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66-567: The Dinnie Stones (also called Stanes or Steens ) are a pair of Scottish lifting stones located in Potarch , Aberdeenshire. They were made famous by strongman Donald Dinnie , who reportedly carried the stones barehanded across the width of the Potarch Bridge, a distance of 17 ft 1 + 1 ⁄ 2  in (5.22 m), in 1860. They remain in use as lifting stones. The stones are composed of granite , with iron rings affixed. They have

132-520: A whinstone fetched from River Tees named Teesdale Feat Stone which weighs 135 kg (298 lb) posed a popular challenge which required the lifter to lift it on to a wooden table. The stone was lost for 12 years until it was founded again in 2024 and is now relocated in a field just off the Pennine Way footpath. Another famous stone in Durham is the 130 kg (287 lb) Lonton Egg which has

198-602: A 4-inch-deep (100 mm) sand pit. In 2004, Swiss carpenter Markus Maire established the current record in this event with a 4.11 metres (13 ft 6 in) throw. In Southern Germany centered around Bavaria , stone lifting has been a traditional sport for centuries. It was developed as a general test of strength primarily in the Bavarian Alps region, and under the care of the State Association of Stone Lifters , now developed as an independent sport. A notable event

264-819: A body weight of 65 kg (143 lb). Brett Nicol is the current record holder for lifting the Dinnie Stones for the most number of times, with 460 lifts from 2008 to date. In 2012 Mark Haydock set a record by lifting the stones 25 times in a single day, including 10 times within 1 minute. Notes: Lifting stone Lifting stones are heavy natural stones which people are challenged to lift, proving their strength. They are common throughout Northern Europe , particularly Iceland (where they are referred to as steintökin ), Ireland , Scotland , Basque Country , Faroe Islands , Wales , North West England centered around Cumbria , Switzerland , Southern Germany centered around Bavaria , Austria , Scandinavia and also in

330-557: A bodyweight of 64 kg (141 lb) lifted the stones (unassisted lift) and became the lightest lifter to put the wind beneath the stones. In May 2019, Kristin Rhodes became the first woman to lift the Rogue replica Dinnie stones unassisted. Most number of lifts: Jim Splaine became the first person to lift the Dinnie Stones more than fifty times, a feat he went on to achieve a total of 67 times from 1973 to 1990. Most of those lifts were done at

396-427: A combined weight of 733 lb ( 332 + 1 ⁄ 2  kg), with the larger stone weighing 414.5 lb (188 kg) and the smaller stone weighing 318.5 lb ( 144 + 1 ⁄ 2  kg). The stones were reportedly selected in the 1830s as counterweights for use in maintaining the Potarch Bridge. They were lost following World War I , but were rediscovered in 1953 by David P. Webster . Replicas of

462-417: A distinctive indent on one side. After a few pints, young men from 1920s have challenged each other to lift it on the walk home from the nearby pub. The 245 kg (540 lb) Northumberland Stone which was featured at 2015 World's Strongest Team competition was a cheviot granite from Cumbria. It is the heaviest stone ever used in a distance carrying event and Iceland's Hafþór Júlíus Björnsson carried

528-634: A full competition by repping a 250 kg (551 lb) stone twice. Scotland's Tom Stoltman holds the world record for the heaviest Manhood Stone ever lifted at 286 kg (631 lb). In ancient Japan, stone lifting was carried out around Shinto shrines as a sport. サシ石 (Hiragana: さしいし)(sashi-ishi) ("overhead pressing stone"), 石担, (ishikatsugi) ("shoulder carried stone") and 石運び (ishihakobi) ("stone carrying") are some popular disciplines. In Takayama , there are two smooth circular stones called Hida folk village stones which weigh 94 kg (207 lb) and 75 kg (165 lb) respectively. Back in

