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73-411: (Charles) Paul (Joseph) Steinitz was born in Chichester in 1909, the son of an Anglican clergyman. He was educated privately and later studied at the Royal Academy of Music , and with George Oldroyd and Stanley Marchant . He was a skilled organist , obtaining his fellowship diploma (FRCO) in 1930, only six months after taking his associateship diploma (ARCO) from the Royal College of Organists . In

146-482: A United States Army Air Forces Consolidated B-24 Liberator crashed in the city, killing three, injuring 38, and damaging hundreds of local buildings. A new West Sussex county library was built in Tower Street in 1967, designed by county architect FR Steele. This was listed at Grade II in 2015. In December 1993 and January 1994, Chichester was affected by the 1993–94 West Sussex floods . On 21 November 2017,

219-482: A double bass . A 1919 recording of Rossini 's Barber of Seville , issued by Italian HMV , gives a unique glimpse of this technique in action, as do cello methods of the period and some scores of Meyerbeer . There are examples of the revival of the harpsichord for this purpose as early as the 1890s (e.g. by Hans Richter for a production of Mozart 's Don Giovanni at the London Royal Opera House ,

292-464: A maritime climate . With its position in southern England, Chichester has mild winters and cool summers. West Sussex has high sunshine levels compared with other parts of the UK with around 1,900 hours annually. The 2011 census recorded a population of 26,795 for the city of Chichester, forming 12,316 households. The 2021 census recorded an increase in population to 29,407, forming 13,263 households. There

365-409: A trombone recitative as part of its Introduction). Arnold Schoenberg labeled the last of his Five Pieces for Orchestra , Op. 16, as " Das obligate Rezitativ ", and also composed a piece for organ , Variations on a Recitative , Op. 40. Other examples of instrumental recitative in twentieth century music include the third movement of Douglas Moore 's Quintet for Clarinet and Strings (1946),

438-638: A 1992 episode of A Bit of Fry and Laurie , the 2003 film Bright Young Things directed by Stephen Fry , the 2005 film Stoned about Brian Jones from the Rolling Stones , and also in the 2009 film Sherlock Holmes . The city is periodically referred to in Call the Midwife , as the seat of the Order of Saint Raymond Nonnatus , the mother house's exterior being depicted in episode 1.6. The West Sussex Record Office

511-490: A changing programme of exhibitions. Chichester is home to the South Downs Planetarium & Science Centre , which opened in 2001 and features a program of public star shows in its 100-seat theatre. The Sloe Fair , a funfair that dates back to the 12th Century, is held annually on 20 October in the city's Northgate car park. Chichester Cinema at New Park is the city's first and only arthouse cinema. It shows

584-517: A daughter Felicity. This marriage was also dissolved. In 1976 he married his third wife Margaret who has continued his work since Paul Steinitz's death and developed the London Bach Society to incorporate Steinitz Bach Players, founding an annual Bachfest in 1990 and of which she is overall artistic director. In 2001, she became an honorary associate of the Royal Academy of Music (Hon.ARAM) and

657-725: A development campaign was launched at the London Bach Society's 20th Bachfest entitled "Bach for Life", an ongoing project, the chief aim of which is to secure a central headquarters for the London Bach Society at some point in the future. Having just celebrated its 70th anniversary in November 2016, the LBS works to a strategic plan and programme of work planned up to 2021, the society's 75th anniversary. Chichester 50°50′11″N 0°46′45″W  /  50.8365°N 0.7792°W  / 50.8365; -0.7792 Chichester ( / ˈ tʃ ɪ tʃ ɪ s t ər / CHITCH -ist-ər )

730-405: A formal musical composition. Recitative can be distinguished on a continuum from more speech-like to more musically sung, with more sustained melodic lines. The mostly syllabic recitativo secco ("dry", accompanied only by continuo , typically cello and harpsichord) is at one end of the spectrum, through recitativo accompagnato (using orchestra), the more melismatic arioso , and finally

