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94-628: The Dimond District ( / ˈ d aɪ m ə n d / ) is a neighborhood centered on the intersection of MacArthur Boulevard and Fruitvale Avenue in East Oakland , California , in the United States. It is located about two miles east of Lake Merritt , north of the Fruitvale District , and west of the Laurel District . It lies at an elevation of 213 feet (65 m). Dimond's ZIP code is 94602. It

188-582: A Convair 880 , to Chicago. American Airlines scheduled service from Oakland to Phoenix and then into Dallas using the Boeing 720 aircraft. Pacific Southwest Airlines (PSA) provided several flights within California from OAK using Boeing 727 and DC-9 aircraft. United Airlines introduced non-stop service to Chicago and on the San Francisco-Oakland-Los Angeles route using the Boeing 727 . During

282-680: A $ 100 million renovation of the Terminal 1 complex. The project included seismic architectural retrofits in central buildings, replacement and upgrading of infrastructure and improvement of the passenger environment. The project was completed in Spring 2017. In 2016, Norwegian Air Shuttle announced that nonstop flights would connect Oakland with London beginning the following spring. British Airways responded with their own service to London, with both airlines providing service to London's Gatwick Airport . American Airlines also returned and re-branded, following

376-598: A 2000 U.S. Census , over 87,000 people reside in the East Oakland area. East Oakland stretches between Lake Merritt in the northwest and San Leandro in the southeast. It generally has a diagonal layout. East Oakland has numbered avenues (1st to 109th) that run northeast to southwest, and numbered streets (East 7th to East 38th) that run northwest to southeast. Interstates 580 and 880 also run northwest to southeast. Main northwest–southeast thoroughfares include East 14th Street (renamed International Blvd. in 1996 within

470-418: A San Francisco Bay Area gateway, flying twice-weekly to Amsterdam , via a stop at Los Angeles International Airport . Arkefly provided 18 weeks of scheduled service in the summer of 2012. The airline followed with a similar schedule during the summer of 2013, before discontinuing service at OAK. In 2013, FedEx Express opened a $ 30 million upgrade of its hub facility at OAK, including additions to accommodate

564-523: A U.S. post office and a branch of the Oakland Public Library are also located in the district. Dimond has excellent freeway access and visibility from Interstate 580 . The intersection of Fruitvale Avenue and MacArthur Boulevard is also a major AC Transit hub including Transbay lines to San Francisco. Casual carpool service operates opposite a CalTrans park & ride lot on Montana Street. East Oakland, Oakland, California East Oakland

658-545: A commercial agreement with Southwest Airlines , until its merger with AirTran Airways in 2011. Malaysia-based AirAsia X honored its new partners, the Oakland Raiders of the National Football League (NFL). AirAsia X had one of their planes full of its executives and crew members "touch down" at OAK in acknowledgement of the to-be-announced sponsorship. AirAsia executives had new optimism that service between

752-551: A daily flight to Honolulu a month later. Skybus Airlines stopped flying to Columbus, OH when it ended operations on April 5. American Airlines and Continental Airlines both dropped Oakland on September 3, United Airlines ended service to Los Angeles on November 2. Following the years of the Great Recession , during which a few airlines were either liquidated ( ATA Airlines and Aloha Airlines ), or consolidated business to San Francisco International Airport , OAK started

846-600: A decrease in their populations by 24% and 16% respectively. Nonetheless, African Americans predominate in East Oakland, where they represent over 54% of East Oakland's residents. The deep east side has a population of roughly 15,000 residents and is 63% African American thus maintaining the highest concentration of African Americans in Northern California and the highest concentration of African Americans in California outside of Los Angeles . The Foothill Square neighborhood in East Oakland, located off of MacArthur Blvd., has

940-494: A gradual recovery, which has continued through 2017. In 2009, Allegiant Air moved operations from San Francisco International Airport, before designating OAK as a focus city. After the bankruptcies of ATA and Aloha Airlines, Alaska Airlines and Hawaiian Airlines replaced their nonstop services to Hawaii. In the same year, Volaris began service to OAK as their first destination in the San Francisco Bay Area and held

1034-437: A higher risk for diabetes, obesity, and other health problems. YPAR 2.0 is a method of conducting research done by the youth in the community to try and address the problems they and their families face. By going across East Oakland and classifying it as a food desert and critiquing the limited access to healthy food, they pushed for liquor and corner stores to have fresh produce and nutritious staple foods visible and affordable to

