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68-741: The Defence Services Technological Academy was established as the Defence Services Institute of Technology (DSIT) on 1 February 1993 at Pyin Oo Lwin when all civilian colleges and universities in Myanmar were shut down by the military government , following the 1988 nationwide uprising . The military went on to establish a parallel system of colleges and universities for itself, including DSTA, Defence Services Medical Academy , and Defence Services Institute of Nursing and Paramedical Science . Lt. Col. Win Myint

136-661: A damning report the following year. In November 2006, the International Labour Organization (ILO) announced it was to seek at the International Criminal Court "to prosecute members of the ruling Myanmar junta for crimes against humanity" over the allegations of forced labour of its citizens by the military. According to the ILO, an estimated 800,000 people are subject to forced labour in Burma. Even before

204-498: A military programs that begins on their first day at DSTA. Cadets divided into one of two battalions-- Anawrahta or Bayinnaung . Each battalion is divided into five companies, in the structure of Burmese army. Most military training takes place during the winter, with new cadets undergoing Cadet Basic Training --or Beast Barracks—the first year, followed by Cadet Field Training in the second year. Cadets are housed in barracks and have leadership positions and responsibilities throughout

272-913: Is Myanmar's most populous city and its most important commercial centre. Yangon boasts the largest number of colonial-era buildings in Southeast Asia, and has a unique colonial-era urban core that is remarkably intact. The colonial-era commercial core is centered around the Sule Pagoda , which is reputed to be over 2,000 years old. The city is also home to the gilded Shwedagon Pagoda – Myanmar's most sacred and famous Buddhist pagoda. Yangon suffers from deeply inadequate infrastructure , especially compared to other major cities in Southeast Asia , such as Jakarta , Bangkok or Hanoi . Though many historic residential and commercial buildings have been renovated throughout central Yangon, most satellite towns that ring

340-538: Is UTC/GMT +6:30 hours. 23 meters above sea level. Due to its location on the Irrawaddy Delta, intertidal flat ecosystems occur adjacent to the city. Yangon has a tropical monsoon climate (Am) under the Köppen climate classification system. The city features a lengthy wet season from May through October where a substantial amount of rainfall is received; and a dry season from November through April, where little rainfall

408-828: Is a member of the Asian Network of Major Cities 21 . Yangon is Burma's main domestic and international hub for air, rail, and ground transportation. Yangon International Airport , located 12 miles (19 km) from the center, is the country's main gateway for domestic and international air travel. The airport has three terminals, known as T1, T2 and T3 which is also known as Domestic. It has direct flights to major cities in Asia, such as Tokyo , Shanghai , Seoul , Singapore , Hong Kong , Kuala Lumpur , Kolkata , and Dubai . Although domestic airlines offer service to about forty domestic locations, most flights are to tourist destinations such as Bagan , Mandalay , Heho and Ngapali , and to

476-558: Is a proposed rapid transit system, due to begin construction in 2022 and be complete by 2027. Yangon has a 4,456-kilometre (2,769 mi) road network of all types (tar, concrete and dirt) in March 2011. Many of the roads are in poor condition and not wide enough to accommodate an increasing number of cars. The vast majority of Yangon residents cannot afford a car and rely on an extensive network of buses to get around. Over 300 public and private bus lines operate about 6,300 crowded buses around

544-697: Is administered by the Yangon City Development Committee (YCDC). YCDC also coordinates urban planning . The city is made up of 33 townships and is part of Yangon Region . Yangon Region is divided into four districts, which overlap with the city's jurisdiction. The current mayor of Yangon is Maung Maung Soe . Each township is administered by a Township Development Committee, alongside local leaders who make decisions regarding city beautification and infrastructure. Myo-thit (lit. "New Towns", or satellite towns ) are not within such jurisdictions. List of Yangon City Townships by District: Yangon

612-730: Is due to rule that no building should be more than 75% the height above sea level of Shwedagon Pagoda , which rises about 160 metres (520 ft). For instance, in 2015, a luxury housing project was cancelled due to its proximity to Shwedagon Pagoda. Critics of the project claimed that the project could cause structural damage to the pagoda. Aside from a few high-rise hotels and office towers, most high-rise buildings (usually 10 stories and up) are "condos" scattered across prosperous neighborhoods north of downtown such as Bahan , Dagon , Kamayut and Mayangon . Older satellite towns such as Thaketa , North Okkalapa , and South Okkalapa are lined mostly with one to two-story detached houses with access to

