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40-520: Reports began circulating as early as November 2015 that Denver would host a PRO Rugby team when the competition's inaugural season kicked off in April 2016. PRO Rugby officially announced on February 26, 2016 that Denver would be the competition's fifth team. Denver's first officially announced player signing was South African international Pedrie Wannenburg . Denver hosted Ohio in the first ever PRO Rugby match on April 17, 2016, winning 16–13 at Infinity Park on

80-449: A shootout , became the first police chase to be broadcast live on television, airing on three channels and preempting daytime programs on the station. The chase was reportedly so popular that, when one station switched to a rerun of Matlock , several viewers called in to complain and request they continue airing the chase. This convinced stations to show further live coverage of police pursuits. In 2002, 700 pursuits were reported in

120-410: A 16-year-old who was trying to evade a police stop . His wife and children were all in the car at the time. His son sustained life-threatening injuries. Car chase A car chase or vehicle pursuit is the vehicular overland chase of one party by another, involving at least one automobile or other wheeled motor vehicle , commonly hot pursuit of suspects by law enforcement . The rise of

160-516: A Christian. During his time with Ulster, he attended church in Belfast with his fellow South Africans and Ulster team-mates Johann Muller and Ruan Pienaar . While at Ulster, he married Evette and the couple had two children, a daughter Isabelle, followed by a son, François in 2013. He died on 22 April 2022 in Houston , Texas , US, after his car was struck while at an intersection by a vehicle driven by

200-500: A car chase that crosses municipal and jurisdictional boundaries. This is often complicated by radio communication incompatibility and policy differences in the various departments involved in a pursuit. The city of Dallas, Texas was the first major city in the United States to adopt an "Inter-Jurisdictional Pursuit Policy" to address the problems inherent in car chases that involved more than one law enforcement agency. In August 1984,

240-446: A car thief, resulting in an eight-vehicle collision in which the stolen vehicle was destroyed. In film and television , the term "car chase" refers to a chase scene involving two or more automobiles pursuing one another, which may or may not involve a police car. Feature-length films have been built entirely around car chases, often featuring high-powered exotic vehicles . They are depicted as fast moving scenes with action involving

280-542: A high-profile vehicle is used, such as the James Bond and Transporter franchises, usually because the vehicles used are "star cars" (i.e. used by the film's protagonists and featured prominently). Vehicle manufacturers may also pay for product placement in a film production, such as serving as technical advisors or donating vehicles to be used in filming, and may thus send their high-profile car models for use in filming. Although car chases on film were staged as early as

320-587: A late penalty kick from flyhalf Will Magie . PRO Rugby revealed the team's nickname — the Denver Stampede — on June 6, 2016, a reference to Colorado's western theme; this name beat two other final candidates: the Peak (also a mountain western theme) and the Vipers. On December 20, 2016 all PRO Rugby players received notice their contracts will be terminated in 30 days if progress is not made towards resolving disputes between

360-604: A local driver crashed a stolen vehicle into a tree, killing his two passengers following a high-speed police pursuit. The death of university student Clea Rose following a police chase in Canberra sparked major recriminations over police pursuit policies. In 2007, the United States Supreme Court held in Scott v. Harris (550 U.S. 372) that a "police officer's attempt to terminate a dangerous high-speed car chase that threatens

400-497: A low speed chase in his white 1993 Ford Bronco after the murder of his ex-wife Nicole Brown Simpson and Ron Goldman in Los Angeles . One notable recorded police chase occurred when an M60 Patton tank was stolen by Shawn Nelson from an Army National Guard armory , on May 17, 1995. Nelson went on a rampage through San Diego , California , with the massive tank crushing multiple civilian vehicles before becoming stuck on

440-596: A number of techniques to end chases, from pleading with the driver, waiting for the driver's vehicle to run out of fuel, or hoping the driver's vehicle becomes somehow disabled to more forceful methods such as boxing in the vehicle with police cruisers , ramming the vehicle, the PIT maneuver , shooting out the tires , or the use of spike strips . Though all efforts, many of which pose risk to all involved as well as bystanders, will be aimed at avoiding danger to civilians. When available, police aircraft may be deployed, which may follow

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480-465: A police officer with a video camera mounted in his cruiser recorded the pursuit of a fleeing suspect vehicle, from the initial attempts to stop his car to his eventual arrest. On January 3, 1992, a lengthy pursuit in Southern California , involving a Volkswagen Cabriolet stolen by a suspected murderer, Darren Michael Stroh, who was eventually killed by California Highway Patrol officers in

520-607: A road divider. Police were able to mount the tank and open the hatch, killing the suspect when he would not surrender. On June 4, 2004, welder Marvin Heemeyer went on a rampage in a heavily modified bulldozer in Granby, Colorado , wrecking 13 buildings including the town hall, the public library, a bank, a concrete batch plant, and a house owned by the town's former mayor, resulting in over $ 7 million in damage. The police were initially powerless, as none of their weapons could penetrate