803-411: A musical rather than as an opera. Recitative has also sometimes been used to refer to parts of purely instrumental works which resemble vocal recitatives, in terms of their musical style. In an instrumental recitative, one instrument (or group of instruments) are given the melody line (akin to the role of the singer) and another instrument (or group of instruments) are given the accompaniment role. One of

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876-483: A new car park was underway. A museum, The Novium , preserving the baths was opened on 8 July 2012. An amphitheatre was built outside the city walls, close to the East Gate, in around 80 AD. The area is now a park, but the site of the amphitheatre is discernible as a gentle bank approximately oval in shape; a notice board in the park gives more information. In January 2017, archaeologists using underground radar reported

949-666: A selection of mainstream, small-budget and older films 7 days a week. It hosts an annual 18-day International Film Festival in August/September. Vice-presidents are Maggie Smith and Kenneth Branagh . There is a larger, multiplex cinema located at Chichester Gate. Chichester's previous cinemas were the Olympia Electric on Northgate (1911–1922), the Plaza Cinema on South Street (1920–1960, the Odeon from 1945 and now Iceland supermarket),

1022-514: A whole. Many of Wagner's operas employ sections which are analogous to accompanied recitative. Recitative is also occasionally used in musicals , being put to ironic use in the finale of Kurt Weill 's The Threepenny Opera . It also appears in Carousel and Of Thee I Sing . George Gershwin used it in his opera Porgy and Bess , though sometimes the recitative in that work is changed to spoken dialogue. Porgy and Bess has also been staged as

1095-599: Is a cathedral city and civil parish in the Chichester district of West Sussex , England . It is the only city in West Sussex and is its county town . It was a Roman and Anglo-Saxon settlement and a major market town from those times through Norman and medieval times to the present day. It is the seat of the Church of England Diocese of Chichester and is home to a 12th-century cathedral. The city has two main watercourses:

1168-472: Is a small imbalance in the sex ratio , with 15,701, female residents (53.3%) and 13,706 male residents (46.7%). 26,622 residents (91%) listed their ethnic group as white. Chichester has one of the highest rates of empty homes in England, with 1 in every 17 houses vacant. In October 2020, 3,444 houses were vacant, of which 3,302 were second homes. The city has a tourist industry. Several marinas are situated in

1241-582: Is in Orchard Street and contains the county archives. On 21 April 2017 it was announced that a second parchment manuscript copy of the United States Declaration of Independence , now termed The Sussex Declaration , had been discovered in the archives. Chichester has one of the highest rates of empty homes in England, with 1 in every 17 houses vacant. In October 2020, 3,444 houses were vacant, of which 3,302 were second homes. Founded in 1881,

1314-627: Is one of the United Kingdom's flagship producing and touring theatres, whose annual summer season attracts actors, writers and directors from the West End theatre and the USA. Pallant House Gallery , winner of the 2007 gallery of the year Gulbenkian Prize , has a major collection of chiefly modern British art and in 2006 opened a new extension that houses the collection of Sir Colin St John Wilson . It has

1387-668: The Chichester Canal and the River Lavant . The Lavant, a winterbourne , runs to the south of the city walls; it is hidden mostly in culverts when close to the city centre. There is no recorded evidence that Chichester was a settlement of any size before the coming of the Romans . The area around Chichester is believed to have played a significant part during the Roman invasion of AD 43 , as confirmed by evidence of military storage structures in

1460-498: The German language , a controversial move at the time as the language was still perceived as an enemy tongue. In 1952 Steinitz directed the first performance in Britain of Bach's St Matthew Passion in its complete and original German form using the 1736 score. The presentation was a conscious attempt to 'get back to Bach in its original form' that has since been acknowledged as a key moment in

1533-676: The Norman Conquest in 1066, the cathedral that had been founded in 681 at Selsey was moved to Chichester after the Council of London of 1075 decreed that Sees should be centred in cities. When the Domesday Book of 1086 was compiled, Cicestre in the Hundred of Stockbridge (comprising 102 households across the five areas outside the city) comprised 300 dwellings which held a population of 1,500 people, and had an annual value of 25 pounds. There

