List of forms of government
63-549: A debutante , also spelled débutante ( / ˈ d ɛ b j ʊ t ɑː n t / DEB -yuu-tahnt ; from French: débutante [debytɑ̃t] , ' female beginner ' ), or deb is a young woman of aristocratic or upper-class family background who has reached maturity and is presented to society at a formal "debut" ( UK : / ˈ d eɪ b juː , ˈ d ɛ b juː / DAY -bew, DEB -yoo , US : / d eɪ ˈ b juː / day- BEW ; French: début [deby] ) or possibly debutante ball . Originally,
126-500: A comedy of manners set during the deb season in Manhattan, and What a Girl Wants (2003), in which Amanda Bynes plays an American teen whose estranged father is a British lord, and who is presented at a coming-out party. Bynes is also featured in She's The Man , in which the main character attends a debutantes preparation program and finally a ball. Something New , a romantic comedy, has
189-634: A cotillion or debutante ball in the United States is a formal presentation of young women, debutantes, to " polite society ", typically hosted by a charity or society. Those introduced can vary from the ages of 16 to 18 (younger ages are more typical of Southern regions, while older are more commonplace in the North). In some areas, 15- and 16-year-olds are called "junior debutantes". Some families hold parties for their daughters alone; these "debutante parties" or "coming-out parties" might be combined with those for
252-549: A curtsy , also known as the St. James Bow or a full court bow to the attendees. The exception are Texas debutantes who are presented at the International Debutante Ball at New York City's Waldorf Astoria Hotel , who perform the " Texas Dip ". This gesture is made as the young woman is formally presented. Debutante balls exist in nearly every major city in the United States. They occur more frequently and are larger affairs in
315-517: A "coming-out" party is given. Aunt March talks to Marmee about when Meg will be introduced into society. Borat Subsequent Moviefilm (2020) includes a scene at a debutante ball at Johnston–Felton–Hay House in Macon, Georgia . In Mexico, Dominican Republic, Panama, Puerto Rico and Paraguay, debutantes are young girls who take part in a Festival de Debutantes , or a "Quince Años", held for their fifteenth birthdays. Quinceañera parties are also held in
378-422: A council of leading citizens was commonly empowered. That was contrasted with representative democracy in which a council of citizens was appointed as the "senate" of a city state or other political unit. The Greeks did not like the concept of monarchy, and as their democratic system fell, aristocracy was upheld. In his 1651 book Leviathan , Thomas Hobbes describes an aristocracy as a commonwealth in which
441-725: A debutante is usually presented at a ball during the Carnival season. Other southern debutante balls include the North Carolina Debutante Ball in North Carolina and the Bal du Bois and Richmond German Christmas Dance in Virginia. In New York City, there are still several deb balls, including the international one described above. Charity and social balls include the Infirmary (benefits
504-483: A debutante. She makes her debut at a Daughters of the American Revolution (DAR) debutante ball that her grandmother helped put together. In The Critic , Jay Sherman's younger sister Margo is persuaded to attend her debutante ball. In BoJack Horseman , the titular character's mother, Beatrice, is shown attending her debutante ball as a young adult through flashbacks in the season 4 episode "Time's Arrow". In
567-550: A few lessons in social dance, comportment, and in executing their curtsy. Since the early 20th century, the African-American community organized its own tradition of social organizations, some of which sponsor similar charitable events and activities. They hold their own cotillions and debutante balls for their upper classes. Successful African Americans could meet and make connections with others of their status at such events, and make social, political and economic connections for
630-451: A former debutante, i.e. a lady who had previously been presented to the sovereign, to apply on their behalf for permission. Such recommendations were often made by the mother of a young woman, or her mother-in-law if she was married. As eligibility expanded beyond British nobles, wealthy American families would sometimes pay British noblewomen to allow their daughters to become debutantes in the UK. If
693-503: A party shared with a sister or other member of family. Debutante presentations were cancelled in 1921 due to a coal miners' strike, and abbreviated in 1936 due to the impatience of King Edward VIII . The last debutantes were presented at the Court of St James's in 1958, after which Queen Elizabeth II abolished the ceremony; Princess Margaret , the Queen's sister, acidly remarked, "We had to put
