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65-688: Douglas Arthur Hill (6 April 1935 – 21 June 2007) was a Canadian science fiction author, editor and reviewer. He was born in Brandon, Manitoba , the son of a railroad engineer, and was raised in Prince Albert, Saskatchewan . An avid science fiction reader from an early age, he studied English at the University of Saskatchewan (where he earned an Honours B.A. in 1957) and at the University of Toronto . He married fellow writer and U. of S. alumna Gail Robinson in 1958; they moved to Britain in 1959, where he worked as

130-420: A census or election, or messages encouraging persons to report crimes to the police, among others. Propaganda uses societal norms and myths that people hear and believe. Because people respond to, understand and remember more simple ideas this is what is used to influence people's beliefs, attitudes and values. Psychological warfare is sometimes considered synonymous with propaganda. The principal distinction

195-444: A combination of traditional video processing and video editing techniques and auxiliary methods from artificial intelligence like face recognition . In typical video manipulation, the facial structure, body movements, and voice of the subject are replicated in order to create a fabricated recording of the subject. The applications of these methods range from educational videos to videos aimed at ( mass ) manipulation and propaganda ,

260-421: A controversial matter. It is quite simply starting a movement to affect or change social views. It is frequently started by influential individuals but is done collectively through social movements with large masses. These social movements can be done through public rallies , strikes , street marches, and social media . Advertising is a form of promotion that seeks to persuade a specific audience to purchase

325-460: A different purposes and use different tools that appeal to multiple types of users. Banner ads appear on sites in an attempt to attract visitors to a linked website. Search engine optimization is a technique in which a website is optimized to received a higher ranking from the search engine, causing it to be returned more often in searches. Pay-per-click involves certain words being highlighted because they were bought by advertisers to then redirect to

390-535: A few settlers led by Reverend George Roddick had begun to build their new homes about 10 miles (16 km) south of Grand Valley, at the foot of the Brandon Hills. Meanwhile, in Grand Valley with the promise of the railway, the town began to boom. Regular voyages were made by steam sternwheelers to the city, each bringing more and more settlers. In the spring of 1881, General Thomas L. Rosser , Chief Engineer of

455-483: A foreign country or all foreigners. It has the potential to be important since it gives the propagandists the power to discredit any information coming from other countries. Some examples are: Q: "What do you think about Khokara's politics on X matter?" A: "I think they've been wrong about everything for the last 20 years or so..." Q: "Your idea is quite similar to the one proposed in Falala." A: "Are you suggesting Falala

520-467: A freelance writer and editor for Aldus Books. In 1967–1968 he served as assistant editor of the controversial New Worlds science fiction magazine under Michael Moorcock . A lifetime leftist, he served from 1971 to 1984 as the Literary Editor of the socialist weekly Tribune (a position once held by George Orwell ), where he regularly reviewed science fiction despite the continued refusal of

585-489: A god. Again the series examines the concept of an individual's ideals of personal integrity and community responsibility and at what point does altruism become destructive rather than constructive, and also the issues of spin and media manipulation as initially, he enjoys being in his own 'Conan the Barbarian' movie and plays on the perks of being mistaken for Red Corodel returned to save the day. A sequel "The Leafless Forest"

650-514: A good or service. One of the first types of marketing, it aims to influence its target market to either buy, sell, or carry out a particular action. This tends to be done by businesses who wish to sell their product by paying media outlets to show their products or services on television breaks , banners on websites and mobile applications . These advertisements are not only done by businesses but can also be done by other groups. Non-commercial advertisers are those who spend money on advertising in

715-426: A great deal of background waffle. Whilst still at school and having become a volunteer 'pupil librarian', one writer and tutor was tasked with encouraging her teenage male peers to borrow more books from the school library and take up reading as a recreational activity and recommending books that would facilitate this from potential new stock; she found through peer reviews, questionnaires and a mini-poll that, 'alongside

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780-471: A minor disaster when an explosion at the Manitoba Power Commission's steam plant caused the 40 metre (130 ft) brick chimney to collapse, killing two workers in the process. In contemporary times, Shari Decter Hirst defeated incumbent Dave Burgess in the 2010 municipal election to become the first female mayor of the city. Brandon is located in south-western Manitoba, on the banks of