680-563: Is heavily used by the local populace, selling about 150,000 tickets daily. The popularity of the commuter line has jumped since the government reduced petrol subsidies in August 2007. In 2017 the government of Japan provided more than US$ 200 million in finance to assist with a range of works including developing and maintaining the Yangon circular railway line, purchasing new carriages and upgrading signalling. The Yangon Urban Mass Rapid Transit

748-512: Is highly expensive for most of its citizens. As the government allows only a few thousand cars to be imported each year in a country with over 50 million people, car prices in Yangon (and in Burma) are among the highest in the world. In July 2008, the two most popular cars in Yangon, 1986/87 Nissan Sunny Super Saloon and 1988 Toyota Corolla SE Limited, cost the equivalent of about US$ 20,000 and US$ 29,000 respectively. A sports utility vehicle, imported for

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816-414: Is illegal to drive trishaws , bicycles, and motorcycles. Since February 2010, pick-up truck bus lines have been forbidden to run in six townships of central Yangon, namely Latha , Lanmadaw , Pabedan , Kyauktada , Botahtaung and Pazundaung Townships . In May 2003, a ban on using car horns was implemented in six townships of Downtown Yangon to reduce noise pollution . In April 2004, the car horn ban

884-511: Is imposed mainly by the military, for portering (that is, carrying of provisions to remote bases, or on military operations), road construction, camp construction and repair, and for a range of other tasks. In March 1997, the European Union withdrew Burma's trade privileges because of the prevalence of forced labour and other abuses. The same year, the ILO established a Commission of Inquiry to look into allegations of forced labour, coming up with

952-617: Is known for its leafy avenues and fin-de-siècle architecture. The former British colonial capital has the highest number of colonial period buildings in south-east Asia. Downtown Yangon is still mainly made up of decaying colonial buildings. The former High Court , the former Secretariat buildings , the former St. Paul's English High School and the Strand Hotel are excellent examples of the bygone era. Most downtown buildings from this era are four-story mix-use (residential and commercial) buildings with 14-foot (4.3 m) ceilings, allowing for

1020-425: Is seen. It is primarily due to the heavy rainfall received during the rainy season that makes Yangon fall under the tropical monsoon climate category. During the course of year 1961 to 1990s, average temperatures show little variance, with average highs ranging from 29 to 36 °C (84 to 97 °F) and average lows ranging from 18 to 25 °C (64 to 77 °F). Yangon is prone to tropical cyclones every time of

1088-493: Is the eight-story apartment building . (In Yangon parlance, a building with no elevators (lifts) is called an apartment building and one with elevators is called a condominium . Condos which have to invest in a local power generator to ensure 24-hour electricity for the elevators are beyond the reach of most Yangonites.) Found throughout the city, eight-story apartment buildings provide inexpensive housing for many Yangonites. The apartments are usually eight stories high (including

1156-603: The 8888 Uprising . On the day it seized power SLORC issued Order No.1/1988 stating that the Armed Forces had taken over power and announced the formation of the SLORC. With Order No. 2/1988, the SLORC abolished all organs of state power that were formed under the 1974 Burmese constitution. The Pyithu Hluttaw (the legislature under the 1974 Constitution), the Council of Ministers (the Cabinet),

1224-604: The Indian Rebellion of 1857 , the British sent Bahadur Shah II , the last Mughal emperor, to Yangon to live in exile. Colonial Yangon, with its spacious parks and lakes and mix of modern buildings and traditional wooden architecture, was known as "the garden city of the East." By the early 20th century, Yangon had public services and infrastructure on par with London. Before World War II , about 55% of Yangon's population of 500,000

1292-466: The Irrawaddy Delta . The authorities emptied some public buildings and schools to use as polling stations for the 24 May referendum on a new constitution, despite pleas from United Nations Secretary-General Ban Ki-moon to postpone the referendum and focus their resources on humanitarian relief . The SPDC was alleged to have evicted people from dozens of government-operated tented relief camps in

