47-745: Dnipriany River Port is a private river port transport complex. It is located below the Kakhovka Hydroelectric Power Plant , in Dnipriany , Kherson Oblast , Ukraine . It provides year-round port operation. It is located on the left bank of the Dnieper , 60 km northeast of Kherson with access to the Black Sea and further into the Mediterranean Sea , which allows trade with different countries of different continents, all year round. The city has
94-622: A lock for shipping. The whole dam, including lengthy embankments on each side of the central section, was 3.2 km (2.0 mi) long on the side facing the reservoir. The power station had an installed capacity of 357 MW. The Kakhovka Reservoir held 18 cubic kilometres of water, equivalent to the Great Salt Lake in the United States. The reservoir supplies water for cooling the 5.7 GW Zaporizhzhia Nuclear Power Plant , and for irrigating areas of southern Ukraine and northern Crimea via
141-497: A " rout ". When Ukrainian troops arrived, crowds of civilians gathered to welcome them, and celebrated the liberation. On Freedom Square ( Ukrainian : Площа Свободи , romanized : Plóshcha Svobódy ), civilians were seen chanting "Glory to the ZSU [Ukraine’s armed forces]", hugging soldiers, singing songs and waving Ukrainian flags. One female soldier of the ZSU was lifted up by two men on their shoulders, and then tossed into
188-501: A bonfire singing " Chervona Kalyna ", a Ukrainian patriotic song that had been banned by Russian occupation authorities for nine months. Following liberation, Ukrainian president Volodomyr Zelenskyy called it a "historic day". By withdrawing, Russian forces ceded control of about 40% of Kherson Oblast to Ukraine. The loss of Kherson has been widely regarded as a significant blow to Vladimir Putin , who on 30 September said that Kherson would be "part of Russia forever". On 12 November,
235-414: A collapse in morale and logistics. Many reports from journalists, Ukrainian civilians and authorities as well as individual Russian soldiers indicated that the withdrawal had been rather chaotic, with many Russian servicemen and materiel left behind on the right bank. Deutsche Welle reported that major equipment pieces such as anti-aircraft defence systems appeared to have been successfully transferred to
282-824: A good transport interchange in the form of the Odesa railway, as well as highways. Thus, the port city is connected with all regions of Ukraine, near, and far abroad. Kakhovka Hydroelectric Power Plant The Kakhovka Dam was a dam on the Dnieper River (also known as Dnipro) in Kherson Oblast , Ukraine , completed in 1956 and destroyed in 2023 , which provided water for the Kakhovka Hydroelectric Station ( Ukrainian : Кахо́вська ГЕС імені П. С. Непорожнього , romanized : Kakhovs'ka HES imeni P. S. Neporozhn'oho ). The primary purposes of
329-420: A kind of break, and are not extensively shooting at each other." Aleksandr Dugin , the ideologue of Russian nationalism and Eurasianism , openly criticized Vladimir Putin for failing to defend "Russian cities" such as Kherson. In December 2023, a declassified American intelligence assessment found with "high confidence" that Russian military officials proposed delaying the withdrawal from Kherson until after
376-603: A reporter from the pro-Russian newspaper Komsomolskaya Pravda at the scene, "[t]hey were likely blown up during the withdrawal of the Russian group of forces from the right bank to the left". Upstream, the Kakhovka Dam was also damaged; as of 11 November, Ukrainian forces were still not in control of the dam, although they had retaken the village of Tyahynka , located 20 kilometres to the west. Much of Kherson city's electricity, internet and water supply networks had broken down by
423-492: A result of neglect, the damaged dam was not adjusted to match the seasonal increase in water flow. As a result, water washed over the top of the dam and land upstream of the dam was flooded. Water levels in the reservoir reached a 30-year high. The raised water level caused some nearby villages to flood. On 6 June 2023, an explosion caused significant damage to the central section of the 3.2 kilometres (2.0 mi) wide dam, resulting in uncontrolled water flow downstream. There
470-580: A video emerged appearing to show the Ukrainian flag flying in Snihurivka . Ukrainian forces had also regained control of the village of Kyselivka , fifteen kilometers northwest of Kherson. On the same day, the commander-in-chief of the Armed Forces of Ukraine Valerii Zaluzhnyi stated that Ukrainian forces had taken back 41 settlements near Kherson since 1 October. Ukrainian officials estimated that half of
517-517: Is Yaroslav Kobelya from September 2012. As of 2019, the dam was profitable bringing ₴6.1 million ($ 236,000) to local government budgets and ₴44.6 million ($ 1.73 million) to the national income. On the morning of 6 June 2023, much of the dam was destroyed while it was under Russian control during the Russian invasion of Ukraine . Construction of the dam began in September 1950. The last generator
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#1732868807013564-500: The 2022 United States elections "to avoid giving a named US political party a perceived win before the election." Satellite images from Maxar Technologies showed that major damage to infrastructure had been done during the withdrawal from Kherson, including the destruction of at least seven bridges, four of them across the river Dnipro, within 24 hours. Central part of the Antonivka Road Bridge were destroyed; according to
