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46-462: De Freitas or DeFreitas may refer to: People [ edit ] Afonso Cláudio de Freitas Rosa (1859–1934), the first governor of the Brazilian state of Espirito Santo Alcindo Martha de Freitas (born 1945), a Brazilian football player Alexandre Edílson de Freitas (born 1976), a Brazilian football player Alfeu Martha de Freitas (born 1936),

92-693: A Brazilian football player Alfredo Eduardo Barreto de Freitas Noronha (1918–2003), a Brazilian football player António A. de Freitas (born 1947), a Portuguese immunologist Augusto Teixeira de Freitas (1816–1883), a Brazilian jurist Bront DeFreitas (born 1978), British Virgin Islands cricketer Chris de Freitas , Associate Professor in the School of Environment at the University of Auckland in New Zealand Christophe Freitas (born 1981),

138-408: A Brazilian football player Eleanor de Freitas (1990–2014) Elvis Defreitas (born 1981), Barbadian footballer Fabian de Freitas (born 1972), a Surinamese football player Fabiano Ribeiro de Freitas (born 1988), a Brazilian football player Fernanda de Freitas (born 1980), a Brazilian actress Frank DeFreitas (born 1956), American holographer Frederico de Freitas (1902–1980),

184-513: A Brazilian football player Jordan de Freitas (born 1966), a Brazilian football manager Jorge de Freitas Antunes (born 1942), a Brazilian composer José de Freitas Ribeiro (1868–1929), an official of the Portuguese Navy and a politician Jose Pedro de Freitas (1921–1971), a Brazilian self-proclaimed psychic surgeon José Ramalho Carvalho de Freitas (born 1980), a Brazilian football player José Vicente de Freitas (1869–1952),

230-425: A Brazilian football player Ricardo de Freitas Carreira (born 1978), a former Brazilian football player Ronaldo Rogério de Freitas Mourão (born 1935), a Brazilian astronomer Ronildo Pereira de Freitas (born 1977), a Brazilian football player Ruy de Freitas (1916–2012), a Brazilian basketball player Scott DeFreitas (born 1969), American actor Sebastião de Freitas Branco de Herédia (1903–1983),

276-434: A French football player Claudio Luiz Assuncao de Freitas (born 1972), a Brazilian football player Cyro de Freitas Valle (1896–1969), a Brazilian diplomat Danilo Alves de Freitas (born 1989), a Brazilian football player David de Freitas (Brazilian footballer) (born 1986), Brazilian football player David de Freitas (French footballer) (born 1979), French football player Edevaldo de Freitas (born 1958),

322-526: A Portuguese composer and musicologist Manoel Cassiano de Freitas (born 1963), Brazilian football player Manuel de Freitas (born 1968), a South African politician Márcio Rezende de Freitas (born 1960), a Brazilian football referee Maycon Vieira de Freitas (born 1985), a Brazilian football player Michael de Freitas (1933–1975), a Trinidad and Tobago civil rights activist Nando de Freitas , researching in machine learning and deep learning at Oxford University Nigel de Freitas (born 1979),

368-461: A Portuguese composer, conductor and musicologist Gastão de Freitas Ferraz (World War II period), a Portuguese spy working for the Abwehr Geoffrey de Freitas (1913–1982), a British politician and diplomat Heleno de Freitas (1920–1959), a Brazilian football player João Bosco de Freitas Chaves (born 1974), a Brazilian football player João Bosco Gualberto de Freitas (born 1974),

414-546: A Portuguese explorer from Madeira who had preceded them there only a few weeks earlier. During his stay, Alvaro Fernandes had attempted to seize a couple of native canoes in Dakar Bay, with the result that the Wolof (or more probably Lebou ) tribesmen of the mainland were already alert and in arms against the arriving ships of Lançarote's fleet. With the Wolof warriors mustered on the beach,

460-430: A Portuguese fencer and modern pentathlete Sebastião de Freita Couto Júnior (born 1992), a Brazilian football player Uladislau Herculano de Freitas (1865–1926), a Brazilian politician Vítor Tiago de Freitas Fernandes (born 1986), a Portuguese football player Places [ edit ] José de Freitas , a municipality in the state of Piauí, Brazil Rodrigo de Freitas Lagoon (Lagoa Rodrigo de Freitas),

506-510: A Portuguese military officer and politician Jurandir de Freitas (1940–1996), a Brazilian football player Kevin De Freitas (living), a Canadian music video director Kléber de Souza Freitas (born 1983), a Brazilian football player Lançarote de Freitas (15th century), a Portuguese explorer and slave trader Lima de Freitas (1927–1998), a Portuguese painter, illustrator, ceramicist and writer Luís de Freitas Branco (1890–1955),

