108-465: Dhaka Wanderers Club ( Bengali : ঢাকা ওয়ান্ডারার্স ক্লাব ) is a Bangladeshi professional football club from Motijheel area of Dhaka , Bangladesh . It currently competes in the Bangladesh Premier League , the top flight of Bangladeshi football , having gained promotion from the 2023–24 Bangladesh Championship League . The Wanderers are one of the oldest and most successful clubs in
216-538: A 1–1 draw. The club were eventually relegated from the Premier Division in 2005, finishing eight with 13 points from 18 games. On 20 September 2005, the club formed a two-member inquiry committee including vice-president Mohammad Mohon and hockey secretary Mohammad Kamrul Islam Kismat in order to investigate their relegation. In 2007, the club appointed former captain and general secretary Manzur Hasan Mintu as their president. In 2008, Wanderers began participating in
324-492: A bid to lessen this burden on young learners, efforts have been made by educational institutions in the two main Bengali-speaking regions (West Bengal and Bangladesh) to address the opaque nature of many consonant clusters, and as a result, modern Bengali textbooks are beginning to contain more and more "transparent" graphical forms of consonant clusters, in which the constituent consonants of a cluster are readily apparent from
432-590: A different word from a speaker of Standard Bengali in Bangladesh, even though both words are of native Bengali descent. For example, the word salt is লবণ lôbôṇ in the east which corresponds to নুন nun in the west. Bengali exhibits diglossia , though some scholars have proposed triglossia or even n-glossia or heteroglossia between the written and spoken forms of the language. Two styles of writing have emerged, involving somewhat different vocabularies and syntax : Linguist Prabhat Ranjan Sarkar categorises
540-480: A diphthong. The total number of diphthongs is not established, with bounds at 17 and 31. An incomplete chart is given by Sarkar (1985) of the following: In standard Bengali, stress is predominantly initial. Bengali words are virtually all trochaic ; the primary stress falls on the initial syllable of the word, while secondary stress often falls on all odd-numbered syllables thereafter, giving strings such as in সহযোগিতা shô -hô- jo -gi- ta "cooperation", where
648-516: A goalless draw against Bff Elite Academy on 24 April 2024. This marked their return to the top flight after 19 years and their first-ever participation in the Premier League. On 29 July 2024, Kazi Shahidullah Liton was again elected as the club president following an uncontested election. Following the Non-cooperation movement on 5 August 2024, Liton distanced himself from the club, prompting
756-672: A large scale and were communally limited. Owing to Bengal's geographic location, Bengali areas bordering non-Bengali regions have been influenced by each other. Small numbers of people in Midnapore , which borders Odisha , have used the Odia script to write in Bengali. In the border areas between West Bengal and Bihar , some Bengali communities historically wrote Bengali in Devanagari , Kaithi and Tirhuta . In Sylhet and Bankura , modified versions of
864-660: A majority in Bangladesh speaks dialects notably different from SCB. Some dialects, particularly those of the Chittagong region, bear only a superficial resemblance to SCB. The dialect in the Chittagong region is least widely understood by the general body of Bengalis. The majority of Bengalis are able to communicate in more than one variety – often, speakers are fluent in Cholitobhasha (SCB) and one or more regional dialects. Even in SCB,
972-711: A part in the adoption of the English alphabet to write Bengali, with certain social media influencers publishing entire novels in Roman Bengali. Ashraf Chowdhury Ashraf Chowdhury ( Bengali : আশরাফ চৌধুরী ; c. 1935 – 28 December 1998) was a former Bangladeshi football player and coach. Ashraf was born in Daudkandi Upazila of Comilla District , British India . On 14 August 1947, he played for Lalmonirhat High School during an exhibition match against East Pakistan Railway. His performances led him to represent
1080-545: A playoff final resulted in the league title being awarded to Wanderers. Following their final First Division title in 1960, the rest of the decade saw Mohammedan's dominance. Notably, Wanderers lost the prestigious Mohammad Ali Bogra Shield final in 1966, contested by the two Dhaka-based teams in Rawalpindi . Prior to the Independence of Bangladesh , both clubs had won seven Dhaka First Division League titles. However, following
1188-562: A rounded total of 280 million) worldwide. The Bengali language is native to the region of Bengal , which comprises the present-day nation of Bangladesh and the Indian state of West Bengal . Besides the native region it is also spoken by the Bengalis living in Tripura , southern Assam and the Bengali population in the Indian union territory of Andaman and Nicobar Islands . Bengali is also spoken in
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#17328804240421296-408: A special diacritic, called the hôsôntô (্) , may be added below the basic consonant grapheme (as in ম্ [m] ). This diacritic, however, is not common and is chiefly employed as a guide to pronunciation. The abugida nature of Bengali consonant graphemes is not consistent, however. Often, syllable-final consonant graphemes, though not marked by a hôsôntô , may carry no inherent vowel sound (as in
1404-575: A state language of the then Dominion of Pakistan . On 21 February 1952, five students and political activists were killed during protests near the campus of the University of Dhaka ; they were the first ever martyrs to die for their right to speak their mother tongue. In 1956, Bengali was made a state language of Pakistan. 21 February has since been observed as Language Movement Day in Bangladesh and has also been commemorated as International Mother Language Day by UNESCO every year since 2000. In 2010,