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#1732924386827756-552: A powerful political force. The English Civil War involved the first sustained organised effort to reduce aristocratic power in Europe. In the 18th century, the rising merchant class attempted to use money to buy into the aristocracy, with some success. However, the French Revolution in the 1790s forced many French aristocrats into exile and caused consternation and shock in the aristocratic families of neighbouring countries. After
819-556: A representation of an American debutante ball. " Hi, Society ," (season 1, episode 10), " They Shoot Humphreys, Don't They? ," (season 3, episode 9), " Riding in Town Cars with Boys (season 5, episode 10), and "Monstrous Ball" (season 6, episode 5) of Gossip Girl , also from The O.C. creator Josh Schwartz , features a debutante ball in New York City. " Presenting Lorelai Gilmore ", an episode of Gilmore Girls shows Rory Gilmore as
882-474: A scene of upper-class African Americans at a cotillion on the West Coast. The Debut (2001), a film on contemporary Filipino-American life, explores a wide variety of cultural themes through an informal debutante event. The 1991 film The Addams Family is centered on the reconciliation of Gomez and Fester Addams . They had a falling out as teenagers at a debutante ball. In the film Little Women (1994),
945-846: A small number of girls. The events are sometimes known as debutante cotillion balls and are held for middle schoolers as a chance to teach manners. One of the most prestigious, most exclusive, and most expensive debutante balls in the world is the invitation-only International Debutante Ball held annually at the Waldorf Astoria Hotel in New York City, where girls from prominent world families are presented to high society . The International Debutante Ball has presented princesses , countesses, baronesses and many European royalty and aristocrats as debutantes to high society, including Princess Katarina of Yugoslavia , Vanessa von Bismarck (great-great-granddaughter of Otto von Bismarck ), Princess Natalya Elisabeth Davidovna Obolensky (granddaughter of
1008-541: A stop to it. Every tart in London was getting in", as British society was becoming more egalitarian. More "bluestocking" debutantes went to college after their debuts, and participants had been complaining about the physical and financial burden. Attempts were made to keep the tradition going by organising a series of parties for young women who might otherwise have been presented at court in their first season (to which suitable young men were also invited) by Peter Townend . However,
1071-546: A strict classical dance choreography organised by the Elmayer dance school . The debutantes are led into the opera house to the sounds of Carl Michael Ziehrer 's Fächerpolonaise. The dress code is evening dress: white tie and tails for men; strictly floor-length gowns for women. White opera gloves are still mandatory for female debutantes at the Vienna Opera Ball. Australia inherited the practice of debutante presentation from
1134-475: A train, which the debutante would hold on her arm until she was ready to be presented. Debutantes would wear pearls, but many would also wear jewellery that belonged to the family. After the debutantes had been presented to the monarch, they would attend the social season . The season consisted of events such as afternoon tea parties , polo matches, races at Royal Ascot , and balls . Many debutantes would also have their own "coming-out party" or, alternatively,
1197-410: Is white tie and tails for men, and strictly floor-length pure white ball gown for women. Long white gloves are commonly worn by female debutantes and are considered a symbol of upper-class femininity. Several television series focused on young people from wealthy families include episodes with debutante events. " The Debut ," an episode of The O.C. (a drama about wealthy Californians), featured
1260-543: Is a ballroom dance school in Vienna , Austria founded in 1919 by a former Austro-Hungarian Army officer Willy Elmayer von Vestenbrugg. It is considered one of the most prominent dance schools in the world and its "Elmayer Kränzchen" hosts the record for largest ball opening in the world. Students at Elmayer may also finish their courses with the official "Österreichische Tanzleistungsabzeichen" examination, which at higher levels grants students to hold their own dance classes. It
1323-687: Is held on the third Friday of January across the twenty-three salons of the Vienna Hofburg Palace and includes nine bands of different styles of music, military formations, and dancing troupes from around the world. The patron is the President of the Republic and it is hosted by the Chief of the Defense Staff. The entrance and presentation of the 80 debutantes is the highlight of the opening event, followed by
