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41-463: Delémont is divided into a total of 19 municipalities : The blazon of the district coat of arms is Gules, a Crosier and Coupeaux of Six all Argent. Delémont has a population (as of December 2020) of 38,954. Most of the population (as of 2000) speaks French (30,393 or 88.1%) as their first language, German is the second most common (1,569 or 4.5%) and Italian is the third (832 or 2.4%). There are 15 people who speak Romansh . As of 2008,

82-450: A Fachhochschule was the Diplom (FH) . Coursework generally totaled six semesters (three years) of full-time study, with various options for specialization. In addition, there were one or two practical training semesters to provide hands-on experience in real working environments. The program concluded, usually after 3.5 – 4 years, with the final examination and a thesis ( Diplomarbeit ) which

123-500: A Master's from either, one can now enter a doctoral degree program at a Universität , but a graduate with a bachelor's degree from either is normally unable to proceed directly to a doctoral degree program in Germany. Also, with the master's degree of either of the institutions a graduate can enter the höheren Dienst (higher service) career for civil servants . The Fachhochschule or University of Applied Sciences and Arts

164-471: A certain time in Switzerland are also allowed to participate in municipal politics. As at the cantonal and federal level, citizens enjoy political rights, including direct democratic ones, in their municipality. Municipalities are financed through direct taxes (such as income tax ), with rates varying more or less within a framework set by the canton (see Taxation in Switzerland ). As among the cantons, there

205-582: A finished apprenticeship and a Fachmatura (subject Matura ) and students with the Matura and a practical year in a company can access further education within the Universities for Applied Science. The UAS and their Bachelor's and Master's degrees are federally accredited. The Federal Department of Economic Affairs, Education and Research (EAER) and is in charge of the accreditation of the UAS which are requested to meet

246-401: A number of subjects, such as social work or the legal sub-discipline of social law, which are traditionally underrepresented at traditional universities. In these areas, universities of applied sciences make a significant contribution to research. UAS professors are also increasingly attracting national and international third-party funding. To support their research activities, they can apply for

287-869: A significant reduction in their teaching load. Swiss law calls Fachhochschulen and universities "separate but equal". In terms of student numbers, universities of applied sciences are on average smaller than traditional universities. However, there are also a number of HAW, such as TH Köln or UAS Frankfurt, which can keep up with large universities in this respect. Due to the Bologna process , universities and Fachhochschulen award legally equivalent bachelor's and master's degrees. Excepting research-intensive institutions in Hesse, Saxony Anhalt, Baden-Württemberg, North Rhine-Westphalia and Bavaria Fachhochschulen do not award doctoral degrees themselves but sometimes in cooperation with award-granting partner universities. In

328-833: A third of the 136 Fachhochschulstudiengänge are organized as part-time courses of studies. The Swiss Universities of Applied Sciences UAS are vocational universities established in Switzerland in 1995 following the model of the German Fachhochschulen. They are called Fachhochschule in German, Haute école specialisée in French and scuola universitaria professionale (SUP) in Italian. The Swiss Universities of Applied Sciences offer third level education, continuing education, services businesses and institutions, and produce applied research activities. In 2013 there are seven public UAS approved by

369-421: A total of 795 students in the district. The district had 146 primary classes and 2,586 students. 47°21′N 7°20′E  /  47.350°N 7.333°E  / 47.350; 7.333 Municipalities of Switzerland Municipalities ( German : Gemeinden , Einwohnergemeinden or politische Gemeinden ; French : communes ; Italian : comuni ; Romansh : vischnancas ) are

410-548: Is a university of applied sciences ( UAS ), in other words a German tertiary education institution that provides professional education in many applied sciences and applied arts, such as engineering, technology, business, architecture, design, and industrial design . Fachhochschulen were first founded in Germany and were later adopted in Austria , Liechtenstein , Switzerland , Cyprus , and Greece . An increasing number of Fachhochschulen are abbreviated as Hochschule ,

