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81-482: Doughoregan Manor ( doe- RAY -gen ) is a plantation house and estate located on Manor Lane west of Ellicott City, Maryland , United States. Established in the early 18th century as the seat of Maryland's prominent Carroll family, it was home to Founding Father Charles Carroll , a signer of the United States Declaration of Independence , during the late 18th century. A portion of the estate, including

162-648: A Gaelic Irish clan which is the most prominent sept of the Ciannachta (also known as Clan Cian). Their genealogies claim that they are kindred with the Eóganachta (themselves led by the O'Sullivans and MacCarthys), descended paternally from Ailill Aulom . From the Middle Ages until 1552, the family ruled an area within the Kingdom of Munster known as Éile . The last monarch Tiege Cian O'Carroll surrendered and regranted to

243-659: A branch of the ruling O'Carroll family. The Ely O'Carroll come from counties Offaly and Tipperary in Ireland. The sept is also known as Eile and Clan Cian. According to historian C. Thomas Cairney, the O'Carrolls were one of the chiefly families of the Eile who in turn were from the Dumnonii or Laigin who were the third wave of Celts to settle in Ireland during the first century BC . One descendant, Charles Carroll of Carrollton (1737–1832),

324-528: A central hall dividing them. In the South, they usually had full-width one-story shed extensions to the front and rear. These sheds could manifest as open porches, enclosed rooms, or a combination of the two. This I-house with sheds came to be commonly referred to as "Plantation Plain". It also proved to be one of the most adaptable folk house types to changing architectural tastes, with some even having neoclassical porticoes and other high-style elements added to them at

405-450: A descendant of the hall and parlor and the central-passage house-types. The central-passage house continued to be popular and could be either single-pile (one room deep) or double-pile (two rooms deep). If it had a porch, it was under a separate roof attached to the main house. I-houses were always two stories high, always single-pile, with side gables or a hipped roof. They were at least two rooms wide, with latter examples usually having

486-586: A few years ago, 'Only God, the Indians and the Carrolls have owned this land.'" The estate and Manor Lane are closed to the public. In 1971, the owner, Phillip Carroll, did not want to commit all 2,042 acres to landmark status, preferring to leave part of it for future development, so about 900 acres were designated landmark status, according to the National Register of Historic Places inventory sheet. However, with

567-584: A functioning farmhouse . Although some plantation houses were planned as grand mansions and were built all at once from the ground up, many more began as fairly rudimentary structures that either stayed that way, were replaced, or were enlarged and improved over time as fortunes improved. In most areas of the South, the earliest settlers constructed houses to provide basic shelter suited to their local climate, not to establish permanence or demonstrate wealth or power. In colonial Delaware , Georgia , Maryland , North Carolina , South Carolina , and Virginia ,

648-473: A fusion of stylistic influences. Houses that were basically Greek Revival in character sprouted Italianate towers, bracketed eaves, or adopted the asymmetrical massing characteristic of that style. Although never as popular as Greek Revival, fully Gothic Revival and Italianate plantation houses began to appear by the 1850s, after being popularized by the books of men such as Alexander Jackson Davis , Andrew Jackson Downing , and Samuel Sloan . The Gothic Revival

729-666: A grant of land in Connaught called Lurgny Gallen and Culavin, he paying to the King of Connaught and his successors, 150 milch cows in May; 100 beeves and 100 barrels of mead or Metheglin at Alhallontide yearly, forever. He had two sons, Conla and Cormac Galeng; to the latter he gave the lands of Lurgny Gallen, now called the Barony of Gallen in the County of Mayo and Culavin, which were possessed by his descendants,

810-509: A later date. Another house type, the Creole cottage , came from the areas along the Gulf Coast and its associated rivers that were formerly part of New France . It was always one-and-a-half stories, with a side-gabled roof, and often had upper floor dormer windows. However, it accommodated a full-width front porch under the main roof, with doors or jib-windows opening from all of the rooms onto

891-467: A palace". Even Gaineswood , now a National Historic Landmark due to it being considered a lavish example of a plantation house, began as a two-story hewn-log dogtrot that was eventually enveloped within the brick mass of the house. After the period of initial settlement, more refined folk house types came from the older portions of the South, especially the I-house , thought by architectural scholars to be