1512-463: A vowel in isolation from any preceding or following consonant, the independent form of the vowel is used. For example, in মই [moj] "ladder" and in ইলিশ [iliʃ] "Hilsa fish", the independent form of the vowel ই is used (cf. the dependent form ি) . A vowel at the beginning of a word is always realised using its independent form. In addition to the inherent-vowel-suppressing hôsôntô , three more diacritics are commonly used in Bengali. These are
1620-494: Is Bangladesh's national march, written by The National Poet Kazi Nazrul Islam in Bengali in 1928. It was adopted as the national marching song by the Bangladeshi government in 1972. Additionally, the first two verses of Vande Mataram , a patriotic song written in Bengali by Bankim Chandra Chatterjee , was adopted as the "national song" of India in both the colonial period and later in 1950 in independent India. Furthermore, it
1728-536: Is a classical Indo-Aryan language from the Indo-European language family native to the Bengal region of South Asia. With over 237 million native speakers and another 41 million as second language speakers as of 2024, Bengali is the fifth most spoken native language and the seventh most spoken language by the total number of speakers in the world. It is the fifth most spoken Indo-European language . Bengali
1836-468: Is a cursive script with eleven graphemes or signs denoting nine vowels and two diphthongs , and thirty-nine graphemes representing consonants and other modifiers. There are no distinct upper and lower case letter forms. The letters run from left to right and spaces are used to separate orthographic words . Bengali script has a distinctive horizontal line running along the tops of the graphemes that links them together called মাত্রা matra . Since
1944-400: Is an abugida , a script with letters for consonants, with diacritics for vowels, and in which an inherent vowel (অ ô ) is assumed for consonants if no vowel is marked. The Bengali alphabet is used throughout Bangladesh and eastern India (Assam, West Bengal, Tripura). The Bengali alphabet is believed to have evolved from a modified Brahmic script around 1000 CE (or 10th–11th century). It
2052-668: Is believed by many that the national anthem of Sri Lanka ( Sri Lanka Matha ) was inspired by a Bengali poem written by Rabindranath Tagore , while some even believe the anthem was originally written in Bengali and then translated into Sinhala . After the contribution made by the Bangladesh UN Peacekeeping Force in the Sierra Leone Civil War under the United Nations Mission in Sierra Leone ,
2160-699: Is considered a separate language, although it shares similarities to Northern Bengali dialects. During the standardisation of Bengali in the 19th century and early 20th century, the cultural centre of Bengal was in Kolkata , a city founded by the British. What is accepted as the standard form today in both West Bengal and Bangladesh is based on the West-Central dialect of Nadia and Kushtia District . There are cases where speakers of Standard Bengali in West Bengal will use
2268-404: Is known as Apabhraṃśa , by the end of the first millennium. The Bengali language evolved as a distinct language over the course of time. Though some archaeologists claim that some 10th-century texts were in Bengali, it is not certain whether they represent a differentiated language or whether they represent a stage when Eastern Indo-Aryan languages were differentiating. The local Apabhraṃśa of
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#17328804240422376-477: Is set out below in the International Phonetic Alphabet (upper grapheme in each box) and romanisation (lower grapheme). Bengali is known for its wide variety of diphthongs , combinations of vowels occurring within the same syllable . Two of these, /oi̯/ and /ou̯/ , are the only ones with representation in script, as ঐ and ঔ respectively. /e̯ i̯ o̯ u̯/ may all form the glide part of
2484-545: Is the official , national , and most widely spoken language of Bangladesh , with 98% of Bangladeshis using Bengali as their first language. It is the second-most widely spoken language in India . It is the official language of the Indian states of West Bengal and Tripura and the Barak Valley region of the state of Assam . It is also the second official language of the Indian state of Jharkhand since September 2011. It
2592-500: Is the most widely spoken language in the Andaman and Nicobar Islands in the Bay of Bengal , and is spoken by significant populations in other states including Bihar , Arunachal Pradesh , Delhi , Chhattisgarh , Meghalaya , Mizoram , Nagaland , Odisha and Uttarakhand . Bengali is also spoken by the Bengali diasporas ( Bangladeshi diaspora and Indian Bengalis) across Europe, North America,
2700-500: The Aesop's Fables in Bengali was printed using Roman letters based on English phonology by the Scottish linguist John Gilchrist . Consecutive attempts to establish a Roman Bengali have continued across every century since these times, and have been supported by the likes of Suniti Kumar Chatterji , Muhammad Qudrat-i-Khuda , and Muhammad Enamul Haq . The Digital Revolution has also played
2808-660: The Arabic , Persian , and Turkic languages . The arrival of merchants and traders from the Middle East and Turkestan into the Buddhist -ruling Pala Empire , from as early as the 7th century, gave birth to Islamic influence in the region. In the 13th century, subsequent Arab Muslim and Turco-Persian expeditions to Bengal heavily influenced the local vernacular by settling among the native population. Bengali absorbed Arabic and Persian influences in its vocabulary and dialect, including
2916-771: The BSSS Mostafa Kamal Stadium in Dhaka as their home venue. Wanderers have a long-standing rivalry with Dhaka Mohammedan , which dates back to the East Pakistan era, although its intensity has decreased over the years. The club's traditional home colours are black and white, similar to their arch-rivals. The club was established as the Dhaka Muslim Wanderers Club in 1937 in the Kalta Bazar market area of Dhaka , British regime . The founding members consisted of