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1128-589: A lower life expectancy, relative to nearby neighborhoods like Alameda County, approximating 72 years. Amongst the heavily populated races present within Oakland , Hispanics lead in life expectancy, averaging 82 years. African Americans and Whites typically average 67–68 years within Oakland, while Asians live nearly 78 years. Conversely, there is a high all-cause mortality rate amongst the East Oakland community, leading in cancer, stroke, heart disease, and homicide death rates. It

1222-406: A merger with US Airways ; the latter previously had a short-term presence at OAK, following a separate merger with America West Airlines during the previous decade. Southwest Airlines inaugurated nonstop flights from Oakland to Mexico for the airline's first international nonstop flights from OAK. The additional routes also gave the airline a combined total of 30 year-round and seasonal flights at

1316-468: A renovated and expanded security screening area. As part of this program, airport roadways, curbsides and parking lots were also renovated by the end of 2008. In 2008, Oakland saw a series of cutbacks due to high fuel costs and airline bankruptcies, more than other Bay Area airports. In just a few days, Oakland's numerous non-stops to Hawaii were eliminated following the liquidation of ATA Airlines and Aloha Airlines , although Hawaiian Airlines started

1410-467: A third passenger terminal. This project is in the early stages of planning, with a draft environmental report published in the summer of 2023. The third passenger terminal would be built with up to 25 new gates. Terminals 1 and 2 would be condensed into a single terminal, with fewer gates, shared ticketing, baggage handling, and security. Additionally, customs facilities will be expanded to accommodate additional international flights. A connector will connect

1504-442: Is $ 16,800, whereas non-enrolled Hispanics receive a median annual income of $ 19,200. The average family household enrolled in health insurance amongst Hispanics is approximately 4-6 people. Along with the socioeconomic disparities that people in East Oakland face, is the issue of food scarcity. East Oakland is considered a food desert because of the lack of access to affordable, healthy, fresh food. Some studies have found that food

1598-418: Is a geographical region of Oakland, California, United States , that stretches between Lake Merritt in the northwest and San Leandro in the southeast. As the southeastern portion of the city, East Oakland takes up the largest portion of the city's land area. The area is a major hub of Northern California's black community, with over 50% of East Oakland's inhabitants being black. According to figures from

1692-847: Is a greater onset of chronic diseases, accounting for 64% of deaths primarily in cancer, heart diseases, Alzheimer's, stroke, and respiratory diseases. As an effort to improve these existing conditions, East Oakland has become one of 14 different site across the state of California to participate in a 10-year comprehensive community initiative dedicated to improving and supporting a healthy community through active collaborations among youths, residents, and community partners within three Action Teams: Health Happens in Schools, Health Happens in Neighborhoods and Health Happens through Culture, Arts, Storytelling & Healing. Adults in East Oakland are more likely to visit emergency rooms than go to doctor's visits within

1786-531: Is a multicultural neighborhood where the hills meet the flatlands and is a unique melting pot of cultures and social classes. Dimond Park is located in the district. It is named after Hugh Dimond, who came to California during the Gold Rush and purchased the land comprising the district in 1867. In 1897 he built a cottage that used the adobe bricks from the Peralta family's 1827 home. The bricks were used again to build

1880-407: Is accessible by private automobile from Interstate 880 (Nimitz Freeway) which is 2 miles (3 km) away via Hegenberger Road or 98th Avenue heading west. Both roads converge into Airport Road before looping in front of the terminal entrances. Doolittle Drive ( State Route 61 ) crosses both Hegenberger Road and 98th Avenue just to the east of where they converge into Airport Road, providing access to

1974-408: Is also a diverse Asian population, including Chinese, Vietnamese, Lao, and other southeast Asian ethnic groups generally inhabit the area of East Oakland closest to downtown, from Chinatown east to San Antonio . Asians make up smaller percentage of only 4% of the population, but between 1990 and 2000 saw an increase of 13%. Between 1990 and 2000 both the white and black population of East Oakland saw

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2068-782: Is an international airport in Oakland, California , United States. The airport is located 7 miles (11 km) south of Downtown Oakland and 12 miles (19 km) east of San Francisco , serving the East Bay of the San Francisco Bay Area . The airport is owned by the Port of Oakland and has domestic passenger flights to cities throughout the United States and international flights to Mexico , El Salvador , and Portugal , in addition to cargo flights to China and Japan . The airport covers 2,600 acres (1,100 ha) of land. The airport

2162-537: Is an operating base for Southwest Airlines , which operates point-to-point routes with bases instead of a traditional network with hubs. The city of Oakland looked into the construction of an airport starting in 1925. The announcement of the Dole Air Race for a flight from California to Hawaii provided the incentive to purchase 680 acres (280 ha) in April 1927 for the airport. The 7,020-foot-long (2,140 m) runway

