Creative writing is any writing that goes outside the bounds of normal professional , journalistic , academic , or technical forms of literature, typically identified by an emphasis on narrative craft, character development, and the use of literary tropes or with various traditions of poetry and poetics . Due to the looseness of the definition, it is possible for writing such as feature stories to be considered creative writing, even though it falls under journalism, because the content of features is specifically focused on narrative and character development. Both fictional and non-fictional works fall into this category, including such forms as novels , biographies , short stories , and poems . In the academic setting, creative writing is typically separated into fiction and poetry classes, with a focus on writing in an original style, as opposed to imitating pre-existing genres such as crime or horror . Writing for the screen and stage— screenwriting and playwriting —are often taught separately, but fit under the creative writing category as well.
63-486: David or Dave Wallace may refer to: Arts and entertainment [ edit ] David Foster Wallace (1962–2008), American novelist and essayist David Rains Wallace (born 1945), author on conservation and natural history David Wallace (American actor) (born 1958), American actor David Wallace (Scottish actor) , Scottish actor and theatre director David Wallace ( The Office ) , fictional CEO of Dunder Mifflin on
126-714: A "Professor of the Year" award in 1996. From fourth grade, Wallace lived with his family in Urbana , where he attended Yankee Ridge Elementary School, Brookens Junior High School and Urbana High School . As an adolescent, Wallace was a regionally ranked junior tennis player. He wrote about this period in the essay "Derivative Sport in Tornado Alley", originally published in Harper's Magazine as "Tennis, Trigonometry, Tornadoes". Although his parents were atheists , Wallace twice attempted to join
189-438: A 1997 interview on Charlie Rose , Wallace said that the notes were to disrupt the linear narrative, to reflect his perception of reality without jumbling the narrative structure, and that he could have jumbled the sentences "but then no one would read it". D. T. Max has described Wallace's work as an "unusual mixture of the cerebral and the hot-blooded", often featuring multiple protagonists and spanning different locations in
252-593: A creative outlet to encourage rehabilitation. These programs' continuation relies heavily on volunteers and outside financial support from sources such as authors and activist groups. The Poets Playwrights Essayists Editors and Novelists, known as PEN , were among the most significant contributors to creative writing programs in America. In 1971, PEN established the Prison Writing Committee to implement and advocate for creative writing programs in prisons throughout
315-539: A media-saturated society. Wallace's fiction combines narrative modes and authorial voices that incorporate jargon and invented vocabulary, such as self-generated abbreviations and acronyms, long, multi- clause sentences, and an extensive use of explanatory endnotes and footnotes, as in Infinite Jest and the story "Octet" (collected in Brief Interviews with Hideous Men ), and most of his non-fiction after 1996. In
378-651: A predilection for dogs who'd been abused, and [were] unlikely to find other owners who were going to be patient enough for them". In the early 1990s, Wallace was in a relationship with writer Mary Karr . She later described Wallace as obsessive about her and said the relationship was volatile, with Wallace once throwing a coffee table at her as well as physically forcing her out of a car, leaving her to walk home. In 2018, she alleged that Wallace's biographer D. T. Max underreported Wallace's abuse. Of Max's account of their relationship, she tweeted: "That's about 2% of what happened." She said that Wallace kicked her, climbed up
441-836: A private two-page suicide note to his wife, arranged part of the manuscript for The Pale King , and hanged himself on the back porch of his house in Claremont, California. Memorial gatherings were held at Pomona College, Amherst College, the University of Arizona, Illinois State University, and on October 23, 2008, at New York University (NYU). The eulogists at NYU included his sister, Amy Wallace-Havens; his literary agent, Bonnie Nadell; Gerry Howard , editor of his first two books; Colin Harrison , an editor at Harper's Magazine ; Michael Pietsch, editor of Infinite Jest and later works; Deborah Treisman, fiction editor at The New Yorker magazine; and
504-582: A senior thesis in philosophy and modal logic that was awarded the Gail Kennedy Memorial Prize and posthumously published as Fate, Time, and Language: An Essay on Free Will (2010). Wallace adapted his honors thesis in English as the manuscript of his first novel, The Broom of the System (1987), and committed to being a writer. He told David Lipsky : "Writing The Broom of the System , I felt like I
567-480: A single work. His writing comments on the fragmentation of thought, the relationship between happiness and boredom, and the psychological tension between the beauty and hideousness of the human body. According to Wallace, "fiction's about what it is to be a fucking human being", and he said he wanted to write "morally passionate, passionately moral fiction" that could help the reader "become less alone inside". In his Kenyon College commencement address, Wallace described
