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35-503: Dorowa is a village in the province of Manicaland , Zimbabwe located 3 km south of the Save River in the Upper Save valley about 90 km west of Mutare . The village grew up around the opencast Dorowa Mine where phosphate was discovered in 1945. The mine produces all of Zimbabwe's phosphate (155,000 tonnes were mined here in 1996) . The village is a rural service centre for

70-611: A debate arose within the Native Department about the significance of the term mayinini in relation to Manyika marriage customs. Llewellyn Meredith (who had been Native Commissioner in both Melsetter and Makoni districts, whose inhabitants were considered Manyika) expressed his opinion about "Manica customs and language", but was scorned by the Manyika specialists. Superintendent of Natives Umtali mocked Meredith's "18 years experience of Manyika customs gathered in other districts" and invoked

105-642: A few other growth points. Some gatherings fall under the Apostolic Churches, with a notably higher proportion of the Apostolic followers in Mutare and Buhera district. Polygamy is quite prevalent among church members. Other communities such as Muslim are represented, owing to the influence of migration. Manicaland boasts of some of the best performing schools in the country. Schools such as St Augustines (Tsambe), St Faith's School, Rusape (Fisco-'Madetere') (Currently

140-617: A language. In Makoni District , the MaUngwe people use the chi Ungwe . In Chipinge District the Ndau people use chi Ndau and the Machangana/ Shangaani people use chiChangana/ Shangaan language. In Mutare District the people of Marange use chiBocha and the Jindwi people of Zimunya use chiJindwi . These languages transcend the modern day boundaries set by the districts, being synonymous with

175-486: A lesser extent), but it simply cannot absorb the huge numbers of school leavers with high grades. In general, there is a school within a 5 kilometres (3.1 mi) radius across Manicaland. There are numerous primary and secondary schools scattered across the province. The distribution of schools by district is shown in the table below. 19°00′S 32°30′E  /  19.000°S 32.500°E  / -19.000; 32.500 Manyika The Manyika tribe

210-693: A long series of legislative measures (most importantly the Land Apportionment Act of 1930 and the Native Land Husbandry Act of 1951), in the sharp division between Native reserves (later known as the Tribal Trust Lands), and European farming areas, with the Native Purchase Areas forming a kind of middle stage between the two. After the country's independence in 1980, district boundaries were redrawn based on political direction in

245-695: A much smaller area. The greatly expanded Portuguese Manyika included the territory of Maungwe; the Portuguese treated the Makoni chiefs of Maungwe as independent sovereigns and made treaties with them. A third use of Manyika was that made by the British as a counter to claims by the Portuguese and the SaManyika people. In their attempt to gain control of "the Pungwe River route, which was the main water way to and from Beira",

280-426: A number of loyal workers who have served the mine for a long time especially Mr C Muushandu ( more than 35 years) Mr Chitata, Mr Guwa, Mr Manzira and Mr Makonye who have all served for more than 20 years. The late Livingstone Mahwite was an employee of note who defied many odds. He had no formal education, started as a ‘garden hand’ for one of the mine managers and rose to become an electrical and telephone technician in

315-676: A tropical forest climate. The northern part of Manicaland is drained northwards by tributaries of the Zambezi River , including the Gairezi and the Nyangombe . The central and southern portions of the province are drained southwards by the Save River and its tributaries, including the Odzi River . Some areas along the province's eastern edge, including Honde Valley , Burma Valley , and eastern Chimanimani and Chipinge districts, drain eastwards into

350-599: Is I have dealt with Manyikas only...[Let] the Native Commissioner Rusapi deal with Makoni natives and I with Manyika...No dispute should arise. The matter was decided; the Chief Native Commissioner determined that "the N.C., Inyanga deal with all Manyika natives and the N.C., Rusapi with all the Makoni". The Native Department politically and culturally separated the Ungwe of Makoni from the Manyika. In 1915,

385-773: Is a Shona sub-group that originated from Manyika Dynasty . Manyika people speak several dialects which include ChiManyika (Northern Manyika), ChiBocha (Southern Manyika), ChiUngwe, ChiHera, Chijindwi and the Urban dialect which is spoken in urban centers like Mutare and Rusape. The majority of Manyika comes from the eastern region of Zimbabwe and western Mozambique . The dialect is widely spoken in Manicaland Province , upper parts of Mashonaland (Mutoko, Rushinga and Mudzi districts), Manica Province , Sofala , Tete and Zambezia . Those from Nyanga, Nyamaropa, Nyatate and surrounding regions speaks ChiManyika variant whereas those from

