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59-407: Disco Dancer is a 1982 Indian dance - action film , written by Rahi Masoom Raza and directed by Babbar Subhash . It stars Mithun Chakraborty and Kim in leading roles, with Om Puri , Gita Siddharth and Karan Razdan in supporting roles with Rajesh Khanna in a special appearance. The film tells the rags-to-riches story of a young street performer from the slums of Bombay . The film

118-515: A Gold Award in China. Adjusted for inflation, it is still one of the highest-grossing Indian films of all time. Anil, a street performer and wedding singer from the slums of Bombay , is scarred by the memory of the rich P. N. Oberoi beating his mother in an incident during his childhood. When manager David Brown is fed up with the tantrums of current Indian disco champion Sam and looks for some new talent, he happens to see Anil dance-walking across

177-440: A Disco Dancer" was the inspiration for Devo 's song " Disco Dancer " (1988). The British Sri Lankan alternative rapper M.I.A. covered "Jimmy Jimmy Jimmy Aaja" as " Jimmy " in 2007 for her album Kala . There have been cover versions of "Jimmy Jimmy Aaja Aaja" from other international musicians, including the 1998 hit "Jimmy" by Russian techno group Ruki Vverh , "Jimmy Jimmy" by Russian artists DJ Slon and Angel-A, and

236-563: A cover version by Tibetan artist Kelsang Metok. The music from "Jimmy Jimmy Aaja Aaja" was used in the final fight scene in the Adam Sandler film You Don't Mess with the Zohan . In 2010, the songs "I Am a Disco Dancer" and "Yaad Aa Raha Hai" were used in the 2010 Bollywood comedy film , Golmaal 3 , directed by Rohit Shetty . The songs were relevant to the performance of Mithun Chakraborty 's character Pritam, who reflected on his past as

295-529: A kind of social pathology, as an aural sign that American audiences are primitive and uneducated ( Pierre Boulez ); that kids nowadays just want to get stoned ( Donal Henahan and Harold Schonberg in the New York Times); that traditional Western cultural values have eroded in the liberal wake of the 1960s ( Samuel Lipman ); that minimalist repetition is dangerously seductive propaganda, akin to Hitler 's speeches and advertising ( Elliott Carter ); even that

354-428: A long time. It includes pieces made exclusively from recordings of rivers and streams. It includes pieces that move in endless circles. It includes pieces that set up an unmoving wall of saxophone sound. It includes pieces that take a very long time to move gradually from one kind of music to another kind. It includes pieces that permit all possible pitches, as long as they fall between C and D. It includes pieces that slow

413-423: A lyrical melody in long, arching phrases...[It] utilizes repetitive melodic patterns, consonant harmonies, motoric rhythms, and a deliberate striving for aural beauty." Timothy Johnson holds that, as a style, minimal music is primarily continuous in form, without disjunct sections. A direct consequence of this is an uninterrupted texture made up of interlocking rhythmic patterns and pulses. It is in addition marked by

472-486: A poor hero's journey from rags-to-riches , and involved violent revenge plots against villains. Disco Dancer took the "angry young man" genre and subverted it: instead of having Jimmy fight the villains or get revenge through violence, he instead gets revenge and defeats the villains through disco dancing . This led to a wave of disco -themed Bollywood musicals in India, and it become a global phenomenon outside of India. It

531-479: A remake of a same name and is tentatively being written by V. Vijayendra Prasad . Upon release, Disco Dancer was a phenomenon, both domestically and internationally. Prior to the film's release, Bollywood was dominated by "angry young man" Bombay underworld films , an action crime film genre pioneered by screenwriter duo Salim–Javed a decade earlier in the early 1970s. These films often explored socialist and "hero versus system" themes, often presented

590-534: A series of works that incorporated additive process (form based on sequences such as 1, 1 2, 1 2 3, 1 2 3 4) into the repertoire of minimalist techniques; these works included Two Pages , Music in Fifths , Music in Contrary Motion , and others. Glass was influenced by Ravi Shankar and Indian music from the time he was assigned a film score transcription of music by Ravi Shankar into western notation. He realized that in