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#17329243868271386-499: Is not in modern times understood in opposition to oligarchy or strictly as a form of government, with entitled nobility as in monarchies or aristocratic merchant republics . Its original classical understanding has been taken up by the modern concepts that can be loosely equivalent to meritocracy or technocracy . Aristocracies dominated political and economic power for most of the medieval and modern periods almost everywhere in Europe, using their wealth and land ownership to form
1449-401: Is often used as a fund-raiser for local charities. The Australian debutante wears a white or pale-coloured gown similar to a wedding dress. However, the dress does not come with a train on the skirt, and the debutante does not wear a veil. The boy wears black tie or another formal dress suit. It is customary for the female to ask a male to the debutante ball, with males not being able to "do
1512-519: Is the blowing of the hunt horns and takes place at 4 o'clock in the morning. The Vienna Opera Ball is held in the auditorium of the Vienna State Opera which is turned into a large ballroom. On the eve of the event, the rows of seats are removed from the stalls, and a new floor, level with the stage, is built. The ball does not start until around 10 pm when the Austrian president and his guests enter
1575-832: The Prince Ivan Obolensky , who was the Chairman of the International Debutante Ball and himself the grandson of John Jacob Astor IV – founder of the Waldorf Astoria Hotel ), Princess Ines de Bourbon Parme , Countess Magdalena Habsburg-Lothringen (great-great-granddaughter of Empress Elisabeth "Sisi" of Austria ) and Lady Henrietta Seymour (daughter of the Duke and Duchess of Somerset ). Daughters and granddaughters of billionaire businessmen, high-ranking politicians, such as United States presidents, senators and congressmen, and ambassadors have also been presented at
1638-556: The Roman Constitution used the concept of aristocracy to describe his conception of a republic as a mixed form of government, along with democracy and monarchy in their conception from then, as a system of checks and balances , where each element checks the excesses of the other. In modern times , aristocracy was usually seen as rule by a privileged group, the aristocratic class , and has since been contrasted with democracy . The concept evolved in ancient Greece in which
1701-663: The Ukrainian American Youth Association have hosted annual black-tie debutante balls since after the Second World War . They are used to raise funds for charities and to introduce young Ukrainian ladies between the ages of 16 and 18 to their local ethnic Ukrainian communities. Ukrainian American debutante balls take place in American cities with substantial populations of Ukrainians, such as Chicago, Detroit , Philadelphia , Newark , and Washington D.C. Beside
1764-540: The aristocrats . At the time of the word's origins in ancient Greece , the Greeks conceived it as rule by the best-qualified citizens—and often contrasted it favorably with monarchy , rule by an individual. The term was first used by such ancient Greeks as Aristotle and Plato , who used it to describe a system where only the best of the citizens, chosen through a careful process of selection, would become rulers, and hereditary rule would actually have been forbidden, unless
1827-587: The philosopher king . Plato describes "philosopher kings" as "those who love the sight of truth" ( Republic 475c) and supports the idea with the analogy of a captain and his ship or a doctor and his medicine. According to him, sailing and health are not things that everyone is qualified to practice by nature. A large part of the Republic then addresses how the educational system should be set up to produce philosopher kings. In contrast to its original conceptual drawing by Aristotle in classical antiquity , aristocracy
1890-920: The American South. The Savannah Cotillion Club 's Christmas Cotillion in Savannah, Georgia , first held in 1817, is the oldest debutante ball in the United States. Many cities such as Dallas and Atlanta have several balls in a season. Dallas, for example, has a ball sponsored by the traditional Idlewild organization. Some balls sponsored by modern organizations, such as the Dallas Symphony Orchestra Presentation Ball and La Fiesta de las Seis Banderas, raise money to benefit charities. The National Cotillion and Thanksgiving Ball of Washington, DC. , hosted by Mary-Stuart Montague Price, has met every November for over 60 years with proceeds going to Children's Hospital. Debutantes can formally participate in
1953-465: The British monarchy, with colonial governors and Governors-General of Australia responsible for organizing events in the early decades. In modern Australia, debutante balls (or colloquially "deb balls") are usually organised by high schools, church groups or service clubs, such as Lions or Rotary. The girls who take part are in either Year 10, 11 or 12 at high school (i.e. aged between 15 and 18). The event