611-641: The Armed Forces of Ukraine liberated and recaptured the city of Kherson and other areas of the Kherson Oblast and parts of the Mykolaiv Oblast on the right bank of the Dnipro River from Russian control. The Russian Armed Forces , which had occupied the city since 2 March 2022, withdrew and retreated to the left bank of the Kherson Oblast over the course of 9–11 November 2022. The Ukrainian soldiers were greeted with cheers and large celebrations in
658-551: The Local History Museum and the Art Museum . Their items were transported to Crimean museums. In addition, Russian army took away monuments to Alexander Suvorov , Fyodor Ushakov , Vasily Margelov , Grigory Potemkin and remains of the latter. Before the war, Kherson had some 300,000 inhabitants, but by the end of the Russian occupation, only about 80,000 were left. Many civilians had fled, while some were killed during
705-767: The North Crimean Canal , the Kakhovsky canal and the Dnieper–Kryvyi Rih Canal. On 24 February 2022, the first day of the Russian invasion of Ukraine , the power plant was captured by Russian forces. During weeks of artillery attacks by Ukraine in August and September, Ukrainian and Russian officials reported that the facility's ability to transport vehicles had been degraded, but the dam itself retained structural integrity. In mid-October 2022, news reports suggested that Russians may have been planning to blow up
752-462: The North Crimean Canal , which, prior to Russia's annexation of Crimea, provided 85% of Crimea 's drinking and agriculture water. Ukraine shut down the canal in 2014 soon after Russia annexed Crimea. Russia restored the flow of water in March 2022. Regaining control of Kherson means Ukraine could once again cut off water to Crimea. Before retreating from the city, Russian forces looted its main museums:
799-506: The United Kingdom are leaning towards an assessment of Russian culpability. The New York Times has written that "the most likely cause of the collapse was an explosive charge placed in the maintenance passageway, or gallery, that runs through the concrete heart of the structure" and that "the evidence clearly suggests the dam was crippled by an explosion set off by the side that controls it: Russia." EU and Ukrainian leaders condemned
846-428: The annexation of the oblast along with three others, in a widely condemned move. On 9 November, Russian general Sergey Surovikin announced the withdrawal of troops from Kherson and the right bank of the Dnieper . He claimed that the reasoning for this decision was that Kherson and nearby settlements were not able to be properly supplied and that civilians were in danger from Ukrainian shelling. On 10 November,
893-520: The Russian Defence Ministry's statement that '[n]ot a single piece of military equipment or weaponry was left behind on the right [west] bank'. The Armed Forces of Ukraine entered the city on 11 November. Later that day, Ukrainian forces liberated Kherson and the rest of the right bank of Kherson Oblast. There were some fears that Russian forces might have laid a trap, therefore the ZSU advanced with some caution. As in other liberated areas,
940-553: The Russian occupation. In late October 2022, the Russian military 'evacuated' at least 70,000 civilians from Kherson to the eastern bank of the river Dnipro; Ukrainian authorities alleged that these relocations were forced, and called them 'deportations'. After Ukraine retook the city, some 25 people had died due to exploding mines and munitions by 19 November. The Russian language was still commonly used for communication within Kherson city for historical demographical reasons, but due to
987-509: The Russian soldiers had been withdrawn across the Dnipro by the evening of 10 November. In the early morning of 11 November, Russian infantrymen were seen walking across a pontoon bridge to the eastern shore. Ukrainian armour and columns closed in on Kherson proper as they moved past several towns, villages and suburbs, where they were greeted by cheering and flag-waving civilians. "Ukrainian soldiers here are saying they have rather utterly defeated
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#17328688070131034-733: The Russian troops. The story goes that the Russians rushed to surrender. According to the Kremlin, the withdrawal was very well-organised, but the Ukrainians soldiers here paint quite a different picture." – Nederlandse Omroep Stichting (15 November) As Russian troops retreated across the river Dnipro, Ukrainian troops went further into Kherson Oblast and surrounding areas. The Russian Ministry of Defence claimed on 11 November 5 a.m. Moscow time (2 a.m. UTC) that all soldiers (approximately 30,000) and all military equipment had been successfully moved across
1081-449: The Russian withdrawal in public, and welcoming the Ukrainian forces as liberators, while others were worried about the time ahead. A Kherson resident said: "I want to celebrate, but something tells me it is not over yet. The Russians can't be giving up so easily, not after everything that has happened. I am scared for the winter and worry the city will become a battle ground. We will be in the firing line." Military analysts stated that there
1128-468: The air to express their gratitude. Cars took to the streets honking their horns, while residents tore down pro-Russian propaganda posters. Similarly in Bilozerka , a town on the western edge of Kherson city, residents tore down propaganda billboards with a young girl holding a Russian flag, which read: "Russia is here forever (Россия здесь навсегда)". Kherson residents were seen dancing in the darkness around