2256-490: Is at fair or poor health, relative to Alameda County 's 15% and California's 16%. Similar patterns are also prevalent in children ages 0–17, with approximately 48% of children diagnosed with obesity, compared to 29% within the state of California. 13% of children in East Oakland also experience fair or poor health, a rate much higher than that of California (7%) or Alameda County (5%). Amongst older adults, due to increases in disabilities (accounting for 42% of disabilities), there

2350-406: Is found that communities and families of lower socioeconomic status typically experience higher mortality rates and lower survival rates compared to those from higher socioeconomic status. East Oakland displays a significantly higher rate of common health conditions, with residents cumulatively experiencing 32% obesity, compared to 21% amongst all of California. Nearly 32% of adults in the community

2444-411: Is situated among several of Oakland's neighborhoods including Oakmore , Glenview , and Lincoln Highlands . National (e.g. Safeway , CVS Pharmacy , Peet's Coffee & Tea ) and regional retailers (e.g. Farmer Joe's Marketplace, Grand Lake Kitchen) are mingled with locally-owned retail outlets, Dimond Tax Services and mom-and-pop restaurants including La Farine, a French bakery. Major national banks,

2538-671: The Boeing 737 MAX by both Southwest and American, the "restructuring" of schedules by airlines, and a lack of demand all contribute to this. British Airways ended service in October 2018. Level moved its operations to SFO , as did Norwegian Air Shuttle for its seven routes serving OAK. Southwest Airlines ended systemwide service with Newark Liberty International Airport in November 2019, followed by discontinuing three more routes with OAK effective January 2020. Three other routes are currently suspended by Southwest until further notice, while American did

2632-543: The Boy Scout hut that is still standing in Dimond Park. Oakland's Camp Dimond was located at the head of Dimond Canyon where the present day Montera Middle School is located. Dimond was originally a settlement distinct from Oakland, in an area called Dimond Canyon. The Dimond post office was opened in 1891 and by 1908 had become a branch of the Oakland post office. The district is home to several historic buildings, including

2726-520: The Economic Development Administration (EDA) declared that they would no longer fund large businesses or facilities but rather focus on creating jobs for the unemployed and poor, which in Oakland meant the ethnic minorities. A few years later, in 1978, California passes Proposition 13 which limited the addition of new or increased property taxes and protected property owners against inflation driven increases in assessed valuation. When

2820-738: The Key System 's streetcars, the Elmhurst Carhouse. Chevrolet opened an auto assembly plant in Elmhurst in 1915, which shut down in the 1960s. Located near the Oakland International Airport . The main streets are 98th Avenue and Edes Avenue. The Brookfield District is located from 85th Avenue to 98th Avenue. Brookfield Village stops at the Union Pacific (formerly Southern Pacific ) train tracks after Railroad Avenue. Brookfield Village

2914-575: The Lionel J. Wilson Terminal 2, with seven gates for PSA and AirCal service. In the mid-1980s, People Express Airlines provided scheduled Boeing 747 transcontinental flights from OAK to Newark. SFO Helicopter Airlines served scheduled passenger flights between SFO and the Oakland Convention Center from OAK for many years until 1985. In 1987, British Airways and Air France Concorde visited Oakland to provide supersonic two-hour flights to

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3008-665: The Oakland Zoo , the Oakland Coliseum and Oakland Arena . East Oakland is a section of Oakland that has experienced many changes to its population as the West attracted immigrants in search of employment. Oakland was declared a city in 1852 where it was prominently populated by people who made it to the west during the Gold Rush. The dominant races that had relocated to the East Bay during

3102-727: The Vietnam War , World Airways shuttled thousands of military passengers through Oakland to their bases in Southeast Asia, and an international arrivals facility was built, allowing the airport to handle international flights for the first time. World Airways had broken ground on the World Air Center at Oakland International Airport. The maintenance hangar could store four Boeing 747s . It opened in May 1973. During its operation, World Airways provided contract maintenance services for 14 airlines in

3196-452: The Altenheim, originally a retirement home for German Americans . The current structure was built in 1909 according to a design by San Francisco architect Oscar Haupt, after the original structure was destroyed by fire. Every October the district celebrates "Oaktoberfest", saluting the area's German heritage with beer, food, and entertainment in a tented beer hall. The Dimond Business District