845-456: A page containing information or selling whatever that word pertained to. By using the internet, users are susceptible to these types of advertisements without a clear advertising campaign being viewed. Commonly known as "smoke screen", this technique consists of making the public focus its attention on a topic that is more convenient for the propagandist. This particular type of media manipulation has been referenced in popular culture. For example,

910-404: A straightforward extension of the long-standing possibilities of photo manipulation . This form of computer-generated misinformation has contributed to fake news , and there have been instances when this technology was used during political campaigns in an attempt to influence the outcome. A compliance professional is an expert that utilizes and perfects means of gaining media influence. Though

975-408: A way of managing their public profile. Astroturfing is when there is an intent and attempt to create the illusion of support for a particular cause, person, or stance. While this is mainly connected to and seen on the internet, it has also happened in newspapers during times of political elections.  Corporations and political parties try to imitate  grassroots  movements in order to sway

1040-461: A whole set of new characters each time.' Another advantage to sustain the increased reading interest of boys was that Hill produced his novels fairly quickly—he had five books published between 1980 and 1982, which meant the engaged interest of young readers was kept as there was another title ready when they finished a previous one. In the early 1990s he decided to develop a fantasy trilogy for adult readers; published in 1994 The Lightless Dome has

1105-548: Is 36.3 years old which is almost 5 years younger than the national average at 41.2 years old. There are 22,526 dwellings in Brandon with an occupancy rate of 94.1%, and the median cost of a dwelling at $ 264,781, much lower than the national average at $ 341,556. As far as education goes, for those between 25 and 64 years old, 57.0% have a post-secondary schooling degree, 29.8% have a high school degree (or equivalent) and 13.2% have no certificates, diplomas or degrees. The unemployment rate

1170-563: Is 7.3% in Brandon, lower than the national average at 7.7%. The median household income before taxes is $ 65,960, and after taxes at $ 57,008. As of 2016, 88.8% of Brandon's residents are Canadian citizens. About 5.5% of residents are recent immigrants (from 2011 to 2016). Brandon is 70.1% white, 16.3% visible minorities and 13.6% aboriginal. The largest visible minority groups in Brandon are Latin American (5.0%), Chinese (3.8%), South Asian (3.0%), Black (2.1%) and Filipino (1.1%). English

1235-414: Is a better country than ours?" An informal fallacy . The "straw man" consists of appearing to refute the opponent's argument while attacking another topic. For it to work correctly the topic that was refuted and the one that should have been refuted need to be similar. This is a combination of the straw man fallacy and the ad hominem argument . It is often used to incriminate someone in order to argue

1300-563: Is regulated by the Shellmouth Dam in order to ensure that communities on the river have adequate water supply. Brandon has two emergency groundwater wells to supply water in the event of an emergency situation with water supply or if there are issues with water turbidity or elevated organic water hardness. Like nearly every community in Manitoba, electricity is 98% hydro generated and supplied by Manitoba Hydro . The Brandon Generating Station

1365-650: Is something intended to deceive or defraud. Misleading public stunts, scientific frauds , false bomb threats and business scams are examples of hoaxes. Propagandizing is a form of communication that is aimed at influencing the attitude of a community toward some cause or position by presenting only one side of an argument. Propaganda is commonly created by governments, but some forms of mass communication created by other influential organizations can be considered propaganda. As opposed to impartially providing information, propaganda, in its most basic sense, presents information primarily to influence an audience. Propaganda

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1430-428: Is that propaganda occurs typically within a nation, whereas psychological warfare usually takes place between nations, often during war or the cold war . Various techniques influence a target's values, beliefs, emotions, motives, reasoning, or behavior. Target audiences can be governments , organizations , groups , and individuals . This tactic has been used in multiple wars throughout history. During World War II ,

1495-399: Is the management of the flow of information between an individual or an organization and the public . PR may include an organization or individual gaining exposure to their audiences using topics of public interest and news items that do not require direct payment. PR is generally created by specialized individuals or firms at the behest of already public individuals or organizations as