594-533: A heavy perfectly rectangular stone associated with strong men of the parish who challenged each other after Sunday Masses to lift the stone upto their knees. Every settlement in the Faroe Islands used to have its local lifting stone, called 'Hav', derived from the verb hevja which means 'to lift'. Visiting men would be challenged by the locals to show off their strength. These stones usually are very heavy and elongated in shape and they are mainly to be lifted off

660-569: A man's ability to lift stones, run, jump, leap, wrestle, fence, shoot a bow and arrow and throw a spear. To date, a 136 kg (300 lb) lifting stone called Garreg Orchest (also known as 'Ysbyty Ifan Stone)' is still in place in the town of Criccieth in Gwynedd , North Wales. Competitors travel from all across the UK to attempt to lift and carry this large stone. In 2012 David Horne walked it for 62 feet (18.9m). The other most famous lifting stone of Wales

726-520: A one rep max. In the ontzi eramatea event, the weights were originally milk canisters prior to stones. For his prowess with both ancient and modern stones, Iñaki Perurena is considered the greatest Basque stonelifter. In North West England centered around Cumbria , are several historical stone circles such as Castlerigg , Swinside and Birkrigg . Some stones, mainly the smallest and liftable ones among them have been used during ancient English sporting events which dates back to 1600s. In Durham ,

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792-443: A platform, known as Atlas stones . Famous lifting stones from around the world and the greatest stone lifters are listed below. In Iceland, lifting stones were traditionally used to qualify men for work on fishing boats. For example, to qualify as an oarsman , a man would have to lift the hálfdrættingur stone (described below under Dritvík Stones) onto a natural plinth. Lifting heavier stones would entitle men greater shares of

858-424: A saddle on a horse. The plinth known as 'Mare' is a tall and wide druid-like boulder, shaped at the top like a sloping desk with a 30° angle. The stone known as 'Saddle' which weighs 99 kg (218 lb) should be picked up and placed on top of the plinth so that it sits balanced on top. A recently developed series of nine concrete spheres ranging from 18 kg (40 lb) to 152 kg (335 lb) used in

924-578: A scholarly journal for the history of physical culture. In addition, she has written numerous articles on topics such as sport and exercise history, anabolic steroids, and strength training as well as two books: Physical Culture and the Body Beautiful: Purposive Exercise in the Lives of American Women (Mercer University Press, 1998), and Lift Your Way to Youthful Fitness ( Little-Brown , 1985). With her husband, Terry Todd , Jan Todd founded

990-524: A ship's crew member and also to decide their ranks and share of the catch. The plinth had been around waist height, but throughout centuries more than half of it is now buried beneath the dark sand. Today, lifters prefer to lift the stones upto chest level and stand tall with them for a good lift. The four stones are classified as: Located in the Látravík cove at the westernmost point of the Westfjords region,

1056-415: Is a 1.5 meter long basalt located near Tálknafjörður in the Westfjords region. Legend says that the stone was first pulled from the sea in 1845, when a mighty farmer named Brynjólfur Eggertsson asked four of the strongest men in the area to lift the giant slab on to his shoulders. From there, Brynjólfur is said to have attached the stone to him with straps and carried it uphill, to the nearby ridge where it

1122-441: Is a discipline where a very heavy rectangular stone is attached to a chain to be attached to the athlete around his waist or just to be gripped by a handle and the stone to be dragged for the furthermost distance. Cubic stones ( Kuboa ), rectangular stones ( Laukizuzena ), cylindrical stones ( Zilindroa ) and spherical stones ( Biribila ) are three different events where they are lapped and shouldered for as many reps as possible or for

1188-427: Is also a famous sport in ancient Scotland. Some famous Scottish lifting stones are described below. The most famous among Scotland's legendary lifting stones are the Dinnie Stones. They are a pair of stones with metal rings fixed to each, located in Potarch , Aberdeenshire and made famous by strongman Donald Dinnie . Weighing 332.5 kg (733 lb) combined, the heavier stone weighs 188 kg (414 lb) and