3290-737: The FBO at OAK was the first in the Bay Area and the twelfth location added to Landmark's network in 2011. The FBO is centrally located at OAK's North Field in the Hangar 5 facility. Landmark has initiated a multimillion-dollar renovation project, having already upgraded the FBO terminal along with beginning hangar and property improvements. KaiserAir also provides FBO services at Oakland's North Field, performing maintenance on Gulfstream, Hawker, Cessna and other business jet aircraft. KaiserAir operates Kona Shuttle with flights to Hawaii and charter business jets. The airport

3384-602: The Ku Klux Klan which shows that even in the East Bay there was racial tension and segregation. In the 1920s, East Oakland was restricted from ethnic minorities unless they worked as servants for whites. Those who did not work as servants were hit by the Great Depression in the late 1920s and early 1930s which caused employment to drop by 41 percent in three years. In the 19th century, the Oakland-San Leandro Road

3478-515: The Pacific halfway to Hawaii and back to Oakland. Additionally, Concorde returned for a special around-the-world trip covering 38,215 miles over a three-week tour in March 1989. FedEx Express opened an air cargo base at OAK in 1988, which is now one of the busiest air freight terminals in the United States. In the 1990s, Southwest Airlines opened a crew base in Oakland, and expanded its flights to become

3572-470: The U.S. and the airline's main base in Kuala Lumpur , could possibly happen earlier than originally expected, but has yet to come to fruition as of 2020. In 2009, OAK had the highest on-time arrival percentage among the 40 busiest North American airports. In 2011, Spirit Airlines returned to OAK after several years of absence, eventually flying a combined total of seven year-round and seasonal routes by

3666-482: The United Air Lines training center in 1945. In 1943 the U.S. Armed Forces temporarily took over Oakland Airport and opened Naval Air Station Oakland . It was transformed into an airlift base for military flights to the Pacific islands, ordering all scheduled services to move to San Francisco International Airport . After the war, airlines slowly returned to Oakland; Western Airlines began flights in 1946, and

3760-434: The airline's new Boeing 777 Freighter fleet. In 2014, Norwegian Air Shuttle announced its first two year-round flights to Stockholm and Oslo airport, using Boeing 787-8 aircraft seating 291 passengers operated by Norwegian Long Haul . The flights were the first-ever nonstop services offered from the two Scandinavian capitals to the San Francisco Bay Area, providing several connections throughout Europe. The Oslo flight

3854-496: The airport announced that it was changing its official name from Metropolitan Oakland International Airport to San Francisco Bay Oakland International Airport . The Port of Oakland Board of Commissioners approved the new name on April 11. Among the reasons given for the change were that many travelers do not understand that the City of Oakland is part of the Bay Area and that its airport directly faces San Francisco Bay . Another reason

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3948-448: The airport as of early 2017. In 2017, Norwegian Air Shuttle announced nonstop flights connecting Oakland with Copenhagen on a seasonal basis from March 28, and Oakland with Barcelona from June 7 to operate year-round. Level , a new carrier owned by IAG , responded with their own Barcelona service, started flights initially operated by IAG partner Iberia on June 2, with both airlines providing service to Barcelona El Prat Airport . In

4042-481: The airport in about eight minutes with an on-time performance of more than 99 percent. A fare surcharge is added for trips to or from Oakland International Airport. The Oakland Airport Connector Project is largely attributable to the work of former BART director and port commissioner Carole Ward Allen who was responsible for securing local, state, and federal funding for the project. Ward Allen advocated for its approval before several transportation authorities endorsed

4136-494: The airport's dominant passenger carrier. The airport has international arrival facilities, including U.S. Customs and Border Protection office. The 1990s saw a rise of low-cost carriers serving Oakland, Morris Air (later merged into Southwest Airlines ), and MarkAir to name a few, provided several domestic destinations from OAK. During the 1990s, tour operator SunTrips contracted Aerocancun and Leisure Air to provide scheduled charter flights from OAK to sun destinations during

4230-485: The area. Additionally, the majority of the population of East Oakland are Latinos and African Americans, both groups who have higher predisposition to alcohol-related diseases. As far as the stores that do sell food, a study by YPAR (Youth Participatory Action Research) 2.0 showed that the most available foods were chips, soda, and candy. Because it is cheap and available, these are the foods that people buy although they have little to no nutritional value and make people at

4324-412: The bay at San Francisco International Airport (SFO). Oakland International Airport began a $ 300 million expansion and renovation project in 2004, including adding five gates in Terminal 2. The new concourse partially opened in the fall of 2006, was fully opened by the spring of 2007, and a new baggage claim in Terminal 2 opened in the summer of 2006. The former Terminal 2 baggage claim has been replaced by

