A fantasy sport (also known less commonly as rotisserie or roto ) is a game, often played using the Internet, where participants assemble imaginary or virtual teams composed of proxies of real players of a professional sport. These teams compete based on the statistical performance of those players in actual games. This performance is converted into points that are compiled and totaled according to a roster selected by each fantasy team's manager. These point systems can be simple enough to be manually calculated by a "league commissioner " who coordinates and manages the overall league, or points can be compiled and calculated using computers tracking actual results of the professional sport. In fantasy sports, as in real sports, team owners draft, trade, and cut (drop) players.
119-574: Dream11 is an Indian fantasy sports platform that allows users to play daily fantasy sports contests, primarily in cricket . In April 2019, Dream11 became the first Indian fantasy sport company to become a unicorn . In November 2021, Dream11 was valued at $ 8 billion. In October 2023, Dream11 claimed to have 200 million users. Dream11 was co-founded by Harsh Jain (son of Indian businessman Anand Jain) and Bhavit Sheth in 2008. In 2012, they introduced freemium fantasy sports in India for cricket fans. In 2014,
238-526: A Hindu Rajput family to Pan Singh and Devaki Devi. His parents hailed from Lwali village in Uttar Pradesh (now Uttarakhand ) and he was the youngest of three children. His family spells the surname as "Dhauni". The spelling "Dhoni" emerged due to a spelling mistake in his school certificates and, despite repeated attempts by his family, has never been rectified. Dhoni did his schooling at DAV Jawahar Vidya Mandir where he started playing football as
357-403: A goal keeper but later moved to play cricket on the suggestion of his coach Keshav Banerjee. From 2001 to 2003, Dhoni worked as a Travelling Ticket Examiner (TTE) at Kharagpur under South Eastern Railway zone of Indian Railways . He played as a wicket-keeper for Commando cricket club from 1995 to 1998 and Central Coal Fields Limited (CCL) team in 1998. At CCL, he batted higher up
476-590: A $ 2 billion industry in the United States, experiencing 10.7% annual growth and employing 4,386 people in 292 businesses. According to the Fantasy Sports Trade Association, in 2017, the size of the fantasy sports industry reached $ 7.22 billion, per research by Ipsos . The study estimated that there were 59.3 million fantasy sports players in the United States and Canada as of that year. The Fantasy Sports & Gaming Association estimates that
595-429: A batsman, he is recognized for his finishing skills in high-pressure situations. As a wicket-keeper, he has been praised for his fast reflexes behind the stumps while also being criticized for the lack of good technique. He is known for his unorthodox captaincy, approachability and has earned a reputation of being a successful leader. Dhoni is also known for his cool-headed demeanor on the field which has earned him
714-524: A fantasy program called The Fantasy Show hosted by long time staff writer Matthew Berry . The Fantasy Show utilizes puppets and comedy to present statistical information about NFL players. ESPN also aires a show on Sunday mornings during the NFL season called Fantasy Football Now. "Fantasy Football Now" airs live on Sunday mornings during the NFL season, a time when fans are making last-minute roster moves and need
833-512: A form of sports wagering. A Florida state attorney general's opinion in 1991 called into doubt the legality of fantasy football contests, but companies have operated in the state without any legal action. Since then nine other AGs have issued options, statements or formal opinions that equate DFS with gambling. However, several other Attorneys General have issued opinions that DFS are legal games of skill. In August 2015 in Kansas, due to uncertainty with
952-526: A four-year sponsorship deal for the IPL in 2019. [REDACTED] The Fantasy Sports Trade Association was formed in 1998 to represent the growing industry in the United States and Canada. Now known as the Fantasy Sports & Gaming Association, the organization aims to support fantasy sports, sports gambling in general, and its associated businesses and participants. The Fantasy Sports Writers Association
1071-468: A funding round led by Tiger Global , D1 Capital , Falcon Edge, DST Global , and Redbird Capital. In 2017, a case was registered against the company in an Indian High Court . The court, in its ruling, stated that playing the Dream11 game involves superior knowledge, judgement and attention. The Court also held that "the element of skill" had a predominant influence on the outcome of the Dream11 game. However,
1190-652: A league stage match against Mumbai Indians on 14 April 2024, helping his team secure a 20-run win, following his unbeaten four-ball 20. Dhoni holds an honorary rank of Lieutenant Colonel in the Parachute Regiment of the Indian Territorial Army (106 Para TA battalion). The honorary rank was presented to him by the Indian Army in 2011 for his service to the nation as a cricketer. After completing five parachute training jumps from Indian Army aircraft in
1309-479: A losing cause. Dhoni's contribution in the tournament included 488 runs in nine matches with five fifties, 17 catches and seven stumpings . Dhoni made it to the East Zone U-19 squad for the C. K. Nayudu Trophy in the 1999–2000 season and scored only 97 runs in four matches, as East Zone lost all the matches and finished last in the tournament. Dhoni made his Ranji Trophy debut for Bihar against Assam in
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#17330856914211428-519: A major statistical provider to fantasy sports companies, won a court case, along with Motorola , on appeal against the NBA in which the NBA was trying to stop STATS from distributing in game score information via a special wireless device created by Motorola. The victory played a large part in defending other cases where sports leagues have tried to suppress live in-game information from their events being distributed by other outlets. The victory also accelerated
1547-715: A multi-year sponsorship deal with the NHL. In April 2015, after the NFL began to allow daily fantasy providers to sign multi-year team sponsorship deals, FanDuel reached deals with sixteen teams for placements on team-oriented digital properties, radio broadcasts, and within their stadiums. DraftKings has also received investments from Jerry Jones and Robert Kraft , who own the Dallas Cowboys and New England Patriots , respectively. The legality of daily fantasy sports has been questioned, with critics arguing that they more closely resemble proposition wagering on athlete performance than
1666-491: A paid model in the wake of Yahoo's decision, some smaller sites, such as RotoWire, began offering paid products as they started losing business to larger competitors. CBS, which had transitioned to a free model for its league commissioner services, switched back to a paid model before the 2002 MLB season. A trade group for the industry, the Fantasy Sports Trade Association , was formed in 1998. Now known as