1360-576: The Union Solidarity and Development Association which was replaced by Union Solidarity and Development Party on 29 March 2010 in time for the elections. Although the regime retreated from the totalitarian Burmese Way to Socialism of the BSPP when it took power in 1988, the regime was widely accused of human rights abuses . It rejected the 1990 election results and kept Aung San Suu Kyi under house arrest until her release on 13 November 2010. The way

1428-655: The 100-foot (30 m) Lanmadaw Road is followed by 30-foot (9.1 m)-wide 17th and 18th streets then the medium 50-foot (15 m) Sint-Oh-Dan Road, the 30-foot 19th and 20th streets, followed by another 100-foot (30 m) wide Latha Road, followed again by the two numbered small roads 21st and 22nd streets, and so on. The roads running parallel west to east were the Strand Road, Merchant Road, Maha Bandula (née Dalhousie) Road, Anawrahta (Fraser) Road, and Bogyoke Aung San (Montgomerie) Road. The largest and best maintained parks in Yangon are located around Shwedagon Pagoda . To

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1496-580: The 19 September 1988 issue of The Working People's Daily . The first Chairman of SLORC was General Saw Maung , later Senior General , who was also the Prime Minister. He was removed as both Chairman of SLORC and Prime Minister on 23 April 1992 when General Than Shwe , later Senior General , took over both posts from him. On 15 November 1997, SLORC was abolished and reconstituted as the State Peace and Development Council (SPDC). Most, but not all members of

1564-532: The 1974 Burmese Constitution the Council of Ministers acted as a Cabinet but since the Deputy Ministers were not considered to be formally part of the Council of Ministers, the SLORC made sure that the Deputy Ministers – together with the Ministers' – services in the previous BSPP government from whom it had taken over power were also terminated.) The Orders that SLORC issued on the day of its takeover can be seen in

1632-422: The 1980s. Today, Greater Yangon encompasses an area covering nearly 600 square kilometres (230 sq mi). During Ne Win 's isolationist rule (1962–88), Yangon's infrastructure deteriorated through poor maintenance and did not keep up with its increasing population. In the 1990s, the military government's more open market policies attracted domestic and foreign investment, bringing a modicum of modernity to

1700-714: The Child Soldiers Global Report 2008 and Amnesty International . The UN Secretary-General named the SPDC in four consecutive reports for violating international standards prohibiting the recruitment and use of child soldiers. Human Rights Watch reported that since Cyclone Nargis in May 2008, the Burmese authorities expelled hundreds, if not thousands, of displaced persons from schools, monasteries, and public buildings, and encouraged them to return to their destroyed villages in

1768-673: The Council of People's Justices (the Judiciary ), the Council of People's Attorneys (the Attorney-General Office), the Council of People's Inspectors (the Auditor -General Office), as well as the State/Region, Township, Ward/Village People's Councils were abolished. The SLORC also stated that the services of the Deputy Ministers in the previous Burma Socialist Programme Party ( BSPP ) government which it replaced were also terminated. (Under

1836-539: The SPDC, the Burmese army engaged in military offensives against ethnic minority populations, committing acts that violated international humanitarian law . It has been alleged that the SPDC forcibly recruited children – some as young as 10 – to serve in its army, the Tatmadaw . It is difficult to estimate the number of child soldiers used to serve in the Burmese army, but there were thousands, according to Human Rights Watch

1904-541: The UN Guiding Principles on Internal Displacement, the Burmese government was urged to ensure the right of "internally displaced persons to return voluntarily, in safety and with dignity, to their homes or places of habitual residence, or to resettle voluntarily in another part of the country." According to the International Labour Organization (ILO), despite the new quasi-civilian government taking power in Burma, forced labour continues to be widespread in Burma. It

1972-721: The abolished SLORC, were in the SPDC military regime. Ordered by protocol: Western non-governmental organisations, such as the Burma Campaign UK , the US Campaign for Burma , Amnesty International and Human Rights Watch have made a variety of serious accusations against the SPDC. Reports by these organisations as well as the United Nations and the Karen Human Rights Group alleged gross human rights abuses that took place in Burma under their regime, including: One of