649-515: A single page, this work has frequently been viewed as the beginning of musical minimalism." Inspired by his work with Terry Riley on the premiere of In C , Steve Reich produced three works— It's Gonna Rain and Come Out for tape, and Piano Phase for live performers—that introduced the idea of phase shifting, or allowing two identical phrases or sound samples played at slightly different speeds to repeat and slowly go out of phase with each other. Starting in 1968 with 1 + 1 , Philip Glass wrote

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708-495: A street. Rebranded as 'Jimmy', the rising disco star must take the throne from Sam and win the heart of Rita, Oberoi's daughter. All seems to be going well until Oberoi hires men to connect Jimmy's electric guitar to 5,000 volts of electricity, causing Jimmy's mother to die in a tragic accident. Jimmy gets guitar phobia after witnessing his mother's death. Later, Oberoi's goons break his legs. With help from Rita, Jimmy begins to walk. Jimmy must claim first place for Team India at

767-507: A string quartet in pure, uninflected C major. In the early 1960s, Riley made two electronic works using tape delay, Mescalin Mix (1960-1962) and The Gift (1963), which injected the idea of repetition into minimalism. In 1964, Riley's In C made persuasively engaging textures from the layered performance of repeated melodic phrases. The work is scored for any group of instruments and/or voices. Keith Potter writes "its fifty-three modules notated on

826-476: A warehouse. The 2008 video recorded on a mobile phone got over 1 million views on YouTube. He landed an acting role in a Russian comedy film, Six Degrees of Celebration (2010). The film's soundtrack was used during the end credits of the 2019 Tamil film Super Deluxe . Korean K-pop artist Aoora in collaboration with Saregama released the K-pop version of "Jimmy Jimmy Aaja Aaja". Dance film Dance film

885-621: A work of art music in the Western classical tradition , and its innovations in the musical language of rock can be compared to those that introduced atonal and other nontraditional techniques into that classical tradition." The development of specific experimental rock genres such as krautrock , space rock (from the 1980s), noise rock , and post-rock was influenced by minimal music. Philip Sherburne has suggested that noted similarities between minimal forms of electronic dance music and American minimal music could easily be accidental. Much of

944-429: A world of minimalism. All that junk mail I get every single day repeats; when I look at television I see the same advertisement, and I try to follow the movie that's being shown, but I'm being told about cat food every five minutes. That is minimalism." Fink notes that Carter's general loathing of the music is representative of a form of musical snobbery that dismisses repetition more generally. Carter has even criticised

1003-623: A young mega-hit disco dancer. Aamir Khan 's special appearance as Disco Fighter in the Imran Khan starrer 2011 film Delhi Belly is inspired by Mithun Chakraborty's role in Disco Dancer . "Jimmy Jimmy Aaja Aaja" and "I Am a Disco Dancer" are very popular in countries such as Mongolia and post-Soviet states such as Russia , Azerbaijan , and Uzbekistan . Baimurat Allaberiyev , an ethnic Uzbek from Tajikistan , became an internet sensation by singing "Goron Ki Na Kalon Ki" and "Jimmy Aaja" in

1062-542: Is Khan (2010) and 3 Idiots (2009). Disco Dancer was also a success in China , when it released there in 1983. The song "Jimmy Jimmy" was popular there. According to Aamir Khan , Mithun Chakraborty is famous in China due to the song. Worldwide, Disco Dancer grossed a combined ₹ 100.68 crore (US$ 82.39 million) in India and the Soviet Union. This surpassed the ₹ 35 crore gross of Sholay (1975), making Disco Dancer

1121-474: Is a form of art music or other compositional practice that employs limited or minimal musical materials. Prominent features of minimalist music include repetitive patterns or pulses , steady drones , consonant harmony , and reiteration of musical phrases or smaller units. It may include features such as phase shifting , resulting in what is termed phase music , or process techniques that follow strict rules, usually described as process music . The approach

1180-557: Is also known as the cinematic interpretation of existing dance works, originally created for live performance. When existing dance works are modified for the purposes of filming this can involve a wide variety of film techniques . Depending on the amount of choreographic and/or presentational adjustment an original work is subjected to, the filmed version may be considered as dance for camera. However, these definitions are not agreed upon by those working with dance and film or video. Britain's DV8 Physical Theatre , founded by Lloyd Newson ,