3024-475: The Baitul Mukarram Mosque , angering local residents who set the tent ablaze, resulting in the loss of most of their trophies and documents. In 1966, the club's general secretary, Wazed Ali, was made vice-president, while Aga Yousuf served as the president. That year, Wanderers signed Muhammad Umer and Ghulam Abbas Baloch from Victoria on a permanent deal. On 7 July 1966, the club lost 0–2 to Mohammedan in
3132-476: The Bangladesh Liberation War , Wanderers struggled to compete with the financial power of EPIDC and Dhaka Abahani . Abahani eventually overtook Wanderers to become the country's second most successful club with 11 First Division titles, behind Mohammedan's 19. This placed Wanderers as the third most successful club in the country. In 1972, Wanderers faced Abahani in the first league season following
3240-468: The Constitution of Bangladesh states Bengali to be the sole official language of Bangladesh. The Bengali Language Implementation Act, 1987 , made it mandatory to use Bengali in all records and correspondences, laws, proceedings of court and other legal actions in all courts, government or semi-government offices, and autonomous institutions in Bangladesh. It is also the de facto national language of
3348-564: The Kaithi script had some historical prominence, mainly among Muslim communities. The variant in Sylhet was identical to the Baitali Kaithi script of Hindustani with the exception of Sylhet Nagri possessing matra . Sylhet Nagri was standardised for printing in c. 1869 . Up until the 19th century, numerous variations of the Arabic script had been used across Bengal from Chittagong in
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3456-520: The Nadia region . Bengali shows a high degree of diglossia , with the literary and standard form differing greatly from the colloquial speech of the regions that identify with the language. Modern Bengali vocabulary is based on words inherited from Magadhi Prakrit and Pali, along with tatsamas and reborrowings from Sanskrit and borrowings from Persian , Arabic , Austroasiatic languages and other languages with which it has historically been in contact. In
3564-672: The Senior Division League , a merger of the Premier and First Division, which served as the second tier below the country's first professional football league, the Bangladesh Premier League . The club finished sixth that season, led by their striker Hirok Joarder. In the following decade, with the introduction of the second-tier professional league, the Bangladesh Championship League , the Senior Division, now serving as
3672-590: The University of Karachi (established by East Pakistani politicians before Independence of Bangladesh ) also offers regular programs of studies at the Bachelors and at the Masters levels for Bengali Literature. The national anthems of both Bangladesh ( Amar Sonar Bangla ) and India ( Jana Gana Mana ) were written in Bengali by the Bengali Nobel laureate Rabindranath Tagore . Notuner Gaan known as " Chol Chol Chol"
3780-499: The boldface represents primary and secondary stress. Native Bengali words do not allow initial consonant clusters ; the maximum syllabic structure is CVC (i.e., one vowel flanked by a consonant on each side). Many speakers of Bengali restrict their phonology to this pattern, even when using Sanskrit or English borrowings, such as গেরাম geram (CV.CVC) for গ্রাম gram (CCVC) "village" or ইস্কুল iskul (VC.CVC) for স্কুল skul (CCVC) "school". The Bengali-Assamese script
3888-557: The phonology of Eastern Bengali is seen through the lack of nasalised vowels and an alveolar articulation of what are categorised as the "cerebral" consonants (as opposed to the postalveolar articulation of western Bengal). Some varieties of Bengali, particularly Sylheti , Chittagonian and Chakma , have contrastive tone ; differences in the pitch of the speaker's voice can distinguish words. Kharia Thar and Mal Paharia are closely related to Western Bengali dialects, but are typically classified as separate languages. Similarly, Hajong
3996-608: The 16th century, Portuguese missionaries began a tradition of using the Roman alphabet to transcribe the Bengali language. Though the Portuguese standard did not receive much growth, a few Roman Bengali works relating to Christianity and Bengali grammar were printed as far as Lisbon in 1743. The Portuguese were followed by the English and French respectively, whose works were mostly related to Bengali grammar and transliteration. The first version of
4104-701: The 1996–97 season, the club finished runners-up in the Second Division and returned to the First Division . They finished fifth in their first season back in the First Division. However, they were once again relegated after finishing bottom of the league table with 4 points from 16 games in 1999. Eventually, the club returned to the First Division after finishing third in the 2002 Second Division League, behind Sheikh Russel KC and East End Club , with 37 points from 17 games. In July of that year, Wanderers returned to
4212-637: The 19th and 20th centuries, there were two standard forms of written Bengali: In 1948, the government of Pakistan tried to impose Urdu as the sole state language in Pakistan, giving rise to the Bengali language movement . This was a popular ethnolinguistic movement in the former East Bengal (today Bangladesh ), which arose as a result of the strong linguistic consciousness of the Bengalis and their desire to promote and protect spoken and written Bengali's recognition as
4320-576: The 6th century, which competed with the ancestor of Bengali for some time. The ancestor of Bengali was the language of the Pala Empire and the Sena dynasty . During the medieval period, Middle Bengali was characterised by the elision of the word-final অ ô and the spread of compound verbs, which originated from the Sanskrit Schwa . Slowly, the word-final ô disappeared from many words influenced by
4428-475: The Aga Khan Gold Cup, acquiring Muhammad Umer , Ghulam Abbas Baloch , Abdul Ghafoor , Ghulam Hossain, Abdullah Rahi , Yusuf Jr., and Yusuf Sr. from defending champions Victoria, who had withdrawn from the tournament. Wanderers got off to a good start by defeating Police AC and Nepal XI 7–0, and Pakistan Western Railway 2–0. The club finished as group champions and went on to defeat Indonesia XI 5–0 in