1785-505: A portion of which funds a prize pool that is distributed among the game's winner or winners. In June 2007, Fantasy Sports Live, one of the first daily fantasy sites, was launched. In November 2008, NBC launched a daily fantasy site called SnapDraft, and FanDuel was founded in 2009 as a spin-off of a Scottish prediction market company . DraftKings was founded in 2012. Following venture capital investments from various firms, including from professional sports leagues such as MLB and
1904-801: A traditional fantasy sports game. However, following the 2018 United States Supreme Court decision in Murphy v. National Collegiate Athletic Association , which allowed states to legalize sports betting, questions surrounding the legality of daily fantasy sports, as well as fantasy sports in general, within the United States have largely been settled. As of May 2023, while 33 US states have operational legalized sports betting, 45 states have legalized daily fantasy sports. As of May 2023, DraftKings and FanDuel operate daily fantasy contests in 44 states each. Only one state, Montana , has officially banned online fantasy sports. In May 2015, Australian market research firm IBISWorld reported that fantasy sports comprised
2023-450: A user must be at least 18 years old and needs to get their profile verified using their PAN. Fantasy sports The history of fantasy games can be traced to the 19th century. The tabletop game Sebring Parlor Base Ball , introduced in 1866, allowed participants to simulate games by propelling a coin into slots on a wooden board. Later games featured outcomes determined by dice rolls or spinners. In 1930, Clifford Van Beek designed
2142-539: A weekly basis during the NFL season hosted by Katy Winge and features industry experts Brad Evans and Nate Lundy. Fantasy sports are generally considered to be a form of gambling , though they are far less strictly regulated than other forms of sports betting . Unlike traditional sports betting, fantasy sports are generally viewed as "games of skill," rather than "games of chance," thus exempting them from gambling bans and regulations in many jurisdictions. The Unlawful Internet Gambling Enforcement Act of 2006 (UIGEA),
2261-599: A year later against Sri Lanka . In 2007, he became the captain of the ODI side before taking over in all formats by 2008. Dhoni retired from test cricket in 2014 but continued playing in limited overs cricket till 2019. He has scored 17,266 runs in international cricket including 10,000 plus runs at an average of more than 50 in ODIs. In the Indian Premier League (IPL), Dhoni plays for Chennai Super Kings (CSK), leading them to
2380-476: Is a right-handed batsman and wicket-keeper . Dhoni is an unorthodox batsman who deviates from conventional coaching manuals to showcase his batting technique. Dhoni displays a proclivity for hitting full-length deliveries towards the Long-on , Long-off , and Midwicket regions , rather than the conventional Cover region. He plays pull shots and hook shots off short-pitched deliveries often putting pressure on
2499-511: Is an Indian professional cricketer who plays as a right-handed batter and a wicket-keeper . Widely regarded as one of the most prolific wicket-keeper batsmen and captains , he represented the Indian cricket team and was the captain of the side in limited overs formats from 2007 to 2017 and in test cricket from 2008 to 2014. Dhoni has captained the most international matches and is the most successful Indian captain. He has led India to victory in
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#17330856914212618-402: Is an online game where users create a virtual team of real-life players and earn points based on the performances of these players in real matches. A user who scores the maximum points in their joined contests attains the first rank on the leader-board. Dream11 offers free and paid contests. A user has to pay a certain fee to join a contest and can win real cash. To participate in a Dream11 game,
2737-462: Is based directly or indirectly on games in which professional or amateur athletes participate or on the performance of any athletes in such games. Where states have not expressly authorized fantasy sports contests, usually general gambling laws prohibit lotteries or wagering if three elements are present: an entry fee (known as "consideration"), a prize (a "reward," in legal terms) and chance. Whether fantasy sports are legal under these laws hinges on
2856-618: Is because the Federal Wire Act prohibits the conduct of sports wagering in interstate or foreign commerce. With regard to intrastate sports wagering, in 2018 the United States Supreme Court in Murphy v. National Collegiate Athletic Association struck down the Professional and Amateur Sports Protection Act, which had prohibited states from authorizing any wagering, lottery, betting, sweepstakes or other wagering scheme that
2975-594: Is the state of Nevada, which has an exemption in PASPA to allow for sports betting. The Nevada attorney general issued an opinion that found Daily Fantasy Sports to be a form of sports wagering, similar to the current wagering offered by Nevada Sports Books. The opinions states that Daily Fantasy Sports are not illegal in Nevada; however, a sports pool license is required to conduct the activity in Nevada. Several Attorneys General have also issued opinions that Daily Fantasy Sports are
3094-566: The Hartford Courant , the Los Angeles Times , and the Miami Herald . Players chose their teams by calling a toll-free phone number and entering four-digit codes for each of their player selections. The games served as an early version of today's daily fantasy sports by rewarding each week's highest-scoring participants with prizes. In 1993, the magazine Fantasy Football Weekly
3213-587: The 2002–03 Ranji Trophy and represented East Zone in the Deodhar Trophy where he started gaining recognition for his lower-order contribution as well as hard-hitting batting style. In the 2003/04 season, Dhoni scored a century (128*) against Assam in the first match of the Ranji ODI tournament and was part of the East Zone squad that won the Deodhar Trophy 2003–2004 season scoring 244 runs in four matches. In
3332-731: The 2007 Future Cup against South Africa in Ireland and the subsequent seven-match series against England. Dhoni was awarded an 'A' grade contract by BCCI in June 2007. Dhoni was appointed as the captain of the Indian squad for the inaugural World Twenty20 in September 2007. Dhoni led India to victory in the tournament after defeating Pakistan in the final. Dhoni was appointed as the captain of Indian cricket team in all formats later. On 2 September 2007, Dhoni equaled Adam Gilchrist 's international record for