4418-404: The benefit of the lower prices, and going forward would pay less in taxes than if prices had not dropped. By the late 1960s buyers in East Oakland were taking advantage of several government backed loan programs to purchase houses. These programs had reduced rates or reduced qualifications, enabling people to buy homes who may not have qualified for conventional financing. Those arguing that this

4512-472: The changes in state funding to housing and the movement of impoverished groups in the 1930s, East Oakland became an area where poorer people lived which also resulted in a major loss of industry as businesses and markets started to close down and relocate to more financially sustainable areas. As time went on, supermarkets and other businesses saw East Oakland as an “undesirable place for residential and commercial investment” so few new stores opened up in place of

4606-432: The city of Oakland only), MacArthur Blvd., Foothill Blvd., Bancroft Avenue, and San Leandro Street (being the main one for commercial vehicles). Main northeast-southwest thoroughfares include Fruitvale Ave., 35th Ave., High St., Seminary Ave., 73rd Ave. (which becomes Hegenberger Road south of International Blvd. to Oakland International Airport ), and 98th Ave. East Oakland is home to Holy Names University , Mills College ,

4700-532: The city, such as San Leandro, Hayward and Walnut Creek . In the 1950s and 1960s, most areas of East Oakland still remained predominantly White. In 1962 construction began on the MacArthur Freeway (580) and providing an alternative route to the Nimitz Freeway. Although some Blacks were displaced when the right of way was cleared, most of the right of way through predominantly White neighborhoods. In 1969

4794-548: The city, there was push back from the Apartment House Owners Association and the Real Estate Board to build more housing so there were only five hundred public housing units built which also resulted in the destruction of other temporary housing units which displaced a large number of immigrants who had been living in them. Immigrants were forced to live in overcrowded quarters and even started sleeping on

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4888-400: The coast and in the bay specifically. Because this was shortly after the great depression, many people were unemployed and looking for work, which was in abundance in the Oakland shipyard. Rather than an influx of whites, the new rush caused a surge of racial minorities which caused a restructuring of the demographics in the area. With the increase of workers, a housing crisis soon followed. In

4982-457: The consolidated terminal with the new terminal. A net gain of 16 gates could be added. Also as part of the project, OAK plans to reconfigure cargo facilities and improve roadways, parking, and other support facilities. Oakland International Airport has two terminals with a total of 29 gates. The terminals are connected at post-security and gate areas, enabling arriving passengers to go straight to their connecting flights without having to re-enter

5076-416: The downtown to live in the "underserved" East Oakland formerly occupied by working- and middle-class Whites. This narrative confuses Blacks displaced from West Oakland and later by BART construction, with the small population of Blacks living in downtown Oakland, which was a commercial area ,]The mayor at the time, Lionel Wilson, who was the first African American mayor, elected the year prior in 1977, combatted

5170-486: The early 1990s. TAESA and Mexicana Airlines also flew between Oakland and cities in Mexico for many years. In the past Tower Air and Corsairfly flew Orly Airport to OAK to Papeete , Tahiti; Martinair flew to Schiphol Airport ; and CityBird flew to Brussels Airport . United Airlines vacated its 300,000 sq ft (30,000 m ) Oakland Maintenance Center in May 2003 and transferred work to its base across

5264-402: The facility. By 1988, World Airways vacated the Oakland maintenance base and moved its headquarters to Washington Dulles . That same year, United Airlines assumed the lease on the maintenance base. After the war, Oakland's traffic slumped, but airline deregulation prompted several low-fare carriers to begin flights. This increase prompted the airport to build a $ 16.3 million second terminal,

5358-594: The globe. Boeing Air Transport (a predecessor of United Airlines ) began scheduled flights to Oakland in December 1927. It was joined by Trans World Airlines (TWA) in 1932. In 1929 Boeing opened the Boeing School of Aeronautics on the field, which expanded rapidly in 1939 as part of the Civilian Pilot Training Program . Thousands of pilots and mechanics were trained before the facility was changed into

5452-571: The heart of East Oakland, were a part of the Lincoln Highway , the first transcontinental highway, from 1913 until 1927. In the spring of 1943, there was an increase of immigrants to the Bay Area as a result of World War II; this time is called “the Second Gold Rush”. After the attack on Pearl Harbor, the US government invested large sums of money on defense which created new jobs and opportunities on

5546-462: The highest concentration of African American residents of any Oakland neighborhood, at 75.4%. Though the population of whites had decreased, they still made up 4% of the population. With the increase of the population between 1990 and 2000 the number of households in the area increased by 3.4%. The residents work in all kinds of job areas including service, sales, transportation, construction, and even management and professional positions while 9.1% of

