampy ground. When the first inhabitants tried the water, it gave off

2318-404: The land to the Buinsky district in 1963. Three years later in 1966 the Drozhzhanovsky district was reestablished within its modern borders which have remained relatively unchanged since. In 1998 the Drozhzhanovsky district was headed by Dzhevdet Gafurov. A criminal case was opened against him on the basis of the misuse of budgetary funds, which led to his resignation in 2006. Timur Nagumanov became

2379-468: The level of wages, budgetary provision and investments in fixed assets. The Drozhzhanovsky district was an outlier in terms of average salaries which averaged 20 thousand rubles and nd for the first half of 2020 investment in fixed assets excluding expenditures from budgetary funds amounted to 465 million rubles. Among the large industrial enterprises in the region is Drozhzhanovskiy butter and cheese plant. The largest regional and main town-forming enterprise

2440-633: The mid-17th century. On September 15, 1780, Empress Catherine the Great granted the village of Buinskoye, also known as Arkhangelskoye, the status of a town. Until 1921, the territory was part of the Buinsky county ( uyezd ) of the Simbirsk province . In the 1920s-1930s it belonged to the Buinsky canton. On August 10, 1930, the Presidium of the All-Russian Central Executive Committee adopted

2501-549: The middle of the 17th century, including in particular the village of Ubei which was founded around this time. There are two versions of the origin of its name. According to the first, it comes from the Chuvash word "Uba (Bear). According to the second, it comes from the male Chuvash name "Upi . The territory of the district belonged to the Buinsky Uyezd of the Simbirsk Governorate until 1920. The Drozhzhanovsky district

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2562-495: The next head of the district administration in 2007. Following Nagumanov the head of the Drozhzhanovsky district has been Marat Gafarov since 2018. According to statistics from January 2020, 21,569 people live in the Drozhzhanovsky district [4]. The population of the district is mixed with Tatars making up 57.5% Chuvash 41.1% and Russians 1.1%. There are 52 settlements in Drozhzhanovsky district, grouped into 19 rural settlements [5]. The administrative centers of rural settlements are

2623-441: The odor of yeast. This story gave name to the district. The topography of the region is characterized dense forests, large lakes, swamps and bogs in more ancient times. Prehistoric animals and birds of that time including huge mammoths lived on the territory of the modern district. The development of the modern territory of the Drozhzhanovsky district began even during the reign of Volga Bulgaria . Settlements of Tatars appeared in

2684-696: The opening of China in 1979 by Deng Xiaoping was the Shenzhen Special Economic Zone , which encouraged foreign investment and simultaneously accelerated industrialization in this region. These zones attracted investment from multinational corporations and allowed export-oriented Chinese businesses to respond quickly to demand in foreign markets. China continues to maintain Special Economic Zones and certain open coastal areas. Most of China's SEZs are located in former treaty ports and therefore have symbolic significance in demonstrating

2745-402: The park amounted to 16 million rubles in 2017. The project includes the creation of 900 jobs on the territory of the industrial park by 2021, and in total there the park hopes to attract be about 20 residents. The "Pektin" company proposed plans for a biotechnopark project for the processing of agricultural products worth about 1.3 billion rubles and employing 170 people in 2020. The main task of

2806-618: The period 1990 to 2018 establishing SEZs in Nigeria (two), Zambia, Djibouti, Kenya, Mauritius, Mauritania, Egypt, and Algeria. Generally, the Chinese government takes a hands-off approach, leaving it to Chinese enterprises to work to establish such zones (although it does provide support in the form of grants, loans, and subsidies, including support via the China Africa Development Fund ). The Forum on China-Africa Cooperation promotes these SEZs heavily. As of at least 2024, there

2867-406: The plant are used only for cooling dairy products. The district administration is ready to invest in production as soon as the issue of ownership is resolved. The Drozhzhanovsky district has been a participant in the mini-farm construction program since 2015. A resident of the village of Bolshaya Tsilna received a regional subsidy of 400 thousand rubles for the development of his farm in 2019. During

2928-418: The purpose of economic development. Section 936 corporate tax exemptions for Puerto Rico began with Operation Bootstrap in the 1940s and ended in 2006. The federal minimum wage for U.S. territories has in the past been lower than in the states, and as of 2024, American Samoa is still adjusting upward to the nation-wide minimum. Modern SEZs appeared from the late-1950s in industrial countries. The first

2989-480: The region belong to the food industry sector and are mainly located in the administrative center as well as in the village of Laschi. In the first half of 2020, the amount of goods exported by the region amounted to 3.7 billion rubles. This amount exceeded the sum total of exports by the region for the entirety of 2013, which amounted to 3.3 billion rubles. The region is part of the Predvolzhskaya economic zone and