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4536-451: The Bengali equivalent of a full stop – have been adopted from Western scripts and their usage is similar. Unlike in Western scripts (Latin, Cyrillic, etc.) where the letter forms stand on an invisible baseline, the Bengali letter-forms instead hang from a visible horizontal left-to-right headstroke called মাত্রা matra . The presence and absence of this matra can be important. For example,
4644-426: The Bengali script is an abugida, its consonant graphemes usually do not represent phonetic segments , but carry an "inherent" vowel and thus are syllabic in nature. The inherent vowel is usually a back vowel , either [ɔ] as in মত [m ɔ t] "opinion" or [o] , as in মন [m o n] "mind", with variants like the more open [ɒ] . To emphatically represent a consonant sound without any inherent vowel attached to it,
4752-540: The First Division and finished league champions in September, securing their return to the top-tier after a decade of absence. The club entered the Premier Division in 2003–04 season, with general secretary Mohammed Selim, promising to form a strong team. Nevertheless, Wanderers finished seventh in the ten team league, five points clear of relegation. Notably, the Wanderers held defending champions and former rivals Mohammedan to
4860-722: The Independence Day Cup. However, their league dominance was finally put to an end by arch-rivals, Mohammedan, who won their maiden First Division title that year. In 1958, the club finished outside of the top three as Azad Sporting Club clinched the league title. In 1960, Wanderers brought in Makrani players Lari and Murad Bakhsh , while also having a strong local contingent of Zakaria Pintoo , Patrick, Sekander Ali, Kazi Mobassar Hossain, Mari Chowdhury and Debinash Sangma . Other notable players included Rasool Bakhsh, Abdul Gafur Baloch , Yaqub, Leo Gomes and Ghulam Rabbani . Eventually,
4968-520: The Middle East and other regions. Bengali was accorded the status of a classical language by the government of India on 3 October 2024. It is the second most spoken and fourth fastest growing language in India , following Hindi in the first place, Kashmiri in the second place, and Meitei ( Manipuri ), along with Gujarati , in the third place, according to the 2011 census of India . Bengali has developed over more than 1,400 years. Bengali literature , with its millennium-old literary history,
5076-543: The Mohammad Ali Bogra Shield final held in Rawalpindi . The club also finished in third-place behind Mohammedan and EPIDC in the league. On 17 July, Wanderers played their derby match against Mohammedan and lost 0–1. Notably, the game was played as a charity match and raised Rs. 31,968 from ticket sales, which were used to aid Sylhet flood victims. On 14 August, Wanderers played out a 1–1 draw with Mohammedan to be crowned joint Independence Day Cup champions. In
5184-538: The area's Muslim youth community, including notable figures such as Yar Mohammed, Abdullah Hai, Siraj Uddin, Abdul Qader, Abdus Sadek Shona, Mohon, Abdus Sayeed Mutkar, Alauddin, Chan Mia, Shamsuddin Shaju, Jumman Bepari, and Shahabuddin. Among them, Yar Mohammed and Abdullah Hai served as the club's first president and secretary, respectively. The club initially concentrated exclusively on football but later broadened its scope to incorporate hockey and cricket teams. Following
5292-656: The authorities that year. On 15 August 1955, the club defeated I.G. Police XI 2–0 in the Pakistan Day Football Tournament final held in Dhaka. In the same year, the club again participated in the IFA Shield, where they eventually exited in the quarter-finals and, in turn, gained subcontinental recognition. In 1956, many key players from the club, including Amir Jang Ghaznavi , Fazlur Rahman Arzoo, Kabir Ahmed , Shoki Samad, Bahram and Ashraf Chowdhury, joined Mohammedan Sporting Club due to an internal conflict with
5400-536: The basis of modern standard colloquial Bengali. In the dialects prevalent in much of eastern and south-eastern Bangladesh ( Barisal , Chittagong , Dhaka and Sylhet Divisions of Bangladesh), many of the stops and affricates heard in West Bengal and western Bangladesh are pronounced as fricatives . Western alveolo-palatal affricates চ [ tɕɔ ] , ছ [ tɕʰɔ ] , জ [ dʑɔ ] correspond to eastern চ [tsɔ] , ছ [tsʰɔ~sɔ] , জ [dzɔ~zɔ] . The influence of Tibeto-Burman languages on
5508-516: The beginning of the club's domination of the domestic football scene over the next decade. The club won its maiden First Division title in 1950 and achieved successive league triumphs by 1951. The following year, in 1952, Bengal Government Press, led by Pakistan national team forward Chunna Rashid, stopped Wanderers from claiming their third consecutive league title. Nonetheless, in 1953, the club overhauled eventual runners-up Azad Sporting Club to clinch their third First Division title. In 1954, under
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#17328804240425616-529: The bottom and were only one point clear of the eventually relegated Shantinagar Club . In 1980, Wazed Ali Miazi, who had been with the club since 1938 and serving as general secretary for four years, departed. Eventually, the club moved their tent near the Motijheel police station. Following the Assassination of Sheikh Mujibur Rahman , and the onset of Military rule , the Wanderers, according to its officials at
5724-528: The captaincy of Abdur Rahim , Wanderers again won successive league titles. The club's center-forward Bahram also finished as the league top scorer, while their left-inside, Ashraf Chowdhury , finished second on the goal scorers list. In the same year, Wanderers traveled to West Bengal to participate in the IFA Shield held in Calcutta , India , exiting the tournament in the third round. In 1955, Wanderers became