2040-949: The academic year. The DSTA campus is located in Wetwun, near Pyin-Oo-Lwin on the Mandalay-Lasho highway, and on the opposite side of town from its brother school, Defence Services Academy . DSTA is part of the military education facilities established around Pyin Oo Lwin area which is also home to Defence Services Administration School, and the Army Training Depot. At 2015, There is no majors for Navy and Air force. Cadets from all majors are selected for Army, Navy, Air force. State Peace and Development Council The State Peace and Development Council ( Burmese : နိုင်ငံတော် အေးချမ်းသာယာရေး နှင့် ဖွံ့ဖြိုးရေး ကောင်စီ [nàɪɰ̃ŋàɰ̃dɔ̀ ʔédʑáɰ̃θàjajé n̥ḭɰ̃ pʰʊ̰ɰ̃bjó jé kaʊ̀ɰ̃sì] ; abbreviated SPDC or နအဖ , [na̰ʔa̰pʰa̰] )

2108-534: The capital Naypyidaw . Yangon Central Railway Station is the main terminus of Myanmar Railways ' 5,403-kilometre (3,357 mi) rail network whose reach covers Upper Myanmar ( Naypyidaw , Mandalay , Shwebo ), upcountry ( Myitkyina ), Shan hills ( Taunggyi , Lashio ) and the Taninthayi coast ( Mawlamyine , Dawei ). Yangon Circular Railway operates a 45.9-kilometre (28.5 mi) 39-station commuter rail network that connects Yangon's satellite towns. The system

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2176-552: The capital of Rangoon (now Yangon ). The new regional military commanders were not included in the membership of the SPDC. The SPDC consisted of eleven senior military officers. The members of the junta wielded a great deal more power than the cabinet ministers , who were either more-junior military officers or civilians. The exception was the Defence Ministry portfolio, which was in the hands of junta leader Senior General Than Shwe himself. On 15 September 1993, it established

2244-482: The capital of all British-ruled Burma after the British had captured Upper Burma in the Third Anglo-Burmese War of 1885. By the 1890s Yangon's increasing population and commerce gave birth to prosperous residential suburbs to the north of Royal Lake (Kandawgyi) and Inya Lake . The British also established hospitals including Rangoon General Hospital and colleges including Rangoon University . After

2312-653: The city continue to be profoundly impoverished and lack basic infrastructure. The name Yangon ( ရန်ကုန် ) is derived from the combination of the Burmese words yan ( ရန် ) and koun ( ကုန် ), which mean 'enemies' and 'run out of', respectively. This word combination can be translated as 'End of Strife'. The name is pronounced / ˌ j æ ŋ ˈ ɡ ɒ n / yang- GON in British English and / ˌ j ɑː n ˈ ɡ oʊ n / yahn- GOHN in American English. The former romanization, Rangoon ,

2380-407: The city had few human casualties, three-quarters of Yangon's industrial infrastructure was destroyed or damaged, with losses estimated at US$ 800 million. In November 2005, the military government designated Naypyidaw , 320 kilometres (199 mi) north of Yangon, as the new administrative capital, and moved much of the government to the newly developed city. Yangon remains the largest city and

2448-558: The city to its industrial back country. Still, much of Yangon remains without basic municipal services such as 24-hour electricity and regular garbage collection. Yangon has become much more indigenous Burmese in its ethnic make-up since independence. After independence, many South Asians and Anglo-Burmese left. Many more South Asians were forced to leave during the 1960s by Ne Win's xenophobic government. Nevertheless, sizeable South Asian and Chinese communities still exist in Yangon. The Anglo-Burmese have effectively disappeared, having left

2516-484: The city's electricity grid. Newer satellite towns such as North Dagon and South Dagon are in a grid layout. The satellite towns—old or new—receive little or no municipal services. Downtown Yangon 's road layout follows a grid pattern, based on four types of roads: The east–west grid of central was laid out by British military engineers Fraser and Montgomerie after the Second Anglo-Burmese War . The city