3451-592: The 2007 ICC World Twenty20 , the 2011 Cricket World Cup , and the 2013 ICC Champions Trophy , being the only captain to win three different limited overs ICC tournaments. He also led the teams that won the Asia Cup in 2010 , 2016 and was a member of the title winning squad in 2018 . Born in Ranchi , Dhoni made his first class debut for Bihar in 1999. He made his debut for the Indian cricket team on 23 December 2004 in an ODI against Bangladesh and played his first test
3570-504: The 2017 ICC Champions Trophy in which India finished as runners-up . In August 2017, during the fifth and final ODI against Sri Lanka in Colombo , he became the first wicket-keeper to effect 100 stumpings in ODIs when he stumped Akila Dananjaya off Yuzvendra Chahal . He reached the milestone of effecting 400 dismissals in ODIs in February 2018, following the stumping of Aiden Markram in
3689-604: The Carlton Mid triangular series in Australia, India failed to win a single match with Dhoni himself managing just 70 runs from three innings at an average of 23.34. During the 2015 Cricket World Cup , Dhoni became the first Indian captain to win all group stage matches in a world cup. In the match against Zimbabwe at Auckland , he made 85 which was the highest score by an Indian captain in New Zealand. After beating Bangladesh in
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3808-702: The Duleep Trophy finals, Dhoni represented East Zone and scored a fighting half-century in the second innings in a losing cause. Dhoni was identified as one of the emerging talents via the BCCI 's small-town talent-spotting initiative TRDW . In 2004, Dhoni was picked for the India A squad for a tour of Zimbabwe and Kenya . Against the Zimbabwe XI in Harare Sports Club , Dhoni effected seven catches and four stumpings. In
3927-478: The Hockey Hall of Fame . CBS Sports began offering fantasy football leagues in 1997, the same year that the fantasy news website now known as RotoWire was launched. In July 1999, Yahoo began offering its fantasy football product for free, a decision that gave the site an advantage over its competitors. The creators of Fantasy Football Weekly launched Fanball.com later that year. While some sites abandoned
4046-524: The National Basketball Association (NBA) , DraftKings and FanDuel launched an aggressive marketing campaign prior to the 2015 NFL season. At its peak, the two companies collectively ran an ad on national television in the United States once every 90 seconds. In addition to receiving direct investments from sports leagues, the two companies have reached sponsorship deals with several leagues and teams. In November 2014, DraftKings entered into
4165-454: The Strat-O-Matic game, which was first released in 1961. Daniel Okrent , who would later be credited with developing modern fantasy baseball , was an avid Strat-O-Matic player, telling Sports Illustrated in 2011 that "if there hadn't been Strat-O-Matic, I still think I would have come up with rotisserie , but unquestionably it helped." In 1961, another early form of fantasy baseball
4284-630: The 'Team of the Tournament' by the ICC. After the Champions Trophy, India toured West Indies for a tri-nation tournament against the hosts and Sri Lanka. Dhoni got injured at the start of the tournament thus ruling him out for most of the tournament and returned to play the final where he was adjudged Man of the match for scoring 45 runs off 52 balls including 16 runs in the final cricket to take India to victory by one wicket. In November 2013, Dhoni became
4403-593: The 1980s by a group of journalists who created Rotisserie League Baseball in 1980. The league was named after the New York City restaurant La Rotisserie Française, where its founders met for lunch and first played the game. Magazine writer-editor Daniel Okrent is credited with introducing the rotisserie league concept to the group and inventing the scoring system. Players in the Rotisserie League drafted teams of active MLB players and tracked their statistics during
4522-496: The 1999–2000 season, as an eighteen-year-old scoring 68 runs in the second innings. Dhoni finished the season with 283 runs in 5 matches. Dhoni scored his maiden first-class century while playing for Bihar against Bengal in the 2000–01 Ranji Trophy season. Apart from this century, his performance in the 2000/01 season did not include another score over fifty and in the 2001–02 Ranji Trophy season, he scored just five fifties in four Ranji matches. Dhoni's played for Jharkhand in
4641-423: The 50 US states . The only state with a ban on online fantasy sports that is codified in statute is Montana . As of January 2022, daily fantasy sports are legal in 45 US states, with 23 of those states explicitly passing legislation legalizing the practice. There have been other legal cases involving fantasy sports and the use of professional athletes' statistics for purposes of scoring. In 1996, STATS, Inc. ,
4760-657: The Agra training camp, he became a qualified paratrooper in 2015. In August 2019, he completed a two-week stint with the Territorial Army in Jammu and Kashmir . While spending a day with the parachute regiment in Ranchi, Dhoni said, I wanted to become a soldier not a cricketer, "Since childhood I wanted to join the Army. Seeing the soldiers, I thought that one day I'll be the same". Dhoni holds
4879-603: The Baseball Seminar league. Two years later, in a New York City hotel room during a 1962 Raiders cross-country trip, Winkenbach, along with Raiders public relations employee Bill Tunnel and Oakland Tribune reporter Scotty Stirling , developed the rules that would eventually be the basis of modern fantasy football . The inaugural league was called the Greater Oakland Professional Pigskin Prognosticators League (GOPPPL), and
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4998-468: The Fantasy Sports & Gaming Association (FSGA), the organization estimates that in 2003, there were 15.2 million fantasy sports players in the United States and Canada. During the first decade of the 2000s, fantasy sports started to become a mainstream hobby. In 2002, the National Football League (NFL) found that while the average male surveyed on its website spent 6.6 hours a week watching
5117-550: The IPL across the first eight seasons for the Super Kings. Following the two-year suspension of Chennai Super Kings and Rajasthan Royals , two new franchises Rising Pune Supergiants and Gujarat Lions were established for the 2016 Indian Premier League season. Supergiants picked Dhoni as one of their five draft picks on 15 December 2015 for ₹ 125 million (US$ 1.5 million). He scored 574 runs in 30 matches across two seasons for
5236-589: The Illegal Gambling Business Act 18 U.S. Code § 1955 (which prohibits the interstate conduct of wagering activity prohibited under state law). By contrast, the UIGEA is found in Title 31 with other anti-money laundering and financial crimes statutes. Whether state laws can regulate fantasy sports conducted across state lines depends on whether fantasy sports are a form of sports wagering under federal law. This