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1606-672: The Roussillon Barracks in 1958. The military presence had mostly ceased by 2014 and the site was being developed for housing. with the former Guardroom known as The Keep playing host to a detachment of the Army Cadet Force . At the beginning of the 19th-century, Chichester's livestock market was recorded as the second largest in the country. Chichester was bombed by the Luftwaffe during World War II , but fared relatively well compared to larger English cities. On 11 May 1944,

1679-475: The South Downs . This winterbourne for part of its course now runs through the city in underground culverts. The city's site made it an ideal place for settlement, with many ancient routeways converging here. The oldest section lies within the medieval walls of the city, which are built on Roman foundations. The Chichester conservation area , designated for its architectural and historic interest, encompasses

1752-597: The 1930s, he served as director of music at St. Mary's parish church, Ashford, Kent , where he developed his keen interest on Bach while studying for his Doctorate ( University of London , 1940). Having founded the London Bach Society in 1946, Steinitz was then appointed director of music and organist at the Priory Church of St. Bartholomew-the-Great in London (1949–1961) and became senior, then principal lecturer at University of London Goldsmiths College (1945–1977), serving on

1825-667: The 1950s to 1980s and in various American Journals including that of the American Choral Directors Association (ACDA). Steinitz was a fellow of the Royal Academy of Music and Royal College of Organists . He was appointed an Officer of the Order of the British Empire (OBE) in 1985, the Bach tercentenary year. However, he would wish Bach to have the last honour: a portrait of the composer would often be leaning against

1898-533: The 19th century Romantic era by such composers as Gaetano Donizetti , reappearing in Stravinsky 's The Rake's Progress . They also influenced areas of music outside opera. In the early operas and cantatas of the Florentine school, secco recitatives were accompanied by a variety of instruments, mostly plucked fretted strings including the chitarrone , often with a pipe organ to provide sustained tone. Later, in

1971-519: The 19th century: Rossini 's La Cenerentola (1817, recitatives by Luca Agolini ) is a famous example. Later it remained a custom to replace originally spoken dialogue with new recitatives: Carl Maria von Weber 's Der Freischütz (1821, adapted 1841 with recitatives by Hector Berlioz for the Paris Opera), Georges Bizet 's Carmen (1875, recitatives by Ernest Guiraud for the posthumous run in Vienna

2044-607: The 20th century. The word "South" was dropped from the London Bach Society's title in 1952, and later Steinitz embarked on the mammoth task of performing all 208 of Bach's extant cantatas to British audiences. This project was begun in November 1958 and completed in December 1987, just a few months before Steinitz's death. In 1968 he founded the Steinitz Bach Players , a group of professional players who shared Steinitz's ideals of authentic performance. The playing style complemented

2117-481: The Chichester District Council adopted a 'Southern Gateway' plan to redevelop an area from the law courts to the canal basin, including the two railway level crossings. Historically, Chichester was a city and liberty , thereby largely self-governing. Although it has retained its city status, in 1888 it became a municipal borough , transferring some powers to West Sussex administrative county. In 1974

2190-660: The Chichester Symphony Orchestra has both amateur and professional players. Three concerts are given each year with the summer concert being part of the Chichester Festivities while the autumn concert is included in the Chichester Cathedral Lunchtime Series. The Chichester Singers, under musical director Jonathan Willcocks, perform classical and contemporary works in concert. The Chichester RAJF (From "Real Ale and Jazz Festival"),

2263-718: The City Corporation, had met in Chichester Guildhall . In addition to its own council offices, those of the Chichester District and the West Sussex County Council are located in the city. The City Council consists of eighteen elected members serving five wards of the city – North, South, East, West, and Central. Elections to the City Council last took place on Thursday 5 May 2023. The current makeup of

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2336-507: The City Council is shown below - those marked * are also Chichester District Councillors. Chichester is represented in the House of Commons by the Chichester constituency , held since the 2024 General Election by Jess Brown-Fuller . From 1660 to 1868, Chichester returned two members of Parliament , this was reduced to one member by the Reform Act 1867 . The Conservative Party is dominant, with