5832-546: The casino's activities were controlled by AKM Mominul Haque Sayeed, who was at the time a commissioner of Dhaka South City Corporation Ward-9. Molla Mohammad Abu Kawser, the club's president and also the president of Awami League 's associate wing Swechasebak League , jointly ran the casino. On 26 September, seven cases were filed against Awami League leader and club director Enamul Haque Enu and his brother Rupon Bhuiyan. The brothers were eventually arrested on 13 January 2020. The club secretary Joy Gopal Sarkar, who allegedly began
5940-475: The club eventually lost their top-tier status at the start of the following year with the introduction of the new top-tier Premier Division League. The bottom 10 teams from the 1992 First Division League remained in the league , which began to serve below the Premier Division. In 1994, the club was relegated to the third-tier, the Second Division , marking an end to their 54-year stay in the First Division. In
6048-579: The club finished as runners-up in the First Division and were also joint champions of the Ronald Shield. The tournament final against Commilla Mohammedan, held at the Dhaka Sporting Association ground on 25 September 1949, ended in a 0–0 draw. The Wanderers' starting eleven consisted of Wazed Ali Miazi, Sheikh Shaheb Ali , Nur Mia, Mahbub, Nozor Mohammed, Soleman, Khan Mozlish Moharaja, Sadek, Yusuf Reza, and Shamsu. This joint cup triumph marked
6156-405: The club for two seasons. In 1954, after spending a year at Fire Service, Ashraf joined Dhaka Wanderers Club . He won the league title with the Wanderers in both 1954 and 1955. Ashraf also represented the club in the IFA Shield during both years. However, after a fallout with the club's officials, Ashraf, along with nine other Wanderers players, joined Dhaka Mohammedan in 1956. In 1957, Ashraf
6264-529: The club formed a 28-member executive committee, with Kazi Shahidullah Liton remaining as president, while Nizam Uddin Chowdhury Parvez and Kamal Hossain were elected as vice-president and general secretary, respectively. It was also revealed that Md Sumon Alam would serve as the club's football secretary. The club finished the 2021–22 season in ninth place and were only two points clear of relegation back to semi-professional football. The following season, under
6372-512: The club participated in the President's Gold Cup held in Karachi . In the same year, Wazed Ali Miazi was made the club's general secretary. However, the club failed to defend the league title, which was won by Mohammedan. The following season, the club disappointed, culminating in a 1–8 defeat to eventual league champions, Victoria Sporting Club . In 1963, the club formed a strong team to participate in
6480-660: The club to consecutive First Division titles in 1975 and 1976. In his second stint as head coach in 1978, Ashraf again helped the Black and Whites win the league title. In 1981, he coached Arambagh KS to a runners-up finish in Nepal's ANFA Cup . In 1998, Ashraf guided Prantik KC to the Dhaka Second Division League title. On 28 December 1998, only two weeks after receiving the National Sports Award , Ashraf died at
6588-565: The club was bound to be relegated to the Second Division. However, after the First Division was not held in 1991, the Bangladesh Football Federation decided against their relegation. Notably, from 1986–1988 and again from 1990–1992, former club captain Manzur Hasan Mintu served as the club's general secretary. In 1992, Wanderers finished fourteenth in the twenty-club league and were initially safe from relegation. However,
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#17328804240426696-483: The club's officials. Despite this, the club kept hold of center-half Nabi Chowdhury , who led a young team to their record fourth consecutive First Division title. Mohammedan, the initial favorites, finished as unbeaten runners-up and were tied on points with Wanderers. However, Mohammedan refused to play a playoff final, so the East Pakistan Sports Federation awarded the trophy to the Wanderers. On 14 August 1957, Wanderers tied 1–1 with Police AC to gain joint ownership of
6804-408: The club's promotion from the 2023–24 Bangladesh Championship League means they will have the opportunity to participate in the Premier League from the 2024–25 season . Note: Flags indicate national team as defined under FIFA eligibility rules . Players may hold more than one non-FIFA nationality. Dhaka Wanderers Club has a field hockey team that competes in the First Division Hockey League,
6912-427: The coaching of Arman Hossain, Wanderers finished seventh, five points clear of relegation. On 1 September 2023, the club premises were reopened after being under lockdown for almost four years. The club hired experienced coach Abu Yusuf and appointed long-time servant Jahid Hossain as club captain for the 2023–24 Championship League . They secured promotion to the Bangladesh Premier League as league runners-up after
7020-469: The consonant which comes first is put on top of or to the left of the one that immediately follows. In these ligatures, the shapes of the constituent consonant signs are often contracted and sometimes even distorted beyond recognition. In the Bengali writing system, there are nearly 285 such ligatures denoting consonant clusters. Although there exist a few visual formulas to construct some of these ligatures, many of them have to be learned by rote. Recently, in
7128-456: The country's independence. The match, where Abahani led 1-0, was suspended after Wanderers supporters entered the field and attacked the opposition players with wooden sticks. However, the club's fan base soon diminished with the rise of popular teams such as Abahani, Brothers Union , and Muktijoddha Sangsad KC in the late 70s and early 80s. Since the introduction of the Bangladesh Premier League , Wanderers have yet to face Mohammedan. However,
7236-455: The country. In India, Bengali is one of the 23 official languages . It is the official language of the Indian states of West Bengal , Tripura and in Barak Valley of Assam . Bengali has been a second official language of the Indian state of Jharkhand since September 2011. In Pakistan , Bengali is a recognised secondary language in the city of Karachi mainly spoken by stranded Bengalis of Pakistan . The Department of Bengali in