1239-435: Is known for its filmi disco Bollywood songs , composed by Bappi Lahiri and written by Anjaan and Faruk Kaiser . Popular songs include "Jimmy Jimmy Jimmy Aaja" sung by Parvati Khan , "I am a Disco Dancer" sung by Vijay Benedict , "Yaad Aa Raha Hai" sung by Bappi Lahiri , and "Goro Ki Na Kaalo Ki" sung by Suresh Wadkar with Usha Mangeshkar . The film was a worldwide success, with its popularity extending across Asia,

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1298-570: Is marked by a non-narrative, non- teleological , and non- representational approach, and calls attention to the activity of listening by focusing on the internal processes of the music. The approach originated on the West Coast of the United States in the late 1950s and early 1960s, particularly around the Bay Area , where La Monte Young , Terry Riley and Steve Reich were studying and living at

1357-576: Is well known for its film versions of staged works. The reworking of Enter Achilles (1995) for film in 1996 is a seminal example of Dance for camera . Recently acclaimed works include The Cost of Living . Australia's The Physical TV Company, directed by Richard James Allen and Karen Pearlman , is well known for creating original works that are a sophisticated meeting of the possibilities of cinema with those of dance. Dance films such as Rubberman Accepts The Nobel Prize (2001), No Surrender (2002), and Down Time Jaz (2003) are differing examples of

1416-541: The Soviet Union , Eastern Europe , the Middle East , Turkey , and Africa . Disco Dancer was also the second highest-grossing film ever in the Soviet Union and the highest-grossing foreign film. Disco Dancer established Mithun as a household name wherever the film went well, with Jimmy became a more popular name for Mithun Chakraborty . The soundtrack album was also a success, going Platinum in India and receiving

1475-454: The Soviet Union , the film released in 1984, with 1,013 prints. It drew an audience of 60.9   million viewers in 1984, becoming the most successful film at the Soviet box office that year, the biggest foreign hit in the 1980s, the fourth biggest box office hit of the decade, the eighth biggest foreign hit of all time, and one of the top 25 biggest box office hits of all time. Including re-runs,

1534-488: The commodity-fetishism of modern capitalism has fatally trapped the autonomous self in minimalist narcissism ( Christopher Lasch ). Elliott Carter maintained a consistent critical stance against minimalism and in 1982 he went so far as to compare it to fascism in stating that "one also hears constant repetition in the speeches of Hitler and in advertising. It has its dangerous aspects." When asked in 2001 how he felt about minimal music he replied that "we are surrounded by

1593-595: The highest-grossing Indian film worldwide up until it was surpassed by the ₹ 135 crore gross of Hum Aapke Hain Koun (1994). Disco Dancer was the first Indian film to gross ₹ 100 crore worldwide. It was remade in Tamil as Paadum Vaanampadi with Anand Babu , and in Telugu as Disco King with Nandamuri Balakrishna . Babbar Subhash & Nitin Kumar Gupta are producing

1652-544: The International Disco Dancing Competition amidst strong competition from Team Africa (Disco King and Queen) and Paris (Disco King and Queen). Jimmy is reluctant to dance, but Rita persuades him to do so. Sam arrives with a guitar to scare Jimmy. Rita manages to drag the show to encourage Jimmy to sing but to no avail. The crowd pelts him with stones which hit his head. Jimmy's uncle Raju arrives and advises him to infuse his mother and his music; he throws

1711-449: The West time is divided like a slice of bread ; Indians and other cultures take small units and string them together. According to Richard E. Rodda, " 'Minimalist' music is based upon the repetition of slowly changing common chords [chords that are diatonic to more than one key, or else triads, either just major, or major and minor—see: common tone ] in steady rhythms, often overlaid with

1770-463: The centre of her body like a ravenous carnivorous plant, and Aggiss battles against it with all the wiles of a performer.' Billy Cowie, who collaborated with Aggiss from 1982 to 2003, is a pioneer of 3D Dance films, shown as installations in galleries. His works include In the Flesh , Tango de Soledad , Cinco Retratos and Jenseits . Minimalist music Minimal music (also called minimalism )