1560-658: Is the mother tongue of 80.3% of residents. Other common first languages were Spanish (4.5%), Chinese Languages (3.2%) French (1.3%), Ukrainian (1.3%), Gujarati (1.2%), and German (1.2%). The 2021 census found that English was the mother tongue of 80.6% of the population. The next most common mother tongues were Spanish (4.2%), Gujarati (2.8%), Mandarin (2.0%), French (1.4%), Tagalog (1.2%), Ukrainian (1.1%), Punjabi (0.9%), German (0.7%), Cantonese (0.7%), Amharic (0.7%), Yoruba (0.4%), Russian (0.4%), Tigrigna (0.4%), Arabic (0.3%), Cree (0.2%), Hindi (0.2%), Korean (0.2%), and Urdu (0.2%). Public schools in Brandon are governed by

1625-467: Is used within public relations , propaganda, marketing , etc. While the objective for each context is quite different, the broad techniques are often similar. As illustrated below, many of the more modern mass media manipulation methods are types of distraction , on the assumption that the public has a limited attention span . Activism is the practice or doctrine that has an emphasis on direct vigorous action especially supporting or opposing one side of

1690-578: Is usually repeated and dispersed over a wide variety of media in order to create the desired result in audience attitudes. While the term propaganda has justifiably acquired a strongly negative connotation by association with its most manipulative and jingoistic examples (e.g. Nazi propaganda used to justify the Holocaust ), propaganda in its original sense was neutral, and could refer to uses that were generally benign or innocuous, such as public health recommendations, signs encouraging citizens to participate in

1755-580: The Brandon School Division . There are approximately 7,200 students, 900 staff, 22 schools and a budget exceeding $ 50 million. There are four high schools: Vincent Massey High School , Crocus Plains Regional Secondary School , and Neelin High School , and Prairie Hope High School (formerly BSD Off-Campus). Brandon is also home to four post-secondary institutions: Brandon University , Assiniboine Community College , Robertson College , as well as

1820-521: The Canadian Pacific Railway arrived in Grand Valley. It was Rosser's job to choose the townsites for the railway. Rosser approached Dougald McVicar of Grand Valley and offered him $ 25,000 for the railway in Grand Valley. McVicar countered with $ 50,000 to which Rosser replied that "I'll be damned if a town of any kind is ever built here". So instead Rosser crossed the Assiniboine river and built

1885-654: The Manitoba Emergency Services College . Canadian Forces Base Shilo is located 30 km (19 mi) east of Brandon and maintains close ties with the city. Brandon's Keystone Centre , is one of the largest consolidated entertainment, recreation, convention, and agriculture complexes in Canada and is the home of the Brandon Wheat Kings and the Royal Manitoba Winter Fair . Prior to

1950-574: The Manitoba Emergency Services College . The city is served by Brandon Regional Health Centre . The 300 bed hospital is the largest in the Westman Region . Water and sewage services are provided by the City of Brandon. The city draws water from the Assiniboine River where it is then treated and fluoridated at the community's water treatment plant on McDonald Avenue. The Assiniboine River's flow

2015-521: The Palliser's Triangle region of the Prairies. There is measurable rainfall on 56.0 days throughout the year, and 38.8 days with snowfall. Snow falls from October to April; however, snow has fallen as late as May and as early as September. The highest temperature ever recorded in Brandon was 43.3 °C (110 °F) on 11 July 1936, during the 1936 North American heat wave . The lowest temperature ever recorded

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2080-557: The Saskatchewan border. Brandon has a dry continental climate ( Köppen Dfb , USDA Plant Hardiness Zone 2b ) with warm, sometimes hot summers and cold, dry winters. Daytime temperatures range from 26.0 °C (78.8 °F) in July to −10.5 °C (13.1 °F) in January. Brandon has a fairly dry climate, with 462 mm (18.2 in) of precipitation annually, and as such is located in

2145-662: The Westman Region as well as parts of southeastern Saskatchewan and northern North Dakota , an area with a population of over 190,000 people. The City of Brandon was incorporated in 1882, having a history rooted in the Assiniboine River fur trade as well as its role as a major junction on the Canadian Pacific Railway . Known as The Wheat City , Brandon's economy is predominantly associated with agriculture , as well as health care, manufacturing, food processing, education, business services, and transportation. Brandon's post-secondary institutions include Brandon University , Assiniboine Community College , Robertson College , and