451-449: Is a tax transfer among the municipalities to balance various levels of tax income. Switzerland has a relatively high number of small municipalities, with a population of 1,000 or less, especially in rural areas. Because of the increasing difficulty in providing professional government services and in finding volunteers for political offices in small municipalities, the cantons tend to encourage voluntary mergers of municipalities. This led to

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492-494: Is a type of German institution of higher education that emerged from the traditional Engineering Schools and similar professional schools of other disciplines. It differs from the traditional university ( Universität ) mainly through its more practical orientation. Subjects taught at Fachhochschulen include engineering, computer science, business and management, arts and design, communication studies, social service, and other professional fields. The traditional degree awarded at

533-531: Is followed by three years of obligatory lower Secondary school where the students are separated according to ability and aptitude. Following the lower Secondary students may attend a three or four year optional upper Secondary school followed by some form of Tertiary school or they may enter an apprenticeship . During the 2009–10 school year, there were a total of 3,381 students attending 191 classes in Delémont District. There were 45 kindergarten classes with

574-773: Is usually an extensive project on a current practical or scientific aspect of the profession. In an effort to make educational degrees more compatible within Europe, the German Diplom degrees were mostly phased out by 2010 and replaced by the European bachelor's and master's degree. The Fachhochschule represents a close relationship between higher education and the employment system. Their practical orientation makes them very attractive to employers. Today, Fachhochschulen also conduct research. Research projects are either publicly funded or sponsored by industry. Nevertheless, in Germany

615-485: The Bologna process , most German Universitäten and Fachhochschulen have ceased admitting students to programs leading to the traditional German Diplom (FH) , but now apply the new degree standard of Bachelor's and Master's degrees. In line with the Bologna process, bachelor's and master's degrees awarded by both types of universities ( Universitäten and Fachhochschulen ) are legally equivalent. With

656-798: The Bürgerrecht (citizenship), regardless of where they were born or where they may currently live. Instead of the place of birth , Swiss legal documents, e.g. passports, contain the Bürgerort (place of citizenship, or place of origin ). The Bürgergemeinde also often holds and administers the common property in the village for the members of the community. Each canton determines the powers and responsibilities of its municipalities. These may include providing local government services such as education, medical and social services, public transportation, and tax collection. The degree of centralization varies from one canton to another. The federal constitution protects

697-510: The Christian Catholic Church , and there were 1,350 individuals (or about 3.91% of the population) who belonged to another Christian church. There were 14 individuals (or about 0.04% of the population) who were Jewish , and 937 (or about 2.72% of the population) who were Islamic . There were 38 individuals who were Buddhist , 42 individuals who were Hindu and 31 individuals who belonged to another church. 2,178 (or about 6.32% of

738-611: The Fraunhofer Society or the Max Planck Society ). There are a few universities, such as Catholic University of Eichstätt-Ingolstadt and Bundeswehr University Munich , which run Fachhochschule courses in addition to their normal courses. It is also important to note that in the 1990s, some universities of applied sciences were developed from former GDR universities with the right to award doctoral and post-doctoral degrees in order to cut costs. These include, for example,

779-520: The Swiss Federal Council in 1998 and two private UAS approved by the Federal Council in 2005 and 2008. The public UAS are run by one or more cantons . UAS have the institutional mandate to provide degree programmes ( Bachelor's degrees and Master's degrees ), continuing education and training, to conduct applied research and to offer services to companies and institutions. Students with

820-529: The Birse Valley and the Scheulte Valley from its southern neighbor, Moutier District. On 1 January 1984 the municipality of Mettemberg changed its name to Mettembert. The municipalities of Montsevelier , Vermes and Vicques merged on 1 January 2013 into the new municipality of Val Terbi and Bassecourt , Courfaivre , Glovelier , Soulce and Undervelier merged to form Haute-Sorne. On 1 January 2018