1254-435: Is currently located. The stone has since been named in his honor as Brynjólfstak (Brynjólfur's finger) due to the elongated shape of the stone. This smooth and pillar-like stone is said to mark the spot where an unfortunate farmer made a pact with the devil. As the story goes, the lazy farmer wanted a fast track to an easier, more prosperous life, so the devil offered him his dream if he could simply complete one task: lifting

1320-566: Is inscribed in the stone. Norwegian Strongman Odd Haugen was gifted with a 186 kg (410 lb) oval shaped stone on his 58th birthday and since has featured at the Arnold Strongman Classic a number of times in the Stone to Shoulder event. Only 8 men ( Marunde , Licis , Kieliszkowski , Shivlyakov , Björnsson , Belsak , Thompson and Novikov ) have lifted this stone to their shoulder. In 2007, when Slater Strength Co. introduced

1386-537: Is meant to be lifted and held above ground for the longest time. In Switzerland , affiliated to the Unspunnenfest , a festival held once every twelve years, a historic stone weighing 83.5 kg (184 lb) is thrown overhead for the longest distance. The event is known as Unspunnen stone throw. The contestants begin on a 6.1 metres (20 ft 0 in) runway, hurling the Aare granite stone as far as they could into

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1452-479: Is measured by the stone. In ascending capacity they are amlóði, hálfsterkur and fullsterkur . Someone who could break the floor with the stone (lift the stone from the ground) which is already a substantial feat of strength, is called lazybones (amlóði in Icelandic), while anyone who could squat down, lap and lift it up to their waist level would be considered half-strong (hálfsterkur in Icelandic). However, for

1518-419: Is said to have been crafted from a large rock, back in 1756, by a local pastor named Snorri Björnsson. Nicknamed the 'Kviahellan' (pen slab) by Snorri, he used it as the gate to his sheep and goat pen , ensuring the animals remain in the pen without escaping. The stone has since been used by strongmen as a test of strength. According to Icelandic folklore, there are three levels to which your physical strength

1584-710: Is the Bavarian stone lift which originated at the strong beer festival , where competitors have to lift a rectangular shaped stone attached to a ring, starting from a squatting position. Austria's Martin Wildauer holds the world record in this lift. Events involving carrying, walking, shouldering, loading, holding and throwing stones have become very popular in the US across many American highland games competitions. Organizations such as 'New England Stone Lifting' also arrange competitions like 'Festival at Fort 4' to popularize stone lifting among

1650-520: Is the 177.5 kg (391 lb) egg-shaped Criccieth Stone which is easily recognizable thanks to its broken chunk. Stone lifting is also a traditional Basque Country sport involving the lifting of stones, called harri jasotzea . Basque country is located in the western Pyrenees , straddling the border between France and Spain on the coast of the Bay of Biscay . There are several varieties of traditional Basque stones. 'Stone dragging/ giza proba'

1716-579: Is to be lapped and hoisted on to a large plinth. The stone was named after Pètur Gudmundsson and was at least 15 kg (33 lb) heavier back in the day before a piece of it broke off. Located at Árbæjarsafn open-air museum in Reykjavík , are two sets of stones collectively known as the Arbaer Stones. First set is a collection of eight natural stones which are to be either lapped or lifted to chest height. The lightest weighs 81 kg (179 lb) and

1782-464: Is to pick up the stones from the sides and walk them in a farmers walk style carry until dropping them. Picking up of the stones this way is more challenging than the original method because it makes the range of motion of the lift longer and takes the wider sumo stance out of the equation. This record, with the original stones, is held by Laurence Shahlaei , who carried them a distance of 22 ft 4 in (6.81 m) in 2023. Mitchell Hooper holds

1848-413: Is to replicate the 1860 performance of Donald Dinnie, by walking the original stones (heavier stone to be gripped from the front and the lighter stone from the back) over the historical Potarch Bridge distance of 17 ft 1 + 1 ⁄ 2  in (5.22 m). Another contemporary feat of strength is to pick up the stones from the sides and walk them in a farmers walk style carry. Lifting and holding

