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164-583: The college department was formerly exclusive for males until 2004, when the department started accepting female students. DBTC has been starting to accept female students in SY 2020–2021. Following the nationwide implementation of K-12 , DBTC implemented the co-educational senior high school program in 2016. It is part of the IUS or the Istituzioni Universitarie Salesiane (Salesian University Institutions),

328-619: A priest , the sacrificial bread and wine become the body and blood of Christ . The Virgin Mary is venerated as the Perpetual Virgin , Mother of God , and Queen of Heaven ; she is honoured in dogmas and devotions . Catholic social teaching emphasizes voluntary support for the sick, the poor, and the afflicted through the corporal and spiritual works of mercy . The Catholic Church operates tens of thousands of Catholic schools, universities and colleges , hospitals , and orphanages around

492-583: A " Makabansa " learning area to instill Filipino identity and nationalism among students. It will be implemented in phases from 2024 to 2028 on Kinder and Grades 1 to 10. Formal education is the hierarchically structured, chronologically graded 'education system', running from primary school through the university and including, in addition to general academic studies, various specialized programs and institutions for full-time technical and professional training. K–12 and tertiary education from colleges are characterized as formal education. This does not include

656-577: A " prisoner in the Vatican ". This stand-off, which was spoken of as the Roman Question , was resolved by the 1929 Lateran Treaties , whereby the Holy See acknowledged Italian sovereignty over the former Papal States in return for payment and Italy's recognition of papal sovereignty over Vatican City as a new sovereign and independent state. Catholic missionaries generally supported, and sought to facilitate,

820-776: A bachelor's degree in Aeronautical Engineering and in related fields. Don Bosco Mandaluyong is a member school of the National Collegiate Athletic Association (Philippines) South , which consists of schools from the Calabarzon Region (south of Metro Manila) and most central and southern parts of the National Capital Region . Distinguished from the NCAA Philippines-Main, NCAA-South's founding members were mostly sister schools of

984-481: A chosen specialization in the ninth and tenth grades (based on previous grades and a written placement exam). Technical specializations & subjects: Tracks offered: Programs offered: The TVET (Technical Vocational Education and Training Center; formerly the Manpower Skills and Training Center) was established in 1971 primarily to assist the youth of various communities by offering technical training as

1148-583: A degree and secure a job later in life. A highly centralized, experimental public school system was installed in 1901 by the Philippine Commission and legislated by Act No. 74. The law exposed a severe shortage of qualified teachers by large enrollment numbers in schools. As a result, the Philippine Commission authorized the Secretary of Public Instruction to bring more than 1,000 teachers from

1312-567: A free public education system in the Philippines, managed by the government. The decree mandated the establishment of at least one primary school for boys and one for girls in each town under the municipal government's responsibility and the establishment of a regular school for male teachers under the supervision of the Jesuits . Primary education was also declared free and available to every Filipino, regardless of race or social class. Contrary to what

1476-527: A means of acquiring manpower skills. Fields offered: Aircraft Maintenance Technology is a 2-year technician program within the DBTC campus, plus a 3-month Supervised In-Plant Training (SIPT) in reputable companies and industrial workplaces. Students are taught to have mastery over reciprocating machines and familiarity in jet engine operations. This program enables to become specialized technicians in both Airframe and Powerplant, and are qualified to continue towards

1640-714: A nun, founded in 1885 an orphanage the Asilo de Looban in Paco , an arrabal of Manila . It was the first orphanage founded by a Filipino and it would later offer academic and vocational instruction. The defeat of Spain following the Spanish–American War led to the short-lived Philippine Independence movement , which established the First Philippine Republic . The schools maintained by Spain for over three centuries were closed briefly but reopened on August 29, 1898, by

1804-471: A requirement for the effectivity of K–12 and start of phasing out K–10 on April 24 of the following year. The K–12 educational system —one year of Kindergarten, six years of elementary education, four years of junior high school education, and two years of senior high school education—became effective on April 24, 2012; the K–12 also included a new curriculum for all schools nationwide. To guarantee continuity of

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1968-470: A specialization based on aptitude, interests, and school capacity. The choice of career track will define the content of the subjects a student will take in grades 11 and 12. Because of the shift in the curriculum, the general education curriculum in college will have fewer units, as these subjects taken up in basic education will be removed. Despite dating back as far as 1925 with the Monroe Survey during

2132-514: A technical education and skills development to earn a certificate or a diploma within one to three years, depending on the skill. The K–10 system co-existed with the current K–12 curriculum from April 24, 2012, until K–10 was entirely phased out on June 5, 2017, upon the effectivity of K–12 in Grade 6. The last batch of the K–10 elementary and high school students have completed primary and secondary education at

2296-500: A writing system known as baybayin , whose use was wide and varied, though other syllabaries were used throughout the archipelago. Inculcation of reverence for the god Bathala , obedience to authority, loyalty to the family or clan, and respect for truth and righteousness were the chief aims of education. Formal education was brought to the Philippines by the Spanish, which was primarily conducted by religious orders . Upon learning

2460-510: A year after securing Manila, the Americans were keen to open up seven schools with army service members teaching with army command-selected books and supplies. In the same year, 1899, more schools were opened, this time with 24 English-language teachers and 4500 students. In that system, primary education consisted of 6 years of elementary and four years of secondary schooling. Until recently, it prepared students for tertiary-level instruction to earn

2624-691: Is a Catholic secondary school for boys and girls, with a population of approximately 1,000 students. Its entire program is located in the High School Building (formerly the Blessed Philip Rinaldi Building) and the Savio Quadrangle beside the Dona Cecilia Building. The technical subjects are offered throughout the four years of Junior High School, with general technology subjects taken during seventh and eighth grades and

2788-469: Is among the world's oldest and largest international institutions and has played a prominent role in the history and development of Western civilization . The church consists of 24 sui iuris churches , including the Latin Church and 23 Eastern Catholic Churches , which comprise almost 3,500 dioceses and eparchies around the world . The pope , who is the bishop of Rome, is the chief pastor of

2952-523: Is generally regarded as an institution that has its origin in the Medieval Christian setting. The massive Islamic invasions of the mid-7th century began a long struggle between Christianity and Islam throughout the Mediterranean Basin. The Byzantine Empire soon lost the lands of the eastern patriarchates of Jerusalem , Alexandria and Antioch and was reduced to that of Constantinople,

3116-847: Is managed by three government agencies by level of education: the Department of Education (DepEd) for basic education; the Commission on Higher Education (CHED) for higher education ; and the Technical Education and Skills Development Authority (TESDA) for technical and vocational education. Public education is funded by the national government. Private schools are generally free to determine their curriculum in accordance with existing laws and regulations. Institutions of higher education are classified as public or private; public institutions are subdivided into state universities and colleges (SUCs) and local colleges and universities (LCUs). During

3280-474: Is mandatory according to the 1987 Philippine Constitution. Pre-primary education caters to children aged five; a child aged six could enter elementary school without pre-primary education. Following primary education is four years of secondary education, divided into three years of lower secondary and one year of upper secondary education; ideally, a child would enter secondary education at the age of 12. After completing secondary education, students may progress to

3444-649: Is one of many attempts by the government to meet this demand. In line with the Filipinization policy of the government, the Reorganization Act of 1916 provided that all department secretaries except the Secretary of Public Instruction must be natural-born Filipinos. A series of revisions (in terms of content, length, and focus) to the curriculum began in 1925 when the Monroe Survey Commission released its findings. After failed attempts on implementing