1175-400: The arriving Ukrainians found mines and booby traps , which posed a danger to both soldiers and civilians. On 11 November, the Ukrainian military was working to clear them, but several people were wounded by such devices, and at least one was killed. As the ZSU moved into the city, no ambushes of any sort appeared to have been prepared, with some observers describing the disorderly retreat as
1222-786: The canals fed from the Kakhovka Dam. Four canals have been identified as drying up. This could affect the drinking water of some 700,000 people. It could affect the growing of crops such as corn, soy beans, sunflower, and wheat as well as vegetables and fruits such as melons. Liberation of Kherson Eastern Ukraine campaign Southern Ukraine campaign Other regions Naval operations Spillover & related incidents Eastern Ukraine campaign Southern Ukraine campaign Other regions Spillover & related incidents Eastern Ukraine campaign Southern Ukraine campaign Other regions Naval operations Spillover & related incidents On 11 November 2022,
1269-440: The city square. The events were the culmination of the 2022 Kherson counteroffensive , and were seen as a large blow to Russian president Vladimir Putin , who had declared Kherson to be "part of Russia forever". After the 24 February invasion of Ukraine , Russian forces surrounded the city of Kherson in late February, and occupied it on 2 March 2022, after heavy fighting the previous week. In September 2022, Russia announced
1316-447: The city to "normal life", with police urging internally displaced people "not to rush to return home until stabilisation measures are completed", such as demining operations. The Ukrainian Deminers Association NGO told The Guardian : "We can't make forecasts yet, as the clearing procedure has only started, but potentially the region of Kherson could be most mined region in the country and unfortunately Ukraine could soon rank first in
1363-591: The city was more secure, with deputy prime minister Iryna Vereshchuk saying: 'Currently, we are not talking about forced evacuation. But even in the case of voluntary evacuation, the state bears responsibility for transportation. People must be taken to the place where they will spend the winter." Governor of Mykolaiv Oblast Vitalii Kim warned that there were still "a lot of mines in the liberated territories and settlements", and: "Don't go there for no reason. There are casualties." Yaroslav Yanushevich, Kherson Oblast military chair, stated that efforts were made to return
1410-519: The dam since the start of the invasion, but the two sides disagree on the cause of the destruction. Russian-imposed officials in occupied Ukraine claim sabotage by Ukrainian forces. Ukrainian officials attribute the disaster to the 205th Motorized Rifle Brigade of Russia. No other national government has assigned blame for the dam's destruction, but it was reported by the BBC that both the United States and
1457-523: The dam to slow down the expected Ukrainian counter-offensive in the region. On 11 November, a large explosion occurred in the northern section of the dam, shown on CCTV footage. The road and rail sections on top of the dam were destroyed, but the dam itself remained mostly undamaged. The explosion was attributed to Russian forces retreating from Kherson . The southern bank of Dnipro and dam machinery remained under Russian control. Russian forces opened additional sluice gates, allowing water to rush out of
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1504-543: The dam were hydroelectric power generation, irrigation , and navigation . It was the sixth and last dam in the Dnieper reservoir cascade . The deep water channel created by the downstream flow allowed shipping up and down river. The facility also included a winter garden. The R47 road and a railway crossed the Dnieper River on the dam. The Kakhovka Hydroelectric Power Plant had a staff of 241 in October 2015. The director
1551-513: The dam's destruction and called it a potential war crime but reserved judgement on the attack. While Russia denies culpability, experts state that a deliberate explosion from inside the Russian-controlled dam is the most probable cause of its destruction. On 7 June, Ihor Syrota, head of Ukrhydroenergo , said that it would take "at least five years, [and] $ 1 billion" to rebuild the Kakhovka Dam. The BBC used satellite imagery to look at
1598-468: The electricity and water repairs could not be completed in the short term, and inhabitants would be better off trying to find winter accommodation elsewhere in the country: "As a Kherson city native, I categorically advise people to leave the city for safer places for the duration of the winter period." By 21 November 2022, Ukrainian authorities had initiated efforts to facilitate voluntary evacuations of Kherson residents who desired to winter elsewhere until
1645-571: The fact that many civilians were mistreated and felt humiliated by Russian soldiers, some residents expressed shame at speaking Russian after everything that had happened. In the short film Occupied: Family secretly film life in Russian-occupied Ukraine for BBC News , local Kherson journalist Dmytro Bahnenko stated: "After everything that happened in Bucha and what we witnessed, I don't want to speak Russian anymore." Yaroslav Yanushevych ,