861-498: The Zittau/Görlitz University of Applied Sciences. In these institutions, the classic university spirit lives on to this day. The Austrian government decided to establish Fachhochschulen (FH) in 1990. In the academic year of 2010/11, there were twenty-one institutions officially considered as Fachhochschulen plus a number of other providers of Fachhochschulstudiengängen with a total of over 27,000 students. About

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902-403: The autonomy of municipalities within the framework set out by cantonal law. Municipalities are generally governed by an executive council headed by a president or mayor . Legislative authority is exercised by a town meeting of all citizens, or by a municipal parliament, depending on the size of the municipality, and on cantonal and municipal law. In some cantons, foreigners who have lived for

943-461: The district. There were 16,924 married individuals, 2,131 widows or widowers and 1,447 individuals who are divorced. There were 4,165 households that consist of only one person and 1,147 households with five or more people. The historical population is given in the following chart: In 1978 with the separation of the three Jura Canton districts from the Canton of Bern , Delémont District gained land in

984-697: The exercise of political rights for everyone except the members of the Bürgergemeinde . In the Regeneration era (1830–1848), the liberal revolutions of the common people helped to restore some rights again in a few cantons. In other cantons, the Bürgergemeinden were able to maintain power as political communities. In the city of Zürich it was not until the Municipal Act of 1866 that the political municipality came back into existence. The relationship between

1025-471: The federal election, a total of 10,129 votes were cast, and the voter turnout was 41.9%. From the 2000 census, 25,551 or 74.1% were Roman Catholic , while 3,741 or 10.8% belonged to the Swiss Reformed Church . Of the rest of the population, there were 166 members of an Orthodox church (or about 0.48% of the population), there were 36 individuals (or about 0.10% of the population) who belonged to

1066-596: The former municipality of Corban merged into the municipality of Val Terbi . On 1 January 2019 the former municipalities of Rebeuvelier and Vellerat merged into the municipality of Courrendlin . In the 2007 federal election the most popular party was the SPS which received 42% of the vote. The next three most popular parties were the CVP (19.53%), the SVP (15.02%) and the CSP (12.37%). In

1107-475: The generic term in Germany for institutions awarding academic degrees in higher education, or expanded as Hochschule für angewandte Wissenschaften (HAW) , the German translation of "universities of applied sciences", which were primarily designed with a focus on teaching professional skills. This is reflected in the fact that the ratio of the number of students to the number of professors is significantly better than at traditional universities. However, there are also

1148-646: The lowest level of administrative division in Switzerland. Each municipality is part of one of the Swiss cantons , which form the Swiss Confederation . In most cantons, municipalities are also part of districts or other sub-cantonal administrative divisions. There are 2,131 municipalities as of January 2024 . Their populations range between several hundred thousand ( Zürich ), and a few dozen people ( Kammersrohr , Bister ), and their territory between 0.32 km² ( Rivaz ) and 439 km² ( Scuol ). The beginnings of

1189-423: The meantime, however, some professors at HAW also have additional habilitations and can therefore directly supervise doctoral students at their home university. This and the rule that they give priority to hiring professors with a professional career of at least three years outside the university system additional to the doctoral degree are the two major ways in which they differ from traditional universities. Due to

1230-567: The modern municipality system date back to the Helvetic Republic . Under the Old Swiss Confederacy , citizenship was granted by each town and village to only residents. These citizens enjoyed access to community property and in some cases additional protection under the law. Additionally, the urban towns and the rural villages had differing rights and laws. The creation of a uniform Swiss citizenship, which applied equally for citizens of

1271-462: The municipalities under cantonal or federal law. Municipalities are numbered by the Swiss Federal Office for Statistics (see Community Identification Number#Switzerland ). One or more postal codes (PLZ/NPA) can by assigned to a municipality or shared with other municipalities. Between 2011 and 2021 nine of the smallest municipalities merged into others as part of the effort to eliminate