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3608-676: Is the bishop of Rome , known as the pope ( Latin : papa , lit.   'father'), whose jurisdiction is called the Holy See ( Sancta Sedes in Latin). In parallel to the diocesan structure are a variety of religious institutes that function autonomously, often subject only to the authority of the pope, though sometimes subject to the local bishop. Most religious institutes only have male or female members but some have both. Additionally, lay members aid many liturgical functions during worship services. The Catholic Church has been described as

3772-474: Is the one, holy, catholic and apostolic church founded by Jesus Christ in his Great Commission , that its bishops are the successors of Christ's apostles , and that the pope is the successor to Saint Peter , upon whom primacy was conferred by Jesus Christ. It maintains that it practises the original Christian faith taught by the apostles, preserving the faith infallibly through scripture and sacred tradition as authentically interpreted through

3936-482: Is the universal [katholike] Church." In the Catechetical Lectures ( c.  350 ) of Saint Cyril of Jerusalem , the name "Catholic Church" was used to distinguish it from other groups that also called themselves "the church". The "Catholic" notion was further stressed in the edict De fide Catolica issued 380 by Theodosius I , the last emperor to rule over both the eastern and the western halves of

4100-639: The Pax Romana made travelling safe. The empire encouraged the spread of a common culture with Greek roots, which allowed ideas to be more easily expressed and understood. Unlike most religions in the Roman Empire, however, Christianity required its adherents to renounce all other gods, a practice adopted from Judaism (see Idolatry ). The Christians' refusal to join pagan celebrations meant they were unable to participate in much of public life, which caused non-Christians—including government authorities—to fear that

4264-783: The Byzantine–Seljuk Wars , which caused Urban to launch the First Crusade aimed at aiding the Byzantine Empire and returning the Holy Land to Christian control. In the 11th century , strained relations between the primarily Greek church and the Latin Church separated them in the East–West Schism, partially due to conflicts over papal authority. The Fourth Crusade and the sacking of Constantinople by renegade crusaders proved

4428-735: The Code of Canon Law (1983). "Catholic Church" is also used in the documents of the Second Vatican Council (1962–1965), the First Vatican Council (1869–1870), the Council of Trent (1545–1563), and numerous other official documents. The New Testament , in particular the Gospels , records Jesus' activities and teaching, his appointment of the Twelve Apostles and his Great Commission of

4592-648: The Council of Nicaea declared heretical . The resulting religious discord between Germanic rulers and Catholic subjects was avoided when, in 497, Clovis I , the Frankish ruler, converted to orthodox Catholicism, allying himself with the papacy and the monasteries. The Visigoths in Spain followed his lead in 589, and the Lombards in Italy in the course of the 7th century. Western Christianity , particularly through its monasteries ,

4756-629: The Department of Education (Philippines) (DepEd). International affiliations are the Istituzioni Universitarie Salesiane (IUS), corresponding to the international recognition of being a Salesian institution, the Moody International Certification (International Organization for Standardization), and the United Kingdom Accreditation Service (UKAS). Education in the Philippines#K-12 {{"Education in

4920-469: The Department of Education (Philippines) . Technical studies are the equivalent of the standard Technology and Livelihood Education subject in other schools, with the subjects focusing more on future occupations connected to engineering and technology. The Don Bosco Technical College-Grade School is a Catholic elementary school for boys and girls, offering Kindergarten until Grade 6. The Grade School Program advocates Information Literacy as its approach to

5084-710: The Edict of Thessalonica made Nicene Christianity the state church of the Roman Empire , a position that within the diminishing territory of the Byzantine Empire would persist until the empire itself ended in the fall of Constantinople in 1453, while elsewhere the church was independent of the empire, as became particularly clear with the East–West Schism . During the period of the Seven Ecumenical Councils , five primary sees emerged, an arrangement formalized in

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5248-725: The English Reformation and the eventual development of Anglicanism . The Reformation contributed to clashes between the Protestant Schmalkaldic League and the Catholic Emperor Charles V and his allies. The first nine-year war ended in 1555 with the Peace of Augsburg but continued tensions produced a far graver conflict—the Thirty Years' War —which broke out in 1618. In France, a series of conflicts termed

5412-681: The First Philippine Republic . However, the Philippine–American War hindered its progress. Established in the American-occupied zone, Colegio Filipino (now National University) is a Philippine college that dates from this period and has survived. There also existed for many decades the Rosa Sevilla Memorial School, originally founded on July 15, 1900, as the Instituto de Mujeres , an all-girls private school. About

5576-586: The French Wars of Religion was fought from 1562 to 1598 between the Huguenots (French Calvinists ) and the forces of the French Catholic League , which were backed and funded by a series of popes. This ended under Pope Clement VIII , who hesitantly accepted King Henry IV's 1598 Edict of Nantes granting civil and religious toleration to French Protestants. The Council of Trent (1545–1563) became

5740-583: The Immaculate Conception as a dogma in the Catholic Church . In 1870, the First Vatican Council affirmed the doctrine of papal infallibility when exercised in specifically defined pronouncements, striking a blow to the rival position of conciliarism . Controversy over this and other issues resulted in a breakaway movement called the Old Catholic Church , The Italian unification of

5904-682: The Italian Peninsula , imprisoning Pope Pius VI , who died in captivity. Napoleon later re-established the Catholic Church in France through the Concordat of 1801 . The end of the Napoleonic Wars brought Catholic revival and the return of the Papal States . In 1854, Pope Pius IX , with the support of the overwhelming majority of Catholic bishops, whom he had consulted from 1851 to 1853, proclaimed

6068-672: The Jesuits in 1589, was the first colegio . Eventually, it was incorporated into the University of Santo Tomas, College of Medicine and Pharmacology , following the suppression of the Jesuits . Girls had two types of schools – the Beaterio , a school meant to prepare them for the life at convent, and another, a Colegio , meant to prepare them for secular womanhood. The Spanish also introduced printing presses to produce books in Spanish and Tagalog, sometimes using Baybayin . The first book printed in

6232-957: The Mapa High School Building in Bagumpanahon ; Constabulary Academy No. 2, at the former Araullo High School Building in Bagumbayan ; Constabulary Academy No. 3 at the Torres High School Building in Bagumbuhay ; Constabulary Academy No. 4 at the Legarda Elementary School in Bagumpanahon ; and the Bureau of Constabulary Academy on Carlock Street in Cebu. During this period, the Philippine Nautical School, now known as

6396-404: The Oriental Orthodox Churches before the Council of Chalcedon in AD 451; all separated primarily over differences in Christology . The Eastern Catholic Churches, who have a combined membership of approximately 18 million, represent a body of Eastern Christians who returned or remained in communion with the pope during or following these schisms for a variety of historical circumstances. In

6560-544: The Philippine Commission . Several other laws were passed throughout the period. In 1902, Act No. 372 authorized the opening of provincial high schools. While in 1908, Act No. 1870 initiated the opening of the University of the Philippines , now the country's national university . However, the emergence of high school education in the Philippines did not occur until 1910. It was borne out of rising numbers in enrollment, widespread economic depression, growing demand by big businesses and technological advances in factories,

6724-484: The Philippine Merchant Marine Academy , remained in operation, and the Japanese authorities even increased its student population. A school established during the Japanese period which still exists is St. Paul College of Makati . The country's education sector underwent several changes throughout the years after the relinquishment of the United States of its authority all over the Philippines in 1947. Then President Manuel Roxas issued Executive Order No. 94, which renamed

