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29-507: The library opened on 12 January 1785 following an endowment from Carl Deichman , who also bequeathed 7,000 books and 150 manuscripts which formed the basis of the library's collection. From the start the library was open to all citizens. At the time most lending libraries charged a membership fee, making it impossible for poorer people to access them. However, the initial collection was largely made up of texts in German, French, Latin and Danish and

58-518: A coin collection. In his will Carl Deichman bequeathed his book collection to the city of Christiania. Deichman Library was opened in 1785. This collection and an additional endowment formed the initial basis for the Deichmanske bibliotek of the Oslo Public Library . Deichman Library now consists of 22 branch libraries located all over Oslo. Carl Deichman's original collection is still intact and

87-655: A style invented by Sondre Norheim , and the characteristic Telemark landing of ski jumping . Telemark is also known as the centre of the Bunad movement. Telemark has more buildings from medieval times than any other Norwegian region. Telemark is located in southeastern Norway, extending from the Hardangervidda mountain plateau in the North to the Skagerrak coast in the South. Telemark has

116-562: A varied and scenic landscape, including a rugged coastline, valleys, lakes, hills mountains, and mountain plateaus. Southern Telemark is the location of the Gea Norvegica UNESCO Global Geopark (UGG), established in 2006. The UGG carries significance to Norway with an abundance of larvikite along the Oslo Rift , Paleozoic fossils, geological artifacts of glacial retreat from the last glacial maximum , and rocks from

145-494: Is from modern times (1970). It shows an old type of battle axe , significant for the county. The county coat of arms valid from 1 January 2024 is a redesigned version of the county coat of arms for Telemark county from 1970 until the county merger in 2020. The county is conventionally divided into traditional districts. Traditionally the county is mainly divided into Upper Telemark (historically called simply Telemark or more recently Telemark proper) and Grenland . Upper Telemark

174-608: Is now part of the National Library of Norway . The library's main building, Deichman Bjørvika, is in the Bjørvika district of Oslo, next to the Opera and the new Munch Museum , part of the Fjord City renewal project. It was designed by architectural firms Lundhagem and Atelier Oslo Deichman Bjørvika opened to the public on 18 June 2020. Deichman Bjørvika has won several awards, including

203-463: Is sometimes subdivided into Vest-Telemark and Aust-Telemark . The name Lower Telemark traditionally refers to Grenland and Midt-Telemark , but was more of an administrative region than a cultural one. Regardless of definition, Upper Telemark constitutes the largest part by far. For example, the modern provostship of Upper Telemark comprises 12 municipalities and more than 80% of Telemark, also including Midt-Telemark. An additional district, Vestmar

232-467: Is well preserved in the main library. Telemark Telemark ( pronounced [ˈtêːləmɑrk] ) is a county and a current electoral district in Norway . Telemark borders the counties of Vestfold , Buskerud , Vestland , Rogaland and Agder . In 2020, Telemark merged with the county of Vestfold to form the county of Vestfold og Telemark . On 1 January 2024, the county of Telemark

261-741: The International Federation of Library Associations and Institutions / Systematic Public Library of the Year award [2] . The building will also hold manuscripts contributed to the Future Library project , among them texts by Margaret Atwood and David Mitchell . The building houses several busts, including one of Karen-Christine Friele . It featured as part of the introduction of the Norwegian finalist during Eurovision 2023 Contest. Carl Deichman Carl Deichman (1705 – 21 April 1780)

290-517: The Norsk Hydro heavy water and fertilizer production in Upper Telemark . Telemark county was re-established on 1 January 2024, following a vote of the county council of Vestfold og Telemark on 15 February 2022 to split the newly established county into its respective counties that existed before the merger took place; Telemark and Vestfold. Telemark county was established as the fief Bratsberg in

319-556: The Sveconorwegian Orogeny . It it the first UGG in Scandinavia. The international road E18 goes through the southern parts of Telemark, namely Grenland and the municipality of Kragerø . E134 , another important motorway and the fastest route between Oslo and Bergen , goes through the municipalities of Vinje , Tokke , Kviteseid , Seljord , Hjartdal and Notodden . RV36 , stretching from Porsgrunn to Seljord, links

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348-640: The E18 and E134 motorways. Telemark is well served by railways. The Sørlandet Line runs through the traditional districts of Vestmar and Midt-Telemark, serving the municipalities of Drangedal , Nome , Bø and Sauherad . Grenland is primarily served by the Vestfold Line , but also has connections through the Bratsberg Line which runs between Skien and Notodden . From Langesund, Fjordline operates ferry services to Sweden and Denmark . The main bus lines in

377-628: The Skien fjord are flatter regions located closer to or at the coast. Historically Grenland referred to what is now called Midt-Telemark , but over time the name Grenland has come to refer to the Skien fjord area. The latter is traditionally characterized by its cities and its involvement in seafaring and trade. It also includes several larger agricultural properties and estates, as well as industry. The culture and social structure are more urban, far less traditional, more influenced by contact with continental Europe and far less egalitarian. The most important city of

406-492: The borrowing of books increased by 25 times. The library had an estimated 4,000 visitors a day. The library now has a bust of Nyhuus. The library has several specialised departments, such as a music department, and a department for children and youth (decorated by Tulla Blomberg Ranslet ), a department for prison libraries and a library for patients at the Rikshospital . It previously also housed The Multilingual Library , which

435-620: The country. Upper Telemark is also known as the birthplace of skiing . The southern part of Telemark, Grenland , is more urban and influenced by trade with the Low Countries , northern Germany , Denmark and the British Isles . Telemark has been one of Norway's most important industrial regions for centuries, marked in particular by the Norske Skog Union paper mills in Grenland and