5355-564: The India A squad, he was picked in the ODI squad for the Bangladesh tour in December 2004. Dhoni made his debut in the first match of the series and was run out for a duck . Dhoni was picked for the subsequent ODI series against Pakistan . In the second match of the series in Visakhapatnam , Dhoni playing in his fifth one-day international, scored 148 runs off 123 deliveries which surpassed
5474-665: The Indian Premier League in 2016 and their return to win the title in 2018. The production house produced a Tamil language romantic drama LGM which was released on 28 July 2023. Dhoni performed a special cameo appearance in Vijay 's film G.O.A.T set to be released on 5 September 2024. Dhoni is one of the most popular cricketers in the world. He serves as a brand ambassador and endorses more than 35 brands across various segments. As of 2022 , Dhoni has more than 75 million followers on social media platforms and his brand value
5593-477: The Supergiants. Dhoni returned to CSK for the 2018 season . He scored 455 runs and led his team to its third IPL title. Dhoni led CSK to the title again in 2021 and was retained for ₹ 12 crore (US$ 1.4 million) before the auction for the 2022 season. Dhoni stepped down from captaincy ahead of that season and Ravindra Jadeja was appointed the new captain. However, a month later, Jadeja handed over
5712-522: The T20I squad for the series that followed and the Australia tour later that season. However, he was included in the squad for the ODI series in Australia. In the three-match series, Dhoni scored half-centuries in all three games with the latter two resulting in wins, helping India secure a 2–1 series victory, their first in a bilateral series on Australian soil and was named player of the series while also becoming
5831-480: The UIGEA exempted fantasy sports from its definition of a bet or wager, there is a misconception that fantasy sports were made legal by the UIGEA. However the UIGEA is not a criminal gambling statute, and it specifically does not alter any criminal gambling laws and thus does not make fantasy sports legal. Federal criminal gambling statutes are found in Title 18 of U.S. Code, such as the Federal Wire Act 18 U.S. Code § 1084 (which prohibits interstate sports wagering) and
5950-546: The World Cup. Dhoni led India to victory in the 2016 Asia Cup where India remained unbeaten. Dhoni stepped down as captain of India in January 2017 ahead of the ODI series at home against England. In the second game of the series, he scored 134 off 122 balls, his tenth century in ODIs and his first in over three years. He was named as a wicket-keeper of the 'Team of the Tournament' at
6069-541: The above partnership, Dream11 introduced two new games on their platform viz., kabaddi and hockey . In October 2019, New Zealand Cricket (NZC) announced Dream11 as the title sponsor for the Super Smash domestic Twenty20 competition. In January 2021, this partnership was extended for another six years until 2026. On 18 August 2020, Dream11 won the title sponsorship rights for the 2020 Indian Premier League for ₹ 222 crore (US$ 29.96 million), after Vivo pulled out for
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#17330856914216188-432: The act does not alter the legality of any particular activity permitted or prohibited under other laws, it does contain some express exemptions to its funds transfer prohibitions. One of these exemptions from the UIGEA prohibitions is for fantasy sports that meet certain criteria. Specifically, fantasy sports that are based on teams of real multiple athletes from multiple real world teams, that have prizes established before
6307-749: The ages of 18 and 34, and 84% had a college degree or higher. A 2015 analysis found that 89.8% were white and 51.5% were unmarried. According to the FSGA, the most popular fantasy sport in the US and Canada is gridiron football , which is played by approximately 79% of fantasy participants. The next most popular sports are basketball (32%), baseball (22%), ice hockey (12%), association football (11%), and college football (11%). Research has shown that fantasy players are also generally stronger consumers of alcoholic beverages, fast food, airline travel, video games, sports periodicals, athletic shoes, and cell phones relative to
6426-555: The board game National Pastime , which contained customized baseball cards of Major League Baseball (MLB) players. After rolling a pair of dice, participants would consult the card of the MLB player " at bat " to determine an outcome, which could range from a single , double , triple , or home run to a strikeout , putout , walk , or error . Players with better statistics in the previous season were more likely to receive favorable outcomes; this allowed National Pastime to become one of
6545-404: The bowler to adjust their line and length accordingly. Dhoni holds the bat with a firm grip at the bottom of the handle, striking the ball with force and precision to clear the boundary. He is a powerful hitter of the ball and is one of the fastest men in running between the wickets. He plays the helicopter shot technique, taught to him by a fellow player and childhood friend Santosh Lal . As
6664-492: The captaincy back to Dhoni in the middle of the season. Dhoni led the franchise to victory again the following season . Under his captaincy, CSK became the most successful IPL franchise with five title wins and ten final appearances. Dhoni became the first player to play 200 T20 matches for CSK and holds the record for most appearances in the IPL. Ahead of the 2024 season , Dhoni handed over captaincy to Ruturaj Gaikwad . He marked his 250th appearance for CSK in this season, in
6783-563: The company in 2013. In February 2005, Dhoni played for India seniors in Challenger trophy , where he scored 102 against India B. Jharkhand State Cricket Association (JSCA) appointed him captain of the Jharkhand team in February 2017 for the 2017-18 Vijay Hazare trophy and on 25 February 2017, he scored his first ever domestic list-A century against Chhattisgarh and led the team to the quarter final where Jharkhand lost against Delhi . Dhoni
6902-514: The company reported 1 million registered users, which grew to 2 million in 2016 and to 45 million in 2018. In April 2019, Steadview Capital completed secondary investment in Dream11. Apart from Steadview, Dream11's investors included Kalaari Capital , Think Investments, Multiples Equity and Tencent . In April 2019, they launched FanCode, an ad-free multi-sport aggregator platform offering content, commerce and community engagement. In 2021, Dream 11's parent company, Dream Sports raised $ 840 million in
7021-470: The company. On 11 October 2022, Dhoni invested in Shaka Harry, a plant-based protein company. In 2019, Dhoni Entertainment entered into a long-term business agreement with Banijay Asia to produce content across various genres. The first show developed by the company was a documentary web series titled Roar of The Lion for Disney+ Hotstar in 2019 which dealt with the ban of Chennai Super Kings from