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2016-526: The CSI team investigating the murder of a debutante. Medical examiner Evan Zao says that he had attended a debutante ball. "Debut", an episode of Cold Case , tells the story of a young girl who is murdered the night of her debutante ball. In an episode of Law & Order: Special Victims Unit , entitled "Streetwise", detectives investigated the rape and murder of a debutante. Films with debutante themes include Metropolitan (1990), Whit Stillman 's feature film,
2079-555: The International Debutante Ball; for example, Tricia Nixon , Julie Nixon , Jennie Eisenhower , Ashley Walker Bush (granddaughter of President George H. W. Bush and niece of President George W. Bush ), Lucinda Robb (granddaughter of President Lyndon B. Johnson ), Christine Colby (daughter of CIA director William Colby ), Hollister Knowlton, Charlotte and Catherine Forbes (granddaughters of Malcolm Forbes ), and Christina Huffington (daughter of Arianna Huffington of The Huffington Post ). Ivanka Trump (daughter of Donald Trump )
2142-454: The Quince Años, which takes place when they are 15. Aristocratic Aristocracy (from Ancient Greek ἀριστοκρατίᾱ ( aristokratíā ) 'rule of the best'; from ἄριστος ( áristos ) 'best' and κράτος ( krátos ) 'power, strength') is a form of government that places power in the hands of a small, privileged ruling class ,
2205-399: The UK was an economic transaction that required a dowry for the woman, who would not inherit her father's estate. The Protestant Reformation eliminated convents where less desirable daughters could be sent and avoid the expense of buying a desirable husband. To more efficiently match unmarried women of relatively high-status families to eligible bachelors , Queen Elizabeth I established
2268-596: The United Kingdom. George Washington , the first president of the newly independent country, held debutante presentations in Philadelphia and Washington, D.C. These events continued for Washington elites into the 20th century. In the Roaring Twenties , the more democratic tradition of the high school prom became popular, which is a dance where attendance is open to everyone, not merely high-status families. Today,
2331-508: The United States among Latino communities from these nations. In Brazil and Mexico, such events are called Baile de Debutante (Spanish and Portuguese) or Festa de Debutante (only Portuguese), or Quince Años (Spanish) or Quinze Anos (Portuguese). In Panama, the Debutante Ball is organized by Damas Guadalupanas. It is a charity event held at Club Union. It takes place when girls are seniors in high school (17–18 years old). This follows
2394-524: The Victorian tradition of garden parties , to which Elizabeth invited people from all backgrounds. The expression "debutante", or "deb" for short, has continued to be used, especially in the press, to refer to young women of marriageable age who participate in a semi-public, upper class social scene. The expression "deb's delight" is applied to good-looking, unmarried young men from similar backgrounds. The United States inherited its debutante traditions from
2457-497: The application was accepted, they would be sent a royal summons from the Lord Chamberlain to attend the presentation on a certain day. According to Debrett's , the proceedings on that day always started at 10 am. In addition to debutantes, older women, and married women who had not previously been presented, could be presented at court. On the day of the court presentation, the debutante and her sponsor would be announced,
2520-614: The ball for up to three years, wearing different colors each time to express their increasing sophistication: debutantes wear white, post-debutantes wear black, and the post-post debutantes wear red. Another "Old South" debutante ball is the St. Cecilia Society Ball held annually in Charleston, South Carolina . This ball is described in Alexandra Ripley 's novel, Scarlett , the sequel to Margaret Mitchell 's Gone With The Wind . The Society
2583-422: The deb" unless they are asked, similar to a Sadie Hawkins Dance . The debutantes and their partners must learn how to dance in ballroom style . Debutante balls are almost always held in a reception centre, school hall, the function room of a sporting or other community organisation, e.g. RSL club , or ballroom . Usually they are held late in the year and consist of dinner, dancing, and speeches. Canada inherited
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2646-507: The debutante is announced, she is walked around the stage, guided by her father who presents her. Her younger male escort joins her and escorts her to make way for the next. Each debutante brings at least one escort, sometimes two. Many debutante balls select escorts and pair them with the debs to promote good social pairings. Cotillions may be elaborate formal affairs and involve not only "debs" but also junior debutantes, escorts and ushers, and flower girls and pages. Every debutante must perform