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552-470: A Trinidad and Tobago politician Bebeto de Freitas (born 1950), a Brazilian volleyball coach and football manager Pete de Freitas (1961–1989), a musician and producer, best known as a drummer with Echo & the Bunnymen Phillip DeFreitas (born 1966), an English cricketer Ramon Lopes de Freitas (born 1989), a Brazilian football player Ramón Rodrigo de Freitas (born 1983),

598-617: A brief stop in Cape Blanc , and bought some seal pelts and a Black slave from some Berber traders. Before proceeding back to Portugal, Pires promised to return to the same spot next year, and the Berber traders promised to bring him enough slaves, gold and other goods to fill his ship. Only Lourenço Dias actually made it inside the Senegal River, but realizing he was alone, decided to turn around and sailed back home by himself. In number of captives,

644-515: A lagoon and district in the Lagoa, Zona Sul region of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil Lauro de Freitas , a municipality in the north-east of the state of Bahia, Brazil Teixeira de Freitas , a city in the extreme south of the state of Bahia, Brazil See also [ edit ] Freitas (disambiguation) De Freitas do Amaral (disambiguation) Topics referred to by the same term [REDACTED] This disambiguation page lists articles associated with

690-578: A license. Probably on account of his intimate relationship with Henry, the Lagos merchants elected Lançarote as their head. Having acquired their license, the Lagos company equipped a fleet of six slave ships and about thirty men that set out for the Arguin banks in the spring of 1444. The six captains are usually recorded as: In his own later memoir, Diogo Gomes identifies himself as having participating in this expedition. Lançarote's fleet headed straight to

736-600: A public law enforcer. At some point of his younger years, he joined the movement for the abolition of the slavery in Brazil , and became a Republican conspirator also. Afonso Cláudio was also a supporter of the European immigration to Espírito Santo . Following the Republican coup d'état that put an end to the Empire of Brazil , Afonso Cláudio was appointed president of Espírito Santo by

782-512: Is described in heart-breaking detail in Zurara 's Crónica . For this lucrative enterprise, Lançarote was knighted by Henry on the spot (August 8, 1444) (even though, according to Zurara, Henry gave away his own allotment - some 46 enslaved people, to which he was entitled as licenser of the expedition - among his captains and household servants). Lançarote organized a second Lagos fleet for another large slave raid in 1445 (or 1446). The Lagos fleet

828-506: Is different from Wikidata All article disambiguation pages All disambiguation pages Afonso Cl%C3%A1udio de Freitas Rosa He was born to landowner parents in the rural zone of central Espírito Santo. He studied at a university in Pernambuco , Northeast Brazil , where he graduated in Laws in 1883. Back to Espírito Santo, he radicated at its capital, Vitória , where he worked as

874-496: The Bay of Arguin (in modern Mauritania ). The elevated banks of Arguin bay were replete with fish, attracting poor desert-dwelling Sanhaja Berbers to set up numerous little fishing settlements on islands and promontories all around the bay. It was the first human habitations that Henry's captains had come across after a decade of exploring, and they seemed weak and vulnerable. The prospect of easy and profitable slave-raiding grounds around

920-536: The royal fifth and customs duties (tenth on imports) normally due to the Portuguese crown, on any African goods or slaves brought back to metropolitan Portugal. A consortium of merchants of Lagos, sometimes referred to as the Companhia de Lagos ('Lagos Company', although it was probably little more than a temporary association of merchants, rather than an incorporated company in the proper sense), applied to Henry for

966-588: The Arguin banks aroused the interest of many Portuguese merchants and fortune-seeking adventurers. To immediately secure his title, in October 1443, Henry the Navigator received from his brother, the regent prince Peter of Coimbra , letters patent granting him an exclusive monopoly over all navigation south of Cape Bojador , whether for the purpose of war or trade. Any ship sailing south of it without Henry's license could be confiscated. Peter's letters also granted Henry

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1012-430: The Lagos fleet had kidnapped some 235 hapless Berber people . The remaining population having fled the coastal settlements and hidden in the hinterlands, there was little point remaining in the area. By early August, 1444, the fleet had arrived back in Lagos with their human cargo. The spectacle of the disembarkation, partition and sale of the Arguin slaves in Lagos, in the presence of Prince Henry, mounted on his horse,

1058-447: The Portuguese did not dare land for another day and night. Finally, to break the impasse, Lançarote sent out Gomes Pires on a launch to the mainland, hoping to open negotiations with the local chieftains. Pires managed to lay out some gift goods (mirror, cake, paper, etc.) on the beach and withdraw. But rather than curiosity or delight, the Wolof warriors came out and angrily destroyed the gift goods with their spears. Gomes Pires ordered