5640-462: The highest users of the emergency department, with 15% enrolled in governmental programs whilst consisting of 43% of frequent ER users. Amongst elderly adults, rising numbers in disabilities have resulted in increased hospital emergency visits. Heart disease, leading in chronic diseases amongst elders, accounts for over 19,500 hospitalizations each year. However, racial, linguistic, cultural, and cost barriers continue to influence level of access amongst

5734-607: The largest overhaul and maintenance operations in the country when Aircraft Engine and Maintenance Company (AEMCO) processed thousands of aircraft. The airport's first Jet Age terminal (now Terminal 1) was designed by John Carl Warnecke & Associates and opened in 1962, part of a $ 20 million expansion on bay fill that included the 10,000-foot (3048 m) runway 11/29 (now 12/30). The May 1963 OAG showed 15 airline flights arriving in Oakland each day, including nine from San Francisco; in June 1963, TWA flew Oakland's first scheduled jet,

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5828-500: The late 1840s were Caucasian, Chinese, Mexican, and African American. By 1910, Oakland had the largest African American population in the East Bay because it tripled in the previous decade as a result of fires and earthquakes in the surrounding areas. Despite the new influx of African Americans, the East Oakland hills were known as “the Bible Belt” because of the white, Protestant community that occupied those houses. This area supported

5922-586: The members of the community. As a result, stores responded and started to sell fresh produce from local farmers and receive deliveries twice a week for fresh produce. A list of notable people who have lived or currently live in East Oakland: 37°46′N 122°12′W  /  37.77°N 122.2°W  / 37.77; -122.2 Oakland International Airport Oakland International Airport , officially Metropolitan Oakland International Airport , ( IATA : OAK , ICAO : KOAK , FAA LID : OAK )

6016-457: The months following, Norwegian announced in May the introduction of nonstop flights between Oakland and Rome Fiumicino started on February 6, 2018, and in July the introduction of nonstop flights between Oakland and Paris Charles de Gaulle began on April 10, 2018. Between mid-2018 and early 2020, OAK had both lost and was losing domestic and international nonstop routes; the indefinite grounding of

6110-489: The music industry without the assistance of a major record company. The sound of the music was different from East Coast hip hop, which is known for its technique of sampling and looping to create a song. Instead, funk and blues were infused with synthesizers and drum machines, giving birth to the Bay Area hip hop sound known as Mobb music . Today, mainstream hip-hop continues to lyrically and musically incorporate much of what

6204-492: The name change. The city attorney of San Francisco , which owns SFO, has filed a federal trademark lawsuit against Oakland for the decision. The Port of Oakland has filed a countersuit, pointing out even SFO is not technically located in San Francisco, but rather San Mateo County . On November 12, 2024, U.S. Magistrate Judge Thomas S. Hixson granted SFO's motion for a preliminary injunction and ordered OAK to stop using

6298-510: The nearby city of Alameda . Bay Area Rapid Transit (BART) serves the airport at Oakland International Airport station via the Oakland Airport Connector , which is an automated guideway transit (AGT) line connecting the airport to nearby Coliseum station , served by mainline BART trains and Amtrak . The AGT vehicles depart the station every five minutes during daily peak hours and are designed to transport travelers to and from

6392-466: The new immigrants were Chicano/Latino who had a growth between 150 and 400 percent in that decade. That same time saw a decline in the African American population between 17 and 31 percent. Fruitvale has become the backbone of Oakland's Latino community, in which East Oakland had a rapid increase of 132% of Latinos between 1990 and 2000. Latinos make up 38% of the population of East Oakland. There

6486-427: The ones that left. The smaller commercial stores that did stick around were forced to raise the prices of their food and focus more on selling alcohol and tobacco products to stay afloat. In the flatlands of East Oakland there are only four supermarkets and over 40 liquor stores. Alcohol was easy to sell and made the stores more money, but the number of liquor stores is proportional to the levels of crime in violence in

6580-593: The past year than many other counties in the Bay Area and in the entire state of California. In 2012, 35% of the community did not meet with their doctor, resulting in approximately 30% of residents taking advantage of the emergency room, relative to 13% in Alameda County and 18% in all of California . Amongst all ER visits, Blacks and Hispanics had the most frequent visits in 2011, with four times more visits compared to whites and Asian/Pacific Islanders. Furthermore, even when having healthcare coverage, Blacks continue to be