7140-474: The definition of "chance" that the state applies. For some states, if skill dominates the outcome of the event, then the contest is legal, and passes what is called the "dominant factor test." Other states with a stricter definition of chance, called "any chance test," have made fantasy football illegal. Several states have clarified that paid fantasy sports contests are games of skill and exempt from gambling laws, beginning with Maryland in 2012. One exception
7259-404: The demand for real-time statistics amid the growth of the fantasy sports industry. The development of fantasy sports produced tension between fantasy sports companies and professional leagues and players associations over the rights to player profiles and statistics. The players associations of the major sports leagues believed that fantasy games using player names were subject to licensing due to
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#17330856914217378-514: The earlier record for the highest score by an Indian wicket-keeper. Dhoni played in the Sri Lankan bilateral ODI series in October–November 2005 and was promoted to No. 3 in the batting order in the third ODI at Jaipur where he scored an unbeaten 183 runs off 145 balls, winning the game for India. The innings would surpass his earlier record for the highest score by an Indian wicket-keeper and
7497-463: The end of a given tournament, with the lowest combined total of strokes winning. He also created a baseball game in which players drafted hitters and pitchers, comparing their real-life statistics against each other. These early experiments, however, failed to spread to the general public. In 1960, sociologist William A. Gamson developed the Baseball Seminar league, in which participants would draft rosters of active MLB players and compare results at
7616-471: The end of the season based on the players' final batting averages , earned run averages , runs batted in , and win totals. Gamson would go on to play the game as a professor at the University of Michigan, where another competitor was Bob Sklar. One of Sklar's students was Daniel Okrent. According to Alan Schwarz's The Numbers Game: Baseball’s Lifelong Fascination with Statistics , Sklar told Okrent about
7735-511: The ensuing years. In October of that year, a fantasy hockey website was released by Molson Breweries as part of the company's "I am Online" marketing strategy centered around its I am Canadian advertising campaign. The site focused on music, entertainment and hockey in general in addition to fantasy competitions. It allowed users to register accounts and participate in fantasy leagues of nine teams. The site included updates of National Hockey League (NHL) statistics and provided content from
7854-440: The event starts, that use the skill of participants to determine the outcome, are exempted from the definition of a bet or wager that is the basis for requiring banks to identify and block funds transfers. According to Congressman Jim Leach , an author of the UIGEA, exemptions, particularly one for fantasy sports, were included to relieve the burden of enforcement on banks and the UIGEA does not make fantasy sports legal. Because
7973-444: The fans or could it be construed as gambling ." However, leagues began to embrace fantasy sports as their value towards increasing fans' consumption of sports became more evident. Daily fantasy sports are accelerated versions of the traditional fantasy format in which contests are conducted over shorter periods than a full season, often lasting one week or even a single day. Daily fantasy games are typically subject to an entry fee,
8092-577: The fantasy industry has also experienced a recent period of growth. The development of daily fantasy sports has encouraged growth in European markets. ESPN Super Selector launched in 2001 for fantasy cricket and had 500,000 users during the 2003 Cricket World Cup . By 2017, there were 40 million fantasy sports players in India. In 2019, the number had grown to 90 million, and in 2020, an estimated 100 million Indians participated in fantasy sports. The market leader in fantasy sports in India, Dream11 , signed
8211-449: The final on ten occasions and winning it five times ( 2010 , 2011 , 2018 , 2021 and 2023 ). He has also led CSK to two Champions League T20 titles in 2010 and 2014 . Dhoni is amongst the few batsmen to have scored more than five thousand runs in the IPL, as well as being the first wicketkeeper to do so. In 2008, Dhoni was awarded India's highest sport honor Major Dhyan Chand Khel Ratna Award by Government of India . He received
8330-588: The finals. In the 2006 ICC Champions Trophy , India lost to West Indies and Australia , though Dhoni scored a half-century against West Indies and failed to make it to the knock out stage. In the ODI series in South Africa in November 2006, Dhoni scored 139 runs in four matches in the series loss. In the test series that followed, Dhoni scored 114 runs in two tests including a first test victory in South Africa in
8449-575: The first draft took place at Winkenbach's home in Oakland in August 1963. One of the league's original members, Andy Mousalimas, owned a sports bar in Oakland called the King's X, where the first public fantasy football league was founded in 1969. The idea spread by word of mouth when the patrons of other Bay Area bars visited the King's X for trivia contests. Modern fantasy baseball was developed and popularized in
8568-478: The first games to try to simulate the performances of real-life MLB players. An example of such games was APBA , which was first released in 1951 and also contained cards of MLB players with in-game outcomes correlated to their stats from past seasons. Participants could compose fantasy teams from the cards and play against each other or recreate previous seasons using the statistics on the cards. Individual player cards and dice roll simulations were also emulated in
8687-649: The first match of the ODI series in May 2007 which fetched the Man of the Match award while also later winning the Man of the Series after the third game of the series was washed away. Dhoni played for ACC Asia XI cricket team in the Afro-Asia Cup , scoring 174 runs in three matches at an average of 87 including 139 off 97 balls in the third ODI. Dhoni was named vice-captain of the ODI team for
8806-508: The first national magazine dedicated to fantasy football, was launched by Ian Allan and Bruce Taylor. Fantasy Sports Magazine debuted in 1989 as the first regular publication covering more than one fantasy sport. In 1990, a pair of nationwide fantasy games, Dugout Derby and Pigskin Playoff, were launched in a variety of newspapers across the United States, including the Arizona Republic ,
8925-458: The first test, but was ruled out of the third test with injury. Dhoni made his T20 international debut in December 2006 against South Africa at Johannesburg . Dhoni was subsequently named in the ODI team of the year by the ICC for 2006. India recorded identical 3–1 victory over West Indies and Sri Lanka in early 2007 with Dhoni averaging in excess of 100 in both the series. Subsequently, Dhoni