3050-526: The region. Among the leading agricultural enterprises in the district are Niva, Chernov, Druzhba, Avangard, Vamin-Bua, Commune, Bola, Tinchali, Runga, Bua, Churakovo, Cherken, Kiyatskoye and others. In the first half of 2020, the region’s gross agricultural output amounted to 1.4 billion rubles. In the period from 2010 to 2020, the ratio of the average monthly wage to the minimum consumer budget increased from 1.92 to 2.2. The unemployment rate from 2013 to 2020 rose from 0.66% to 1.74% respectively. According to

3111-421: The regional center Staroye Drozhzhanoe. In 2019 the education system in the district included 24 general education and 8 secondary schools. There is a youth sports school with 600 students enrolled in various sports programs including hockey, football, skiing, kurash , boxing, volleyball, and basketball. The district also hosts 49 houses of culture, 21 clubs, 32 libraries, two museums, and a music school. In 2020,

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3172-469: The territories of the republic's municipalities and local authorities can initiate the creation of SEZs. Among the benefits for residents of SEZs are a decrease in the rate of income tax credited to the republican budget, and property tax incentives. But the law was not adopted in 2019. Representatives of the Drozhzhanovsky District signed an agreement with Chinese investors on the construction of

3233-454: The village of Novy Ubei and the branch of the agricultural firm "Ak Bars Drozhzhanoe" in the village of Shlanga . In 2020, an outbreak of Avian influenza occurred in Tatarstan, affecting poultry farms in almost all regions. The disease was caused by contact between wild birds and poultry. Local farm birds were killed and burned to prevent the spread of the epidemic. In 2012 the industrial site "Promzona-Centralnaya" with an area of 10 hectares

3294-430: The villages Tatarskiy Saplyk, Bolshaya Aksa, Bolshaya Tsilna, Gorodishche, Khornovar-Shigali, Malaya Tsilna, Nizhniy Karakitan, Mataki, Nizhneye Chekurskoye, Burunduki, Novoye Il'movo, Novyye Ishli, Ubey, Staroye Drozhzhanoye, Staryye Kakerli, Staryye Chukaly, Staroye Shaymurzino, Chuvashskoye Drozhzhanoye, and Shlanga. The magazine Realnoe Vremya compiled a rating of the districts of Tatarstan in 2016 taking into account

3355-427: The year the farm's livestock was doubled, and the proceeds from production amounted to 1.3 million rubles. The leader in milk production in the region is the "Tsilna" enterprise. The enterprise produces milk at a rate of 25 liters of milk per cow. At the same time, in 2017, the volume of milk production over eight months amounted to 17.5 thousand tons. Other large agricultural plants include "Agrofirma imeni Dementieva" in

3416-444: Was again made a separate territory. On January 31, 2005, the Buinsky district was established in its present form by a regional law. Within the framework of administrative divisions , the Buinsky district is one of the forty-three in the republic. The town of Buinsk serves as its administrative center , despite being incorporated separately as a town of republic significance — an administrative unit with status equal to that of

3477-560: Was carried out by the Heraldic Council under the President of the Republic of Tatarstan together with the Union of Heraldists of Russia. For centuries the territory of the Buinsky district was a natural divide protecting the region from nomadic raids — this is symbolically represented on the canvas by a jagged dividing line. The sifted wheat allegorizes the developed agriculture of the district;

3538-496: Was established in the village of Staroye Drozhzhanoe [53]. Shortly afterwards in 2014 the "Drozhzhanoe" industrial park designed to improve the economic situation in the region was created in the district. The following incentives are provided for residents: income tax reduced by 4.5%, property tax reduced by 22 times. The first resident of the park was the Moscow company "Formplast", which produces polymer products. Its initial investment in

3599-466: Was formed in 1930, but its borders changed several times after the abolition of the canton. Several village councils were transferred to the Budyonnovsky district. By the 1940s the Drozhzhanovsky district only encompassed 824 km. Later part of the territory of the abolished Tsilninsky district became part of the district on October 12, 1959. The Drozhzhanovsky district was completely abolished, transferring

3660-621: Was in Shannon Airport in County Clare , Ireland . Some tax-free jurisdictions such as the Cayman Islands offer technology companies a way to keep their IP offshore in a Special Economic Zone (see Cayman Enterprise City ). From the 1970s onward, zones providing labour-intensive manufacturing have been established, starting in Latin America and East Asia . The first in China following

3721-447: Was subsequently replaced by Marat A. Zyabbarov who occupied this post until September 2020, when he was transferred to another position. Following Zyabbarov, Ranis R. Kamartdinov became the head of the municipal district. In total, 48.2% of the district's population live the town of Buinsk. According to data from the 2010 census, Tatars make up the majority of the population while 20% are Chuvashs , and 13% are Russians . The region

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