6674-491: The poor, underserved surrounding areas. With the new availability of jobs created by the EDA, between 1990 and 2000 more Latino and Asian (primarily Cambodian , Lao , and Chinese ) immigrants moved to Oakland and specifically Central East Oakland because of how cheap the cost of living was compared to the city. A census on overcrowding showed an increase from 17 to 27 percent because of the new people who moved there. The majority of

6768-413: The population is unemployed. For the whites who stayed, it was often because they were too poor to relocate and saw an unemployment rate of 30%. In dominantly African American neighborhoods, such as Central East Oakland, between 40-70% of the population were without high school diplomas. The Latino population had 50-70% without high school diplomas and 5% with college degrees. Asians saw a smaller amount of

6862-734: The population without education with 39.3% without high school diplomas and 22.8% with bachelor's degrees. East Oakland, together with West Oakland and portions of North Oakland , is a hub for Northern California 's African American community. Hip hop culture is associated with East Oakland. It is known within the hip hop community as "Oaktown", "O-Town" (old school names), or currently, "The Town". A number of East Bay rappers and singers such as Raphael Saadiq , Keak da Sneak , Dru Down , Too Short , Digital Underground , MC Hammer , Luniz , Hieroglyphics , Keyshia Cole , Philthy Rich , Db tha General , Shady Nate , and Bobby Brackins originated there. The prostitution, violence and drug culture of

6956-584: The population, almost 30% higher than that of California. In the elderly population, 98% of older adults within the entire Alameda County have health insurance. However, due to rising costs in medical care in recent decades, the California Health Interview Survey observed that 48.5% of adults age 60+ let go of their insurance coverage. Amongst Hispanics, nearly 74% were enrolled in government health insurance, such as Medi-Cal and Healthy Families. Median income amongst enrolled Hispanic families

7050-430: The population. East Oakland ranks amongst the lowest communities to provide healthcare coverage to adults and children. 52% of adults and 40% of children remain insured by private insurance companies, compared to 61% and 57% coverage throughout the state of California. East Oakland residents are one of the higher users of governmental health programs like Medi-Cal and Medicare, covering 27% of adults and 58% of children in

7144-406: The project, which created between 2,500 and 5,200 direct and indirect jobs. Some critics of the project argued that the money would be better spent on supporting existing local transit agencies, which had financial issues at the time. Three AC Transit routes directly serve the airport; Line 21 runs during the daytime and early evenings, Line 73 runs at all times, and Line 805 runs overnight as

7238-402: The property sold the assessed value could be increased to market value. Some have argued that this disadvantaged Blacks seeking to buy property if property values had increased. Some have also argued, post hoc propter hoc , that this somehow caused property values to decline as Whites moved out and Blacks moved in. If home prices declined as Whites departed, then Blacks buying those houses, had

7332-518: The region spawned a new subgenre of hip hop by the late 1980s. Rappers like Too Short incorporated drugs, violence, prostitution and gang life into their music, in sharp contrast to much of the East Coast hip hop of the day. Too Short was also one of the first rap artists to promote and sell records independently and is one of the pioneers responsible for the birth of Northern California's independent hip hop scene; leading other artists to pursue success in

7426-414: The regulation on property taxes by using many public resources to create investment in downtown Oakland which increased the cost of living in the city and pushed more poor and marginalized populations to surrounding areas such as East Oakland. This is one example of gentrification that has occurred in the city and makes the cost of living higher in the city so the original residents are forced to relocate to

7520-676: The same during summer 2019 for service with Dallas/Fort Worth International Airport . Due to the COVID-19 pandemic , JetBlue withdrew operations from OAK in April 2020 while American Airlines withdrew in early June 2020. However, some traffic is returning. In December 2022 Volaris El Salvador announced nonstop flights connecting Oakland with San Salvador beginning the following spring of 2023. In late summer of 2023, Avianca El Salvador announced seasonal nonstop service from Oakland to San Salvador . In September 2023, Viva Aerobus announced nonstop service between Oakland and Monterrey . In 2024,

7614-451: The security check. All non-pre-cleared international flights are processed in Terminal 1. JSX is housed in a facility separate from the main passenger terminals. Oakland International Airport has four runways . Changes to Earth's magnetic field required runways 27 and 29 to be renamed 28 and 30 in 2013. A taxiway that connects the north and south runways passes over Ron Cowan Parkway, forming an aircraft bridge . More than 95% of

7708-426: The streets because the housing that was being built was reserved for whites so minorities were pushed out of the city and forced to relocate to the outskirts of East Oakland. With the redistribution of living, this area, known as Brooklyn (until it was also annexed by the city in 1909) became the backbone of Oakland's African American community and caused an exodus of more prosperous whites to suburbs south and east of