1829-399: The charm of Steve Reich 's early music had to do with perceptual phenomena that were not actually played, but resulted from subtleties in the phase-shifting process. In other words, the music often does not sound as simple as it looks. In Gann's further analysis, during the 1980s minimalism evolved into less strict, more complex styles such as postminimalism and totalism , breaking out of

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1888-495: The development of an earlier style had run its course to extreme and unsurpassable complexity. Parallels include the advent of the simple Baroque continuo style following elaborate Renaissance polyphony and the simple early classical symphony following Bach 's monumental advances in Baroque counterpoint . In addition, critics have often overstated the simplicity of even early minimalism. Michael Nyman has pointed out that much of

1947-433: The face of mass-production and The Bomb ". Steve Reich has argued that such criticism is misplaced. In 1987 he stated that his compositional output reflected the popular culture of postwar American consumer society because the "elite European-style serial music " was simply not representative of his cultural experience. Reich stated that Stockhausen , Berio , and Boulez were portraying in very honest terms what it

2006-569: The few composers to self-identify as minimalist, also claims to have been first to use the word as new music critic for The Village Voice . He describes "minimalism": The idea of minimalism is much larger than many people realize. It includes, by definition, any music that works with limited or minimal materials: pieces that use only a few notes, pieces that use only a few words of text, or pieces written for very limited instruments, such as antique cymbals, bicycle wheels, or whiskey glasses. It includes pieces that sustain one basic electronic rumble for

2065-400: The film sold an estimated 120   million tickets in the Soviet Union. In terms of gross revenue , it earned 60 million Soviet rubles ( US$ 75.85 million, ₹ 94.28 crore), the highest for an Indian film, surpassing Awaara ' s 29 million roubles. This made it the highest-grossing Indian film overseas up until it was surpassed by the over ₹ 100 crore overseas gross of My Name

2124-659: The filmmaker Michael Snow (as performers, in Reich's case). The music of Moondog of the 1940s and '50s, which was based on counterpoint developing statically over steady pulses in often unusual time signatures influenced both Philip Glass and Steve Reich. Glass has written that he and Reich took Moondog's work "very seriously and understood and appreciated it much more than what we were exposed to at Juilliard". La Monte Young 's 1958 composition Trio for Strings consists almost entirely of long tones and rests . It has been described as an origin point for minimalist music. One of

2183-428: The first minimalist compositions was November by Dennis Johnson, written in 1959. A work for solo piano that lasted around six hours, it demonstrated many features that would come to be associated with minimalism, such as diatonic tonality, phrase repetition, additive process, and duration. La Monte Young credits this piece as the inspiration for his own magnum opus, The Well-Tuned Piano. In 1960, Terry Riley wrote

2242-437: The first to develop compositional techniques that exploit a minimal approach. The movement originally involved dozens of composers, although only five (Young, Riley, Reich, Glass, and later John Adams ) emerged to become publicly associated with American minimal music; other lesser known pioneers included Dennis Johnson , Terry Jennings , Richard Maxfield , Pauline Oliveros , Phill Niblock , and James Tenney . In Europe,

2301-500: The guitar to Jimmy, after which Jimmy begins to sing. Oberoi's goons kill Raju, after which Jimmy travels to their lair and beats them up. In the ensuing fight, Oberoi is electrocuted. The title song I am a Disco Dancer was shot at Natraj Studio in Mumbai over three days, where scenes featuring Mithun Chakrobarty's signature moves were filmed. Thereafter, the shooting featured crowds scenes at Filmistan Studio in Mumbai. The music for all

2360-557: The internet as a video work. The Mitchell Rose's Deere John , part of his Modern Daydreams suite created with BodyVox artistic directors Jamey Hampton and Ashley Roland , that features a man doing a pas de deux with a 22-ton John Deere Excavator . Flor Cósmica (1977), Pola Weiss Álvarez 's video, presented at the ninth International VideoArt Meeting at the Carrillo Gil Museum. The British choreographer and film maker Liz Aggiss has made several dance films, including