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6888-437: The Polish People's Republic , became the first non-Italian pope in 455 years. His 26 1/2-year pontificate was one of the longest in history, and was credited with hastening the fall of communism in Europe. John Paul II sought to evangelize an increasingly secular world . He travelled more than any other pope, visiting 129 countries, and used television and radio as means of spreading the church's teachings. He also emphasized

7052-422: The Protestant Reformation of the 16th century, when those who ceased to be in communion became known as Protestants. While the Roman Church has been used to describe the pope's Diocese of Rome since the Fall of the Western Roman Empire and into the Early Middle Ages (6th–10th century), Roman Catholic Church has been applied to the whole church in the English language since the Protestant Reformation in

7216-409: The Roman Empire , when establishing the state church of the Roman Empire . Since the East–West Schism of 1054, the Eastern Orthodox Church has taken the adjective Orthodox as its distinctive epithet; its official name continues to be the Orthodox Catholic Church. The Latin Church was described as Catholic , with that description also denominating those in communion with the Holy See after

7380-419: The Tridentine Mass as found in the Roman Missal of 1962, which he titled the "Extraordinary Form". Citing the frailties of advanced age, Benedict resigned in 2013, becoming the first pope to do so in nearly 600 years. Pope Francis, the current pope of the Catholic Church, became in 2013 the first pope from the Americas, the first from the Southern Hemisphere , and the first Pope from outside Europe since

7544-418: The University of Oxford , University of Paris , and University of Bologna . Higher education before then had been the domain of Christian cathedral schools or monastic schools, led by monks and nuns . Evidence of such schools dates back to the 6th century CE. These new universities expanded the curriculum to include academic programs for clerics, lawyers, civil servants, and physicians. The university

7708-431: The alternative learning system (ALS) was institutionalized by a law signed by President Duterte. A new "less congested" and "revised" version of K–12, called the " Matatag curriculum", was launched by the DepEd, headed by Vice President Sara Duterte , in August 2023. This version of the K–12 reduced the learning areas for students from seven to five, and removed Mother Tongue as a separate subject; it also emphasized

7872-444: The dignity of work and natural rights of labourers to have fair wages and safe conditions in Laborem exercens . He emphasized several church teachings, including moral exhortations against abortion, euthanasia , and against widespread use of the death penalty, in Evangelium Vitae . Pope Benedict XVI , elected in 2005, was known for upholding traditional Christian values against secularization , and for increasing use of

8036-406: The local language , recall the legendary origin of the community of Mandaluyong. Tradition has it that the name of the city where the school is located originated from the abundance of the waves or "mga daluyong". The half-gear on the left and the laurel leaves on the right that surround the central design are emblematic respectively of technical and academic education. This seal in its current form

8200-445: The magisterium of the church. The Roman Rite and others of the Latin Church, the Eastern Catholic liturgies , and institutes such as mendicant orders , enclosed monastic orders and third orders reflect a variety of theological and spiritual emphases in the church. Of its seven sacraments , the Eucharist is the principal one, celebrated liturgically in the Mass . The church teaches that through consecration by

8364-414: The 13-year program is found to be the best period for learning under primary education, and is also the recognized standard for students and professionals globally. Catholic God Schools Relations with: The Catholic Church , also known as the Roman Catholic Church , is the largest Christian church , with 1.28 to 1.39 billion baptized Catholics worldwide as of 2024. It

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8528-422: The 14th century. To escape instability in Rome, Clement V in 1309 became the first of seven popes to reside in the fortified city of Avignon in southern France during a period known as the Avignon Papacy . The Avignon Papacy ended in 1376 when the pope returned to Rome, but was followed in 1378 by the 38-year-long Western schism , with claimants to the papacy in Rome, Avignon and (after 1409) Pisa. The matter

8692-412: The 16th century, the Reformation led to the formation of separate, Protestant groups. From the late 20th century, the Catholic Church has been criticized for its teachings on sexuality , its doctrine against ordaining women , and its handling of sexual abuse cases involving clergy. Catholic (from Greek : καθολικός , romanized :  katholikos , lit.   'universal')

8856-414: The 1860s incorporated the Papal States, including Rome itself from 1870, into the Kingdom of Italy , thus ending the papacy's temporal power . In response, Pope Pius IX excommunicated King Victor Emmanuel II , refused payment for the land, and rejected the Italian Law of Guarantees , which granted him special privileges. To avoid placing himself in visible subjection to the Italian authorities, he remained

9020-409: The 1945 K–10 curriculum took nine years and three Philippine presidents from Gloria Macapagal Arroyo in May 2008 to Rodrigo Duterte on June 5, 2017 . After convening from 1906 to 1918, what was simply an advisory committee on textbooks was officiated in 1921 as the Board on Textbooks through Act No. 2957. However, the Board faced difficulties even up to the 1940s because financial problems hindered

9184-522: The 1960s, Pope John XXIII convened the Second Vatican Council , which ushered in radical change to church ritual and practice, and in the later 20th century, the long reign of Pope John Paul II contributed to the fall of communism in Europe, and a new public and international role for the papacy. From the late 20th century, the Catholic Church has been criticized for its doctrines on sexuality , its inability to ordain women , and its handling of sexual abuse cases . Pope Pius X (1903–1914) renewed

9348-407: The 1991 report by the Congressional Commission on Education (EDCOM), the department was recommended to be divided into three parts. Thus, the passage of the Republic Acts 7722 and 7796 in 1994 led to the "tri focalization" of the educational system in the Philippines. Republic Act 7722, or the Higher Education Act of 1994, created the Commission on Higher Education (CHED), which assumed the functions of

9512-399: The 20th century, the majority have resided in the Global South , partially due to secularization in Europe and North America. The Catholic Church shared communion with the Eastern Orthodox Church until the East–West Schism in 1054, disputing particularly the authority of the pope . Before the Council of Ephesus in AD 431, the Church of the East also shared in this communion, as did

9676-408: The 21st century. Pope Gregory VII further initiated the Gregorian Reforms regarding the independence of the clergy from secular authority. This led to the Investiture Controversy between the church and the Holy Roman Emperors , over which had the authority to appoint bishops and popes. In 1095, Byzantine emperor Alexius I appealed to Pope Urban II for help against renewed Muslim invasions in

9840-461: The 9-year implementation process of K–12 curriculum finally began on May 20, 2008 when Senator Mar Roxas filed the Omnibus Education Reform Act of 2008 (Senate Bill 2294) to strengthen the Philippine education system through timely interventions on the quality of teachers, the medium of instruction used and the evaluation of students' aptitude, among other aspects. It mandates the effectivity of K–12 four years later on April 24, 2012 which increase in

10004-405: The American period, the Philippines had three levels of education: the "elementary" level, which consisted of four primary years and 3 intermediate years; the "secondary" or high school level, consisting of four years; and the "college" or tertiary level. Every child from age 7 was required to register in schools in their respective town or province; students were given free school materials. Religion

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10168-412: The American period, the implementation process of the K–12 curriculum only began in May 20, 2008 with the filing of the Omnibus Education Reform Act of 2008 (Senate Bill 2294) by Senator Mar Roxas . Kindergarten then became compulsory three years later on June 6, 2011, as a requirement for the effectivity of K–12 and start of phasing out process the 1945 or K–10 system on April 24 of the following year upon

10332-416: The Americas, Asia and Oceania by explorers, conquistadors, and missionaries, as well as by the transformation of societies through the socio-political mechanisms of colonial rule. Pope Alexander VI had awarded colonial rights over most of the newly discovered lands to Spain and Portugal and the ensuing patronato system allowed state authorities, not the Vatican, to control all clerical appointments in