9044-723: The fourth Indian to score more than 1,000 ODI runs in Australia. In April 2019, he was named in India's squad for the 2019 Cricket World Cup . On 9 July 2019, Dhoni played in his 350th and final ODI in the semi-final loss against New Zealand . Dhoni announced his retirement from international cricket on 15 August 2020 as he had not played any international cricket since India's loss in the 2019 world cup semi-final. Dhoni played for Bihar state cricket team since 1999 before representing Jharkhand later. He has also played for Rajasthan Cricket Association President's XI, East zone and Rest of India in domestic cricket. In BCCI Corporate trophy , he played for Air India until his resignation from
9163-468: The fourth highest civilian award Padma Shri in 2009 and third highest civilian award Padma Bhushan in 2018. Dhoni holds an honorary rank of Lieutenant Colonel in the Parachute Regiment of the Indian Territorial Army which was presented to him by the Indian Army in 2011. He is one of the most popular cricketers in the world. Dhoni was born on 7 July 1981 in Ranchi , Bihar (now in Jharkhand ) in
9282-512: The general population. The FSGA reported in 2019 that fantasy players were also far more likely to use Instagram or Snapchat , visit a sports bar, and get food delivered than the general population. Due to the popularity of fantasy sports, major sports networks such as ESPN , NFL Network , and Fox Sports have created dedicated weekly fantasy programming to analyze player performance and predict outcomes in relation to particular scoring systems. ESPN's on-demand streaming platform ESPN+ offers
9401-470: The group stage match against Afghanistan due to regular captain Rohit Sharma being unavailable, Dhoni became the first cricketer to lead India 200 times in ODIs. Dhoni aggregated 50 runs from three innings in the home series against West Indies . In the series, he effected the fastest stumping in the history of cricket, clocked at 0.08 seconds, when dismissing Keemo Paul . Dhoni was not selected for
9520-441: The highest averages in ODI cricket. Dhoni has scored more than 3200 runs across 377 T20 matches. Dhoni has taken 634 catches and effected 195 stumpings in his international career making him one of the most prolific wicket-keepers of all time. In 2007, Dhoni was appointed captain of the captain of the Indian team and served as the captain of all formats from 2008. He captained the Indian team in 332 matches including 200 ODIs and
9639-587: The latest news from around the league. Providing the latest info are analysts Matthew Berry , Field Yates and licensed physical therapist Stephania Bell , who gives injury updates. NFL Network aires NFL Fantasy Live as an hour long program containing a consistent weekly segment list that viewers can count on to help them manage their team. NFL Fantasy Live is hosted by Cole Wright and features Michael Fabiano, Adam Rank, Marcas Grant, Akbar Gbaja-Biamila , Graham Barfield and statistics analytics expert Cynthia Frelund . Fox Sports Net aires Fantasy Football Hour on
9758-601: The law does not allow fantasy sports in a few Indian states like Assam , Telangana and Andhra Pradesh . A challenge to this judgement was filed with the Supreme Court of India , which dismissed the appeal. The judgement provided legality to the company and allowed them to run their operations throughout the country. In October 2021, Dream11 suspended its operations in Karnataka after the state prohibited online gambling and wagering. In February 2022, Dream11 resumed operations in
9877-490: The lawsuit it would have a dramatic impact on the industry, which was largely ignored by the major sports leagues for years while a number of smaller entrepreneurs grew it into a multibillion-dollar industry, and a ruling could allow the MLBAM to have a monopoly over the industry. Mahendra Singh Dhoni Mahendra Singh Dhoni ( / m ə ˈ h eɪ n d r ə ˈ s ɪ ŋ d h æ ˈ n ɪ / ; born 7 July 1981)
9996-643: The league on television, fantasy players surveyed said they watched 8.4 hours of NFL football per week. "This is the first time we've been able to demonstrate specifically that fantasy play drives TV viewing," said Chris Russo, the NFL's senior vice president at the time. As a result of the survey's findings, the league made fantasy offerings more prominent on its website and produced television ads for fantasy football featuring active players. Prior to these developments, fantasy sports were largely viewed negatively by major sports leagues, with Russo later recalling that "there were concerns about whether it would be right for
10115-613: The monicker "Captain cool". Dhoni married Sakshi Singh Rawat on 4 July 2010 in Dehradun . Dhoni and his wife have a daughter, Ziva Dhoni who was born on 6 February 2015. He lives in his farmhouse outside Ranchi. Dhoni is an automotive enthusiast and owns a number of bikes and cars in his collection. Dhoni has scored 4876 runs in Test matches at an average of 38 and 10773 runs at an average of above 50 in ODIs. He has scored 16 centuries and 106 fifties in his international career. Dhoni has one of
10234-406: The most dismissals in an innings in ODI by effecting six dismissals against England. Dhoni took his first and only wicket in international cricket on 30 September 2009 when he bowled Travis Dowlin of West Indies in the 2009 ICC Champions Trophy . However, he scored just three runs in the only match he batted with India crashing out of the series in the group stage after the match against Australia
10353-512: The number of fantasy sports players in the US and Canada grew from 500,000 in 1988 to 15.2 million in 2003, declining slightly over the next few years before growing to 29.9 million in 2008 and 62.5 million in 2022. In 2015, Forbes estimated that the number of yearly non-betting fantasy sports users had grown 25% since 2011. This growth encouraged hundreds of millions of dollars in investments into emerging daily fantasy sports leagues, such as FanDuel and DraftKings . Outside of North America,
10472-540: The opportunity to write about baseball-related material during the 1981 Major League Baseball strike , saying "the writers who were covering baseball had nothing to write about, so they began writing about the teams they had assembled in their own leagues. And that was what popularized it and spread it around very, very widely." Before the advent of the Internet , fantasy sports grew through print publications, such as magazines and newspapers. In 1987, Fantasy Football Index ,
10591-526: The order and helped the team qualify to the higher division. Based on his performance at club cricket, he was picked for the 1997/98 season of Vinoo Mankad Trophy under-16 championship. In the 1998–99, Dhoni played for Bihar U-19 team in the Cooch Behar Trophy and scored 176 runs in 5 matches. In the 1999–2000 Cooch Behar Trophy, the Bihar U-19 cricket team made it to the finals, where Dhoni made 84 in