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972-570: A treaty with Leonard, Lord Gray, Lord Deputy of Ireland, 12 June 1538, by which he consented for himself and his successors, the O'Carrolls, Capitanci de Ely O'Carroll, to pay the King 12d. for every carucate of land in Ely O'Carroll, one hundred and twenty marks on the nomination of the chief, and on general hostings to supply the Chief Governor of Ireland with twelve horsemen and twenty four foot men, all well equipped for war with provisions for forty days at

1053-505: A troop of horse and presented to Duke of Ormond for the service of King Charles I. On the Restoration, John, his son, had a grant of his lands at Killury in the Co. of Galway, where he married the daughter of O'Crean by Margaret, the daughter of Lord Athenry . His eldest son James Carroll, was ancestor to the family at Killury; Daniel O'Carroll , his second son, entered into the military service of

1134-541: The Carlow / Kilkenny area and two septs in the Kerry area. The prefix "O'" is very often dropped in the case of this surname, occasionally replaced with "Mac". Carvill is another anglicization of the same family name. The family name Ó Cearbhaill goes back to a given name Cearbhall . Although the etymology of this name is often given as 'valorous in battle' or similar (literally 'lord of hacking' from Old Irish cerb 'hacking' and

1215-636: The Corinthian . The academic version of Greek Revival embraced the pure form of ancient Grecian architecture . Due to its popularity during a time of great wealth for many southern plantations, it was the Greek Revival that became permanently linked to the plantation legend. Though some houses were architect-designed, many, if not most, were designed by the owners or their carpenters from pattern books published by Asher Benjamin , Minard Lafever , John Haviland , and others. Greek Revival proved to very adaptable to

1296-573: The Lowcountry of South Carolina , by contrast, even before the American Revolution , planters holding large rice plantations typically owned hundreds of enslaved people. In Charleston and Savannah, the elite also held numerous enslaved people to work as household servants. The 19th-century development of the Deep South for cotton cultivation depended on large plantations with much more acreage than

1377-556: The Tudor Kingdom of Ireland . Notable is the history of the Ó Cearbhaill whose territory, known as Ely O'Carroll in Éile , consisted of the pasture lands of Ballycrinass, Rosscullenagh and Drumcan, extending to the Lake of Leghagh , commonly Laghaghirisallive and bounded on the west by the lands called Laghenagarken and on the east adjoining or near to Glencrokin. This was always known as Ely O'Carroll . The mountain land extended from

1458-673: The United States of America as Charles Carroll of Carrollton signed the United States Declaration of Independence . Second cousins of Charles Carroll of Carrollton were Daniel Carroll , who signed the Articles of Confederation and the U.S. Constitution , and Daniel's brother, the Bishop John Carroll , who was the first Bishop and Archbishop of the United States and Founder of Georgetown University . A distant cousin of this branch of

1539-552: The " Blenheim branch " of the Lee family of Virginia . In addition to these individuals, the Mitchell family of Maryland claim descent from the aforementioned Charles Carroll of Carrollton through the line of their founding matriarch Lillie Mae Carroll Jackson who, in addition to being a descendant of his, is revered today as one of the earliest and most prominent of the leaders of the civil rights movement . The Carroll family are famed for

1620-558: The 1840s. The dogtrot -type plan was common for many of these log houses. Rough vernacular architecture for early plantations was also true in Arkansas and Missouri although in their river regions. Admitted to the Union in the mid-1840s, early architecture in Florida and Texas generally showed a stronger Spanish Colonial architectural influence, blended with French and British forms. Some of

1701-463: The 1976 Tax Reform Act, the owner changed his mind and requested the landmark status encompass all the acreage, which was granted. The 30-year tax credit and Maryland Historical Trust's easement expired in 2007. In an attempt to keep the majority of the property in the hands of the Carroll family, they struck a deal in 2008 with Erickson Retirement Communities to sell 150 acres, but the deal fell through