464-529: The death of his father's brother Evert Deichman in 1734, he purchased Fossum works ( Fossum Verk ) at Gjerpen in Telemark together with his elder brother, Vilhelm Deichman (1709-1769) and brother-in-law Herman Leopoldus Løvenskiold (1701–1759), husband of their sister Margrethe Deichman. Carl and Vilhelm Deichman became co-owners of Bolvig Ironworks ( Bolvik Jernverk ) in Telemark in 1734-1741. In 1737 he bought

493-624: The largest of them, which is now called Upper Telemark , but which was historically simply called Telemark. Telemark is named for the Thelir (Þilir in Old Norse), the ancient North Germanic tribe that inhabited what is now known as Upper Telemark since the Migration Period and during the Viking Age . The Norse form of the name was Þelamǫrk . The first element is the genitive plural case of Þilir while

522-561: The last element is mǫrk "woodland, borderland, march ". Traditional Telemark, i.e. Upper Telemark, is located in the inland and comprises more than two thirds of it according to its traditional definition. Both in medieval times and later (Upper) Telemark was the region of Norway with the most self-owning farmers. It retained Norse culture to a larger degree than any other region in Norway, with respect to its more egalitarian organisation of society, religion, traditional values and language. Thus

551-423: The late Middle Ages, during Norway's union with Denmark . With the introduction of absolute monarchy in 1662 it became a county, and it was renamed Telemark in 1919 and was a county until 2020. The county administration was in the port town Skien , which was in the early modern period Norway's most important city, ahead of Christiania. Telemark consists of several distinct historical regions. It takes its name from

580-640: The people of Telemark were often described during the Middle Ages and early modern era as the most violent in Norway. The dialects of Upper Telemark are also the dialects of Norwegian that are closest to Old Norse . The farmers of Telemark were marked by a strong-willed conservatism and belief in their traditional values that often defied the central authorities of Denmark-Norway; for example they held on to aspects of both Old Norse religion and later of Catholicism longer than other regions in Norway. (Upper) Telemark traditionally lacks cities entirely. Grenland and

609-471: The region are operated by Telemark Bilruter , serving western and middle parts of the region, and Nettbuss which serves the middle, eastern and southern parts of the region. Drangedal Bilruter serves the Vestmar region. The largest population centres are Skien , Porsgrunn , Notodden , Rjukan and Kragerø . Other important places are Bø , Seljord , Fyresdal and Vinje . The coat of arms of Telemark

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638-574: The region, Skien , was historically one of Norway's most important cities, although its importance declined after the Napoleonic Wars. The playwright Henrik Ibsen was a native of Skien, and many of his plays are set in places reminiscent of the city and area. During the Dano-Norwegian union the traditional regions of Telemark and Grenland/the Skien fjord became the fief ( len ) and later county ( amt ) of Bratsberg (Bradsberg). The fief and county

667-465: The share of Herman Løvenskiold. From 1753 the brothers were also for a time co-owners of Eidsfoss Ironworks ( Eidsfoss jernverk ) in Vestfold . After his brother Vilhelm died in 1769, Carl Deichman became the sole owner of their not insignificant common fortune. At the time of his death in 1780, his personal collection consisted of over 6,000 books in addition to manuscripts, diplomas, maps, antiques and

696-575: Was a Norwegian businessman, industrialist, book collector and philanthropist. His endowment lead to the founding of the Oslo Public Library officially known as Deichman Library ( Deichmanske bibliotek ). Deichman was born in Viborg, Denmark . He grew up in Christiania (now Oslo), Norway. He was one of the six children of Bartholomæus Deichman (1671–1731), Bishop of Christiania and Else Rosemeyer (ca. 1669-1745). He received his early education at home and

725-532: Was head librarian from 1898 to 1913, the library became a model for public libraries throughout the Nordic region. Nyhuus modernised the library along American lines, having spent eight years in America and been inspired by Carnegie libraries . Among his innovations were the introduction of reading rooms and the addition of books for children and young people. During Nyhuus' time as librarian, the collection tripled in size and

754-486: Was named after the farm Bratsberg, since this was the seat of the governor. In 1919 Bratsberg county was renamed Telemark. Despite this, Grenland retains a separate identity that is distinct from Telemark proper; the minority in the Storting voted for the name Grenland–Telemark in 1918. Upper Telemark, particularly Kviteseid , is known as the birthplace of skiing as a modern sport. Telemark lent its name to Telemark skiing ,

783-621: Was re-established after Vestfold og Telemark was divided again. The name Telemark means the " mark of the Thelir ", the ancient North Germanic tribe that inhabited what is now known as Upper Telemark in the Migration Period and the Viking Age . In the Middle Ages, the agricultural society of Upper Telemark was considered the most violent region of Norway. Today, half of the buildings from medieval times in Norway are located here. The dialects spoken in Upper Telemark also retain more elements of Old Norse than those spoken elsewhere in

812-589: Was taught Latin, language, history and political science. He was first employed in 1726 at the court of King Frederick IV in Copenhagen . In 1733, he was appointed Chancellor and assessor in the court trial in Christiania. He later settled at Porsgrunn in Telemark where he lived the rest of his life. Deichman had learned a practical knowledge of mining operations at the Kongsberg Silver Mines . After

841-540: Was therefore largely only of interest to members of the educated upper class. In 1802 it was decided to move the library to the Oslo Cathedral School and to merge it with the school's collection. Jacob Rosted was both librarian of the Deichman Library and rector of the school. The library remained part of the school until the mid-1800s, when it got its own premises. Under the leadership of Haakon Nyhuus , who

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