2210-623: The industrial military complex , and how disparate individuals can work together and find common ground for the greater good. Hill also explored these ideas in writing fantasy as well as science-fiction series, first in Poisoner and then Demon Stalkers . His books were popular in schools as their straightforward action and sci-fi or sword-and-sorcery themes appealed to impatient or inattentive readers, particularly boys, who were increasingly difficult to engage in 'reading for pleasure and leisure' and above all they were relatively short-length books without

2275-448: The suppression of information or points of view by crowding them out, by inducing other people or groups of people to stop listening to certain arguments, or by simply diverting attention elsewhere. In Propaganda: The Formation of Men's Attitudes , Jacques Ellul writes that public opinion can only express itself through channels which are provided by the mass media of communication – without which there could be no propaganda. It

2340-897: The western Allies , expected that the Soviet Union would drop leaflets on the US and England. During the conflict with Iraq , American and English forces dropped leaflets, with many of the leaflets telling the people how to surrender. In the Korean War both sides would use loud speakers from the front lines. In 2009 people in Israel in the Gaza war received text messages on their cell phones threatening them with rocket attacks. The Palestinian people were getting phone calls and leaflets warning them that they were going to drop rockets on them. These phone calls and leaflets were not always accurate. Public relations (PR)

2405-441: The 1870s it was believed by most that the transcontinental railway would take a northwesterly direction from Portage la Prairie . Many thought that the route would most likely go through either Minnedosa or Rapid City, Manitoba because they were both located at natural river crossings. Rapid City was the front runner for the site of the new railway and had prepared for the impending building boom accordingly. But suddenly, in 1881,

2470-499: The Assiniboine river. It is located in the Canadian Prairies and resides in the aspen parkland ecoregion of the prairies. The terrain is generally flat and rolling surrounding Brandon, and there is a large valley located within the city. The Brandon hills are located to the southeast, from which Brandon got its name. Brandon is 214 km (133 mi) west of the provincial capital, Winnipeg; and 120 km (75 mi) east of

2535-663: The Brandon University School of Music hosts the annual 'Pro Series' which has included guests like Bob Brookmeyer, George Crumb, and the Winnipeg Symphony Orchestra. In 2009, Brandon hosted the Western Canadian Music Awards . The "Words Alive" was a yearly literary festival held in downtown Brandon, from 2007–2010. Authors that participated in this festival included Robert J. Sawyer , Maggie Siggins , Fred Stenson and Corey Redekop. Some of

2600-666: The area entirely. French Canadians also passed through the area on river boats on their way to the Hudson Bay Post , Fort Ellice located near present-day St. Lazare, Manitoba . The city of Brandon gets its name from the Blue Hills south of the city, which got their name from a Hudson's Bay trading post known as Brandon House , which got its name from a hill on an island in James Bay where Captain James had anchored his ship in 1631. During

2665-462: The builders of the railway decided to take a more westerly route from Winnipeg, towards Grand Valley. Grand Valley was located on the northern side of the Assiniboine, opposite the side of the river where present-day Brandon sits. Grand Valley was originally settled by two brothers John and Dougal McVicar, and their families. With the expectation of the new railroad, settlers and prospectors now rushed to an area they had previously avoided. Around 1879

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2730-488: The case of deepfakes, used to deceive and commit fraud for profit or influence. Visual media can be transformed through photo manipulation, commonly called " photoshopping ." This can make a product, person, or idea seem more appealing. Specific product features are highlighted to attract and persuade the public, and specific editing tools are used to enhance the photo. Some techniques include cropping, resizing, airbrushing, color-enhancing, and removing or adding subjects from

2795-424: The contemporary, competitive sports-based stories of authors such as Michael Hardcastle and the humorous stories of such as Dick King-Smith, the other of the 'big three' for boys was Douglas Hill. They liked the fast pace, the paring away of extraneous words and the compact length of the books, as well as that although each novel was a complete story, it existed within a 'universe' that enabled them to not have to learn