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1782-474: The Carroll family was Charles Carroll (barrister) , a convert to Anglicanism . William Thomas Carroll (1802-1863) served as the fifth Clerk of the United States Supreme Court (from 1827 until his death). Other notable Carrolls were Brigadier General Samuel S. Carroll , Thomas King Carroll and daughter Anna Ella Carroll , and James Carroll . The Carrolls of Maryland have also intermarried with

1863-665: The Chief of Clan Cian, currently resides in the United States. The name Cianachta in Irish means "of the Race of Cian," and so, Clan Cian in modern English. The Cianachta were recognized as a racial group in ancient Ireland and now called again to assemble as a clan in these modern times. We are dedicated to the preservation of the Éile O'Carroll Territory including the Kingdom of Éile and the O'Carroll family and all related families histories. The clan represents

1944-652: The Cianachta was King of Éile at the turn of the first millennium. This Cearbhaill, the King of Éile, led the Elyans at the Battle of Clontarf in 1014 with the High King of Ireland, Brian Boru. F.J. "Éile" O'Carroll, the late O'Carroll of Éile O'Carroll created Clan Cian through the Charter of Re-Formation in 1982-1983??as his personal clan for all Cianachta whose families originally lived within

2025-508: The Civil war, the manor served as a hub for munitions for Southern supporters, also using nearby Mt. Pleasant as a substation . By 1931, the manor estate consisted of the mansion, overseer's house, horse stable, bank barn, 3 silos, corn house, 11 tenant houses, wash house, sheep house, coach house, brick barn and two barracks. Members of the Carroll family still own and live in the manor, which sits at

2106-564: The Deep South as it developed. The majority of slaveholders held 10 or fewer enslaved people, often to labor domestically. By the late 18th century, most planters in the Upper South had switched from exclusive tobacco cultivation to mixed-crop production, both because tobacco had exhausted the soil and because of changing markets. The shift away from tobacco meant they had slaves in excess of the number needed for labor, and they began to sell them in

2187-614: The English out of his country, but afterwards submitted and was created Baron of Ely in 1532 (I have not been able to find the record of this patent) which he did not long enjoy, having been slain by his own Sept headed by his own kinsman and competitor Cahir O'Carroll, who was afterwards slain by William Adhar O'Carroll , younger brother of Teige, who was knighted 30 March 1567 and made Governor of Ely and Captain of his Nation by Sir Henry Sidney, Lord Justice of Ireland. Sir William died 28 April 1579. His natural son Sir Cahir or Charles O'Carroll ,

2268-523: The English under Strongbow and from him are descended the principal houses of this family. Maolroona O'Carroll, whose daughter Grace, or Grania, was married to Ulick Burke, Lord of Clanrickard, and was mother of Rickard Sassanagh Burke, the first Earl, joined with O'Brien and others against the English Government and gave them much trouble. He died A.D. 1532. His son Fergonamuin or Ferdinando O'Carroll , who succeeded his father as O'Carroll, concluded

2349-682: The King of Spain and was made a Knight of the Order of Saint Iago. He was afterwards, through the interest of the Duke of Ormond, made a Lieutenant-Colonel in the British Service by Queen Anne, in which he rose to the rank of Lt. General, obtained permission to bear the Insignia of the Order of St. Iago in England, had also the style of Sir Daniel and was Colonel of a Regiment of Horse. His grandson, John Whitley O'Carroll,

2430-518: The King's County; Thurles, Ballingarry, Nenagh, Littlefield and Annemead in Tipperary; Rockfield in the County of Wicklow and Coolroe in the County of Carlow. John Carroll of Stephen's Green, Esq., late M.P. for New Ross is the representative of this last family. Owen Carroll represented the King's County in King James's Parliament in 1689. A few of the other families which resided within the kingdom of

2511-663: The Laghanagerah (Lochan na gCaorach) to Polle Dowa (Poll Dubh in Roscomroe) and then in a south easterly direction to the Slieve Bloom Mountains , which are the limits between Ely O'Carroll and Upper Ossory meeting at a village called Garryvoe or Scully's land. The Ely O'Carroll sept was the most powerful and most famous, but there were at least four other septs, O'Carroll of Oriel in the Dundalk area, O' Carrolls of Ossory in