2584-503: The city's infrastructure. Some inner city residents were forcibly relocated to new satellite towns. Many colonial-period buildings were demolished to make way for high-rise hotels, office buildings, and shopping malls, leading the city government to place about 200 notable colonial-period buildings under the Yangon City Heritage List in 1996. Major building programs have resulted in six new bridges and five new highways linking

2652-422: The city, carrying over 4.4 million passengers a day. All buses and 80% of the taxis in Yangon run on compressed natural gas (CNG), following the 2005 government decree to save money on imported petroleum. Highway buses to other cities depart from Dagon Ayeyar Highway Bus Terminal for Irrawaddy delta region and Aung Mingala Highway Bus Terminal for other parts of the country. Motor transportation in Yangon

2720-513: The commercial and political hub of British Burma . After the war, the British moved the capital of British Burma from Moulmein (present-day Mawlamyine ) to Yangon. Based on the design by army engineer Lt. Alexander Fraser, the British constructed a new city on a grid plan on delta land, bounded to the east by the Pazundaung Creek and to the south and west by the Yangon River . Yangon became

2788-721: The construction of mezzanines . Despite their less-than-perfect conditions, the buildings remain highly sought after and most expensive in the city's property market. In 1996, the Yangon City Development Committee created a Yangon City Heritage List of old buildings and structures in the city that cannot be modified or torn down without approval. In 2012, the city of Yangon imposed a 50-year moratorium on demolition of buildings older than 50 years. The Yangon Heritage Trust , an NGO started by Thant Myint-U , aims to create heritage areas in Downtown, and attract investors to renovate buildings for commercial use. A latter-day hallmark of Yangon

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2856-633: The council. SLORC succeeded the Pyithu Hluttaw as a legislature and the Council of State as a ruling council, after dissolving the state organs of the Socialist Republic of the Union of Burma . In 1997, SLORC was abolished and reconstituted as the State Peace and Development Council (SPDC). The powerful regional military commanders, who were members of SLORC, were promoted to new positions and transferred to

2924-465: The country or intermarried with other Burmese groups. Yangon was the centre of major anti-government protests in 1974 , 1988 and 2007 . In particular, the 8888 Uprising resulted in the deaths of hundreds, if not thousands of Burmese civilians, many of them in Yangoon where hundreds of thousands of people flooded into the streets of the former capital city. The Saffron Revolution saw mass shootings and

2992-493: The crackdown. Mass round-ups occurred during the crackdown itself, and the authorities continued to arrest protesters and supporters throughout 2007. Between 3,000 and 4,000 political prisoners were detained, including children and pregnant women, 700 of whom were believed still in detention at year's end. At least 20 were charged and sentenced under anti-terrorism legislation in proceedings which did not meet international fair trial standards. Detainees and defendants were denied

3060-594: The enlarged town "Yangon". In the 1790s, the East India Company opened a factory in Yangon. The estimated population of Yangon in 1823 was about 30,000. The British captured Yangon during the First Anglo-Burmese War (1824–26), but returned the city to Burmese rule after the war. The city was destroyed by a fire in 1841. The British captured Yangon and all of Lower Burma in the Second Anglo-Burmese War of 1852, and subsequently transformed Yangon into

3128-594: The entrance selection process takes about 5 days at "Officer Testing Team(OTT)" in Nay Pyi Taw .According to official statistics, DSTA takes 1 out of 145 applicants at selection process. The academy offers six-year Bachelor of Engineering degree programs in various disciplines, but primarily in Mechanical Engineering and Electrical Engineering in addition to required cadet training. Cadet training also includes basic military skills, including leadership, through

3196-468: The equivalent of around US$ 50,000, goes for US$ 250,000. Illegally imported unregistered cars are cheaper – typically about half the price of registered cars. Nonetheless, car usage in Yangon is on the rise, a sign of rising incomes for some, and already causes much traffic congestion in highway-less Yangon's streets. In 2011, Yangon had about 300,000 registered motor vehicles in addition to an unknown number of unregistered ones. Within Yangon city limits, it

3264-418: The former parading ground on important national days when Yangon was the capital. A few miles north of the pagoda lies the 37-acre (15-ha) Inya Lake Park – a favourite hangout place of Yangon University students, and a well-known place of romance in Burmese popular culture. Hlawga National Park and Allied War Memorial at the outskirts of the city are popular day-trip destinations with tourists. Yangon