2409-469: The City of London. It was provided by public subscription, created by Richard Kindersley and unveiled in 1991 by the serving Lord Mayor of London Sir Alexander Grahame GBE. The ceremony was followed by an all-Bach concert that reflected the musical forces Steinitz was advocating, now being handed on to the next generation to take forward. The programme of Bach's seasonal cantatas, the famous Chaconne and Third Suite

2482-479: The Dorset Bach Cantata Club. At the time of its foundation, Steinitz was already contemplating the presentation of a more considered cycle of Bach's cantatas with his London Bach Society, and directing DBCC weekends not only enabled him to create more time to study and perform the cantatas but also to extend knowledge of them to a wider circle. The Dorset Bach Cantata Club remains the only one of its type in

2555-646: The Granada Exchange at the Corn Exchange (1922–1980) and the Gaumont on Eastgate Square (1937–1961, later the swimming baths). The Chichester Open Mic has supported regular programmes of readings by contemporary poets in the city since 2010. It also hosts a high-profile annual event under the banner Poetry and All That Jazz which included performances by Don Paterson in 2010, Sam Willetts in 2011, and David Harsent in 2012. In 2012 The Novium , Chichester's museum,

2628-597: The London Bach Society. He said: "I do not think that Paul was ever truly recognised and I think that England should hang its head in shame ... without him the London Bach Society would not have existed." Steinitz and his first wife Joan (née Paxton), whom he married in 1933, had two sons, Nicholas and Richard. (Professor Richard Steinitz is the founder of the Huddersfield Contemporary Music Festival). This marriage ended in 1945 and Steinitz married his second wife Margery (née Still) by whom he had

2701-512: The North, South, East and West shopping streets radiate from the central market cross dating from medieval times. The original Roman city wall was over 6 + 1 ⁄ 2 feet (2.0 m) thick with a steep ditch (which was later used to divert the River Lavant ). The lower parts of the existing city walls are Roman, but most of the above-ground work is later. The city was also home to some Roman baths, found down Tower Street when preparation for

2774-580: The Royal Academy of Music/Kohn Foundation Bach Cantata series was dedicated to him, a Steinitz Bach String Prize to run for three years was inaugurated at the Royal Welsh College of Music and Drama, a special Bach Cantata concert performed by Steinitz Bach Players and an array of contemporary Bach singers was presented in the Priory Church of St. Bartholomew the Great and a new 18–30 Bach Club founded. In 2010

2847-563: The University of London Senate during his tenure. He was appointed professor at the Royal Academy of Music (1945–1984), then consultant professor from 1984 to 1988. In 1946 Steinitz founded the (South) London Bach Society with the aim of performing Bach's works in their original form, free from the romantic exaggerations which had been habitual from the Victorian era and using appropriate editions. From 1950 onwards Bach's works were performed in

2920-463: The Viking threat. This included old Roman settlements where the walls could be rebuilt and strengthened. Chichester was one of these and was rebuilt probably between 878 and 879. The Burghal Hidage is an Anglo-Saxon document that provides a list of over thirty burhs, mainly in the ancient Kingdom of Wessex , and the taxes (recorded as numbers of hides ) assigned for their maintenance. For each five hides

2993-571: The area of the nearby Fishbourne Roman Palace . The city centre stands on the foundations of the Romano-British city of Noviomagus Reginorum , capital of the Civitas Reginorum . The Roman road of Stane Street , connecting the city with London, started at the east gate, while the Chichester to Silchester road started from the north gate. The plan of the city is inherited from the Romans:

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3066-587: The area together with related industries. A recent government study suggested that the area has a lot of employment with the public sector (as well as within the tourism and leisure industries), with a growing number of self-employed people in the area. The city holds an annual four-week arts and music festival ("Festival of Chichester") held in June and July. Chichester Cathedral has a year-round programme of music, talks and other events, including free lunchtime concerts of classical music. Chichester Festival Theatre ,