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2592-423: The O'Carroll/Carroll families and also includes of all the related, family septs, dependent family septs of Éile O'Carroll and other parts of Ireland, and worldwide. Clan Cian has an appointed Council of Chieftains and Clan Officers that preside over certain designated regional areas appointed by The O'Carroll, Chief of Éile O'Carroll and Clan Cian. Historically according to Edward McLysaght the first Chief Herald of

2673-437: The O'Carrolls were the O'Meaghers/O'Meachair (Maher), O'Caseys, O'Haras, and O'Garas. All of these family surnames, and related septs, also trace their origins to Cian, or Cianachts but many dispute the notion of an overarching Clan Cian. In MacLysaght’s definitive work Irish Families there are over 200 Irish surnames listed and while recognising that there are many more Irish names it is now considered that these names constitute

2754-466: The O'Haras and O'Garas. Conla, the eldest son, possessed the lands afterwards called Duthec Éile, i.e., the Estate of Éile, from Eile Ridheargs, of which his descendants were styled Kings, there being no other title of honour in use in Ireland before the coming of the English. Cearbhaill , the twelfth according to some, and the 16th in descent according to other authorities, from the above Éile, gave name to

2835-742: The O’Carroll-Carroll and rival houses of the noble septs of Éile. In the fifth century the Cianacht Chief, Éile Righ Derg (Éile, the Red King) ruled the territory that came to be known as Ely O'Carroll (to distinguish the area from other O'Carroll kingdoms and lands). The Kingdom of Éile (Ely) was located anciently in Ormond in the Counties Tipperary, Waterford and extending into Offaly, Leix, and Kilkenny. Cearbhaill (Carroll) Son, of Aeodh, and Chief of

2916-497: The Sept of the O'Carrolls, i.e., the descendants of Cearbhuill. The tenth in descent from him was Teige or Thatheus O'Cearbhuill Boy, King of Éile, who caused the Box of Dimma to be gilt, died about the middle of the 12th century and was succeeded by his son. Maolroona O'Carroll or O'Cearbhaill, King of Éile, was succeeded by his brother. Donald O'Carroll , who was King of Ely at the coming of

2997-719: The Southern United States In the American South , antebellum plantations were centered on a " plantation house ," the residence of the owner, where important business was conducted. Slavery and plantations had different characteristics in different regions of the South. As the Upper South of the Chesapeake Bay colonies developed first, historians of the antebellum South defined planters as those who held 20 enslaved people. Major planters held many more, especially in

3078-434: The center of an 892-acre (3.61 km; 1.394 sq mi) of the original 13,361.5-acre (54.072 km; 20.8773 sq mi) estate. Land was divided among the heirs each generation, sold for subdivisions, with at least 2,800-acre (11 km; 4.4 sq mi) owned by the family as late as 1971 and 2,400-acre (9.7 km; 3.8 sq mi) by 1977. According to a newspaper article: "As one family member put it

3159-428: The development and the Carrolls would donate 34 acres to expand a county park. 221 acres of Doughoregan Manor were rezoned to allow 325 single-family homes to be built on the north-east side of the property. Many neighbors were concerned with the plans and a petition was filed in circuit court for judicial review of the zoning decision. In 2015, tax credits were awarded for work on an outbuilding at Doughoregan as one of

3240-462: The earliest plantation houses tended to follow British-derived folk forms such as the hall and parlor house -type and central-passage house -type. Grander structures during the later colonial period usually conformed to the neoclassically -influenced styles, although some very early and rare Jacobean structures survive in Virginia. And in the southern portion of what became the state of Louisiana ,

3321-463: The early 1800s. Although large portions of Alabama and Mississippi were settled at roughly the same time, there were areas of these states, along with portions of western Georgia and southeastern Tennessee, that did not see wide-scale settlement until after the Indian removal in the 1830s. Very little formal architecture existed within these newly settled areas, with most dwellings being of hewn logs into

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3402-399: The economy was drastically altered. Planters often did not have the funds for upkeep of their existing houses and new construction virtually ceased on most plantations. The new sharecropping method kept many plantations going, but the days of extravagance were over. Carroll family O'Carroll ( Irish : Ó Cearbhaill ), also known as simply Carroll, Carrol or Carrell , is