10496-407: The Basic Education Department, College Department, Industrial Technicians Course, Manpower Skills and Training Center, Center for Research and Training, Information Systems and Technology Center, Don Bosco Youth Center, St. Dominic Savio Parish, and Pinardi Boarding House. The seal is bordered on top by the school's motto: Ascende Superius , which means "come up to a higher place". At the center of

10660-415: The Bureau of Higher Education and supervised tertiary degree programs Republic Act 7796 or the Technical Education and Skills Development Act of 1994, created the Technical Education and Skills Development Authority (TESDA), which absorbed the Bureau of Technical-Vocational Education as well as the National Manpower and Youth Council, and began to supervise non-degree technical-vocational programs. Meanwhile,

10824-402: The Byzantine Empire lost to the Lombards the city of Ravenna from which it governed the small fragments of Italy, including Rome, that acknowledged its sovereignty. The fall of Ravenna meant that confirmation by a no longer existent exarch was not asked for during the election in 752 of Pope Stephen II and that the papacy was forced to look elsewhere for a civil power to protect it. In 754, at

10988-405: The Catholic and Orthodox churches. Several eastern churches reunited, forming the majority of the Eastern Catholic Churches . The Age of Discovery beginning in the 15th century saw the expansion of Western Europe's political and cultural influence worldwide. Because of the prominent role the strongly Catholic nations of Spain and Portugal played in Western colonialism, Catholicism was spread to

11152-422: The Christians were angering the gods and thereby threatening the peace and prosperity of the Empire. The resulting persecutions were a defining feature of Christian self-understanding until Christianity was legalized in the 4th century. In 313, Emperor Constantine I 's Edict of Milan legalized Christianity, and in 330 Constantine moved the imperial capital to Constantinople , modern Istanbul, Turkey . In 380

11316-431: The Commission on Higher Education (CHED) oversees higher education, and the Department of Education (DepEd) oversees basic education. The national government pays for public education. }} Education in the Philippines is compulsory at the basic education level, composed of kindergarten , elementary school (grades 1–6), junior high school (grades 7–10), and senior high school (grades 11–12). The educational system

11480-419: The Department of Education, Culture, and Sports retained all elementary and secondary education responsibilities. The start of the twenty-first century saw a significant change in the Philippine education system. In August 2001, Republic Act 9155, otherwise called the Governance of Basic Education Act, was passed. This act changed the department's name to the current Department of Education (DepEd) and redefined

11644-485: The Department of Instruction into the Department of Education with the regulation and supervision of public and private schools belonging to the Bureau of Public and Private Schools. After the war, the public school system was rebuilt by launching the Philippine Community School program, which received worldwide recognition. As early as 1953, the educational development in the Philippines drew attention from neighbouring Asian countries, with several Asian educators visiting

11808-793: The Don Bosco Educational Apostolate of the Philippines and the Don Bosco Philippines North Province (DB-FIN). Don Bosco Mandaluyong was awarded the ISO 9001:2000 certification (Certificate No. 6720) by Moody International Certification ( Malaysia ) Sdn. Bhd. and United Kingdom Accreditation Service. Don Bosco Mandaluyong was envisaged as one of the "big three" schools in Mandaluyong, together with La Salle Green Hills and Lourdes School of Mandaluyong , which also offer all-boys elementary and secondary education. However, of

11972-610: The Edict of Nantes by King Louis XIV of France , which ended a century-long policy of religious toleration of Protestant Huguenots. As the papacy resisted pushes for Gallicanism , the French Revolution of 1789 shifted power to the state, caused the destruction of churches, the establishment of a Cult of Reason , and the martyrdom of nuns during the Reign of Terror . In 1798, Napoleon Bonaparte 's General Louis-Alexandre Berthier invaded

12136-452: The European imperial powers' conquest of Africa during the late nineteenth century. According to the historian of religion Adrian Hastings , Catholic missionaries were generally unwilling to defend African rights or encourage Africans to see themselves as equals to Europeans, in contrast to Protestant missionaries, who were more willing to oppose colonial injustices. During the 20th century,

12300-556: The Holy See, or the Apostolic See (meaning the see of the apostle Peter). Directly serving the pope is the Roman Curia, the central governing body that administers the day-to-day business of the Catholic Church. The pope is also sovereign of Vatican City, a small city-state entirely enclaved within the city of Rome, which is an entity distinct from the Holy See. It is as head of the Holy See, not as head of Vatican City State, that

12464-604: The K–12 Program in the succeeding years, Kindergarten was formally made compulsory by the Kindergarten Education Act of 2012, while the further twelve years were institutionalized by the Enhanced Basic Education Act of 2013. The 1945 K–10 system was entirely phased out on June 5, 2017 upon K–12 became effective in Grade 6, ending the 9-year implementation process of the K–12 curriculum that spanned from

12628-731: The NCAA-Main member schools. Don Bosco Technical College played host to the 2007-2008 ninth NCAA Philippines-South season. National academic, non-athletic affiliations and accreditations include the Philippine Accrediting Association of Schools, Colleges and Universities (PAASCU), Commission on Higher Education (Philippines) (CHED), the Don Bosco-FIN Office for the Development of the Educational Apostolate, and

12792-433: The Philippines dates back to 1590. It was a Chinese language version of Doctrina Christiana . Spanish and Tagalog versions, in both Latin script and the locally used baybayin script, were later printed in 1593. In 1610, Tomás Pinpin , a Filipino printer, writer and publisher, sometimes called the "Patriarch of Filipino Printing", wrote his famous " Librong Pagaaralan nang manga Tagalog nang Uicang Castilla ", which

12956-465: The Philippines" Basic education, which includes kindergarten, elementary school (grades 1–6), junior high school (grades 7–10), and senior high school (grades 11–12), is required in the Philippines. Three government organizations oversee the educational system according to educational level: the Technical Education and Skills Development Authority (TESDA) oversees technical and vocational education,

13120-588: The Philippines, represented the mainstream Christian narrative. Under the Commonwealth of the Philippines , the national curriculum served as a tool to inoculate a single national identity across the diverse ethnolinguistic groups of the archipelago. During the Japanese occupation, education indoctrinated the public to inculcate Japanese ideologies, causing low enrollment rates. The Japanese Military Administration's Order No. February 2, 17, 1942, had six basic points:

13284-449: The Pope's insistence on public neutrality and diplomatic language has become a source of much criticism and debate. Nevertheless, in every country under German occupation, priests played a major part in rescuing Jews. Israeli historian Pinchas Lapide estimated that Catholic rescue of Jews amounted to somewhere between 700,000 and 860,000 people. The Nazi persecution of the Catholic Church

13448-559: The Reformation, which gave birth to the great majority of Protestant denominations and also crypto-Protestantism within the Catholic Church. Meanwhile, Henry VIII petitioned Pope Clement VII for a declaration of nullity concerning his marriage to Catherine of Aragon . When this was denied, he had the Acts of Supremacy passed to make himself Supreme Head of the Church of England , spurring

13612-520: The San Carlos Seminary, home for the formation of the local clergy. One of them was Rufino Santos , the first Filipino cardinal of the Church. Don Bosco Mandaluyong opened as a school aptly named "Don Bosco Technical Institute–Mandaluyong" on 2 June 1953 with 47 first-year high school students. Since its foundation, Don Bosco Mandaluyong has grown into a complex setting that serves almost 4,000 students and 40,000 parishioners. Its services include