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420-438: Is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . Manicaland Manicaland is bordered by Mashonaland East Province to the northwest, Midlands Province to the west, Masvingo Province to the southwest, and Mozambique to the east. It has an area of 36,459 square kilometres (14,077 sq mi), equal to 9.28% of the total area of Zimbabwe. It is the sixth-largest in area of Zimbabwe's ten provinces. Its economy

455-562: Is largely centered around industry and agriculture , particularly manufacturing , diamond and gold mining, timber , tea and coffee plantations, and tourism . In recent years, Manicaland's economy has declined as manufacturing firms and mines continue to fold, and the province now lags behind other Zimbabwean provinces economically and developmentally. Recent developments in the province are noted mainly in Bocha area where several major infrastructural projects are underway. The province

490-486: Is one heavily underdeveloped areas in the country, on top of that, its economy is one the worst mainly due to Zezuru-Korekore supremacy agenda which was pushed by former president Robert Gabriel Mugabe It is noticeable like in this instance despite the fact it hubs largest rural population, second largest population by province and country third largest city, it is among last 5 developed provinces and does not have an international airport which in turn restricts its growth. It

525-540: Is the home of Zimbabwean tourism alongside Matebeleland North but international tourists does not have direct access, they have to come via Harare where there is an international airport. Diamonds were first discovered in country in Chiadzwa area in Bocha but several years down the line, the area have not benefited anything from the discovery. Penalonga is where illegal gold extraction is done, but instead of Manicaland benefiting,

560-552: The British South Africa Company imposed "a treaty on Mutasa on 14 September 1890". The treaty "provided that no one could possess land in Manyika except with the consent of the BSA Company". When it was signed the company invented its own "Greater Manyika", the western boundaries of which lay deep inside Portuguese territory; areas such as Mazoe and Maungwe, to which the company made different claims, were excluded. Once

595-535: The Pungwe and Buzi rivers. The province is subdivided into seven rural districts and three town/councils: Manicaland is the second most populated province in Zimbabwe. It has a population of about 1,755,000 which constitutes about 13.5% of the country's total population. The people of Manicaland speak Shona although the different districts have own languages and dialects. For example, Mutasa District use Manyika as

630-569: The Buhera and Bocha areas spoke ChiHera and ChiBocha variants. There are inherent cultural norms in each of the sub-regions inhabited by the Manyika. The Manyika language is a dialect of the broader Shona language. Largely spoken by the Manyika people in the eastern parts of Zimbabwe and across the border in Mozambique. During colonization the term was taken to include all people from Manicaland an administrative province of eastern Zimbabwe. The Manyika are

665-710: The Manyika dialect are Chiungwe which is for the people mostly under Makoni this dialect is clearly distinct form the others mentioned above. Nyanga also has a lot of other dialects that are distinct from Zezuru and the Chimanyika where they were married into. The Wanyama under chief Saunyama and the Wahwesa in Kairezi, the Tangwena in Nyamaropa and the VaBarwe are dialects that were included to make

700-558: The Manyika dialect. Variations in local vocabulary and word prefixes exist. In East Africa , manyika means "be known"; therefore, some people have Manyika as their surname. The prefix Va- (used in Shona before male names to signify seniority and respect) is Sa- in Manyika. It is also replaced by wa- ; vanhu vakaenda vakawanda becomes wanhu wakaenda wakawanda . However, in some areas Zezuru and Karanga words have been completely altered when they are translated into ChiManyika; for example,

735-649: The Mazoe and south by the Sabi river valley to its junction with the Odzi river, then east along the Musapa and Buzi rivers to the mouth of the Pungwe. This enormous size of Manyika was evidently fixed by political and commercial considerations. The Mazoe river valley was included because of rumours of abundant alluvial gold. The Kingdom of Manyika over which the Manyika rulers...exercised authority...was

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770-479: The Save communal land. The mine itself has recently been hit by hard times with power cuts disrupting production and old machinery becoming obsolete with maintenance costs becoming unsustainable. Dorowa Minerals Limited has managed to distance itself from local and regional politics. The departure of long serving General Manager, Mr Mafukidze in 2012 induced a mixed reaction in the workforce. It has however managed to retain

805-513: The Zezuru word Nhasi (meaning "today") becomes Nyamusi in Manyika. The identification through cultures languages and artificial boundaries worked well in separating and dividing the Zimbabweans thus making it easier for the management and control of the administrative districts. This however failed to maintain and appreciate the religious and cultural norms of these dialects. This has been adopted by