2419-555: The latter influencing Cale's work with the band. Terry Riley's album A Rainbow in Curved Air (1969) was released during the era of psychedelia and flower power , becoming the first minimalist work to have crossover success, appealing to rock and jazz audiences. Music theorist Daniel Harrison coined the Beach Boys ' Smiley Smile (1967) an experimental work of "protominimal rock", elaborating: "[The album] can almost be considered

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2478-944: The minimalist aesthetic was embraced by figures such as jazz musician John Lewis and multidisciplinary artist Julius Eastman . The early compositions of Glass and Reich are somewhat austere, with little embellishment on the principal theme . These are works for small instrumental ensembles, of which the composers were often members. In Glass's case, these ensembles comprise organs, winds—particularly saxophones—and vocalists, while Reich's works have more emphasis on mallet and percussion instruments. Most of Adams's works are written for more traditional European classical music instrumentation, including full orchestra , string quartet , and solo piano. The music of Reich and Glass drew early sponsorship from art galleries and museums, presented in conjunction with visual-art minimalists like Robert Morris (in Glass's case), and Richard Serra , Bruce Nauman , and

2537-428: The multi-award-winning Motion Control (2002), commissioned by BBC Dance for Camera. In 2012, on ARTE TV, she gave an interview in which she talked about screen dance and its ability to place the camera anywhere in relation to the dancer's body. Motion Control featured 'a glammed up Aggiss, fixed to the spot in nameless, enclosed space, and the camera diving and circling around here. The camera lunges at speed towards

2596-534: The music of Louis Andriessen , Karel Goeyvaerts , Michael Nyman , Howard Skempton , Éliane Radigue , Gavin Bryars , Steve Martland , Henryk Górecki , Arvo Pärt and John Tavener exhibits minimalist traits. It is unclear where the term minimal music originates. Steve Reich has suggested that it is attributable to Michael Nyman, an assertion that two scholars, Jonathan Bernard, and Dan Warburton, have also made in writing. Philip Glass believes Tom Johnson coined

2655-510: The music technology used in dance music has traditionally been designed to suit loop-based compositional methods, which may explain why certain stylistic features of styles such as minimal techno sound similar to minimal art music. One group who clearly did have an awareness of the American minimal tradition is the British ambient act The Orb . Their 1990 production " Little Fluffy Clouds " features

2714-488: The organization, combination, and individual characteristics of short, repetitive rhythmic patterns into the foreground. Leonard B. Meyer described minimal music in 1994: Because there is little sense of goal-directed motion, [minimal] music does not seem to move from one place to another. Within any musical segment, there may be some sense of direction, but frequently the segments fail to lead to or imply one another. They simply follow one another. As Kyle Gann puts it,

2773-563: The phrase. The word "minimal" was perhaps first used in relation to music in 1968 by Michael Nyman , who "deduced a recipe for the successful 'minimal-music' happening from the entertainment presented by Charlotte Moorman and Nam June Paik at the ICA ", which included a performance of Springen by Henning Christiansen and a number of unidentified performance-art pieces. Nyman later expanded his definition of minimal music in his 1974 book Experimental Music: Cage and Beyond . Tom Johnson, one of

2832-434: The possibilities of this approach involving comedy, visual effects, drama, and animation. The Machinima work by Chris Brandt: ' Dance, Voldo, Dance ' which uses computer game characters within the game Soulcalibur to act out a live, choreographed dance. Two players simultaneously performed the dance piece using game controllers. The work existed as a live performance on screen, and has since been edited and distributed on

2891-568: The songs were composed by Bappi Lahiri and the lyrics were penned by Anjaan and Faruk Kaiser . The tracks on the 1982 soundtrack album are as follows: The song "Yaad Aa Raha Hai" has been described as a synthesized , minimalist , high-tempo , electronic disco song. Geeta Dayal described it as a " disco anthem for the ages, and one of the best songs Lahiri ever did." The song "Jimmy Jimmy Jimmy Aaja" has similarities to 1980 French disco song "T’es OK" by Ottawan . The song "Auva Auva" (picturized on Karan Razdan's character Sam)