7802-519: The summer of 2017. Oakland International Airport also celebrated its 85th anniversary in 2011, commemorating the first transpacific crossing by air from OAK to Hawaii, which took place on June 29, 1927, in The Bird of Paradise , flown by Hegenberger and Maitland. In 2012 United Airlines pulled out of OAK, consolidating operations at San Francisco International Airport, its Bay Area hub. Arkefly (which later re-branded as TUI Airlines Netherlands) chose OAK as

7896-462: The time, winds in the area blow from the west or north, and aircraft arrive at Oakland from the southeast and depart to the northwest. On occasions when winds blow from the east or south, aircraft operate in the other direction, arriving from the northwest and departing to the southeast. Signature Flight Support is the primary fixed-base operator (FBO) at San Francisco Bay Oakland International Airport. Before BBA Aviation acquired Landmark Aviation,

7990-466: The words "San Francisco Bay" in its name while the case remained pending (that is, through trial on the merits of the parties' claims). OAK handled 13.38 million passengers in 2019 but is projecting passenger numbers to reach 20 million by 2028, and 25 million by 2035. To handle this expected growth, the Port of Oakland is eyeing a major expansion to consolidate and modernize existing terminals while creating

8084-457: Was a county road connecting Oakland with San Leandro . Along this road, small settlements developed such as Melrose, Elmhurst and Fitchburg. All these were annexed by the city of Oakland after the 1906 San Francisco earthquake. After annexation, the Oakland-San Leandro Road was renamed East 14th Street which lasted for most of the 20th century, until it was renamed International Blvd. Both Foothill Boulevard and MacArthur Boulevard, which run through

8178-495: Was all to the disadvantage of Blacks, are those who advocate using property taxes to pay for programs specifically aimed at the Black population. An argument that continues to be made by local and state politicians. . [ The following paragraph reflects political and social ideas but not objective history. It nicely captures the circular reasoning that pervades Oakland politics and city programs to this day. Poor Blacks are pushed out of

8272-469: Was built during the early 1900s. It later had a home-building boom during World War II in response to the influx of workers needed for the war industries, on land which had been zoned for industrial uses. In the 1990s, the neighborhood held an annual summer get-together called the Never Worry Picnic as a contrast to a crime rate that is 191% higher than the national average. East Oakland experiences

8366-412: Was considered one of the highest priorities and came second to shelter. The participants claim that they knew how to eat healthy and about the importance of a nutritious diet, but the availability and cost of the food outweighed potential health outcomes. The people were more concerned about getting enough food that they would not starve rather than focusing on the nutrition of what they were eating. With

8460-527: Was followed by American Airlines , TWA, United, Transocean Air Lines and Pacific Southwest Airlines (PSA) . Oakland became a larger center for non-scheduled and supplemental air carriers: some of the largest such companies were based and headquartered in Oakland including Transocean Air Lines , World Airways , Trans International Airlines , Universal Airlines and Saturn Airways . Other large supplemental carriers, such as United States Overseas Airlines , had operational bases in Oakland. Oakland became one of

8554-535: Was later changed to a seasonal schedule. A long-proposed extension of the BART system to the airport opened on November 22, 2014, connecting the BART Coliseum station with a station in the parking lot opposite of the airport terminals. The new system consists of a mostly elevated structure, running the length of Hegenberger Road. In May 2015, Oakland International Airport's Moving Modern program construction commenced

8648-406: Was pioneered in East Oakland. Elmhurst was originally a separate town, it was annexed by Oakland in 1909, and today is considered part of East Oakland. Although it was historically a white working-class neighborhood, it became predominantly African American after World War II, and today, Latinos now form about half of Elmhurst's population. Elmhurst was the site of one of the large carbarns for

8742-620: Was the longest in the world at the time and was built in just 21 days ahead of the Dole race start. The airport was dedicated by Charles Lindbergh on September 17. In its early days, because of its long runway enabling safe takeoff rolls for fuel-heavy aircraft, Oakland was the departing point of several historic flights, including Charles Kingsford Smith 's historic US-Australia flight in 1928 and Amelia Earhart 's final flight in 1937. Earhart departed from this airport when she made her final, ill-fated voyage, intending to return there after circumnavigating

8836-513: Was to reduce the long-running confusion between OAK and Auckland Airport in Auckland , New Zealand . The confusion has been especially severe for Chinese-speaking travelers, because the two cities' names are written identically in simplified Chinese ("奥克兰") and must be distinguished by context. On May 9, the Oakland Board of Port Commissioners unanimously voted and granted final approval for

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