3139-579: The castle as its administrative centre. In about 1400 Bishop Robert Reed erected a cross in the Market Place. At Christmas 1642 during the First English Civil War , the city was besieged and St Pancras church was destroyed by gunfire. A military presence was established in the city in 1795 with the construction of a depot on land where the Hawkhurst Gang had been hanged. It was named

3212-555: The conductor's rostrum, and then held high to rapturous applause at the end of the concert. Steinitz died on 21 April 1988 at home in his beloved 18th-century cottage in Old Oxted village , Surrey , after a short illness. He was a devout Quaker who held a passionate belief that music could contribute to peace by bridging political divides. A public memorial to him was placed in the Cloister of St Bartholomew-the-Great , West Smithfield, in

3285-585: The constituency returning a Conservative member at every election since 1868, with the exception of the Liberal Charles Rudkin in 1923 . Between 1812 and 1894 the constituency was represented exclusively by members of the Lennox family . The following people and organisations have received the Freedom of the City of Chichester. The City of Chichester is located on the River Lavant south of its gap through

3358-407: The country and in 2016 celebrated its 60th anniversary. In 2009, Steinitz' centenary year, the group dedicated its October meeting to its founder and first conductor. Steinitz's scholarship and profound understanding of his subject did not prevent him from trusting his players and singers on matters of technique and interpretation. This mutual trust led to some memorable readings and glowing praise in

3431-517: The discovery of the relatively untouched ground floor of a Roman townhouse and outbuilding. The exceptional preservation is due to the fact the site, Priory Park , belonged to a monastery and has never been built upon since Roman times. The legendary foundation of Anglo-Saxon Chichester is described by the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle that says that the area was annexed towards the close of the fifth century, by Ælle and his three sons. The city

3504-483: The earliest examples is found in the slow movement of Vivaldi 's violin concerto in D, RV 208 , which is marked "Recitative". C. P. E. Bach included instrumental recitative in his "Prussian" piano sonatas of 1742, composed at Frederick the Great 's court in Berlin. In 1761, Joseph Haydn took his post at Esterhazy Palace and soon after composed his Symphony No. 7 ("Le Midi") in concertante style (i.e. with soloists). In

3577-472: The festival up until its final staging, in 2011. Recitatives Recitative ( / ˌ r ɛ s ɪ t ə ˈ t iː v / , also known by its Italian name recitativo ( [retʃitaˈtiːvo] ) is a style of delivery (much used in operas , oratorios , and cantatas ) in which a singer is allowed to adopt the rhythms and delivery of ordinary speech. Recitative does not repeat lines as formally composed songs do. It resembles sung ordinary speech more than

3650-434: The full-blown aria or ensemble, where the pulse is entirely governed by the music. Secco recitatives can be more improvisatory and free for the singer, since the accompaniment is so sparse; in contrast, when recitative is accompanied by orchestra, the singer must perform in a more structured way. The term recitative (or occasionally liturgical recitative) is also applied to the simpler formulas of Gregorian chant , such as

3723-434: The instrument being supplied by Arnold Dolmetsch ), but it was not until the 1950s that the 18th-century method was consistently observed once more. In the 2010s, the early music revival movement has led to the re-introduction of harpsichord in some Baroque performances. Accompanied recitative, known as accompagnato or stromentato , employs the orchestra as an accompanying body. The composer writes an arrangement for

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3796-475: The move towards performing Bach's music according to period style and to scale. The annual performances that followed became a highlight of the musical calendar, were broadcast regularly and drew a Who's Who of solo artistry to the platform. Through these and his other influential Bach projects and performances, Steinitz is widely acknowledged to be a pioneer in the field, a key figure in the British Bach revival of

3869-463: The municipal borough became part of the much larger Chichester District . The City Council was retained but it only has the powers of a parish council ; control of services is largely in the hands of Chichester District Council and West Sussex County Council . The City Council meets in the Council House on North Street, which dates from 1731. Prior to this the City Council, and its predecessor