3483-657: The elite class, "a landowning farmer of substantial means." In the " Black Belt " counties of Alabama and Mississippi , the terms "planter" and "farmer" were often synonymous. Robert Fogel and Stanley Engerman define large planters as owning over 50 enslaved people, and medium planters as owning between 16 and 50 enslaved humans. In his study of Black Belt counties in Alabama, Jonathan Wiener defines planters by ownership of real property, rather than of enslaved people. A planter, for Wiener, owned at least $ 10,000 worth of real estate in 1850 and $ 32,000 worth in 1860, equivalent to about

3564-499: The expense of O'Carroll; that on all journeys to those parts, they should supply the Lord Deputy and suite with provisions for three days; that the Lord Deputy should be supplied with provisions by O'Carroll for eighty gallowglasses for three months every year and be permitted to make a road or roads through Ely O'Carroll at his pleasure. In 1548 Teige Caoch O'Carroll, son of Ferdinando, called by Sir James Ware, petty King of Ely, routed

3645-495: The following pre-surname population groups are listed: Eoghanacht pp 549–599 Dál Cais pp 599–633 Dealbhna pp 633–645 Clanna Céin p. 645 = Clan Cian Clann Tadch Meic Céin pp 647–661 = Clan Tadch son of Cian Síol Luighdheach meic Íochta pp 661–683 About The Cianachta - Clan Cian Clan Cian was founded and recognized by the late F. J. O'Carroll, of Éile O'Carroll, Chief of the Name. Fredrick Arthur O'Carroll, has since assumed

3726-490: The following year. Camilla Carroll, co-owner of the estate, insisted that "...there is no money now to restore anything, and historic buildings are falling down as we speak." The County Commissioners voted in 2010 to pay the Carroll family about 19 million dollars over twenty years to place 500 acres in Howard County's Agricultural Preservation program. The council approved paying to expand the public water and sewer system to

3807-626: The hot and humid climate of the South, with colloquial adaptations of the style seen from one region, and sometimes from one town, to another. Greek Revival would remain a favorite architectural style in the agrarian South until well after the Civil War, but other styles had appeared in the nation about the same time as Greek Revival or soon afterward. These were primarily the Italianate and Gothic Revival . They were slower to be adopted in whole for domestic plantation architecture, but they can be seen in

3888-612: The internal slave trade. There was a variety of domestic architecture on plantations. The largest and wealthiest planter families, for instance, those with estates fronting on the James River in Virginia , constructed mansions in brick and Georgian style, e.g. Shirley Plantation . Common or smaller planters in the late 18th and 19th century had more modest wood-frame buildings, such as Southall Plantation in Charles City County . In

3969-422: The main block by hyphens . The private chapel attached to the manor house was built at a time when the founding of Roman Catholic parish churches was prohibited in the colony. The chapel served as the primary meeting place for the local Catholic community until as late as 1855 when nearby parishes were founded. The chapel continued to be open to the public on Sunday mornings for Mass until the 1990s. A vineyard

4050-420: The main house's roof to make a two-story structure. The new roof was topped by a balustraded deck with an octagonal cupola. The front (east) facade gained a one-story portico with doric columns. A similar portico to the road was built with a room above, while a marble-floored veranda with iron columns extended to each side. The chapel's roof was raised and it was joined to the main house by a two-story passage, as

4131-545: The main house, was designated a National Historic Landmark on November 11, 1971. It remains in the Carroll family as a private working farm. Doughoregan Manor is a colonial manor house built in the early 18th century. The slave plantation was founded on 7,000 acres patented to Charles Carroll I as "Doughoreagan" (sometimes spelled Doororegan) named for a family estate in Ireland , in 1702, and expanded to 10,000 acres as "Doughoreagan Manor" in 1717. The Georgian brick plantation house, built by Charles Carroll II around 1727,

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4212-428: The main houses of plantations, primarily because they were the most likely to survive and usually the most elaborate structures in the complex. Also, until fairly recent times, scholars and local historians usually focused on the life of the plantation owner, that is, the planter, and his or her family rather than the people they held as slaves. All romanticized notions aside, the plantation house was, at its most basic,