3332-567: The ground floor) mainly because city regulations, until February 2008, required that all buildings higher than 75 feet (23 m) or eight stories to install lifts. The code calls for elevators in buildings higher than 62 feet (19 m) or six stories, likely ushering in the era of the six-story apartment building. Although most apartment buildings were built only within the last 20 years, they look much older and rundown due to shoddy construction and lack of proper maintenance. Unlike other major Asian cities, Yangon does not have any skyscrapers. This

3400-600: The junta handled Cyclone Nargis was also internationally criticised. The council was officially dissolved on 30 March 2011, with the inauguration of the newly elected government , led by its former member and Prime Minister, President Thein Sein . The State Law and Order Restoration Council was formed when the Burmese Armed Forces , commanded by General Saw Maung (later self-promoted to Senior General Saw Maung, died July 1997), seized power on 18 September 1988 crushing

3468-572: The junta unfit to make such changes, nor by many publications and news bureaus, including, most notably, the BBC and foreign nations including the United Kingdom and the United States.) Since independence, Yangon has expanded outwards. Successive governments have built satellite towns such as Thaketa , North Okkalapa and South Okkalapa in the 1950s to Hlaingthaya , Shwepyitha and South Dagon in

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3536-405: The large-scale demonstrations began in August 2007, the authorities arrested many well-known opponents of the government on political grounds, several of whom had only been released from prison several months earlier. Before the 25–29 September crackdown, more arrests of members of the opposition party National League for Democracy (NLD) took place, which critics say was a pre-emptive measure before

3604-593: The late 1980s, however, the city began a rapid spread north to where Yangon International Airport now stands. But the result is a stretching tail on the city, with the downtown area well removed from its geographic centre. The city's area has steadily increased from 72.52 square kilometres (28.00 sq mi) in 1901 to 86.2 square kilometres (33.3 sq mi) in 1940 to 208.51 square kilometres (80.51 sq mi) in 1974, to 346.13 square kilometres (133.64 sq mi) in 1985, and to 598.75 square kilometres (231.18 sq mi) in 2008. Downtown Yangon

3672-510: The most important commercial, economic and cultural center of Myanmar. On 7 May 2005, a series of coordinated bombings occurred in the city of Yangon, Myanmar. Eleven people were killed in the attack, and one of the 162 people that were injured was a member of the LCMS mission team to Myanmar. In the 2020s, life in Yangon was greatly affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and 2021 coup d'état . The city

3740-463: The right to legal counsel. Yangon Yangon , formerly romanized as Rangoon , is the capital of the Yangon Region and the largest city of Myanmar . Yangon served as the capital of Myanmar until 2006, when the military government relocated the administrative functions to the purpose-built capital city of Naypyidaw in north central Myanmar. With over five million people, Yangon

3808-430: The south-east of the gilded stupa is the most popular recreational area in the city – Kandawgyi Lake . The 150-acre (61-ha) lake is surrounded by the 110-acre (45-ha) Kandawgyi Nature Park , and the 69.25-acre (28-ha) Yangon Zoological Gardens , which consists of a zoo, an aquarium and an amusement park. West of the pagoda towards the former Hluttaw (Parliament) complex is the 130-acre (53-ha) People's Square and Park ,

3876-568: The town from 1364 to 1392, and her grandniece, Shin Saw Pu , who later became the only female queen regnant in Burmese history . Queen Saw Pu built a palace next to the Shwedagon Pagoda in the town in 1460 and spent her semi-retired life at that palace until her death in 1471. In 1755, King Alaungpaya , the founder of the Konbaung dynasty captured Dagon, added settlements around it, and called

3944-480: The use of crematoria in Yangoon by the Burmese government to erase evidence of their crimes against monks, unarmed protesters, journalists and students. The city's streets saw bloodshed each time as protesters were gunned down by the government, most notably during the 1988 , 2007 , and the 2021 mass protests, all of which were started in Yangon itself, signifying its importance as the cultural centre of Burma . In May 2008, Cyclone Nargis hit Yangon. While