13776-608: The Second World War, also because they had powerful supporters from the Vatican. The judgment of Pius XII is made more difficult by the sources, because the church archives for his tenure as nuncio, cardinal secretary of state and pope are in part closed or not yet processed. The Second Vatican Council (1962–65) introduced the most significant changes to Catholic practices since the Council of Trent, four centuries before. Initiated by Pope John XXIII, this ecumenical council modernized

13940-630: The Secretary of Interiors. The Instituto Burgos (Burgos Institute), the Academia Militar (the country's first military academy ), [ citation needed ] and the Universidad de Literaria de Filipinas (Literary University of the Philippines) were established. Article 23 of the Malolos Constitution mandated that public education would be free and obligatory in all schools of the nation under

14104-465: The Spanish–American War propaganda tried to depict and current popular media, they were not religious schools; instead, they were schools established, supported, and maintained by the Spanish government. After implementing the decree, the number of schools and students increased steadily. In 1866, the total population of the Philippines was 4,411,261. The total number of public schools for boys

14268-768: The United States, called the Thomasites , to the Philippines between 1901 and 1902. These teachers were scattered throughout the islands to establish barangay schools. The same law established the Philippine Normal School (now the Philippine Normal University ) to train aspiring Filipino teachers. Provincial governments supported the high school system. It included particular educational institutions, schools of arts and trades, an agricultural school, and commerce and marine institutes established in 1902 by

14432-579: The War, and established aid networks to help victims, but he secretly assisted the anti-Hitler resistance and shared intelligence with the Allies. His first encyclical Summi Pontificatus (1939) expressed dismay at the 1939 Invasion of Poland and reiterated Catholic teaching against racism. He expressed concern against race killings on Vatican Radio , and intervened diplomatically to attempt to block Nazi deportations of Jews in various countries from 1942 to 1944. But

14596-510: The access to quality education in the Autonomous Region of Muslim Mindanao (ARMM), and the Western and Central Mindanao regions. On June 4, 2010, during the final days of the administration of Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo , the 2010 Secondary Education Curriculum (SEC, or DepEd Order 76, Series of 2010 ) was implemented. The 2010 SEC, which focused on teaching and learning for understanding,

14760-418: The act sought to upgrade educational institutions' standards to achieve "quality education" through voluntary accreditation for schools, colleges, and universities. Section 16 and Section 17 upgraded the obligations and qualifications required for teachers and administrators. Section 41 provided for government financial assistance to private schools. After the ratification of the 1987 Philippine Constitution ,

14924-539: The administrations of Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo to Rodrigo Duterte . In 2017, the Universal Access to Quality Tertiary Education Act was signed by President Duterte, mandating the government through all state universities and colleges (SUCs) to provide free tertiary education for all Filipino citizens. The mandate does not include private schools; however, certain subsidies for students enrolled in private higher education institutions are available. In January 2021,

15088-564: The apostles, instructing them to continue his work. The book Acts of Apostles , tells of the founding of the Christian church and the spread of its message to the Roman Empire. The Catholic Church teaches that its public ministry began on Pentecost , occurring fifty days following the date Christ is believed to have resurrected . At Pentecost, the apostles are believed to have received the Holy Spirit, preparing them for their mission in leading

15252-515: The areas under his control definitively established a form of caesaropapism , in which "he had the right and duty of regulating by his laws the minutest details of worship and discipline, and also of dictating the theological opinions to be held in the Church", re-established imperial power over Rome and other parts of the West, initiating the period termed the Byzantine Papacy (537–752), during which

15416-579: The basic curriculum required by the Department of Education. Its entire program is located in the Doña Cecilia Building and the Savio Quadrangle beside the High School Building. The technical subjects are offered throughout the four years of Grade School, with computer technology taken during the four years and all technical subjects taken during fourth, fifth, and sixth grades. Technical subjects: The Don Bosco Technical College-Junior High School

15580-609: The bishops of Rome, or popes, required approval from the emperor in Constantinople or from his representative in Ravenna for consecration, and most were selected by the emperor from his Greek-speaking subjects, resulting in a "melting pot" of Western and Eastern Christian traditions in art as well as liturgy. Most of the Germanic tribes who in the following centuries invaded the Roman Empire had adopted Christianity in its Arian form, which

15744-496: The church's approach to ecumenism , and a call to improved relations with non-Christian religions, especially Judaism, in its document Nostra aetate . The council, however, generated significant controversy in implementing its reforms: proponents of the " Spirit of Vatican II " such as Swiss theologian Hans Küng said that Vatican II had "not gone far enough" to change church policies. Traditionalist Catholics , such as Archbishop Marcel Lefebvre , however, strongly criticized

15908-460: The church's global reach continued to grow, despite the rise of anti-Catholic authoritarian regimes and the collapse of European Empires, accompanied by a general decline in religious observance in the West. Under Popes Benedict XV , and Pius XII , the Holy See sought to maintain public neutrality through the World Wars, acting as peace broker and delivering aid to the victims of the conflicts. In

16072-577: The church. The Catholic Church teaches that the college of bishops , led by the bishop of Rome are the successors to the Apostles. In the account of the Confession of Peter found in the Gospel of Matthew , Christ designates Peter as the "rock" upon which Christ's church will be built. The Catholic Church considers the bishop of Rome, the pope, to be the successor to Saint Peter . Some scholars state Peter

16236-422: The church. There are three levels of clergy: the episcopate, composed of bishops who hold jurisdiction over a geographic area called a diocese or eparchy ; the presbyterate, composed of priests ordained by bishops and who work in local dioceses or religious orders; and the diaconate, composed of deacons who assist bishops and priests in a variety of ministerial roles. Ultimately leading the entire Catholic Church

16400-603: The church. The Diocese of Rome , known as the Holy See , is the central governing authority of the church. The administrative body of the Holy See, the Roman Curia , has its principal offices in Vatican City , which is a small, independent city-state and enclave within the city of Rome , of which the pope is head of state . The core beliefs of Catholicism are found in the Nicene Creed . The Catholic Church teaches that it

16564-842: The conflict. Catholic clergy played a leading role in the government of the fascist Slovak State , which collaborated with the Nazis, copied their anti-Semitic policies, and helped them carry out the Holocaust in Slovakia. Jozef Tiso , the President of the Slovak State and a Catholic priest, supported his government's deportation of Slovakian Jews to extermination camps. The Vatican protested against these Jewish deportations in Slovakia and in other Nazi puppet regimes including Vichy France , Croatia, Bulgaria , Italy and Hungary. Around 1943, Adolf Hitler planned

16728-511: The council, arguing that its liturgical reforms led "to the destruction of the Holy Sacrifice of the Mass and the sacraments", among other issues. The teaching on the morality of contraception also came under scrutiny; after a series of disagreements, Humanae vitae upheld the church's prohibition of all forms of contraception. In 1978, Pope John Paul II , formerly Archbishop of Kraków in

16892-464: The country to observe and study the vocational industrial schools. The American colonial government recommended a shift to the American system: six years (instead of seven) for elementary, three years of junior high school, and three more years of senior high school, for 12 years of basic education. The transition began with the removal of Grade 7 from elementary, but the addition of two years in high school

17056-503: The curriculum, the process of implementing the K–12 curriculum finally started on May 20, 2008 during the administration of Gloria Macapagal Arroyo when Senator Mar Roxas filed the Omnibus Education Reform Act of 2008 (Senate Bill 2294) and within the process is the curriculum's effectivity on April 24, 2012 during the administration of Arroyo's successor Benigno Aquino III . The K–12 implementation process and phaseout of