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1312-436: The number of municipalities dropping by 384 between the end of 2010 and the beginning of 2019. Some municipalities designate themselves as "city" ( ville or Stadt ) or as "village" ( Dorf ). These designations result from tradition or local preference – for example, several small municipalities designated as cities held city rights in medieval times – and normally do not impact the legal or political rights or obligations of

1353-525: The old towns and their tenants and servants, led to conflict. The wealthier villagers and urban citizens held rights to forests, common land and other municipal property which they did not want to share with the "new citizens", who were generally poor. The compromise solution, which was written into the municipal laws of the Helvetic Republic, is still valid today. Two politically separate but often geographically similar organizations were created. The first,

1394-408: The political municipality and the Bürgergemeinde was often dominated by the latter's ownership of community property. Often the administration and profit from the property were totally held by the Bürgergemeinden , leaving the political municipality dependent on the Bürgergemeinde for money and use of the property. It was not until the political municipality acquired rights over property that served

1435-447: The political voting and electoral body rights from the Bürgergemeinde . In the cities, the percentage of members in the Bürgergemeinde in the population was reduced as a result of increasing emigration to the cities. This led to the Bürgergemeinde losing its former importance to a large extent. However, the Bürgergemeinde has remained, and it includes all individuals who are citizens of the Bürgergemeinde , usually by having inherited

1476-635: The population was 49.2% male and 50.8% female. The population was made up of 14,794 Swiss men (41.1% of the population) and 2,907 (8.1%) non-Swiss men. There were 15,754 Swiss women (43.8%) and 2,501 (7.0%) non-Swiss women. Of the population in the district, 12,883 or about 37.4% were born in Delémont and lived there in 2000. There were 10,201 or 29.6% who were born in the same canton, while 5,008 or 14.5% were born somewhere else in Switzerland, and 5,458 or 15.8% were born outside of Switzerland. As of 2000, there were 13,982 people who were single and never married in

1517-660: The population) belonged to no church, are agnostic or atheist , and 1,068 individuals (or about 3.10% of the population) did not answer the question. In Delémont about 11,963 or (34.7%) of the population have completed non-mandatory upper secondary education , and 3,049 or (8.8%) have completed additional higher education (either university or a Fachhochschule ). Of the 3,049 who completed tertiary schooling, 60.1% were Swiss men, 26.0% were Swiss women, 8.5% were non-Swiss men and 5.4% were non-Swiss women. The Canton of Jura school system provides two year of non-obligatory Kindergarten , followed by six years of Primary school. This

1558-498: The public (such as schools, fire stations, etc.) and taxes, that they obtained full independence. For example, in the city of Bern, it was not until after the property division of 1852 that the political municipality had the right to levy taxes. It was not until the Federal Constitution of 1874 that all Swiss citizens were granted equal political rights on local and Federal levels. This revised constitution finally removed all

1599-460: The right to confer doctoral degrees is still generally reserved to Universitäten . In 2016, however, Fulda University of Applied Sciences became the first Fachhochschule to be conferred this right for its graduate center for social sciences. Several Fachhochschulen run doctoral programs where the degree itself is awarded by a partner university in Germany or abroad (similar to the doctoral programs in German research institutes , such as

1640-483: The smallest communities. Only Bister has not merged into a new municipality although the smallest municipality is now Kammersrohr with a population of just 32. In addition to the municipalities as basic territorial political subdivisions, a number of other local subdivisions exist in several cantons. These include: Fachhochschule A Fachhochschule ( German: [ˈfaxhoːxʃuːlə] ; plural Fachhochschulen ), abbreviated FH ,

1681-659: The so-called municipality, was a political community formed by election and its voting body consists of all resident citizens. However, the community land and property remained with the former local citizens who were gathered together into the Bürgergemeinde /bourgeoisie. During the Mediation era (1803–1814), and especially during the Restoration era (1814–1830), many of the gains toward uniform citizenship were lost. Many political municipalities were abolished and limits were placed on

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