3942-534: The national press. "All of Bach's music is dance music except for the recitatives ", he would tell the musicians he worked with. His publications include the chapter on German church music in the 18th century in the New Oxford History of Music , harmony textbooks for music students as well as books entitled Bach's Passions , Bach for Choirs , and Performing Bach's Vocal Music . There are also numerous letters and articles published by The Musical Times from

4015-437: The operas of Vivaldi and Händel , the accompaniment was standardised as a harpsichord and a bass viol or violoncello . When the harpsichord was gradually phased out over the late 18th century, and mostly disappeared in the early 19th century, many opera-houses did not replace it with the fortepiano , a hammered-string keyboard invented in 1700. Instead the violoncello was left to carry on alone, or with reinforcement from

4088-479: The orchestra musicians. As a result, it is less improvisational and declamatory than recitativo secco , and more song -like. This form is often employed where the orchestra can underscore a particularly dramatic text, as in " Thus saith the Lord " from Händel's Messiah ; Joseph Haydn and Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart were also fond of it. A more inward intensification calls for an arioso ; the opening of " Comfort ye " from

4161-537: The same work is a famous example, while the ending of it ("The voice of him that crieth in the wilderness") is secco . Sometimes a distinction is made between the more dramatic, expressive, or interjecting 'orchestral recitative' ( recitativo obbligato or stromentato ) and a more passive and sustained 'accompanied recitative' ( recitativo accompagnato ). Later operas, under the influence of Richard Wagner , favored through-composition , where recitatives, arias, choruses and other elements were seamlessly interwoven into

4234-478: The same year), Charles Gounod 's Mireille and La colombe (staged by Sergei Diaghilev with recitatives respectively by Eric Satie and Francis Poulenc ). Secco recitatives, popularized in Florence though the proto-opera music dramas of Jacopo Peri and Giulio Caccini during the late 16th century, formed the substance of Claudio Monteverdi 's operas during the 17th century, and continued to be used into

4307-489: The second movement of Beethoven's Fourth Piano Concerto is also an instrumental recitative, although Owen Jander interprets it as a dialogue. Other Romantic music era composers to employ instrumental recitative include Nikolai Rimsky-Korsakov (who composed a lyrical, virtuosic recitative for solo violin with harp accompaniment to represent the title character in his orchestral Scheherazade ) and Hector Berlioz (whose choral symphony Roméo et Juliette contains

4380-540: The second movement of that work, the violinist is the soloist in an instrumental recitative. Ludwig van Beethoven used the instrumental recitative in at least three works, including Piano Sonata No. 17 ( The Tempest ), Piano Sonata No. 31 , and in the opening section of the Finale of his Ninth Symphony . Here, Beethoven inscribed on the score (in French) "In the manner of a recitative, but in tempo ." Leon Plantinga argues that

4453-655: The singing style of the choir in the cantatas and passions and their performances of the St Matthew Passion – and sometimes the St John Passion – were eagerly awaited annual events, generally given in prominent London churches. Performances given beyond the capital brought the singers and players to leading British Festivals, and there were frequent tours abroad, including United States, Israel, German Democratic Republic (1964 and 1983, including St. Thomas' Church Leipzig both times) and Bulgaria . Steinitz's music making

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4526-430: The title Earl of Arundel (also known as the Earl of Sussex until that title fell out of use) was created and became the dominant local landowner. In 1216, Chichester Castle, along with Reigate Castle , was captured by the French , but regained the following year, when the castle was ordered to be destroyed by the king. Between 1250 and 1262, the Rape of Chichester was created from the western half of Arundel rape, with

4599-426: The tones used for the epistle , gospel , preface and collects ; see accentus . The first use of recitative in opera was preceded by the monodies of the Florentine Camerata in which Vincenzo Galilei , father of the astronomer Galileo Galilei , played an important role. The elder Galilei, influenced by his correspondence with Girolamo Mei on the writings of the ancient Greeks and with Erycius Puteanus on