4293-731: The main name-bearing Irish septs. Many of these septs developed out of larger groups or clans which predated the development of surnames, as in the case of O’Brien in relation to the Dal Cás or O’Higgins in relation to the Cenél Fiachach, or, in this case, O'Carroll in relation to the Cianachta. However, these larger groupings seldom gave rise to surnames in themselves. Specifically in the case of Munster , The Great Book of Irish Genealogies compiled between 1645 – 66 by Dubhaltach Mac Fhirbhisigh and edited more recently by Nollaig Ó Muraíle (2003), in Vol. II

4374-451: The major families related by blood to the O'Carrolls, which lived within the Kingdom of Éile O'Carroll were the O'Meaghers, O'Caseys, O'Haras, and O'Garas. All of these family surnames, and other related septs, are members of the Clan of Cian - the Cianachta. A branch of the Carrolls moved to Colonial Maryland and were prominent Roman Catholics . They played a formative role in the foundation of

4455-469: The manor became the home of John Lee Carroll , who became Governor of Maryland. In its current configuration the Manor is a brick, two-storied, U-shaped building. The roof is in gabled sections, some with balustraded decks, and in the center is an octagonal cupola . The front center entrance has a one-story tetrastyle Doric portico and is similar to the rear portico. The chapel and kitchen are attached to

4536-535: The mantle of Chief of the Name with the backing of his Council of Chieftains. Chief Fred, descends from the ancient Kings and Princes of Éile O'Carroll. The Kingdom of Éile (Ely) resides in the heart of south-central Ireland. The O'Carroll is a recognized member of the Standing Council of Irish Chiefs and Chieftains . Not all of the current recognized Chiefs on the Standing Council live in Ireland, The O'Carroll,

4617-430: The newly formed Republic of Ireland, the term "clan" or "clanne" in Ireland refers to the people living within a certain territory, whereas in Scotland a clan is composed of people of a specific family. In ancient Ireland, the old kingdom of Éile O'Carroll (Éile Ui Cearbhaill) included many family surnames found today. Of those families, the powerful O'Carrolls were kings, overlords, and later chiefs of their people. A few of

4698-413: The nine buildings listed in the 2015 Sustainable Communities Tax Credits of $ 10 million. The house was originally a 1 + 1 ⁄ 2 -story brick house, about 30 feet deep and 66 feet wide, with a gambrel roof. A detached brick chapel stood to the north, while a brick kitchen stood to the south. The dependent buildings were incorporated into the main structure in the 1830s by Charles Carroll V, raising

4779-400: The number of beautiful homes and manors they have built across Maryland. Most famous is Doughoregan Manor , which remains a family seat in the possession of descendants of Charles Carroll of Carrollton, who is buried there. Another early residence of this branch of the family was the Carroll House of Annapolis . The later Homewood House was the birthplace of Governor John Lee Carroll, and

4860-448: The plantations reflected French Colonial architectural types, some with Spanish influences, that remained in trend well after the Louisiana Purchase in 1803. Following the Revolutionary War , Federal and Jeffersonian -type neoclassicism became dominant in formal plantation architecture. Large portions of the South outside of the original British colonies, such as in Kentucky and Tennessee , did not see extensive settlement until

4941-488: The porch, and was usually raised high above the ground on a full raised basement or piers. It was a common form for many early plantation houses and town houses alike in the lower reaches of Alabama, Louisiana, and Mississippi. When the cotton boom years began in the 1830s, the United States was entering its second neoclassical phase, with Greek Revival architecture being the dominant style. By this point trained architects were also becoming more common, and several introduced

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5022-417: The present Marchioness of Wellesley and three other daughters Elizabeth, Louisa-Catharine (Lady Harvey) and Emily. Sir James Carroll , who was Mayor of Dublin, was knighted by Sir Arthur Chichester, Lord Deputy at Loghroer, the 30th of September 1609. His father, Thomas O'Carroll, being oppressed by the chief of his family, came to live in Dublin. Sir James Carroll had a grant of the Abbey of Baltinglass and