17220-489: The development of the role of the papacy in the subsequent church". These roles, Brown says, "contributed enormously to seeing the bishop of Rome, the bishop of the city where Peter died and where Paul witnessed the truth of Christ, as the successor of Peter in care for the church universal". Conditions in the Roman Empire facilitated the spread of new ideas. The empire's network of roads and waterways facilitated travel, and

17384-539: The driving force behind the Counter-Reformation in response to the Protestant movement. Doctrinally, it reaffirmed central Catholic teachings such as transubstantiation and the requirement for love and hope as well as faith to attain salvation. In subsequent centuries, Catholicism spread widely across the world, in part through missionaries and imperialism , although its hold on European populations declined due to

17548-500: The effectivity of the new curriculum on April 24, 2012 during the administration of Arroyo's successor Benigno Aquino III as part of the process because prior to the new K–12 on the said date of April 2012 while the process was ongoing, the Philippines was the only country in Asia and one of the three countries worldwide with a 10-year pre-university cycle (Angola, Djibouti and Myanmar); the national government and later DepEd from 2012 also said

17712-699: The eighth-century Gregory III . Francis has made efforts to further close Catholicism's estrangement with the Eastern churches. His installation was attended by Patriarch Bartholomew I of Constantinople of the Eastern Orthodox Church, the first time since the Great Schism of 1054 that the Eastern Orthodox Ecumenical Patriarch of Constantinople has attended a papal installation, while he also met Patriarch Kirill of Moscow , head of

17876-438: The emergence of electrification, and the growing need for skilled workers. High schools were created to meet this new job demand, and the curriculum focused on practical job skills that would better prepare students for professional white-collar or skilled blue-collar work. This proved beneficial for both the employer and the employee; the investment in human capital caused employees to become more efficient, which lowered costs for

18040-715: The empire's capital. As a result of Islamic domination of the Mediterranean , the Frankish state, centred away from that sea, was able to evolve as the dominant power that shaped the Western Europe of the Middle Ages. The battles of Toulouse and Poitiers halted the Islamic advance in the West and the failed siege of Constantinople halted it in the East. Two or three decades later, in 751,

18204-409: The employer, and skilled employees received a higher wage than those employees with just primary educational attainment. However, a steady increase in school enrollment has hindered revisions to the then-implemented experimental educational system. Act No. 1801, also known as Gabaldon Law, was passed in 1907, which provided a fund of a million pesos for the construction of concrete school buildings and

18368-461: The end of School Years 2014–2015 and 2016–2017, respectively. The current basic education system in the Philippines, with implementation process spanned for 9 years from May 20, 2008 to June 5, 2017 during the administrations of Gloria Macapagal Arroyo to Rodrigo Duterte and became effective on April 24, 2012 as part of the process, comprises kindergarten and 12 years of primary and secondary education, all of which are compulsory. Students also have

18532-455: The final breach. In this age great gothic cathedrals in France were an expression of popular pride in the Christian faith. In the early 13th century mendicant orders were founded by Francis of Assisi and Dominic de Guzmán . The studia conventualia and studia generalia of the mendicant orders played a large role in the transformation of church-sponsored cathedral schools and palace schools, such as that of Charlemagne at Aachen , into

18696-612: The founding of the Katipunan . Non-Spaniards founded some schools during this period that were not colonial creations. Damián Domingo established in 1823 a fine arts school known as the Academia de Dibujo y Pintura , now the Fine Arts College of the University of the Philippines. In 1868, Doña Margarita Roxas de Ayala established the girls' school La Concordia . Asunción Ventura,

18860-654: The fundamental aims of education in the Philippines were defined, and most importantly, elementary schooling was made compulsory for all children. Meanwhile, the Free Public Secondary Education Act of 1988 or Republic Act 6655 mandated free public secondary education commencing in the school year 1988–1989. In 1987, the Ministry of Education, Culture and Sports again became the Department of Education, Culture, and Sports under Executive Order No. 117 and remained practically unchanged until 1994. According to

19024-515: The growth of religious scepticism during and after the Enlightenment. From the 17th century onward, the Enlightenment questioned the power and influence of the Catholic Church over Western society. In the 18th century, writers such as Voltaire and the Encyclopédistes wrote biting critiques of both religion and the Catholic Church. One target of their criticism was the 1685 revocation of

19188-570: The heart of the campus is a testimony to events that led to the 1896 uprising of the country's patriots, the Katipuneros, against the Spanish colonizers. The building later became the Asilo de Mandaloya, an orphanage where Mother Consuelo Barcelo y Pages stayed for 16 years (1883–1899). She co-founded the Augustinian Sisters of Our Lady of Consolation. Early in the 20th century, the building became

19352-508: The implementation of the new system: Phase I: Laying the Foundations , which aimed to implement the universal kindergarten and the development of the program; Phase II: Modeling and Migration , which aimed to promote the enactment of the fundamental education law and to start the phased implementation of the new curriculum for grades 1 to 10, and for the modelling of the senior high school; Phase III: Complete Migration , which aimed to implement

19516-517: The independence of papal office by abolishing the veto of Catholic powers in papal elections, and his successors Benedict XV (1914–1922) and Pius XI (1922–1939) concluded the modern independence of the Vatican State within Italy. Benedict XV was elected at the outbreak of the First World War . He attempted to mediate between the powers and established a Vatican relief office, to assist victims of

19680-517: The informal education in the Philippines learned from daily experience, the educative influences and resources in their environment, or alternative learning systems provided by the Department of Education (DepEd), Technical Education and Skills Development Authority (TESDA) and other programs from educational institutions. Basic education is grouped into four key stages: 1st key stage (kindergarten–grade 3), 2nd key stage (grades 4–6), 3rd key stage (grades 7–10) and 4th key stage (grades 11–12). During

19844-541: The kidnapping of the Pope and his internment in Germany. He gave SS General Wolff a corresponding order to prepare for the action. While Pope Pius XII has been credited with helping to save hundreds of thousands of Jews during the Holocaust , the church has also been accused of having encouraged centuries of antisemitism by its teachings and not doing enough to stop Nazi atrocities. Many Nazi criminals escaped overseas after

20008-577: The largest Eastern Orthodox church, in 2016; this was reported as the first such high-level meeting between the two churches since the Great Schism of 1054. In 2017 during a visit in Egypt , Pope Francis reestablished mutual recognition of baptism with the Coptic Orthodox Church . The Catholic Church follows an episcopal polity , led by bishops who have received the sacrament of Holy Orders who are given formal jurisdictions of governance within

20172-537: The late 16th century. Further, some will refer to the Latin Church as Roman Catholic in distinction from the Eastern Catholic churches. "Roman Catholic" has occasionally appeared also in documents produced both by the Holy See, and notably used by certain national episcopal conferences and local dioceses. The name Catholic Church for the whole church is used in the Catechism of the Catholic Church (1990) and

20336-437: The local languages and writing systems, they began teaching Christianity , the Spanish language, and Spanish culture. These religious orders opened the first schools and universities as early as the 16th century. Spanish missionaries established schools immediately after reaching the islands. The Augustinians opened a parochial school in Cebu in 1565. The Franciscans took to the task of improving literacy in 1577, aside from