2709-431: The debutante would curtsy to the monarch, and she would leave without turning her back. After the widespread availability of suitably white fabric in the Victorian era, the court dress was traditionally a white evening dress , but shades of ivory and pink were acceptable. The dress featured short sleeves and the young woman also wore long white gloves , a veil attached to the hair with three white ostrich feathers, and
2772-534: The defeat of Napoleon in 1814, some of the surviving exiles returned, but their position within French society was not recovered. Beginning in Britain, industrialization in the 19th century brought urbanization, with wealth increasingly concentrated in the cities, which absorbed political power. However, as late as 1900, aristocrats maintained political dominance in Britain, Germany, Denmark, Sweden, Austria and Russia, but it
2835-444: The few) to be inherently better than the ideal form of rule by the many ( politeia ), but they also considered the corrupted form of aristocracy (oligarchy) to be worse than the corrupted form of democracy ( mob rule ). This belief was rooted in the assumption that the masses could only produce average policy, while the best of men could produce the best policy, if they were indeed the best of men. Later Polybius in his analysis of
2898-559: The imperial balcony. Their arrival is heralded by trumpets. The Austrian national anthem is played followed by the European anthem. There are performances of the state opera ballet company and classical arias sung by the opera stars. These are normally a small selection of Italian opera and famous Austrian pieces. The highlight of the opening ceremony is the introduction of 180 debutante couples. These are carefully selected young women and men who have successfully completed an application program and
2961-626: The local hospital), the Society of Mayflower Descendants Ball, and the Saint Nicholas Society of the City of New York Ball (founded 1835). As an alternative to a ball, and more frequent in the North, a young woman's family might hold a "coming-out party" for her. Unlike the formal balls, which are held during the social season in spring or summer, the individual "coming-out party" may be held at any time of
3024-751: The most active formal ball season in the world. From 1 January to 1 March, no fewer than 28 formal balls, with a huge variety of hosts, are held in Vienna. Many are for specific nationalities, like the Russian Ball or the Serbian Saint Sava ball; social groups like the Hunter's Ball or Verein Grünes Kreuz ball, or trade groups like the Coffee Roasters or Doctors Ball. Some of these balls also have debutantes. However,
3087-510: The practice of debutante presentation to the local representative of the British monarch. By 1867, events were held by the Governor General of Canada in the chambers of the Senate of Canada . Canadian debutantes often travelled to the United Kingdom to be presented at the Court of St James's . The last debutante to be presented was Canadian Sandra Seagram . In early modern times, marriage in
3150-469: The premiere of The City , Whitney Port 's reality show, her co-worker Olivia Palermo describes her first pair of Manolo Blahnik shoes, which she wore to her "Deb" at the age of 18. The first season of The Summer I Turned Pretty (TV series) revolves around the town's annual debutante ball, a plot that was not present in the book series it was based on. Crime dramas have investigated début-related crimes. "Zoo York," an episode of CSI: NY , featured
3213-624: The presentation of ministers of state, then the Diplomatic Corps, and finishes with the debutantes leading the first formal Viennese waltz to the music of " The Blue Danube ". The ladies are from the nobility, daughters of senior ranking military officers, or female officers in the Austrian military. They are presented to the Minister of Defense. The dress code is evening dress: floor-length gowns for women, and white tie and tails for men or mess dress uniform for military members. The final ceremonial
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#17329243868273276-453: The representative of the citizens is an assembly by part only. It is a system in which only a small part of the population represents the government; "certain men distinguished from the rest". Modern depictions of aristocracy tend to regard it not as the ancient Greek concept of rule by the best, but more as an oligarchy or plutocracy —rule by the few or the wealthy. The concept of aristocracy according to Plato has an ideal state ruled by
3339-478: The rulers' children performed best and were better endowed with the attributes that make a person fit to rule compared with every other citizen in the polity. Hereditary rule in this understanding is more related to oligarchy , a corrupted form of aristocracy where there is rule by a few, but not by the best. Plato , Socrates , Aristotle, Xenophon , and the Spartans considered aristocracy (the ideal form of rule by