1914-472: Is used for either carrying or shouldering. Also known as Chieftains stone, this 114.5 kg (252 lb) smooth round stone at Castle Menzies was expected to be lifted and carried for 10 paces (7.5 meters) to achieve manhood. It was originally used as the boundary marker for the bog at the Rannoch Moor . At Sma Glen is a plinth and a stone along-with a challenge named after the practice of putting

1980-630: The United States and parts of Asia such as Japan . Recently, lifting stones have been incorporated into the World's Strongest Man and other similar strongman competitions, using various cast, found, or established challenge stones such as the Húsafell Stone , Dinnie Stones , Steinstossen , Inver Stones and Odd Haugen Tombstone. They also do modernized versions of events derived from ancient contests, in which athletes load heavy circular stones onto

2046-498: The 18th century, it was used to measure corn and wheat and sat outside of Inver Cottage from the early 20th century until 2021 where it was relocated to the Braemar Highland Games Centre. The American Bill Kazmaier was the first man to successfully overhead press the stone. In the 2020 Arnold Strongman Classic the competitors had to overhead press 125 kg (276 lb) and 136 kg (300 lb) replicas of

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2112-595: The 220 kg (485 lb) Leggstein. It is located in the middle of the Westfjords region in Heydalur near Reykjanes . The legend says the farmer is buried under the massive plinth near the stone, to be carried around the plinth for several revolutions for his salvation. In front of the Dynjandi waterfall in the Westfjords lies a black slate stone known as the Petursstein (Petur's stone) weighing 175 kg (386 lb). It

2178-651: The 237 kg (522 lb) Max. Atlas stone over 4ft bar event for the Arnold Strongman Classic in Columbus, Ohio , it went on to be popularized as the Manhood Stones. Throughout the years, stones got heavier and was frequently featured at Rogue Record Breakers. During 2024 Strongest Man on Earth in Colorado , Iceland's Hafþór Júlíus Björnsson broke the world record for the heaviest Manhood Stone ever lifted within

2244-502: The Blairgowrie & Rattray Highland Games. With very light first five of the nine stones, they also allow children to step into the world of stone-lifting. In Ireland , lifting stones have been used for centuries as a test for manhood. One such stone is a 171 kg (377 lb) pink granite called Inishmore Stone located in Aran islands. It is also called Moulin port bheal an dun by

2310-480: The Dinnie Stones (pioneered by Gordon Dinnie) have been used in international competitions most notably during the Rogue record breakers event of the Arnold Strongman Classic . While the replica Dinnie Stones are very close in weight (with the replicas being 1lb heavier), there are several differences between the sets of stones. The replica stones have slightly different handles, the sets of stones are different shapes, and

2376-497: The Dritvík Stones, there is a hierarchy based on their size: 96 kg (212 lb), 107 kg (236 lb), 144 kg (317 lb), and the heaviest of the four: 177 kg (390 lb) which is called the 'Alsterkur'. There is also an additional fifth stone called the 'Klofi stone' weighing 200 kg (441 lb). The heaviest of Iceland's natural lifting stones is the 281.5 kg (621 lb) Brynjólfstak, which

2442-613: The Highland games specialists and carried the stones for 42.93 metres (140 ft 10 in). A bulky, sharp and triangularly shaped stone weighing 221 kg (487 lb) named after Jón Páll Sigmarsson which is kept in New Hampshire , and used in some New England Highland Games. Like the Húsafell Stone, it is to be lifted onto the chest and carried for maximum distance. The Icelandic phrase 'Þetta er ekkert mál fyrir Jón Páll!'