5103-469: The regions ruled by The O'Carroll of Éile O'Carroll in Ireland as well as to all people who wish to honor their background and the ideals that Clan Cian promotes - Irish culture in all its manifestations and the exploration of expatriate Irish's roots back to Ireland. The following is quoted from the Ordnance survey letters to King's County ( Offaly ) 1838 cit. Sir William Betham 's Irish Antiquarian Researches. Part I, Pg.95. Sir William Betham (1779–1853)

5184-416: The social and political life of the colony. Charles Carroll of Annapolis's horse was beaten in 1743 by George Hume Steuart 's " Dungannon " in the Annapolis Subscription Plate , established that year. In 1830, Emily Caton MacTavish donated 253 acres to build St. Charles College, Maryland , After a fire in 1911, Carroll family heirs sued to sell the property and divide the proceeds among the family. During

5265-420: The style to the South. Whereas the earlier Federal and Jeffersonian neoclassicism displayed an almost feminine lightness, academic Greek Revival was very masculine, with a heaviness not seen in the earlier styles. Earlier neoclassicism had often used ancient Roman models and the Tuscan order , along with the Roman versions of the original three Greek orders. The original Greek orders were Doric , Ionic , and

5346-401: The suffix -al originally meaning 'lord'), a more likely original meaning is 'crooked mouth' or 'crooked member' (from cerr 'crooked' and bél 'mouth' or ball 'member'). For this at first glance odd name compare the etymologies of the names Campbell and Cameron . Of Gaelic Irish descent, the Carrolls have their origins in the ancient kingdom of Éile , commonly anglicized Ely , as

5427-731: The top 8 percent of landowners. In his study of southwest Georgia, Lee Formwalt also defines planters in size of land holdings rather than enslaved people. Formwalt's planters are in the top 4.5 percent of land owners, translating into real estate worth $ 6,000 or more in 1850, $ 24,000 or more in 1860, and $ 11,000 or more in 1870. In his study of Harrison County, Texas , Randolph B. Campbell classifies large planters as owners of 20 enslaved humans, and small planters as owners of between ten and 19 enslaved humans. In Chicot and Phillips counties, Arkansas, Carl H. Moneyhon defines large planters as owners of twenty or more enslaved humans, and six hundred or more acres. Most historical research has focused on

5508-405: The wealthiest planters never built grand residences. One example was noted by Albert J. Pickett , an early Alabama historian. In 1850, he visited Nicholas Davis, the owner of the prosperous Walnut Grove Plantation. Despite owning more than 100 slaves, he was still living in the large log house he had built after his migration from Virginia in 1817. He told Pickett that he "would not exchange (it) for

5589-446: Was British resident at Saxe Weimar in 1804. Three other O'Carrolls, John, Donagh and Kedagh, obtained grants of land in Connaught from King Charles II in compensation for their losses in Leinster. From them are descended the families of Springhill, Tirlogh, Ardagh, Carragh and Dunmore in the Co. of Galway; Forthill in the County of Mayo and Doraville in the County of Clare. The other principal families now existing are those of Emmell in

5670-439: Was a wealthy landowner in Maryland and a signer of the Declaration of Independence in 1776. His cousin, Daniel Carroll , was a signer of the U.S. Constitution. Daniel's brother was John Carroll , the first Catholic Bishop ( Archbishop of Baltimore ) in the United States. Historic Ely O'Carroll surnames are: Carroll, Bohan/Bowen, Dooley, Meagher/Maher/Mahar/Mahan, Kelly/Kealy, Flanagan, Corcoran, Healy, Nevin, O'Connor. Clan Cian

5751-457: Was also known as the Cianachta, the Race of Cian, the youngest son of Olioll Ollum King of Munster and grandson of King Eoghan Mor the 1st (known as) Mogh Nuadath of Leith Mogha (Mogha’s Half) of southern Ireland, of the Milesian race of Heber, who contested for supremacy of all Ireland in the second century of the Christian Era. The Cianachta were led for over 1500 years by a recognized king, prince, high chief, or ruling lord chosen from members of