2860-433: The hope of raising awareness for a cause or promoting specific ideas. These include interest groups, political parties, government organizations, and religious movements. Most of these organizations intend to spread a message or sway public opinion rather than sell products or services. Advertising can be found not only on social media but also on billboards, in newspapers, in magazines, and even through word of mouth. A hoax

2925-752: The influx of people from Eastern Canada, the area around Brandon was primarily used by the Sioux people, the Bungays, the Yellow Quills , and the Bird Tails . In the 1870s and early 1880s, the Plains Bison were nearly wiped out by over-hunting. With the destruction of their staff of life, the buffalo, the nomadic Sioux people began to agree to settle in reservations such as the Sioux Valley Dakota Nation , or left

2990-518: The innocence of someone else. Audio manipulation is an artificially generated audio created by artificial intelligence (AI) to create a realistic-replication of someone's voice. AI uses machine learning models and can replicate the specific characteristics of a target voice, such as pitch, tone, and cadence. It is commonly used to deceive and cause disruption. This is often referred to as Audio Deepfake . Audio manipulation may be used to clean or enhance an audio for entertainment industry projects, or in

3055-411: The interest group's pre-existing biases and thus to be shared within filter bubbles . Information laundering is a method of using a less trusted or less popular platform to publish a story of dubious origin or veracity for the purposes of reporting on that report rather than the story itself. This technique serves to insulate the secondary, more established media from having to issue a retraction if

3120-553: The literary world to take it seriously. Before starting to write fiction in 1978, he wrote many books on history, science and folklore. Using the pseudonym Martin Hillman , he also worked as an editor of several anthologies, among them Window on the Future (1966), The Shape of Sex to Come (1978), Out of Time (1984), and Hidden Turnings (1988). He is probably best known for his The Last Legionary quintet of novels, supposedly produced as

3185-544: The local arts venues include the Western Manitoba Centennial Auditorium, Lorne Watson Recital Hall, Evans Theatre, and the Art Gallery of Southwestern Manitoba . Media manipulation In practice, media manipulation tactics may include the use of the use of rhetorical strategies including logical fallacies , deceptive content like disinformation , and propaganda techniques, and often involve

3250-482: The main protagonist of Jared 'Red' Cordell, who finds himself transported from contemporary 1990s Earth to a planet where sorcery and Mediaeval style knights and kingdoms exist – he finds that he is apparently descended from or possibly the genetic Doppelganger of a legendary warrior, Red Corodel, who mysteriously disappeared centuries before and who is viewed as the only hope of thwarting a power-crazed sorcerer intent on achieving global tyranny through Apotheosis – becoming

3315-544: The means of gaining influence are common, their aims vary from political, economic, to personal. Thus the label of compliance professional applies to diverse groups of people, including propagandists , marketers , pollsters , salespeople and political advocates . Means of influence include, but are not limited to, the methods outlined in Influence: Science and Practice : Additionally, techniques like framing and less formal means of effective obfuscation, such as

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3380-638: The movie Wag the Dog (1997) illustrates how the public can be deceitfully distracted from an important topic by presenting another whose only quality is that of being more attractive. Politicians might distract the public from domestic issues by diverting attention to global issues in order to reduce pressure domestically. This is a variation of the traditional arguments known, in logic as ad hominem and ad populum but applied to countries instead of individuals. This technique consists of refuting arguments by appealing to nationalism or by inspiring fear and hate toward

3445-420: The original image. The motivation for photo manipulation may be for pure artistic creativity or more nefarious reasons to deceive. Photo manipulation is used extensively in the advertising and fashion industry and has been the subject of controversy for its part in false advertising and promoting unrealistic images of beauty. Video manipulation is a variant of media manipulation that targets digital video using

3510-478: The public to believing something that is not true. Clickbait refers to headlines of online news articles that are sensationalized or sometimes wholly fake . It uses people's natural curiosity to get people to click. In some cases clickbait is used to generate income; more clicks mean more money is made with advertisers. But these headlines and articles can also be used to influence a group of people on social media . In some cases, they are constructed to appeal to