20500-577: The mid-6th century by Emperor Justinian I as the pentarchy of Rome, Constantinople , Antioch , Jerusalem and Alexandria . In 451 the Council of Chalcedon , in a canon of disputed validity, elevated the see of Constantinople to a position "second in eminence and power to the bishop of Rome". From c.  350  – c.  500 , the bishops, or popes, of Rome, steadily increased in authority through their consistent intervening in support of orthodox leaders in theological disputes, which encouraged appeals to them. Emperor Justinian , who in

20664-435: The new colonies. In 1521 the Portuguese explorer Ferdinand Magellan made the first Catholic converts in the Philippines . Elsewhere, Portuguese missionaries under the Spanish Jesuit Francis Xavier evangelized in India, China, and Japan. The French colonization of the Americas beginning in the 16th century established a Catholic francophone population and forbade non-Catholics to settle in Quebec . In 1415, Jan Hus

20828-420: The number of years in basic education, from 10 years to 12 years as consistent with global standards. Senator and presidential candidate Benigno Aquino III then adopted the position of SB 2294 seven days after the start of the 2010s on January 7, 2010; he said this will "give everyone an equal chance to succeed" and "have quality education and profitable jobs." On June 6, 2011, Kindergarten became compulsory as

20992-458: The numerous visual artists sponsored by the church. Historian Paul Legutko of Stanford University said the Catholic Church is "at the center of the development of the values, ideas, science, laws, and institutions which constitute what we call Western civilization ". In Western Christendom , the first universities in Europe were established by monks. Beginning in the 11th century, several older cathedral schools became universities, such as

21156-420: The old high school finally and to signal the end of migration to the new educational system; and Phase IV: Completion of the Reform , where the implementation of the K–12 education system is completed. The Philippine government since the Arroyo administration on May 20, 2008, through the Omnibus Education Reform Act of 2008 filed by Mar Roxas , justified the 9-year implementation process of K–12 which included

21320-406: The oldest multinational organization in the world. The hierarchy of the Catholic Church is headed by the pope, currently Pope Francis , who was elected on 13 March 2013 by a papal conclave . The office of the pope is known as the papacy . The Catholic Church holds that Christ instituted the papacy upon giving the keys of Heaven to Saint Peter . His ecclesiastical jurisdiction is called

21484-409: The option to enroll in higher education programs to earn a baccalaureate degree. The new system divided secondary education into two: junior high school (from the first four years of the 1945–2017 K–10 system), and senior high school , which encompasses the 11th and 12th year of the new educational system. Senior high school serves as specialized upper secondary education, where students may choose

21648-448: The pope receives ambassadors of states and sends them his own diplomatic representatives. The Holy See also confers orders, decorations and medals , such as the orders of chivalry originating from the Middle Ages . While the famous Saint Peter's Basilica is located in Vatican City, above the traditional site of Saint Peter's tomb , the papal cathedral for the Diocese of Rome is the Archbasilica of Saint John Lateran , located within

21812-427: The population gained more than primary school education. Among those who benefited from the accessible public education system were a burgeoning group of Filipino intellectuals: the Ilustrados ('enlightened ones'), some of whom included José Rizal , Graciano López Jaena , Marcelo H. del Pilar , Mariano Ponce , and Antonio Luna —all of whom played vital roles in the Propaganda Movement that ultimately inspired

21976-405: The possibility of newer adaptations of books. The Moro Province originally had its own Department of Public Instruction, separate from the national system. Education rapidly expanded, with the number of teachers rising from 74 in 1904 to 239 by 1914. The number of schools rose from 52 in 1904 to 366 in 1920, with a corresponding increase in enrollment from 2114 to over 33,000. Such registration

22140-412: The practices of the Catholic Church, allowing the Mass to be said in the vernacular (local language) and encouraging "fully conscious, and active participation in liturgical celebrations". It intended to engage the church more closely with the present world ( aggiornamento ), which was described by its advocates as an "opening of the windows". In addition to changes in the liturgy, it led to changes to

22304-462: The pre-colonial period, most children were not provided solely vocational training, supervised by parents, tribal tutors or those assigned to specific, specialized roles within their communities (for example, the babaylan ). In most communities, stories, songs, poetry, dances, medicinal practices and advice regarding all sorts of community life issues were passed from generation to generation, primarily through oral tradition. Some communities utilized

22468-683: The preservation and transmission of ancient culture. During this period, monastic Ireland became a centre of learning and early Irish missionaries such as Columbanus and Columba spread Christianity and established monasteries across continental Europe. The Catholic Church was the dominant influence on Western civilization from Late Antiquity to the dawn of the modern age. It was the primary sponsor of Romanesque, Gothic, Renaissance, Mannerist and Baroque styles in art, architecture and music. Renaissance figures such as Raphael , Michelangelo , Leonardo da Vinci , Botticelli , Fra Angelico , Tintoretto , Titian , Bernini and Caravaggio are examples of

22632-405: The prominent universities of Europe. Scholastic theologians and philosophers such as the Dominican priest Thomas Aquinas studied and taught at these studia. Aquinas' Summa Theologica was an intellectual milestone in its synthesis of the legacy of ancient Greek philosophers such as Plato and Aristotle with the content of Christian revelation. A growing sense of church-state conflicts marked

22796-844: The propagation of Filipino culture ; the dissemination of the principle of the Greater East Asia Co-Prosperity Sphere ; the spiritual rejuvenation of the Filipinos; the teaching and propagation of Nippongo ; the diffusion of vocational and elementary education; and "the promotion of the love of labour". After having been closed following the outbreak of the Pacific War , elementary schools, followed by vocational and regular schools, reopened. Colleges offering agriculture, medicine, fisheries, and engineering courses also resumed teaching. However, law courses were not instructed. Textbook passages concerning American ideologies of democracy were censored. Educational reforms required teachers to obtain licenses following rigorous examinations. All heads of educational institutions were also required to get support. Also,

22960-503: The role of field offices (regional offices, division offices, district offices and schools). The act also provided the overall framework for school empowerment by strengthening the leadership roles of principals and fostering transparency and local accountability for school administrations. In January 2009, the DepEd signed a memorandum of agreement with the United States Agency for International Development (USAID) to seal US$ 86 million in assistance to Philippine education, particularly

23124-481: The schism was reconciled, unresolved issues would lead to further division. In the 11th century, the efforts of Hildebrand of Sovana led to the creation of the College of Cardinals to elect new popes, starting with Pope Alexander II in the papal election of 1061 . When Alexander II died, Hildebrand was elected to succeed him, as Pope Gregory VII . The basic election system of the College of Cardinals which Gregory VII helped establish has continued to function into

23288-593: The seal is a cross , symbolizing the primacy of Catholic education and formation of the institution. The cross rests on a salakot - a traditional Filipino hat - to signify the distinct Filipino character. Between the horizontal section of the cross and the salakot is the founding year of the school, 1953, appearing atop three lines. The lines represent the three elements of Don Bosco's Preventive System of Education , namely: Reason (principle-driven life), Religion (spirituality) and Loving Kindness (connectedness and mutuality). The lines which resemble waves, daluyong in

23452-405: The start of the next school year (SY 2012–2013). On April 24, 2012, the K–12 became effective where the new curriculum was implemented on Grades 1 and 7 (with the latter changing from First Year to Grade 7 ); the K–10 system was entirely phased out on June 5, 2017, when K–12 was effective on Grade 6 which ended the 9-year implementation process of the new curriculum. There were four phases during

23616-408: The teaching of Tagalog , Philippine History, and character education was reserved for Filipinos. The Japanese created the following educational institutions: the Training Institute for former USAFFE soldiers; the Normal Institute; the Preparatory Institute of Government Scholars to Japan; the Government Employees Training Institute; the New Philippines Cultural Institute; Constabulary Academy No. 1 at