4672-475: The town was expected to provide one fully armed soldier in the king's service, and one man from every hide was to be liable to do garrison duty for the burhs and to help in their initial construction and upkeep. Chichester was one of the larger burhs and was rated at 1500 hides. The system was supported by a communication network based on hilltop beacons to provide early warning. It has been suggested that one such link ran from Chichester to London . Following

4745-491: The whole of the Roman town, and includes many Grade I and II listed buildings . Further to the north lies the separate conservation area around the former Graylingwell Hospital , and to the south, the Chichester Conservation Area has been extended recently to include the newly restored canal basin and part of Chichester Canal itself. The Conservation Area has been split into eight 'character' areas, based on historic development, building type, uses and activities. Chichester has

4818-524: The writings of Hucbald and wishing to recreate the old manner of storytelling and drama, pioneered the use of a single melodic line to tell the story, accompanied by simple chords from a harpsichord or lute. In the Baroque era, recitatives were commonly rehearsed on their own by the stage director, the singers frequently supplying their own favourite baggage arias which might be by a different composer (some of Mozart 's so-called concert arias fall into this category). This division of labour persisted into

4891-513: Was a four-day festival of music and real ale held each July in tents beside the 13th century Guildhall in Priory Park. Founded in 1980 by members of Chichester Hockey Club as a fund-raising event, the festival's early years focused on traditional jazz and featured performers such as Kenny Ball , Humphrey Lyttelton and Kenny Baker . In the 1990s blues and R&B were introduced and acts including Status Quo , Blondie , Boney M , Howard Jones , Go West , The Pretenders and Simple Minds played

4964-409: Was a mill named Kings Mill that would have been rented to local slaves and villeins . After the Battle of Hastings the township of Chichester was handed to Roger de Mongomerie, 1st Earl of Shrewsbury , for courageous efforts in the battle, but it was forfeited in 1104 by the 3rd Earl. Shortly after 1066 Chichester Castle was built by Roger de Mongomerie to consolidate Norman power. In around 1143

5037-470: Was awarded the Officer's Cross of the German Order of Merit in 2006. In 2019, Margaret was awarded the Medal of Honour of the British-German Association. Steinitz' centenary was reflected appropriately at the London Bach Society's Bachfest in 2009 and by other organisations with whom he was closely associated. Care was taken to present a series that was active rather than passive in keeping with Steinitz' own approach to Bach study and performance. A concert in

5110-432: Was given to a distinguished audience of public figures, musicians and supporters. It was a fitting memorial and provided encouragement for the future, the seamless continuity Steinitz wanted so much to take place after his death. At the opening of the London Bach Festival that celebrated the LBS 50th anniversary in 1996, the composer John Tavener paid tribute to Steinitz for his contribution to British musical life and to

5183-613: Was not restricted to Bach and other Baroque composers. He was a champion of contemporary, mostly British, composers. Commissions and first performances were established in the 1950s and 1960s and included works by Stravinsky ( Canticum Sacrum , guest conducted by Robert Craft , in 1956), Bruno Maderna, Luigi Dallapiccola, Peter Maxwell Davies , John Tavener , Anthony Milner , Stanley Glasser (sung in Zulu ), Christopher Brown , Geoffrey Burgon and his own pupil Nicholas Maw . In conjunction with Joan Brocklebank, Steinitz also started another choral and chamber orchestral society in 1955,

5256-538: Was opened by author Kate Mosse . Designed by the architect Keith Williams , is approximately 2.4 times the size of the previous museum in Little London. Key highlights are Roman Bath House, Jupiter Stone and Chilgrove Mosaic. In May 2013 Chichester hosted the Chichester Street Art Festival week where international street artists created colourful murals around the city. Chichester is mentioned in

5329-531: Was supposedly renamed after his son, Cissa . It also says that it was the principal city of the Kingdom of Sussex . However, the foundation story is regarded as a myth by historians as there is no archaeological evidence that Chichester was reoccupied after the Romans left until the 9th century. In the 9th century Alfred the Great set about building a system of fortified towns or forts, known as burhs , in response to

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