1692-464: The last order his unit received was 'to change into civilian clothing and fuck off any way you want'. Some Russian soldiers reportedly drowned while trying to swim across the Dnipro. Ukrainian intelligence posted a Russian-language statement on social media, calling on remaining Russian soldiers to surrender. Footage on social media suggested that Ukrainian troops had captured several Russian tanks, armoured vehicles and crates of ammunition, contradicting
1739-408: The new Ukrainian governor of Kherson Oblast since August 2022, stated on 18 November: "[Evacuating residents] depends on whether there will be electricity. The president has said very clearly that we should throw all our resources into restoring the electricity supply". Kherson district head Mykhailo Lynetskiy said there were no plans yet to evacuate the city's residents, but that there was a major risk
1786-474: The occupying forces declared Henichesk , a port city on the Sea of Azov , to be the "temporary administrative capital of the Kherson region". During the withdrawal, Russian soldiers took the bones of the 18th century Prince Grigory Aleksandrovich Potemkin , who was considered the modern founder of the city, from Kherson's St. Catherine's Cathedral . Initially, most of the city's inhabitants were euphoric, celebrating
1833-445: The other bank, but this would leave troops stuck on the northern side vulnerable to Ukrainian artillery and drone attacks. Groups of Russian soldiers (some of them wounded) were reportedly captured, or voluntarily surrendered to advancing Ukrainian forces. Ukrainian official Serhiy Khlan stated that some Russian soldiers failed to leave Kherson, and changed into civilian clothing. One unidentified Russian soldier appeared to confirm that
1880-610: The reservoir. At that time the Zaporizhzhia Regional Military Administration in a statement suggested that one of the purposes of draining the reservoir might have been to flood the area south of the dam, in order to keep Ukrainian Forces from crossing the Dnipro River. Officials stated that Ukrhydroenergo , Ukraine's hydro electric company, believed Russian forces "opened the station's locks fearing an advance of Ukrainian soldiers". In early November 2022,
1927-558: The river in an orderly withdrawal. Several analysts and experts considered perfectly conducting such a large and complex manoeuvre in a matter of three days to be logistically impossible. Ukrainian defence minister Oleksii Reznikov told Reuters: 'It's not that easy to withdraw these troops from Kherson in one day or two days. As a minimum, [it will take] one week' to move them all (40,000 by his estimate). On Russian social media, many troops appeared to be in panic as they sought to escape, with pro-Kremlin bloggers echoing panic, suggesting
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1974-540: The spillways at the dam had been opened, and the Kakhovka Reservoir dropped to its lowest level in three decades, putting irrigation and drinking water resources at risk, as well as the coolant systems for the Zaporizhzhia Nuclear Power Plant . Between 1 December 2022 and 6 February 2023, the water level dropped 2 meters (6.6 ft). From mid-February to late May 2023, either deliberately or as
2021-404: The time Ukraine re-established control. President Zelenskyy said on 12 November: "Before fleeing from Kherson, the occupiers destroyed all the critical infrastructure: communications, water, heat, electricity." Kherson TV Tower , Kherson combined heat and power plant [ uk ] and other energy infrastructure facilities were blown up. The occupied Kherson region is home to part of
2068-576: The world for number of casualties caused by mines." The removal of mines and tripwires across the oblast and the rest of the recaptured territories of Ukraine was expected to take months if not years. In response to the withdrawal of its military forces from the city, the Russian government reiterated its claim that Kherson Oblast remains a federal subject of Russia. The withdrawal was praised amongst NATO members, with President of Turkey Recep Tayyip Erdoğan characterizing it as "positive and important" and that he would continue diplomacy with Russia. In
2115-412: Was a danger of Russian artillery shelling Kherson from the eastern bank of the Dnipro. On 14 November Zelenskyy made an unannounced visit to Kherson and spoke to a crowd of several hundred residents, saying "We are, step by step, coming to all of our country...I am happy we are in Kherson.” The NOS described the situation on the ground as "a sort of unspoken ceasefire. That both belligerents have taken
2162-713: Was an occurrence of an "internal explosion of the structures" within the dam, according to Ukrainian president Volodymyr Zelenskyy . Evacuations and rescue operations commenced as a result. According to the United Nations , the breach in the Kakhova Dam would have catastrophic consequences. The destruction of the dam led to tens of thousands of people being in a flood zone and more than 50 deaths. Over 40 different towns and villages in Ukraine are severely flooded and massive numbers of livestock have perished. Russia has controlled
2209-457: Was commissioned in October 1956. Significant repairs and expansion were made from 2019. It is operated by Ukrhydroenergo , which was founded in 1994. The construction of the dam flooded the Great Meadow ( Velykyi Luh ) forest and marsh ecosystem. The central section of the dam consists of (from north-west to south-east) a reinforced concrete barrage dam , the hydro power station, and
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