3575-404: The quartet (the fifth book was a prequel anthology) told the story of Keill Randor, last survivor of a murdered world, seeking revenge for the genocide, aided by a secretive group of advisers known as The Overseers and a winged, telepathic alien named Glr. The series contained the tropes of 'well-intentioned' Science perverted by ego and over-confidence into evil, and the 'good' science being used as

3640-449: The railway was once again changed, there was still hope that Grand Valley could become a rival neighbour to Brandon. But late in June 1881 it became clear that Grand Valley would not have lasted as a city long term. A flood hit in late June, and as the city was built on a low-lying part of the river, flooded quickly and dramatically. Because Grand Valley was built on a low flood plain, and Brandon

3705-609: The report is false. Generally, secondary reports will report that the original report is reporting without verifying or making the report themselves. In search engine marketing, websites use market research from past searches and other sources to increase their visibility in search engine results pages . This allows them to guide search results along the lines they desire, thereby influencing searchers. Businesses have many tactics to entice customers to their websites to generate revenue, such as banner ads , search engine optimization and pay-per-click marketing tools. They all serve

3770-671: The result of a challenge by a publisher to Hill's complaints about the lack of good science fiction for younger readers. Hill and his wife had one child, a son. They were divorced in 1978. He lived in Wood Green , London, and died in London after being struck by a bus at a zebra crossing . His death occurred one day after he completed his last trilogy, the Demon Stalkers . His most well-known series for younger children appears to have been The Last Legionary quintet. Starting with Galactic Warlord

3835-419: The servant not master of humanity. The series also had the trope that elderly people are not irrelevant and worthless, but the smartest, wisest people around and the ones who really know what is going on. Both The Huntsman and Colsec trilogies continued the tropes and themes of youth alienation caused by being disenfranchised, not lumping all aliens [foreigners] together, mismanagement of natural resources by

3900-513: The site of the railway on the high sandy south of the River, 2 miles (3.2 km) west of Grand Valley. So the site was then moved to a site just west of today's current First Street bridge in Brandon. A shanty had been built there by a man named J.D. Adamson, and it was on this quarter section Adamson claimed that Rosser chose as the townsite for the CPR Railway and named Brandon. After the location of

3965-433: The southwestern corner of the province on the banks of the Assiniboine River , approximately 214 kilometres (133 mi) west of the provincial capital, Winnipeg , and 120 kilometres (75 mi) east of the Saskatchewan border. Brandon covers an area of 77.41 km (29.89 sq mi) with a population of 51,313, and a census metropolitan area population of 54,268. It is the primary hub of trade and commerce for

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4030-589: Was a coal powered plant that operated until about 2018. It is now natural gas fueled and runs only as a synchronous condenser to regulate grid voltage in southwest Manitoba. The Brandon Sun publishes daily newspapers. Brandon hosts many art festivals every year, including the Brandon Festival of the Arts, Brandon Jazz Festival, and the Brandon Folk Music Festival. In addition to the music festivals,

4095-612: Was built on the heights on the other side, it became apparent that Brandon was the best place for a city in the area. Rosser had chosen Brandon as the townsite in May 1881, within a year settlers had flocked to Brandon in such numbers that it was incorporated as a city. Brandon never spent any time as a town or village but has only existed as a city. An internment camp was set up at the Exhibition Building in Brandon from September 1914 to July 1916. Post World War II , Brandon experienced

4160-400: Was published in 1994; however, the last part to the trilogy "The Limitless Bridge" was not released and remains unavailable. Young Legionary is chronologically the first in the series. Prey is chronologically the first in the series. Brandon, Manitoba Brandon ( / ˈ b r æ n d ə n / ) is the second-largest city in the province of Manitoba , Canada. It is located in

4225-436: Was −46.7 °C (−52 °F) on 1 February 1893. General seasons In the 2021 Census of Population conducted by Statistics Canada , Brandon had a population of 51,313 living in 21,203 of its 22,526 total private dwellings, a change of 5% from its 2016 population of 48,883. With a land area of 79.04 km (30.52 sq mi), it had a population density of 649.2/km (1,681.4/sq mi) in 2021. The median age

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