4012-483: The vicinity of the former capital Yangon , ordering the residents to return to their homes, regardless of the conditions they face. The forced evictions were part of government efforts to demonstrate that the emergency relief period was over and that the affected population were capable of rebuilding their lives without foreign aid . People who were forced from their homes by Cyclone Nargis are considered to be internally displaced persons under international law. Under

4080-402: The worst atrocities in Burma took place during the uprising of August 1988 , when millions of Burmese marched throughout the country calling for an end to military rule. Soldiers shot hundreds of protesters and killed an estimated 3,000 people in the following weeks. During the August and September demonstrations of 2007 , at least 184 protesters were shot and killed and many were tortured. Under

4148-530: The year. In 2008, Cyclone Nargis made landfall as a Category 4 cyclone, making it the worst cyclone on the country's record. Until the mid-1990s, Yangon remained largely constrained to its traditional peninsula setting between the Bago , Yangon, and Hlaing Rivers . People moved in, but little of the city moved out. Maps from 1944 show little development north of Inya Lake and areas that are now layered in cement and stacked with houses were then virtual backwaters. Since

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4216-484: Was Indian or South Asian , and only about a third was Bamar (Burman). Karens , Chinese , Anglo-Burmese and others made up the rest. After World War I , Yangon became the center of the Burmese independence movement, with leftist Rangoon University students leading the way. Three nationwide strikes against British rule in 1920, 1936, and 1938 all began in Yangon. Yangon was under Japanese occupation (1942–45), and incurred heavy damage during World War II. The city

4284-720: Was assigned to carry out this duty. The first "intake" of students graduated with Bachelor of Engineering (B.E.) degrees in 1999. The academy's graduation ceremonies, as with those of all other military-run academies, are attended by the highest ranks of the military government. As one of the elite military academies in Union of Myanmar, the academy maintains a rigorous selection process, including physical fitness testing, ability for teamwork and comradeship screening, psychometric and general interviews. The entrance selection process takes about 5 to 7 days at Myanmar Military Officer Selection Board in Yangon before 18th intake and after 18th intake,

4352-649: Was based on the Rakhine dialect , and pronounced / r æ ŋ ˈ ɡ uː n / rang- GOON in English. Yangon was founded as Dagon in the early 11th century ( c.  1028–1043 ) by the Mon people , who inhabited Lower Burma at that time. Dagon became an important pilgrimage pagoda town, starting in the 14th century, during the Hanthawaddy Kingdom . Notable governors of Dagon included Princess Maha Dewi , who ruled

4420-495: Was later developed by the Public Works Department and Bengal Corps of Engineers. The pattern of south to north roads is as follows: one broad 100-foot (30 m) wide broad road, two narrow streets, one mid-size street, two more narrow streets, and then another 100-foot (30 m) wide broad road. This order is repeated from west to east. The narrow streets are numbered; the medium and broad roads are named. For example,

4488-564: Was retaken by the Allies in May 1945. Yangon became the capital of the Union of Burma on 4 January 1948 when the country gained independence from British rule. Soon after Burma's independence in 1948, many colonial-era names of streets and parks were changed to more nationalistic Burmese names. In 1989, the military junta changed the city's English name to "Yangon", along with many other changes in English transliteration of Burmese names. (The changes have not been accepted by many Burmese who consider

4556-524: Was the location of mass protests in response to the coup. The pandemic and protests prompted authorities to enforce numerous lockdowns and curfews . The city's economy subsequently slowed. Yangon is located in Lower Burma (Myanmar) at the convergence of the Yangon and Bago Rivers about 30 km (19 mi) away from the Gulf of Martaban at 16°48' North, 96°09' East (16.8, 96.15). Its standard time zone

4624-458: Was the official name of the military government of Burma ( Myanmar ) which, in 1997, succeeded the State Law and Order Restoration Council (Burmese: နိုင်ငံတော် ငြိမ်ဝပ်ပိပြားမှု တည်ဆောက်ရေးအဖွဲ့ ; abbreviated SLORC or နဝတ ) that had seized power under the rule of Saw Maung in 1988. On 30 March 2011, Senior General and Council Chairman Than Shwe signed a decree that officially dissolved

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