560-509: A team record consecutive run of 99 matches, spanning seasons 2002 to 2010 with a total of 106 matches for them. Wannenburg signed to the Denver Stampede in early 2016, and captained the team. Wannenburg made his provincial debut in 2001 against the Golden Lions . In 2002 Wannenburg made his Super Rugby debut against the ACT Brumbies . Wannenburg was the first player to play 100 games for

600-403: A violent crime has been committed and the suspect poses an imminent threat to commit another violent crime due to the dangers posed by high speed pursuits. The report also recommends policies that discourage or prohibit pursuits if the suspect is riding a motorcycle. One particular hazard that is attendant to police pursuits is the problem of multiple law enforcement agencies becoming involved in

640-403: Is to use technology to end or avoid the need for such chases. For example, vehicles can be tracked by aircraft or GPS tagging devices like StarChase , allowing police agencies to reliably intercept suspects using stationary blockades, lower-speed vehicles, or when the vehicle is parked. A 2023 United States Department of Justice report recommends that police should only initiate a chase only if

680-522: The Schengen Area , car chases may sometimes cross national boundaries. States often have agreements in place where the police of one state can continue the chase across the national boundary. Some car chases may occur between vehicles that are not involved in law enforcement. These may be conducted by rival criminals, criminals attempting to catch intended victims, vigilantes , or as part of road rage . They may also occur for non-criminal reasons, such as

720-421: The automotive industry in the 20th century increased car ownership , leading to a growing number of criminals attempting to evade police in their own vehicle or a stolen car . Car chases may also involve other parties in pursuit of a criminal suspect or intended victim, or simply in an attempt to make contact with a moving person for non-conflict reasons. Car chases are often captured on news broadcast due to

760-666: The realism of chase scenes or, when done poorly or too obviously, can be visually jarring and uncanny . Such criticism has affected recent Hollywood productions; Driven , for example, was panned for its heavy use of CGI in chase scenes. As such, some films like Ronin , The Bourne Supremacy , The Kingdom , The Dark Knight , and Need For Speed , used live-action chases with minimal use of CGI, if at all. Furious 7 used CGI for "only 10%" of its action sequences, mostly to erase production artifacts such as wires or add backgrounds, as stunt coordinator Spiro Razatos wanted to rely more on real stunts rather than CGI because he wanted

800-445: The rear projection effect . The use of computer-generated imagery for car chases has become popular since the 2000s and, although costly, eliminates any danger to the actors and removes the necessity of damaging or destroying functional vehicles, particularly those that are rare, expensive, valuable, or not allowed to be damaged in production (such as if the car is product placement). However, some critics claim that CGI eliminates

840-704: The Blue Bulls and also 99 consecutive games for the Bulls. He won three Super Rugby titles with the Bulls in 2007, 2009 and 2010, as well as five Currie Cups , and became their most capped player with 114 Super Rugby appearances. In June 2010, he decided to take on a new challenge with Ulster in Ireland competing in the Heineken Cup and Pro12 . He played in Ulster's 2012 Heineken Cup Final defeat to Leinster . He left Ulster at

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880-558: The Dallas Police Department's Planning and Research Division, under the command of Captain Rick Stone, began crafting a policy that more than twenty (20) local law enforcement agencies could agree to abide by when car chases crossed their borders. The result was a model policy that became the standard for use by police departments around the United States. In Europe, as many national borders no longer have border stations within

920-551: The Grappler bullbar with a tire-catching net. Alternatively, some strategies have centered around simply not pursuing suspect vehicles and instead relying on using vehicle registration to identify the suspect and apprehend them later, though this is ineffective with stolen vehicles. The earliest police chase known to be recorded on video in its entirety occurred in May 1988 in Berea, Ohio , when

960-428: The broadcast and vowed to never let it happen again. Live news coverage of police chases is widely associated with the United States and with the city of Los Angeles in particular, which is often described by journalists as "the car chase capital of the world." High-speed car chases are recognized as a road safety problem, as vehicles not involved in the pursuit, pedestrians or street furniture may be hit by

1000-422: The car chase genre in a number of television shows and specials such as World's Wildest Police Videos , Most Shocking , and Real TV which often feature real footage of car chases involving suspects fleeing police. In addition, videos and livestreams of car chases are popular content on social media. On June 17, 1994 former NFL running back O. J. Simpson gained notoriety following national coverage of

1040-478: The city of Los Angeles . In 2003, Los Angeles television station KCAL reported a quadrupling of ratings when police pursuits aired. That same year, the Los Angeles Police Department asked news media to reduce coverage of chases, claiming that coverage encourages suspects to flee and may potentially endanger viewers who attempt to view the chase in person. Reality television has combined with

1080-576: The elusive driver, who will often violate a number of traffic laws, often repeatedly, in their attempt to escape, or by the pursuing police cars. In the United Kingdom, it is estimated that 40 people a year are killed in road traffic incidents involving police, most as a result of a police pursuit. In the United States, chase-related deaths range between 300 and 400 people per year. The February 2005 Macquarie Fields riots occurred in Sydney, Australia after