7344-407: The country. They won seven domestic First Division titles prior to the Independence of Bangladesh . The club also triumphed in the Independence Day Cup in both 1957 and 1966. In continental football, their greatest achievement remains a runners-up trophy in the 1963 Aga Khan Gold Cup . However, their only success post-independence was a runners-up finish in the 1987 Federation Cup . The club uses
7452-430: The development of Dobhashi . Bengali acquired prominence, over Persian, in the court of the Sultans of Bengal with the ascent of Jalaluddin Muhammad Shah . Subsequent Muslim rulers actively promoted the literary development of Bengali, allowing it to become the most spoken vernacular language in the Sultanate. Bengali adopted many words from Arabic and Persian , which was a manifestation of Islamic culture on
7560-410: The east to Meherpur in the west. The 14th-century court scholar of Bengal, Nur Qutb Alam , composed Bengali poetry using the Persian alphabet . After the Partition of India in the 20th century, the Pakistani government attempted to institute the Perso-Arabic script as the standard for Bengali in East Pakistan ; this was met with resistance and contributed to the Bengali language movement. In
7668-443: The eastern subcontinent, Purbi Apabhraṃśa or Abahatta (lit. 'meaningless sounds'), eventually evolved into regional dialects, which in turn formed three groups, the Bengali–Assamese languages , the Bihari languages , and the Odia language . The language was not static: different varieties coexisted and authors often wrote in multiple dialects in this period. For example, Ardhamagadhi is believed to have evolved into Abahatta around
7776-652: The eventual runners-up, Gaibandha Town Club, in the Cooch Behar Cup in India in 1949. During the tournament, he played alongside Goda Rashid of Wari Club Dhaka , who later brought Ashraf to the Dhaka-based club. In 1950, Ashraf joined Wari Club; however, he departed after being benched for the first three games. Eventually, he was brought to Dhaka Mohammedan by coach Abdus Sattar in the same year. Ashraf repaid his coach's faith by scoring in his Dhaka League debut against Wari Club. He returned to Wari in 1951 and remained at
7884-466: The final ন in মন [m o n] or the medial ম in গামলা [ɡamla] ). A consonant sound followed by some vowel sound other than the inherent [ɔ] is orthographically realised by using a variety of vowel allographs above, below, before, after, or around the consonant sign, thus forming the ubiquitous consonant-vowel typographic ligatures . These allographs, called কার kar , are diacritical vowel forms and cannot stand on their own. For example,
7992-518: The final against Punjab, Ashraf was injured and was replaced by S.A. Jamman Mukta in the game, which was won 2–1 by Punjab. In 1959, he was part of the team that again finished runners-up after being defeated by Balochistan 0–1 in the final held in Hyderabad on 7 November 1959. Ashraf was one of the six Bengali played present in the Pakistan national team at the 1958 Tokyo Asian Games . The team, tied
8100-480: The first club to win the First Division after East Bengal was dissolved and replaced by East Pakistan with the implementation of the One Unit Scheme . However, controversy over the league season remains, as it was abandoned midway due to a flood. The club was leading the points table until the league was abandoned, and according to their officials during that period, Wanderers were eventually declared champions by
8208-463: The first game 1–1 with South Vietnam and lost its final game 1–3 to the Republic of China . Prior to the tournament, he participated in exhibition matches against the likes of Malaya and Singapore . Following his retirement from playing in 1963, Ashraf distanced himself from football until Dhaka Mohammedan general secretary Moinul Islam appointed him as the club's head coach in 1975. Ashraf guided
8316-641: The formation of a new team for the Premier League under convener Abdus Salam. On 25 September 2024, less than two months after the previous committee's formation, BNP politician Abdus Salam and sports organizer Mahbubur Rahman Shahin were elected as the new club president and general secretary, respectively. The club's main local rival is Dhaka Mohammedan . The rivalry dates back to 1956 when Mohammedan acquired numerous players from Dhaka Wanderers, who had left due to internal conflicts within their club. Despite this, Wanderers were crowned champions that year. Both clubs were tied on points, and Mohammedan's refusal to play
8424-594: The gambling culture in the club in 2007, was arrested by the CID on 13 July 2020. 11 years ago a party rented the club auditorium. They used to pay 30 thousand rupees to the club every day for gambling. The investigation revealed that the rent increased to 50,000 per day within 2 years. An official said that this 'indoor game' was going on in the club with proper permission. Following the casino raid, president Molla Mohammad Abu Kawsar resigned citing personal reasons leading to vice-president Kazi Shahidullah Liton being nominated as
8532-714: The government of Ahmad Tejan Kabbah declared Bengali as an honorary official language in December 2002. In 2009, elected representatives in both Bangladesh and West Bengal called for Bengali to be made an official language of the United Nations . Regional varieties in spoken Bengali constitute a dialect continuum . Linguist Suniti Kumar Chatterji grouped the dialects of Bengali language into four large clusters: Rarhi , Vangiya , Kamrupi and Varendri ; but many alternative grouping schemes have also been proposed. The south-western dialects ( Rarhi or Nadia dialect) form
8640-499: The graph মি [mi] represents the consonant [m] followed by the vowel [i] , where [i] is represented as the diacritical allograph ি (called ই-কার i-kar ) and is placed before the default consonant sign. Similarly, the graphs মা [ma] , মী [mi] , মু [mu] , মূ [mu] , মৃ [mri] , মে [me~mɛ] , মৈ [moj] , মো [mo] and মৌ [mow] represent the same consonant ম combined with seven other vowels and two diphthongs. In these consonant-vowel ligatures,