2950-484: The strongly framed repetition and stasis of early minimalism, and enriching it with a confluence of other rhythmic and structural influences. Minimal music has had some influence on developments in popular music. The experimental rock act The Velvet Underground had a connection with the New York down-town scene from which minimal music emerged, rooted in the close working relationship of John Cale and La Monte Young ,

3009-786: The tempo down to two or three notes per minute. Already in 1965 the art historian Barbara Rose had named La Monte Young's Dream Music , Morton Feldman 's characteristically soft dynamics, and various unnamed composers "all, to a greater or lesser degree, indebted to John Cage " as examples of "minimal art", but did not specifically use the expression "minimal music". The most prominent minimalist composers are La Monte Young , Terry Riley , Steve Reich , Philip Glass , John Adams , and Louis Andriessen . Others who have been associated with this compositional approach include Terry Jennings , Gavin Bryars , Tom Johnson , Michael Nyman , Michael Parsons , Howard Skempton , Dave Smith , James Tenney , and John White . Among African-American composers,

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3068-595: The time. After the three composers moved to the East Coast, their music became associated with the New York Downtown scene of the mid-1960s, where it was initially viewed as a form of experimental music called the New York Hypnotic School. In the Western art music tradition, the American composers Moondog , La Monte Young , Terry Riley , Steve Reich , and Philip Glass are credited with being among

3127-542: The tonality used in minimal music lacks "goal-oriented European association[s]". David Cope lists the following qualities as possible characteristics of minimal music: Famous pieces that use this technique are the number section of Glass' Einstein on the Beach , Reich's tape-loop pieces Come Out and It's Gonna Rain , and Adams' Shaker Loops . Robert Fink offers a summary of some notable critical reactions to minimal music: ... perhaps it can be understood as

3186-421: The use of bright timbres and an energetic manner. Its harmonic sonorities are distinctively simple, usually diatonic, often consist of familiar triads and seventh chords, and are presented in a slow harmonic rhythm. Johnson disagrees with Rodda, however, in finding that minimal music's most distinctive feature is the complete absence of extended melodic lines. Instead, there are only brief melodic segments, thrusting

3245-505: The use of repetition in the music of Edgard Varèse and Charles Ives , stating that "I cannot understand the popularity of that kind of music, which is based on repetition. In a civilized society, things don't need to be said more than three times." Ian MacDonald claimed that minimalism is the "passionless, sexless and emotionally blank soundtrack of the Machine Age , its utopian selfishness no more than an expression of human passivity in

3304-615: Was a blockbuster in Asia and the former Soviet Union, and drew a large global cult following , from Japan where a Jimmy statue was built in Osaka , to the West where Disco Dancer became the defining example of a stereotypical "Bollywood" film. Retrospectively, the film has received a polarizing critical reception, with praise for its music and dance numbers but criticism towards its plot, with Anuvab Pal calling it an ironic comedy film . The title song "I Am

3363-462: Was inspired by the 1979 synthpop hit " Video Killed the Radio Star " by The Buggles . The song "Cerrone's Paradise" by Cerrone was used in the scene when David Brown discovers Anil who is dance-walking down a street. The song "Krishna Dharti Pe Aaja Tu" was inspired by "Jesus" by Tielman Brothers . This version was used in the movie where Jimmy is practicing dance. The Disco Dancer soundtrack

3422-408: Was like to pick up the pieces after World War II. But for some American in 1948 or 1958 or 1968—in the real context of tailfins, Chuck Berry and millions of burgers sold—to pretend that instead we're really going to have the darkbrown Angst of Vienna is a lie, a musical lie. Kyle Gann , himself a minimalist composer, has argued that minimalism represented a predictable return to simplicity after

3481-524: Was popular worldwide, particularly in India, the Soviet Union, and China. The soundtrack went Platinum in India, equivalent to 1   million sales, and received a Gold Award in China. In India, the film grossed ₹6.4 crore in 1982. It was the 7th or 14th highest-grossing film at the domestic Indian box office in 1982, with its strongest commercial performance in the West Bengal state, home to actor Mithun Chakraborty and composer Bappi Lahiri . In

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