1120-677: The end of the 2011–2012 season and signed a two-year contract with French side Castres . In November 2002, Wannenburg made his first test appearance for the Springboks against France . He narrowly missed selection to the victorious South Africa squad for the 2007 Rugby World Cup . He had 20 caps for the Springboks. Wannenburg was born in Nelspruit (now Mbombela). Following problems with drugs and alcohol in South Africa, Wannenburg became

1160-422: The job. Public outrage at such immunity has resulted in statutory exceptions. One example is California Civil Code Section 1714.9 (enacted 1982), which reinstates liability where the suspect knew or should have known that the police were present. Policy on what circumstances justify a high-speed pursuit differ by jurisdiction. Some safety advocates want to restrict risky chases to violent felonies. Another option

1200-565: The law and auto-racing exhibitions between runners which helped form the sport of stock car racing . As police forces became more accustomed to chases, they began to adopt police protocol, techniques, and technologies intended to help pursuits more quickly and safely, such as the PIT maneuver in the 1980s and spike strips in the 1990s. Since the 2010s, as the dangers of car chases become apparent, police have tested various alternative methods of tracking fleeing suspects without continuing to pursue them such as StarChase 's GPS trackers or

1240-529: The league and USA Rugby. Denver began its inaugural 2016 season playing at Infinity Park. Denver moved to CIBER Field, however, during the 2016 season; this move allowed PRO Rugby to live steam all matches on prorugby.org, and had superior financial considerations. The squad for the 2016 PRO Rugby season : Props Hookers Locks Loose forwards Scrum-halves Fly-halves Centers Wingers Fullbacks Pedrie Wannenburg Pedrie Johannes Wannenburg (2 January 1981 – 22 April 2022)

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1280-457: The lives of innocent bystanders does not violate the Fourth Amendment , even when it places the fleeing motorist at risk of serious injury or death." In most common law jurisdictions, the fireman's rule prevents police officers injured in such pursuits from filing civil lawsuits for monetary damages against the fleeing suspects, because such injuries are supposed to be an inherent risk of

1320-499: The motor vehicle itself — one of the earliest examples being Runaway Match directed by Alf Collins in 1903 — the consensus among historians and film critics is that the first modern car chase movie was 1968's Bullitt . The 10-minute-long chase scene in Bullitt was far longer and far faster than what had gone before, and placed cameras to give perspectives from inside the cars. Previously, car chase scenes were often staged using

1360-460: The pursuing vehicle simply attempting to catch up to another vehicle. These car chases are rare and are almost always considered illegal due to the dangers of civilian vehicles, lacking any sort of warning device or authorization, pursuing each other at high speeds. In 2021, actor Terrence J was pursued and shot at by a vehicle in an attempted robbery. In 2021, a carjacking victim in Chicago pursued

1400-465: The speed of the vehicles involved, and the potential collisions and the debris resulting from the wreckage. Staging car chase sequences often requires numerous takes and destruction of several vehicles (whether intentional or mishap). Therefore, it is common to use older vehicles that are 1–2 generations behind the current models on the market, since these can be second-hand acquisitions at low cost due to depreciation . There are some exceptions wherein

1440-503: The suspect's vehicle. However, the bulldozer's engine failed and the machine became stuck, so Heemeyer committed suicide by gunshot. On July 27, 2007 in Phoenix, Arizona , two helicopters collided in mid air while filming a police pursuit. Both were AS-350 AStar news helicopters from the KNXV-TV and KTVK news stations. All four occupants of both aircraft were killed. No one on the ground

1480-468: The vehicle from above while ground units may or may not be involved. The use of automobiles to evade law enforcement has existed for about as long as the automobile itself; newspaper reports of police chases involving automobiles and motorcycles date back to the 1900s and 1910s. During Prohibition in the United States , bootleggers and moonshine runners often engaged in high-speed chases with police. This led to rise of car modifications intended to outrun

1520-898: The video footage recorded by police cars , police aircraft , and news aircraft participating in the chase. Car chases are also a popular subject with media and audiences due to their intensity, drama and the innate danger of high-speed driving, and thus are common content in fiction, particularly action films and video games . Car chases occur when a suspect attempts to use a vehicle to escape from law enforcement attempting to detain or arrest them. The assumed offence committed may range from misdemeanors such as traffic infractions to felonies as serious as murder . When suspects realize they have been spotted by law enforcement, they attempt to lose their pursuer by driving away, usually at high speed. Generally, suspects who police spot committing crimes for which long prison terms are likely upon conviction are much more likely to start car chases. Police use

1560-600: Was a South African rugby union player. He last coached for Austin Elite Rugby in North American Major League Rugby . He played for Austin in 2018, Denver Stampede in the now defunct PRO Rugby League of North America and Castres Olympique for two seasons, after two years with Irish club Ulster . He also represented the South African Bulls in the southern hemisphere Super 14 competition, in

1600-504: Was injured. On September 28, 2012, Fox News aired a live police chase in Arizona which ended in the suspect exiting the vehicle and shooting himself after a short foot chase. Fox News was airing it in a five-second delay instead of a normal ten-second delay, which resulted in the shooting being aired on a live broadcast of the Fox Report . Fox anchorman Shepard Smith soon apologized for

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