1104-453: The Portuguese on the launch to ready their crossbows. They approached the beach again, but they were greeted with a hail of thrown assegais and poisoned arrows and forced to retreat. Their first strategy foiled, Lançarote and the Portuguese captains held a conference on Gorée. According to Barros, the captains agreed to launch a raid on the mainland Wolof villages 'in the style' of Arguin. But this came to naught. Before being able to organize

1150-479: The attack, a sudden storm enveloped the area (a Cape Verde hurricane ?), and forced the Portuguese caravels out of Dakar bay, scattering them in various directions. (Zurara makes no report of the planned attack or storm; he says merely the Portuguese captains decided they ought to depart and sail back north and try their luck at the Senegal River again). Bad weather overtook them upon leaving Dakar bay and split

1196-469: The bay and landed on a second island - Gorée island (marked on Portuguese maps as Bezeguiche ). The island was uninhabited, and they marveled at the large wide trees there (probably baobab trees ). But they also found signs of prior human presence - some goat skins and a carved marker with Henry the Navigator's motto ( Talent de bien faire ). These had been left behind on the Gorée island by Álvaro Fernandes ,

1242-531: The bulk of the population having already evacuated the coast, Lançarote's captives were principally Sanhaja Berber tribesmen who had decided to stay and put up a fight. Dissatisfied with the "meager" number of human beings they had taken, and realizing that Arguin Bay was too thoroughly deserted to yield up any more, Lançarote decided to take his fleet south to raid the Wolof lands of Senegal , which had been discovered (but not yet raided) by Nuno Tristão and Dinis Dias

1288-645: The captains of Lançarote's slave raid of 1445/46, returned to the Senegal region (sometime between 1448 and 1455), and negotiated peace and trade agreements with the Wolof statelets. Regular trade subsequently opened in the area, the Portuguese exchanging Mediterranean goods (notably, horses) for slaves and gold. This can be said to be the beginning of the Atlantic slave trade . The new trading stations at Arguin and Senegal were estimated by Cadamosto have to have bought 700-800 African slaves annually to metropolitan Portugal by

1334-408: The element of surprise was necessary, which now meant sailing well below Senegal to new "hunting grounds" - lengthier expeditions which required probably more supplies and capital than what Lagos merchants were willing to front or captains willing to sail. The killing of Nuno Tristão and his crew the next year (1446 or 1447) probably dampened any remaining enthusiasm among Lagos merchants for renewing

1380-564: The fleet. Lançarote managed to hold two caravels (Álvaro de Freitas and Vicente Dias) together with his own, but lost sight of the remaining two ships. Perhaps realizing they were now too few to launch an attack on the Wolof mainland, Lançarote's trio skipped past the Senegal River, and set sail back to the Arguin banks. The trio anchored in again at Tider and took an additional 59 captives, before returning to Lagos. The remaining two ships (Gomes Pires and Lourenço Dias) had to make their way back to Portugal by themselves. On his way, Gomes Pires made

1426-474: The launch immediately returned (with the two kidnapped children) to the waiting caravels. After sending back yet another caravel to Lagos, Lançarote proceeded with his five remaining ships to sail around Cape Vert and enter Dakar Bay . While rounding the Cape, the squadron made a brief stop on an island (probably Madeleine islands), where they found a bunch of wild goats and some fresh water. They then proceed into

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1472-467: The mid-1450s. But there would be no resumption of the slave razzias of 1444–47. There is no record of any Portuguese ship sailing below Cape Vert again for nearly a decade (until Cadamosto in 1455). Little more is heard about Lançarote de Lagos after his second raiding expedition of 1445/46. He continued as customs-collector ( almoxarife ) in Lagos . Having been knighted after his first expedition, Lançarote

1518-441: The mouth of the Senegal River , which had not yet been explored by Europeans. Lançarote dispatched Estêvão Afonso and Vicente Dias on a launch to search upriver for settlements. The exploration didn't get very far. Venturing ashore at one point along the river bank, Afonso abducted two Wolof children from a local woodsman's hut, only to be chased down and furiously beaten by their father. Having barely escaped with their lives,

1564-510: The new-installed government. He occupied the office for a brief time though, being appointed later for the state's Court of Justice, which he presided as well. Afonso Cláudio was also a teacher (Professor of Law at the Law School of Niterói, Fluminense Federal University ), a poet and writer, being his most important books History of Espirito-Santensis Literature , Rhimes and Songs of Espírito Santo and The Insurrection of Queimado , an essay on

1610-491: The peace around Arguin, Prince Henry had instituted a prohibition on any further kidnapping of Berber Sanhaja people, and only allowed the acquisition of pagan Black African slaves by trade. In his memoir, Cadamosto claims that the Portuguese had also negotiated the establishment of trading posts with the Wolof kingdoms of Waalo and Kayor along the Grande Côte of Senegal. It has been suggested that Lourenço Dias , one of