5832-413: Was ancestor to the present High Sheriff of the County of Wicklow, Henry Griffiths (Carroll) of Ballymore Esq. Donagh, or Denis O'Carroll, descended from Donogh O'Carroll, brother to Mulrooney O'Carroll, Chief of his name, who died in 1532, was possessed of the estates of Modereeny and Buolybrack in Tipperary and was ousted by Cromwell. He married O'Kennedy's daughter and had thirty sons, whom he formed into

5913-535: Was called Carrolston. This gentleman was also made Attorney General of the Province and his estates are still in the possession of his grandson, Charles O'Carroll of Carrolston, Esq. aged 90 years, whose father and himself have been members of the senate of that State. Mary, the daughter of the last mentioned Charles, was married to Richard Caton Esq., of the State of Maryland, by whom she was mother to her Excellency Marianne,

5994-690: Was enlarged and remodeled in 1832 by Charles Carroll V in the Greek Revival style. From 1766 to 1832, Doughoregan Manor was the country home of Charles Carroll of Carrollton , (Charles Carroll III) last surviving signer of the Declaration of Independence . He lies buried in the chapel attached to the north end of the mansion. Notable guests that have visited the manor include George Washington , Thomas Jefferson , John Adams , John Hancock , Benjamin Franklin , James Monroe , and Marquis de Lafayette . In 1861,

6075-527: Was in great favour with Kings Charles II and James the I, who were not able to restore him to his paternal estate; the latter made him grants of large tracts of land on the Monoccasy River in the Province of Maryland in the North America, which was divided into three manors of 20,000 acres (81 km ) each and called after the possession he had lost in Ireland, viz., Ely O'Carroll and Doughoregan. The third

6156-567: Was knighted by Sir John Perrott, Lord Deputy in 1584. Sir Mulrooney O'Carroll, son of Sir William, was knighted by Sir George Carew, L. D. of Ireland, at Dublin Castle, St. James's Day, 1 March 1603, being the day of the Coronation of King James I. Roger O'Carroll, son and heir of Sir Mulrooney, was ousted out of his estates by Cromwell, he having attached himself to the King's party under the Duke of Ormond, but his eldest son and heir, Charles O'Carroll,

6237-630: Was planted by Charles Carroll of Annapolis in 1770 with four types of grapes. The vineyard was maintained into 1796, becoming one of the longest surviving colonial vineyards in the United States. A postal office served the manor from 18 September 1876 to 31 August 1907. The manor became the site for the yearly Howard County Horse Show through the 1930s, attracting thousands. The "Manor Dairy" opened in 1962 providing milk and dairy products. The Carroll family were enthusiastic horse breeders and raced thoroughbreds, competing with other well-to-do families at annual racing events, which also formed an important part of

6318-527: Was the Ulster King of Arms and can be considered a fairly reliable source as such. The family of O'Carroll, according to the Irish antiquaries, are descended from Kean, the third son of Olioll Olum, King of Munster. Teige, the eldest son of this Kean, was a distinguished warrior, who by killing in battle his three rivals, procured for Cormac Mac Art, King of Ulster, the Monarchy of Ireland. Cormac rewarded him with

6399-435: Was the kitchen. The work resulted in a Palladian style five-part house extending almost 300 feet (91 m). The house's interior has a center-hall plan, with the oak-paneled main hall extending the full depth (30 feet) of the house. Stairs are located in a small side hall on the north side. A library, large parlor, small parlor and dining room occupy the first floor, with bedrooms on the second. Plantation house in

6480-416: Was typical of the Upper South; and for labor, planters held hundreds of enslaved people. Until December 1865, slavery was legal in parts of the United States. Most enslaved people labored in agricultural production, and planter was a term commonly used to describe a farmer with many enslaved humans. The term planter has no universally-accepted definition, but academic historians have defined it to identify

6561-399: Was usually expressed in wood as Carpenter Gothic . Italianate was the most popular of the two styles. It was also most commonly built using wood construction when used for plantation houses, although a few brick examples, such as Kenworthy Hall , have survived. The outbreak of war in 1861 put an abrupt end to the building of grand mansions. Following the war and the end of Reconstruction ,

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