2508-608: The Judas Stone earned its name more than a century ago, when local farmers repeatedly tried to use it in the construction of a wall, only to have it 'betray' them like Judas by always slipping out of place due to its unbalanced nature. The stone weighs 127 kg (280 lb). Also located in the Westfjords region between Tálknafjörður and Bíldudalur in the famous seabird cliffs are four stones called Latra Stones. For many generations, local fishermen used them to stay fit and to gain bragging rights in their little time on dry land. Like

2574-547: The allowance of dropping the stones down and lifting again (if the re-attempt is within 10 seconds). Only 6 other men have ever been recorded as matching this feat (unassisted without using any weightlifting straps). The first to replicate it was Donald Dinnie's father Robert Dinnie. The feat then went unrepeated for 113 years, until Northern Irishsman Jack Shanks did so on 3 June 1973. It was followed by Mark Haydock (2012), Mark Felix (2014), Brian Irwin (2017) and Pete Seddon (2019). Farmer's walk method: Another feat of strength

2640-458: The catch. The ultimate objective is to reach "fullsterkur" status,by lifting the heaviest stone, proving the man is 'fully strong'. Some famous Icelandic lifting stones are described below. The most famous legendary lifting stone in the world is the Húsafell Stone, named after the west country farming estate where it is located, about 132 km north east from Reykjavík . The iconic triangular-shaped stone which weighs 186 kg (410 lb)

2706-517: The challenge of 'Bodach', both dating back to the 11th century. Originated from Dolerite which is rich in Iron, the stone's volume is considerably less for a stone which weighs 127 kg (280 lb), owing to its high density. For Bodach, it has to be lifted and placed on a flat plinth. Situated next to a stone coffin, historians think the stone was placed on top of the coffin when criminals were buried alive. The stone weighs 105 kg (231 lb) and

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2772-403: The colossal stone for 46.52 metres (152 ft 7 in). In Sweden , three of the most historical stones are Orebro stones, Kungslena stones and Ormeshaga stone. Orebro Stones are seven stones located in three recessed circles that are cut into the grass, situated about 160 km West of Stockholm . The heaviest stone weighs 176 kg (388 lb). Kungslena Stones are three stones with

2838-516: The day, they were used to determine who is the strongest man in the village. Jan Todd Janice Todd ( née Suffolk; born May 22, 1952) is a professor and interim department chair (starting August, 2022) in the Department of Kinesiology and Health Education at The University of Texas at Austin . Todd is a member of the sport management faculty, and teaches classes in sport history, sport philosophy, and sport and ethics. An active lecturer, Todd

2904-525: The general public. Below are some of the most iconic stones. At the Loon Mountain Highland Games in New Hampshire , there's a popular farmers walk event with a pair of stones which weigh 124.5 kg (274 lb) and 106 kg (234 lb) respectively for a combined weight of 230.5 kg (508 lb). It was originated in 1983 and pioneered by stone-lifter John Lundstrom. In 2015, Iceland's Hafþór Júlíus Björnsson competed against

2970-534: The ground to send wind underneath them. One such iconic stone is now a part of a mural in the village of Mikladalur known as Marjunar Hav of Kalsoy. The legend says the 270 kg (595 lb) stone has been lifted by Marjun the milkmaid, in the 16th century. Another famous Hav is the 198.5 kg (438 lb) Anfinn’s Hav in Eysturoy . According to Y pedair Camp ar Hugain Welsh for "The 24 feats", stone lifting

3036-602: The heaviest one weighing 166 kg (366 lb) which reside outside the Kungslena church, situated about 125 km North East of Gothenburg . They are to be lifted and placed on top of three wooden stumps. Ormeshaga Stone lies under a tree by the roadside parallel to Lake Rottnen. It weighs 118 kg (260 lb). In Denmark , located at the Open Air Museum of Copenhagen there's a historical stone named Mules Old Lifting Stone which weighs 180.5 kg (398 lb). It

3102-678: The heaviest two weigh 130 kg (287 lb) and 143 kg (315 lb). Second set contains two very heavy rectangularly carved man made stones with iron handles fixed to them. The lighter of the two weighs 254 kg (560 lb), and heavier one weighs 304 kg (670 lb). At 'Mountain Villa' cabin at Flúðir are six natural stones whose formation dates back to the Pleistocene epoch . The stones originated as Magma which hurled red hot from Snæfellsjökull volcanic crater 4,800 ft above sea level. Throughout centuries, gravity pulled them down to