8748-412: The graphical form. However, since this change is not as widespread and is not being followed as uniformly in the rest of the Bengali printed literature, today's Bengali-learning children will possibly have to learn to recognise both the new "transparent" and the old "opaque" forms, which ultimately amounts to an increase in learning burden. Bengali punctuation marks, apart from the downstroke । daṛi –
8856-527: The growing influence of sports-loving members from the Nawab family of Dhaka , the club was renamed Dhaka Wanderers Club in 1939. In the same year, they won the Second Division Football League of Dhaka and entered the First Division in 1940. During this period, Sheikh Mujibur Rahman (later known as Bangabandhu ) was known to have played for the club. In 1944, Wanderers reached the semi-finals of
8964-545: The lack of regular swimming competitions in the country, the club rarely invests in the team. The club's Kabaddi team participates in the Premier Division Kabaddi League. In 2008, the Wanderers formed a women's team to participate in the Exim Bank Women's Kabaddi Tournament. Bengali language Bengali , also known by its endonym Bangla ( বাংলা , Bāṅlā , [ˈbaŋla] ),
9072-483: The language as: While most writing is in Standard Colloquial Bengali (SCB), spoken dialects exhibit a greater variety. People in southeastern West Bengal, including Kolkata, speak in SCB. Other dialects, with minor variations from Standard Colloquial, are used in other parts of West Bengal and western Bangladesh, such as the Midnapore dialect, characterised by some unique words and constructions. However,
9180-510: The language movement. Although Sanskrit has been spoken by Hindu Brahmins in Bengal since the 3rd century BC, the local Buddhist population spoke varieties of the Prakrit . These varieties are generally referred to as "eastern Magadhi Prakrit ", as coined by linguist Suniti Kumar Chatterji , as the Middle Indo-Aryan dialects were influential in the first millennium when Bengal
9288-535: The language. Major texts of Middle Bengali (1400–1800) include Yusuf-Zulekha by Shah Muhammad Sagir and Srikrishna Kirtana by the Chandidas poets. Court support for Bengali culture and language waned when the Mughal Empire conquered Bengal in the late 16th and early 17th century. The modern literary form of Bengali was developed during the 19th and early 20th centuries based on the west-central dialect spoken in
9396-419: The late 60s, the club struggled to compete for the league title due to the presence of EPIDC and Mohammedan. They finished as league runners-up in 1970 after Mohammedan withdrew from the league mid-season. Following the Independence of Bangladesh , the club, led by Kazi Abdur Rafiq, again finished as runners-up in the league, this time jointly with Mohammedan and Dhaka Abahani in 1973. The season prior, which
9504-634: The league title. In the same year, the club won the Aga Khan Gold Cup , with Ashraf scoring in a 2–0 victory over KMC in the final. Ashraf scored a total of 56 goals in all competitions that year. He remained club captain until 1960, during which the Black and Whites became one of the strongest teams on the continent. Ashraf made his debut for the East Pakistan football team at the National Football Championship held in Lahore in 1954. He
9612-428: The letter ত tô and the numeral ৩ "3" are distinguishable only by the presence or absence of the matra , as is the case between the consonant cluster ত্র trô and the independent vowel এ e , also the letter হ hô and Bengali Ôbogroho ঽ (~ô) and letter ও o and consonant cluster ত্ত ttô . The letter-forms also employ the concepts of letter-width and letter-height (the vertical space between
9720-585: The neighbouring states of Odisha , Bihar , and Jharkhand , and sizeable minorities of Bengali speakers reside in Indian cities outside Bengal, including Delhi , Mumbai , Thane , Varanasi , and Vrindavan . There are also significant Bengali-speaking communities in the Middle East , the United States , Singapore , Malaysia , Australia , Canada , the United Kingdom , and Italy . The 3rd article of
9828-514: The parliament of Bangladesh and the legislative assembly of West Bengal proposed that Bengali be made an official UN language. As of January 2023, no further action has been yet taken on this matter. However, in 2022, the UN did adopt Bangla as an unofficial language, after a resolution tabled by India. In 2024, the government of India conferred Bengali with the status of classical language . Approximate distribution of native Bengali speakers (assuming
9936-517: The president and joint secretary Vipul Ghosh Shankar as the general secretary. With the Championship League being cancelled in the 2019–20 season due to the COVID-19 pandemic , Wanderers began participating in the second-tier professional league from the 2020–21 season . The club finished seventh during their first season in the Championship League with 7 victories from 22 games. In March 2021, it
10044-554: The prestigious Ronald Shield, which was the club's biggest achievement during the British rule. The club tent at that time was located south of the land now occupied by the Outer Stadium Ground . Following the Partition of India , Wazed Ali Miazi, the club's goalkeeper and captain, served as its football secretary from 1949–1950 and joint secretary from 1951–1960. Notably, Miazi had begun acting as player-cum-coach in 1947. In 1949,
10152-475: The second tier of Bangladeshi hockey. The club was relegated from the top-tier Premier Division in 2018. In that season, they finished at the bottom of the league with 10 losses and just 1 point from 11 matches. The club, unlike most sports clubs in Bangladesh, has a swimming team. In 2017, the team won 18 gold medals in the Inter-club Swimming Competition held in Chittagong . However, due to
10260-400: The semi-final. In the final, held on 29 October 1963, tournament favorites Wanderers lost 1–2 to Pakistan Railways . The Wanderers' starting eleven for the game consisted of Ghulam Hossain, Khuda Bakhsh, Abdul Gafur Baloch, Amin, Murad Bakhsh, Abdul Ghafoor, Yusuf Jr., Abdullah Rahi, Abbas, and Umer, the latter being their only scorer in the final. In 1965, Wanderers moved their club tent near