3402-517: The term indicated that the woman was old enough to be married, and one purpose of her "coming out" was to display her to eligible bachelors and their families with a view to marriage within a select circle. A debutante ball , sometimes called a coming-out party , is a formal ball that includes presenting debutantes during the social season , usually during the spring or summer. Debutante balls may require prior instruction in social etiquette and appropriate morals . Vienna, Austria , maintains
3465-513: The tradition of summoning them for formal presentation to the British monarch . In 1780, King George III organized the first Queen Charlotte's Ball at the Court of St James's in honour of his wife's birthday and to counter criticism that the couple was too frugal. This began the tradition of the British social season beginning with presentation of debutantes at royal court. In the Victorian era, those who wanted to be presented at court required
3528-558: The traditional waltz of the debutantes, one of the highlights of these balls is the Kolomyjka , which usually takes place past midnight. Every guest may spontaneously demonstrate their skills in Ukrainian dances , such as the Hopak or Arkan . Kolomyjka dances tend to last upwards of a half-hour of nonstop folk dancing . Afterward traditional black-tie ball dances are revived. The dress code
3591-597: The two that are best known for their debutantes are the Officer's Ball and the Vienna Opera Ball . The Ball der Offiziere [ de ] is considered to be the direct successor of Vienna's Imperial Court Ball. The modern version was founded in 1919, by the association Alt-Neustadt, an association of graduates of the Theresian Military Academy . They have organized the ball publicly since 1926. The Ball
3654-459: The withdrawal of royal patronage made these occasions decreasingly significant, and scarcely distinguishable from any other part of the social season. The last Queen Charlotte's Ball under Elizabeth II was in 1976. It has since been revived under the patronage of the Duke of Somerset ; debutantes bow to the Queen Charlotte's birthday cake. The monarchy took a more populist approach, emphasizing
3717-584: The year. Some are scheduled around such occasions as the debutante's birthday, or graduation from high school or university. In theory, the only women who could be invited would be those who had already made their débuts, thus affording a sort of rank-order to the debutante season. "Old-money" families often send their preteen sons and daughters to dancing classes, called cotillion, and etiquette lessons in preparation for these parties, which launch their children into society and act as major networking events. Even less grand debutante balls typically require debs to attend
3780-714: The young women and men in their families. These formal cotillion and debutante balls still thrive as among the most traditional events of the African-American upper class . An example is Les Femmes Douze, founded in 1964 in Las Vegas. Various Ukrainian émigré organizations in the United States , such as the Ukrainian American Medical Association of North America, the Ukrainian Engineers' Society of America , Plast Ukrainian Scouting Organization , and
3843-435: Was an increasingly-precarious dominion. The First World War had the effect of dramatically reducing the power of aristocrats in all major countries. In Russia, aristocrats were imprisoned and murdered by the communists. After 1900, liberal and socialist governments levied heavy taxes on landowners, spelling their loss of economic power. Elmayer dance school Elmayer dance school ( German : Tanzschule Elmayer )
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#17329243868273906-604: Was formed in 1766 as a private subscription concert organization. Over the next fifty-four years, its annual concert series formed the most sophisticated musical phenomenon in North America. Its musical patronage ended in 1820. Today the St. Cecilia Society flourishes is one of South Carolina's oldest and most exclusive social institutions. Today the St. Cecilia Society hosts the annual debutante ball. The society admits only those men whose fathers or brothers are members. The women must be from these families. In New Orleans , Louisiana,
3969-401: Was invited but chose not to attend. To gain admission to a debutante ball, debutantes must usually be recommended by a distinguished committee or sponsored by an established member of élite society, typically their mothers or other female relatives. Wearing white gowns and satin or kid long gloves , the debutantes stand in a receiving line, and are introduced individually to the audience. After
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