10710-433: The parent company of CDM Sports. When CBC was denied a new licensing agreement with MLBAM (they had acquired the rights from the baseball players' association) for its fantasy baseball game, CBC filed suit. CBC argued that intellectual property laws and so-called "right of publicity" laws don't apply to the statistics used in fantasy sports. The FSTA filed an amicus curiae in support of CBC, also arguing that if MLBAM won
10829-519: The performances of real athletes, they were not designed to be played out over the course of a season, nor did they take current statistics into account, relying instead on those from previous years. In the 1950s, Oakland, California businessman and future limited partner in the Oakland Raiders Wilfred "Bill" Winkenbach developed a fantasy golf game in which participants would select a roster of professional golfers and compare their scores at
10948-771: The post of vice-president in India Cements Ltd , the company owned by former BCCI president N. Srinivasan . Dhoni is a co-owner of Chennai -based football club Chennaiyin FC , a franchise of the Indian Super League . He also co-owns Ranchi-based hockey club Ranchi Rays , a franchise of the Hockey India League . In February 2016, Dhoni launched lifestyle brand SEVEN which he co-owns while also serving as its brand ambassador. In 2019, Dhoni invested in vehicle re-seller CARS24 and simultaneously became brand ambassador of
11067-415: The quarter finals, he became the third overall and the first non-Australian captain to win 100 ODI matches. India lost to eventual champions Australia in the semi-finals with Dhoni having a good series, scoring 237 runs in six innings at an average of 59.25 and a strike rate of 102.15 and thus, became only the second Indian captain to have an average over 50 and strike rate over 100 in a particular season of
11186-505: The right of publicity of the players involved. Since the player names were being used as a group, the players had assigned their publicity rights to the players association who then signed licensing deals. During the 1980s and 1990s many companies signed licensing deals with the player associations, but some companies did not. The issue came to a head with the lawsuit of Major League Baseball Advanced Media (MLBAM) , MLB's Internet company, vs. St. Louis-based CBC Distribution and Marketing Inc.,
11305-428: The season to compile their scores. Like the Baseball Seminar league, rather than using statistics for seasons whose outcomes were already known to simulate in-game outcomes, team owners would have to make predictions about the statistics that MLB players would accumulate during the upcoming season. Rotisserie baseball, nicknamed roto , proved to be popular despite the difficulties of compiling statistics by hand, which
11424-767: The season. On 30 June 2023, Dream11 acquired the lead jersey sponsorship rights of the Indian National Cricket Team from July 2023 till March 2026 for ₹358 crore. The company had first signed commentator Harsha Bhogle as their brand ambassador in 2017 IPL. Cricketer Mahendra Singh Dhoni was the brand ambassador of Dream11 and launched the "Dimaag se Dhoni" media campaign during the 2018 Indian Premier League . In 2019, Dream11 signed up seven cricketers and partnered with seven Indian Premier League franchise as part of its multi-channel marketing campaign. In March 2022, Dream11 announced actors Kartik Aaryan and Samantha Ruth Prabhu as their brand ambassadors. This
11543-474: The second India batsman after Sachin Tendulkar to aggregate more than thousand runs in ODIs against Australia. India toured South Africa and New Zealand in the 2013–14 season. Though Dhoni scored 84 runs at an average of 48 including one half-century against South Africa and 272 runs with three consecutive 50-plus scores against New Zealand, India lost both the series. Dhoni himself reached 8000 runs in ODI in
11662-598: The second test in Faisalabad . He scored 106 runs across three tests in the home series against England in March 2006 and 177 runs in five ODI series that followed. Dhoni dropped multiple catches and missed dismissal chances including a key stumping opportunity of Andrew Flintoff which led to criticism of his wicket-keeping. In the DLF Cup 2006-07 , Dhoni scored 43 runs as the team lost twice in three games and did not qualify for
11781-550: The series against New Zealand. Dhoni led India in the 2014 ICC World Twenty20 where India finished as runners-up after losing to Sri Lanka in the final. He was named as captain and wicket-keeper of the 'Team of the Tournament' by the ICC. India won the away ODI series in England in 2014 and series against West Indies in India where Dhoni scored 146 runs across the five innings he batted. Dhoni played his last series during India's tour of Australia in December 2014. Following
11900-677: The state after the Karnataka High Court reversed the ban on online gambling and repealed a complaint lodged against the company. Despite it being adjudged to be a "game of skill", experts believe that the company operates in the country's regulatory "grey area". In 2017, the company partnered with three leagues within cricket, football and basketball. Dream11 became the Official Fantasy Partner for Caribbean Premier League , Indian Super League and US professional basketball league National Basketball Association (NBA). Later in
12019-474: The state's Racing and Gaming Commission position, the state's attorney general issued an opinion that daily fantasy sports was a skill game and thus permitted under state law. Kansas Gov. Sam Brownback signed legislation a month later authorizing fantasy gaming. The Attorneys General of West Virginia and Rhode Island have also issued opinions that clarified the legality of DFS and paid fantasy sports. As of January 2022, online fantasy sports are legal in 49 of
12138-405: The third ODI of the South Africa tour . Though he had a relatively mediocre series scoring 79 runs in two innings at a strike rate of 63.20 during India's 2018 tour of England , he went past 10,000 ODI runs, becoming the fourth Indian and twelfth overall to do so. In the 2018 Asia Cup title winning campaign, he scored just 77 runs in four innings at an average of 19.25. While captaining in
12257-462: The third Test in Melbourne , Dhoni announced his retirement from the format. In his last test, he effected nine dismissals (eight catches and a stumping), and in the process, went past Kumar Sangakkara 's record for most stumpings in international cricket and also set a record for effecting the most dismissals in a match by an Indian wicketkeeper until it was broken by Wriddhiman Saha in 2018. In
12376-423: The three matches of the series with a century in the first ODI at Chennai. Dhoni led India to victory in the 2013 ICC Champions Trophy and became the first and the only captain in international cricket to claim all ICC limited overs trophies. In the rain-shortened final against England, India won by five runs on DLS method though Dhoni himself was out for a duck. He was also named as captain and wicketkeeper of