10368-427: The so-called "inherent" vowel [ɔ] is first expunged from the consonant before adding the vowel, but this intermediate expulsion of the inherent vowel is not indicated in any visual manner on the basic consonant sign ম [mɔ] . The vowel graphemes in Bengali can take two forms: the independent form found in the basic inventory of the script and the dependent, abridged, allograph form (as discussed above). To represent
10476-536: The superposed chôndrôbindu (ঁ) , denoting a suprasegmental for nasalisation of vowels (as in চাঁদ [tʃãd] "moon"), the postposed ônusbar (ং) indicating the velar nasal [ŋ] (as in বাংলা [baŋla] "Bengali") and the postposed bisôrgô (ঃ) indicating the voiceless glottal fricative [h] (as in উঃ! [uh] "ouch!") or the gemination of the following consonant (as in দুঃখ [dukʰːɔ] "sorrow"). The Bengali consonant clusters ( যুক্তব্যঞ্জন juktôbênjôn ) are usually realised as ligatures, where
10584-404: The team, coached by Abdur Rahim and captained by Manzur Hasan Mintu , won their seventh First Division League title. In the single league, the club scored 61 goals in 14 games, only losing their final league game to the defending champions, Mohammedan. On 9 September 1960, the club were defeated 8–0 by Indonesian club PSM Makassar in the semi-finals of the Aga Khan Gold Cup in Dhaka. In 1961,
10692-540: The third tier, was only held five times. Eventually, the club finished runners-up in the 2018–19 season , securing their place in the professional second-tier league. On 18 September 2019, Wanderers was among four clubs in Motijheel raided by the Bangladesh Police , who discovered an illegal casino operating within the club's premises. The club tent housed a variety of gambling activities, including casinos, gutters, gambling tokens, and lotteries. According to reports,
10800-485: The time, were a victims to football politics. The club would spend the following decade as a mid-table side, while sometimes being tagged as "Giant Killers." In 1987, under coach and former player Abdul Hakim, the club reached the finals of the Federation Cup , where they were defeated 0–1 by former rivals, Mohammedan. In the 1989/90 season, Wanderers finished bottom of the league after being penalized for match-fixing, and
10908-484: The visible matra and an invisible baseline). There is yet to be a uniform standard collating sequence (sorting order of graphemes to be used in dictionaries, indices, computer sorting programs, etc.) of Bengali graphemes. Experts in both Bangladesh and India are currently working towards a common solution for this problem. Throughout history, there have been instances of the Bengali language being written in different scripts, though these employments were never popular on
11016-435: The vocabulary may differ according to the speaker's religion: Muslims are more likely to use words of Persian and Arabic origin, along with more words naturally derived from Sanskrit ( tadbhava ), whereas Hindus are more likely to use tatsama (words directly borrowed from Sanskrit). For example: The phonemic inventory of standard Bengali consists of 29 consonants and 7 vowels, as well as 7 nasalised vowels . The inventory
11124-554: Was a part of the Greater Magadhan realm. The local varieties had no official status during the Gupta Empire , and with Bengal increasingly becoming a hub of Sanskrit literature for Hindu priests, the vernacular of Bengal gained a lot of influence from Sanskrit. Magadhi Prakrit was also spoken in modern-day Bihar and Assam , and this vernacular eventually evolved into Ardha Magadhi . Ardha Magadhi began to give way to what
11232-620: Was a regular face in the team until 1959, with his only absence being in 1958 due to an injury. In 1957, he played an integral role alongside Kabir Ahmed and Mari Chowdhury as the East Pakistan White team finished runners-up in the National Championship held in Dacca . During the tournament, he scored a hat-trick against Pakistan Navy in a 5–2 victory, with the other goals being scored by Kabir Ahmed and Nabi Chowdhury . Prior to
11340-523: Was abandoned, striker Nazir Ahmed scored a hat-trick against Dilkusha SC , becoming the first player to do so since the country's independence. Wanderers failed to form a strong team post-independence, even though one of their main patrons was the country's first president, Sheikh Mujibur Rahman . In 1976, the club managed to reach the Super League round in the First Division; however, they finished bottom of their group. In 1977, Wanderers finished second from
11448-597: Was extensively developed during the Bengali Renaissance and is one of the most prolific and diverse literary traditions in Asia. The Bengali language movement from 1948 to 1956 demanding that Bengali be an official language of Pakistan fostered Bengali nationalism in East Bengal leading to the emergence of Bangladesh in 1971. In 1999, UNESCO recognised 21 February as International Mother Language Day in recognition of
11556-496: Was made Mohammedan's captain, and in the same year, he led the club to its first league title. The following year, the attacking trio of Kabir Ahmed , Mari Chowdhury , and Ashraf helped Mohammedan reach the quarter-finals of the IFA Shield. In the quarter-final against Kolkata Mohammedan , the Dhaka side lost 0–3, with Ashraf missing the majority of the game due to injury. In 1959, he was the league's top scorer with 16 goals, including three hat-tricks, and again helped Mohammedan win
11664-495: Was revealed that the team's coach, Kamal Babu , paid Tk 18,000 to the footballers out of his own pocket, foregoing his own salary. Despite their struggles to participate in the league, the Bangladesh Football Federation had allegedly not yet paid the club their participation fee. Amid this challenging situation, a major football-related institution provided the club with a check for Rs 3 lakh. On 15 September 2021,
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