840-573: The best performing school 2012 at 'O' level and 'A' level in Zimbabwe), Nyanga High School, Marist Brothers , St Marys, Mt Selinda High, Bonda High, Emmanuel High, Kriste Mambo, Mutare Boys' High School, Mutare Girls High (The Shumbas), St Dominics Mutare, Marange High, Hartzell High, Lydia Chimonyo, Sakubva High , Dangamvura High. These have produced exceptional results over the years and a great number of academics renowned internationally. The privately run Africa University provides some relief (albeit to

875-552: The company's frontiers had been fixed by means of war and arbitration, there was no longer any need to inflate the power and territory of Mutasa. The kingdom of Manyika was divided between the two administrative districts of Umtali and Inyanga; much of its land was alienated to white farmers, and the administration was determined to advance a minimal definition of Manyikahood. "Umtassa's country and people are called Manyika", wrote Native Commissioner Umtali in January 1904. "They do not speak

910-476: The company. The mine has two residential areas which are Save Heights, a leafy low-density suburb located in a mountain about 2 km from the mine and Tongogara Village located a further 2 km from Save Heights. The mine also has a fully functional clinic that is open to all surrounding residents and an ambulance for emergencies. 19°04′S 31°45′E  /  19.067°S 31.750°E  / -19.067; 31.750 This Zimbabwe location article

945-405: The current governments though these boundaries have been shifted the identification of these dialects as representing a culture is still to be considered. This has subsequently led to the abandonment and lack of appreciation of minority cultures by so doing killing the aspect of identity and belonging. In 1695 Emperor Changamire Dombo overran the rich gold-producing kingdom of Manyika, descending to

980-539: The lowlands on the eastern edge of the country to destroy the Portuguese market town at Masikwesi. Dombo now controlled the whole gold-producing territory from Butwa in the southwest to Manyika in the northeast. Another use for the word Manyika was developed by the Portuguese in the late 19th century. On a Portuguese map of 1887...its boundaries extended along the Zambezi from Shupanga to near Tete, then south-west along

1015-520: The newer dispensation. A great number of the population practise their own traditional way of worshipping, but many also practice Christianity (about 65%). The majority falling under the traditional churches: Methodist Church , Seventh-day Adventist Church , the Anglican Church and the Roman Catholic Church . The Pentecostal churches have large followings in the urban areas of Mutare and

1050-542: The people in their Chiefdoms, who originally occupied these lands and beyond, prior to the displacement and resettlement caused by colonial occupation and repression in the early part of the 20th century. Boundaries between Kingdoms/ Chiefdoms were redrawn under the Land Apportionment Act of 1930 and the Native Land Husbandry Act of 1951. Colonial authorities used a similar technique to divide up land and authority, which in colonial Rhodesia manifested itself, through

1085-533: The people under chief Mutasa whose territory used to stretch into now Mozambique. To the south it is bordered by the Jindwi dialect also known as Chibocha. The Jindwi share borders with the Ndau in Chimanimani stretching down to Chipinge and have the Vahera to the west. The Ndau dialect is complicated on its own with people from the dry parts distinct from those from the highlands. The other cultures and dialects married into

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1120-479: The resources are being looted by Scott Sakupwanya's company and several top government officials. The name Manicaland derives from the fact that part of the area has been occupied in history by the Manyika people. The Manyika are a tribal grouping classified as Shona , with their own language variant, the Manyika language . The province is bordered by Mashonaland East Province to the north, Midlands Province to

1155-411: The same dialect as the other Mashonas". The desire to separate Mutasa from neighbouring peoples can be seen in early district reports from Umtali, in which Native Commissioner Hulley contended that the three chiefs in the district (Mutasa, Maranke and Zimunya) had distinct origins (even if there was a popular tendency to refer to his district as "Manicaland"). As far as the administrative district of Makoni

1190-540: The west, Masvingo Province to the south and southwest, and the Republic of Mozambique to the east. The provincial capital, Mutare (pop:184,205), lies approximately 265 kilometres (165 mi), by road, southeast of Harare , the capital of Zimbabwe and the largest city in that country. The Eastern Highlands run along the eastern edge of Manicaland. The highlands are made up of several mountain ranges and include Mount Nyangani , Zimbabwe's highest peak. Manicaland has

1225-559: Was concerned, the Native Department emphasized the distinction between its people and the Manyika. In 1910 there was a boundary dispute between the Native Commissioners of Makoni and Inyanga districts. Native Commissioner Inyanga wrote Superintendent of Natives Umtali to explain why he was collecting tax from Africans on farms which lay just within the western border of Makoni district: There are no Makoni (Shonga) natives on any of these farms. I have always acted on your suggestion—that

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