3168-483: The historical stone. A five stone set replica ranging from 125–190.5 kg (276–420 lb) was frequently featured at the Rogue Invitational . The competitors had to load them over a hitching post in 2021 and 2022, and onto the top of whiskey barrels in 2024. Inspired by the original Inver Stone, these smooth and perfectly spherical stones were carved out from granite by stone-mason Stewart McGlashan during

3234-427: The iconic Icelandic full-strong status (fullsterkur in Icelandic), a person should lift it up to their chest, stand with it and walk it around the approximately 34 metre (112 ft) perimeter for a full 360° revolution around the sheep and goat pen. This final level can only be achieved by someone with extreme physical strength, stamina and endurance as hoisting the massive stone on to the chest while standing compresses

3300-436: The lighter stone weighs 144.5 kg (319 lb). They were selected in the 1830s as counterweights for use in maintaining the Potarch Bridge. Lost following World War I , they were rediscovered in 1953 by David P. Webster . Strongmen lift the stones off the ground (also known as putting the wind under the stones) and also carry them or hold them for time as measures to check strength in different ways. The ultimate challenge

3366-399: The locals. Adjacent to it are two other smaller stones beside the main stone on the same patch of grass. Among other known ancient Irish stones are Aughrim Graveyard Stone which weighs 115 kg (254 lb) and meant to be shouldered, Faha Stones which are a pair weighing 162 kg (357 lb) and 112 kg (247 lb), and the 215 kg (474 lb) Flag of Denn which is

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3432-428: The nineteenth century. The earliest account of them being used in a strength competition was in 1963 at Highland Games . The Stones of Strength event introduced first at 1986 World's Strongest Man and then 1987 Pure Strength is the beginning of the benchmark in modern day Strongman stone runs where the competitors had to lift five concrete stones of increasing weight, lap them in a squatting position and hoist them to

3498-553: The original stones off the ground (also known as putting the wind under the stones , i.e. just lifting/not walking with them). David Prowse , who would later play Darth Vader in the Star Wars original trilogy , was the first to do so assisted (with straps) in October, 1963. Jack Shanks (1972), Syd Strachan, Jim Splaine, Imlach Shearer (1973) and Jim Fraser (1978) all managed to lift them unassisted (raw grip). 10 women have also managed to lift

3564-463: The record for the longest distance walked with the Rogue replica Dinnie stones, carrying them (with the allowance of dropping them once—a rule of which Hooper didn't take advantage) a distance of 41 ft 4 in (12.6 m) in 2024. The record for lifting and holding the stones up unassisted (which is regarded as a world class feat of grip strength ) for the longest time is 46.30 seconds, set on 18 May 2019 by Mark Haydock of England. This record

3630-498: The replicas sit one inch higher than the original stones. The rules for the walk also differ, with lifters being allowed one 10 second drop while walking with the replica stones. Original method: The ultimate challenge is to replicate the 1860 performance of Donald Dinnie, by walking the original stones (heavier stone to be gripped from the front and the lighter stone from the back) over the historical Potarch Bridge distance of 17 ft 1 + 1 ⁄ 2  in (5.22 m) with

3696-577: The shore where North Atlantic waves continued to shape and polish them. Despite the sixth and final stone weighs 118 kg (260 lb), the first three of them are light and are meant for children to start their stone-lifting. They are to be lifted onto a hexagonal basalt column. In Scotland, lifting stones were used throughout generations as a tests of strength. 'Clach cuid fir' which is Gaelic for 'manhood stones' were used for young men to welcome into manhood when they were able to lift their clan's testing stone to waist height. The traditional stone put

3762-521: The stone was kept uniform for better standardization. Two of the most iconic Atlas stone runs today are the 5 Atlas Stones heavy set 120–200 kg (265–441 lb) and light set 100–180 kg (220–397 lb), which the world records are held by Hafþór Júlíus Björnsson (heavy set) and Tom Stoltman (light set) respectively. Located in Glenlyon , Perthshire, it is the oldest of the Scottish stones and