23780-461: The teaching of new industrial and agricultural techniques. The Jesuits followed in 1581, and the Dominicans , in 1587, set up a school in Bataan . The church and the school cooperated to ensure that Christian villages had schools for students to attend. Schools for boys and girls were then opened. Colegios were opened for boys, ostensibly the equivalent to present-day senior high schools. The Universidad de San Ignacio , founded in Manila by

23944-521: The term "bishop of Rome" to the most prominent members of the clergy in the earlier period and also to Peter himself. On this basis protestant scholars Oscar Cullmann , Henry Chadwick , and Bart D. Ehrman question whether there was a formal link between Peter and the modern papacy. Raymond E. Brown also says that it is anachronistic to speak of Peter in terms of local bishop of Rome, but that Christians of that period would have looked on Peter as having "roles that would contribute in an essential way to

24108-450: The three, only Lourdes School of Mandaluyong remained an all-boys school by AY2020-2021. DBTC is deemed the "motherhouse of all Salesian works in the Philippines," making it the premier Salesian institution for higher learning in the country. Its campus is located at 736 General Kalentong Street in Mandaluyong , Metro Manila , Philippines . Don Bosco Technical College stands on historic grounds. The 18th-century Spanish building (1716) at

24272-427: The urgent request of Pope Stephen, the Frankish king Pepin the Short conquered the Lombards. He then gifted the lands of the former exarchate to the pope, thus initiating the Papal States . Rome and the Byzantine East would delve into further conflict during the Photian schism of the 860s, when Photius criticized the Latin west of adding of the filioque clause after being excommunicated by Nicholas I . Though

24436-423: The war and reunite families. The interwar Pope Pius XI modernized the papacy, appointing 40 indigenous bishops and concluding fifteen concordats, including the Lateran Treaty with Italy which founded the Vatican City State . His successor Pope Pius XII led the Catholic Church through the Second World War and early Cold War . Like his predecessors, Pius XII sought to publicly maintain Vatican neutrality in

24600-428: The world, and is the largest non-government provider of education and health care in the world. Among its other social services are numerous charitable and humanitarian organizations. The Catholic Church has profoundly influenced Western philosophy , culture , art , literature , music , law , and science . Catholics live all over the world through missions , immigration , diaspora , and conversions . Since

24764-420: Was 841, and the number of public schools for girls was 833. The total number of children attending those schools was 135,098 for boys and 95,260 for girls. In 1892, the number of schools had increased to 2,137, of which 1,087 were for boys and 1,050 for girls. By 1898, enrollment in schools at all levels exceeded 200,000 students. There was some opposition to universal education from Spanish priests; only 1.6% of

24928-427: Was a major factor in preserving classical civilization , with its art (see Illuminated manuscript ) and literacy. Through his Rule , Benedict of Nursia ( c.  480 –543), one of the founders of Western monasticism , exerted an enormous influence on European culture through the appropriation of the monastic spiritual heritage of the early Catholic Church and, with the spread of the Benedictine tradition, through

25092-413: Was at its most intense in Poland , and Catholic resistance to Nazism took various forms. Some 2,579 Catholic clergy were sent to the Priest Barracks of Dachau Concentration Camp , including 400 Germans. Thousands of priests, nuns and brothers were imprisoned, taken to a concentration camp, tortured and murdered, including Saints Maximilian Kolbe and Edith Stein . Catholics fought on both sides in

25256-529: Was burned at the stake for heresy, but his reform efforts encouraged Martin Luther , an Augustinian friar in modern-day Germany, who sent his Ninety-five Theses to several bishops in 1517. His theses protested key points of Catholic doctrine as well as the sale of indulgences , and along with the Leipzig Debate this led to his excommunication in 1521. In Switzerland , Huldrych Zwingli , John Calvin and other Protestant Reformers further criticized Catholic teachings. These challenges developed into

25420-433: Was first used in 1988–89. The original seal consisted only of the blue-green half-gear and laurel leaves. The Don Bosco Technical College-BED (Basic Education Department) consists of three programs, namely the Grade School, the Junior High School and the Senior High School. Don Bosco Mandaluyong has a dual academic-technical curriculum since its foundation in 1953. Students take both standard academic courses prescribed by

25584-406: Was first used to describe the church in the early 2nd century. The first known use of the phrase "the catholic church" ( Greek : καθολικὴ ἐκκλησία , romanized :  katholikḕ ekklēsía ) occurred in the letter written about 110 AD from Saint Ignatius of Antioch to the Smyrnaeans , which read: "Wheresoever the bishop shall appear, there let the people be, even as where Jesus may be, there

25748-410: Was largely resolved in 1415–17 at the Council of Constance , with the claimants in Rome and Pisa agreeing to resign and the third claimant excommunicated by the cardinals, who held a new election naming Martin V pope. In 1438, the Council of Florence convened, which featured a strong dialogue focussed on understanding the theological differences between the East and West, with the hope of reuniting

25912-501: Was meant to help Filipinos learn the Spanish language. The prologue read: Let us therefore study, my countrymen, for although the art of learning is somewhat difficult, yet if we are persevering, we shall soon improve our knowledge. Other Tagalogs like us did not take a year to learn the Spanish language when using my book. This good result has given me satisfaction and encouraged me to print my work, so that all may derive some profit from it. The Spanish Educational Decree of 1863 provided

26076-557: Was never completed. Following independence, Islamic schools began to spread in Mindanao, creating a parallel educational structure to higher education . Under the Marcos administration , the Department of Education became the Department of Education and Culture and, consequently Ministry of Education and Culture through Proclamation No. 1081 and Presidential Decree No. 1397 , respectively. The Education Act of 1982 provided for an integrated system of education covering both formal and non-formal education at all levels. Section 29 of

26240-467: Was not part of the curriculum of the schools as it had been during the Spanish period. The K–10 system was used for 72 years from May 28, 1945 until K–12 curriculum became effective in Grade 6 on June 5, 2017. The K–10 consisted of one-year non-compulsory preschool education, six-year compulsory elementary education, and four-year compulsory high school education. Although public preschool, elementary, and high school education are free, only primary education

26404-442: Was primarily in English, and aimed to introduce American values to the local population. The Department of Public Instruction moved under the control of the National Bureau of Education in 1915. It was fully integrated into the national system by 1922, part of transferring government to local Filipinos as part of a pathway towards independence. Educational materials, when they began incorporating stories and cultural aspects from

26568-402: Was primarily made up of first- and second-year students, after which attendance decreased. This increase also disproportionately benefited Christian inhabitants of the province, and most staff were Christians from elsewhere in the Philippine Islands. Perhaps less than 10% of Muslim children attended public schools in 1920, with attendance, remaining low throughout the American period. Education

26732-404: Was scheduled to be progressively mainstreamed from 2010 to 2014; however, it was only effective until June 1, 2015, and was phased out when the K–12 program of Arroyo's successor, Benigno Aquino III , became effective on Grade 10 (which changed from Fourth Year to Grade 10 ). After decades of surveys, consultations, and studies starting with the Monroe Survey in 1925 during the American period,

26896-416: Was the first bishop of Rome. Others say that the institution of the papacy is not dependent on the idea that Peter was bishop of Rome or even on his ever having been in Rome. Many scholars hold that a church structure of plural presbyters/bishops persisted in Rome until the mid-2nd century, when the structure of a single bishop and plural presbyters was adopted, and that later writers retrospectively applied

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