12495-514: The tri-nation tournament involving Kenya, India A and Pakistan A, Dhoni helped India A chase down their target of 223 against Pakistan A with a half-century and scored 362 runs in six innings at an average of 72.40 with back to back centuries. The Indian ODI team in the early 2000s saw Rahul Dravid as the wicket-keeper to ensure that the wicket-keeper spot didn't lack in batting talent and also tried other wicket-keeper/batsmen like Parthiv Patel and Dinesh Karthik . With Dhoni performing well for
12614-500: The year, they partnered with the Indian Super League as their official Fantasy Football Partner. In November 2017, the NBA, launched a fantasy basketball game in association with Dream11 and launched their official NBA fantasy game on their platform. In 2018, Dream11 announced its partnership with International Cricket Council (ICC), Pro Kabaddi League , International Hockey Federation (FIH), WBBL and BBL . In 2018, through
12733-611: Was acquired by Chennai Super Kings (CSK) for US$ 1.5 million during the auction for the inaugural season of the Indian Premier League (IPL). He was the most expensive signing in the auction. Dhoni scored 414 runs to lead CSK to the finals in the first season of IPL. Under his captaincy, CSK won the 2010 edition and qualified for Champions League Twenty20 . Chennai won the 2010 Champions league . Dhoni scored 392 runs and led CSK to its second consecutive IPL title in 2011 . Dhoni led CSK to its second Champions League Twenty20 title in 2014 . Dhoni scored 2987 runs from 129 matches in
12852-436: Was an early drawback to participation. Okrent credits the idea's rapid spread to the fact that the initial league was created by sports journalists, telling Vanity Fair in 2008 that "most of us in the league were in the media, and we got a lot of press coverage that first season. The second season, there were rotisserie leagues in every Major League press box ." According to Okrent, rotisserie baseball afforded sportswriters
12971-535: Was awarded a "B" grade contract by the BCCI. Dhoni made his test debut in the same month against Sri Lanka during their tour of India at Chennai . Dhoni scored 30 runs in his debut match, that was marred by rain and ended in a draw. Dhoni made his maiden half-century in the second test leading to an Indian win. Dhoni played all the matches in the subsequent tour of Pakistan scoring 219 runs in five ODI matches and 179 runs in five tests including his maiden test century in
13090-464: Was coded for the IBM 1620 computer by John Burgeson , then working for IBM . A user would select a team from a limited roster of retired players to play against a team randomly chosen by the computer. The computer would then use random number generation and player statistics to simulate a game's outcome and print a play-by-play description of it. While some of these fantasy games produced outcomes based on
13209-554: Was described in Wisden Almanack as 'Uninhibited, yet anything but crude'. It was also the highest individual score in ODI cricket in a run chase, a record which was broken seven years later by Shane Watson . Dhoni ended the series with the highest aggregate of 346 runs and was awarded the Man of the series . Dhoni became a regular in the Indian side after the home series against South Africa in November 2005. In December 2005, Dhoni
13328-408: Was enacted as part of the "American Values Agenda" of 2006 and was added as an amendment to the unrelated SAFE Port Act . The UIGEA generally prohibits funds transfers to businesses engaged in unlawful internet wagering. However the UIGEA does not itself define unlawful internet wagering, and expressly refrains from altering the legality of any underlying conduct other than funds transfers. While
13447-628: Was formed in 2004 to represent the growing numbers of journalists covering fantasy sports exclusively. The Fantasy Sports Association was formed in 2006 as a rival trade group. However, the organization folded in 2010. According to the Fantasy Sports & Gaming Association (FSGA) , an estimated 62.5 million people played fantasy sports in the US and Canada in 2022. The FSGA estimated that 19% of American adults played fantasy sports in 2023, compared to 13% in 2014. A 2023 FSGA survey found that 64% of fantasy sports players were male, 48% were between
13566-886: Was launched. Also that year, USA Today added a weekly fantasy baseball columnist, John Hunt. Hunt started a league among sports personalities called the League of Alternate Baseball Reality , which first included Peter Gammons , Keith Olbermann and Bill James , among others. The growth of the Internet during the 1990s brought a "broad demographic shift in fantasy sports participation" because it enabled fantasy sports participants to instantaneously download tabulated statistics, rather than having to search for box scores of individual games in newspapers and keep track of cumulative statistics on paper. In 1995, ESPN launched its first entirely Internet-based fantasy baseball game, with other major sports and entertainment companies following suit in
13685-486: Was named as captain and wicket-keeper of the ICC ODI Team of the year. Dhoni led the Indian squad for the 2011 Cricket World Cup co-hosted by India. India won its second ever ODI world cup after defeating Sri Lanka in the final with Dhoni being named man of the match for scoring an unbeaten 91. In December 2012, Pakistan toured India for a bilateral series for the first time in five years and Dhoni top-scored in all
13804-406: Was part of the squad for 2007 Cricket World Cup in which India unexpectedly crashed out in the group stage after losses to Bangladesh and Sri Lanka with Dhoni scoring ducks in both these matches and just 29 runs in the tournament. As a result, Dhoni's house in Ranchi was vandalized and damaged by activists of JMM and security was tightened for his family. Dhoni scored 91* against Bangladesh in
13923-463: Was projected to be $ 80.3 million by Duff and Phelps . Dhoni's popularity is often compared to Sachin Tendulkar, the highest run scorer in international cricket. The No.7 jersey has been made popular by Dhoni which was retired in 2023 by BCCI. Dhoni has developed a special connection with the city of Chennai whose IPL franchise he represents with fans calling him 'Thala' meaning leader in Tamil. Dhoni
14042-427: Was the first time that the company roped in celebrities outside of sports as their ambassadors. Dream11 also has Rohit Sharma , Rishabh Pant , Shikhar Dhawan , Hardik Pandya , Shreyas Iyer and Jasprit Bumrah as their cricket ambassadors. Dream11 provides a fantasy gaming platform for multiple sports such as fantasy cricket, football , basketball , kabaddi , hockey , volleyball , handball and baseball . It
14161-468: Was washed out. Dhoni averaged more than 60 in the 2008-09 season . Dhoni scored two centuries during Sri Lanka's tour of India in November 2009 which India won to achieve the top ranking in ICC test ranking for the first time in its history. Dhoni had an excellent year in ODIs in 2009, scoring 1198 runs in just 24 innings, at an average of 70.43 and topped the ICC ODI batsman rankings for several months. He
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