3828-552: The stones up unassisted without the use of lifting straps is widely regarded as a world class feat of grip strength . There's also 'Nicol Stones' which are meant to be a stepping stone towards the Dinnies, weighing 138 kg (304 lb) and 114 kg (251 lb) for a combined 252 kg (556 lb). A 118 kg (260 lb) (originally weighed 120 kg (265 lb)) granite stone, naturally made into an oval shape due to fast flowing waters of River Dee . Dating back to

3894-437: The stones. The first was Jan Todd in 1979, a feat which was not matched by any woman for the next 39 years until Leigh Holland-Keen in 2018 (both assisted with straps). In January 2019, Emmajane Smith lifted the stones without straps, making her the first woman to do so. In June 2019, Finland's Annika Eilmann lifted the stones without straps and also held them, making her the first woman to do so. In October 2019, Chloe Brennan at

3960-488: The thorax and decreases lung capacity significantly. At the tip of the west coast, on Djúpalónssandur beach at the foot of Snæfellsjökull , at the western end of the Snæfellsnes peninsula, lies four legendary stones called Dritvík stones which dates back to the 14th century. Historically, the sailors who rowed out from this port were asked to lift each stone onto a natural plinth called Stallurinn, to prove their worth to be

4026-493: The top of wooden barrels, one by one. In the initial competitions of the 1980s and 1990s, these barrels (now podiums), were of varying height, with the lightest stone requiring to be lifted approximately to a person's head height. The heavier the stone was, the closer it was located to the podium. From 1998 onwards, the stones increased in weight (now called 'Atlas stones'), and the podium heights and height ratios were gradually reduced. From mid 2000s, podium heights and distance from

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4092-518: Was a common practice. It was usually performed by young boys as a rite of passage into manhood. It is said that once a young boy could lift the stone to his waist he was considered a man. Furthermore, the stone was used to develop a man's strength in preparation for battle. Stones varied, depending on what was available within the locality or on what was selected by the king of each region. The king's teulu ("personal army", or "household") were selected from each village or town within his borders, based upon

4158-603: Was first introduced at the Aboyne Highland Games in 2016, and the first holder of the record was James Gardner. Annika Eilmann of Finland holds the women's record in this with a time of 10.31 seconds, also set in 2019. Kevin Faires holds the record with the Rogue replica Dinnie stones with 41.31 seconds while Gabi Dixon holds the women's record with 6.86 seconds, both achieved during 2023 Rogue Record Breakers. As of 31 December 2023, 306 individuals have managed to lift

4224-564: Was galvanized by her participation and success in the sport of powerlifting . During her powerlifting career, many publications, including Sports Illustrated magazine, considered her to be the strongest woman in the world. As a powerlifter, Todd set more than 60 national and world records, and was included in the Guinness Book of Records for over a decade. On 2 February 1978 she appeared on The Tonight Show Starring Johnny Carson , performing several lifts along with Johnny Carson . Todd

4290-613: Was named the Seward Staley Honor Lecturer for the North American Society for Sport History in 2008. Janice Todd is perhaps best known outside the powerlifting community for being the first woman ever to successfully lift the Dinnie Stones in 1979 (which she did assisted with straps). No woman lifted them again until Leigh Holland-Keen did so in 2018. Todd’s interest in the study of sport and physical culture

4356-798: Was the first woman inducted into the International Powerlifting Hall of Fame. She was inducted in the first class of the Women’s Powerlifting Hall of Fame, and the 2009 class of the US National Fitness Hall of Fame . She also received the 2008 Oscar Heidenstam Foundation Lifetime Achievement Award for her contributions in the field of physical fitness. In 2018, she was inducted into the International Sports Hall of Fame . Todd also serves as co-editor of Iron Game History: The Journal of Physical Culture ,

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