1656-617: The position in his favor. Prince Henry the Navigator had been sending maritime expeditions down the West African coast since at least the early 1430s (see Portuguese discoveries ). But they had yielded very little profit. The expeditions had sailed mostly along the stark Sahara desert coast, with no human settlements in sight nor encounters worth reporting. But in 1443, one of Henry's captains, Nuno Tristão , returned from an expedition with some 14 captive African natives, Sanhaja Berbers seized from small native fishing village he found in

1702-525: The previous year. However, not all his ships were up for the journey, several of them running short on supplies. As a result, Lançarote partitioned his fleet, taking only six or seven caravels with him, sending the remaining ships back to Lagos under the command of Soeiro da Costa (a few of which would conduct an unauthorized slave raid on the Canary Islands of La Palma and Gomera on their way home). Lançarote's squadron soon arrived at Barbary Point,

1748-418: The remaining having strayed off. He proceeded to the northern end of the Arguin banks, anchoring in at ilha das Graças (uncertain, possibly Madeleine island or Pelicans island). There, Lançarote was met by one of his missing ships, Vicente Dias , that had gone on ahead to Arguin island and stumbled across a small fleet of three Lisbon ships, headed by Dinis Eanes de Grã , who had preceded them and devastated

1794-453: The remaining settlements on the northern end of the bay, kidnapping some 100 people. At Grã's suggestion, Lançarote's fleet, now thirteen strong (only Palançano's fusta remained unaccounted for) attacked Arguin island again, taking four captives. They then headed to the southern end of Arguin Bay, kidnapping 57 Tider people and an additional five people somewhere further down (possibly around Cape Timris ). The element of surprise being gone and

1840-527: The second 1445/6 slaving expedition had been somewhat of a "disappointment" (at least relative to the first 1444 attack). The prospect for future slave raids seemed dim. The Arguin banks were devastated and it was unlikely the Berber populations would return to the coasts in significant numbers, or allow themselves to be taken by surprise. The Wolof-dominated coasts of Senegal were too strong and alert for small groups of venturing Portuguese slave-raiders. If slave raids were to have any prospect of kidnapping people,

1886-670: The slave raids. Portuguese slave-raiding expeditions seem to have been suspended after 1447 ( Zurara 's chronicle ends here). Given the growing expenses and casualties, it seems the Portuguese switched from slave-raiding to slave-trading after this. Prince Henry ordered the erection of a permanent factory on Arguin island by 1450, to tap into the Trans-Saharan trade traffic in slaves and gold coming up overland from Guinea . The slave-trader and explorer Alvise Cadamosto , who travelled to West Africa in 1455 with Henry's license, provides some details of trade at Arguin. He noted that to keep

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1932-533: The slave rebellion that took place on Espírito Santo in 1849. He was a founding member of the Academia Espírito-santense de Letras . This article about a Brazilian politician is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . This article about the history of Brazil is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . Lan%C3%A7arote de Freitas Lançarote de Freitas , better known as Lançarote de Lagos or Lançarote da Ilha ,

1978-499: The southern end of the Arguin Bay, where they had been told by Nuno Tristão 's captives that populous fishing settlements could be found. They arrived in Arguin in June, 1444. A pre-dawn raid on Nar ( Nair island) yielded the first set of victims. This was followed up by raids on the larger neighboring island of Tider ( Tidra island) and Cerina (Serenni peninsula). In just a few days,

2024-418: The title De Freitas . If an internal link led you here, you may wish to change the link to point directly to the intended article. Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=De_Freitas&oldid=1242941884 " Categories : Disambiguation pages Place name disambiguation pages Disambiguation pages with surname-holder lists Hidden categories: Short description

2070-586: Was a 15th-century Portuguese explorer and slave raider from Lagos, Portugal . He was the leader of two large Portuguese slaving raids on the West African coast in 1444–1446. Lançarote de Freitas, better known as Lançarote da Ilha or simply Lançarote de Lagos, was trained as a squire and chamberlain in the household of the Portuguese prince Henry the Navigator . Lançarote was appointed as almoxarife (customs-collector) of Lagos, Portugal in April 1443, succeeding his father-in-law Soeiro da Costa, who resigned

2116-469: Was composed of 14 ships, the captains normally given as: and, more speculatively: This fleet is said to have carried Gil Eanes and Estêvão Afonso as passengers. Setting out in August, 1445 (or 1446), Lançarote's Lagos fleet was just one of several fleets that set out from Portugal for the Arguin banks that year. Caught by bad weather, Lançarote arrived at Cape Blanc with only nine ships still together,

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