630-636: A stage play in 2000 by Dylan McCullough. This was the first theatrical adaptation of Wallace's work. The play, Hideous Men , was also directed by McCullough, and premiered at the New York International Fringe Festival in August 2000. Brief Interviews was also adapted by director Marc Caellas as a play, Brief Interviews with Hideous Writers , which premiered at Fundación Tomás Eloy Martinez in Buenos Aires on November 4, 2011. In 2012 it
693-571: A tuxedo T-shirt while eating in the ship's dining room. The 2015 film The End of the Tour is based on conversations David Lipsky had with Wallace, transcribed in Although of Course You End Up Becoming Yourself (2010). Jason Segel played Wallace, and Jesse Eisenberg Lipsky. The film won an Audience Award for Best Narrative Feature at the Sarasota Film Festival , and Segel was nominated for
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#1733092504114756-482: Is a more contemporary and process-oriented name for what has been traditionally called literature , including the variety of its genres . In her work, Foundations of Creativity , Mary Lee Marksberry references Paul Witty and Lou LaBrant 's Teaching the People's Language to define creative writing. Marksberry notes: Witty and LaBrant...[say creative writing] is a composition of any type of writing at any time primarily in
819-522: Is a part) that enjoy any significant relation to the television whose weird, pretty hand has my generation by the throat. I'm going to argue that irony and ridicule are entertaining and effective, and that, at the same time, they are agents of a great despair and stasis in U.S. culture, and that, for aspiring fictionists, they pose terrifically vexing problems. Wallace used many forms of irony, but tended to focus on individual persons' continued longing for earnest, unself-conscious experience and communication in
882-622: Is also being challenged, with critics pointing out that Western literary canon and writing pedagogy is "historically rooted and linked to exclusion and structural racism in creative writing programs." In the late 1960s, American prisons began implementing creative writing programs due to the prisoner rights movement that stemmed from events such as the Attica Prison riot . The creative writing programs are among many art programs that aim to benefit prisoners during and after their time in prison. Programs such as these provide education, structure, and
945-545: Is considered by some academics (mostly in the US) to be an extension of the English discipline, even though it is taught around the world in many languages. The English discipline is traditionally seen as the critical study of literary forms, not the creation of literary forms. Some academics see creative writing as a challenge to this tradition. In the UK and Australia , as well as increasingly in
1008-601: Is considered by some to constitute experience in creative problem-solving . Despite a large number of academic creative writing programs throughout the world, many people argue that creative writing cannot be taught. Essayist Louis Menand explores the issue in an article for the New Yorker in which he quotes Kay Boyle , the director of the creative writing program at San Francisco State University for sixteen years, who said, "all creative-writing programs ought to be abolished by law." Contemporary discussions of creative writing at
1071-496: Is different from Wikidata All article disambiguation pages All disambiguation pages David Foster Wallace David Foster Wallace (February 21, 1962 – September 12, 2008) was an American novelist, short story writer, essayist, and university professor of English and creative writing . Wallace's 1996 novel Infinite Jest was cited by Time magazine as one of the 100 best English-language novels from 1923 to 2005. His posthumous novel, The Pale King (2011),
1134-533: Is in universities . Following a reworking of university education in the post-war era, creative writing has progressively gained prominence in the university setting. In the UK, the first formal creative writing program was established as a Master of Arts degree at the University of East Anglia in 1970 by the novelists Malcolm Bradbury and Angus Wilson . With the beginning of formal creative writing programs: For
1197-512: Is that you get to decide how you're going to try to see it. You get to consciously decide what has meaning and what doesn't. ... The trick is keeping the truth up-front in daily consciousness. Wallace covered Senator John McCain 's 2000 presidential campaign and the September 11 attacks for Rolling Stone ; cruise ships (in what became the title essay of his first nonfiction book), state fairs , and tornadoes for Harper's Magazine ;
1260-1035: Is usually taught in a workshop format rather than seminar style. In workshops, students usually submit original work for peer critique. Students also format a writing method through the process of writing and re-writing. Some courses teach the means to exploit or access latent creativity or more technical issues such as editing , structural techniques , genres , random idea generating , or unblocking writer's block . Some noted authors , such as Michael Chabon , Sir Kazuo Ishiguro , Kevin Brockmeier , Ian McEwan , Karl Kirchwey , Dame Rose Tremain and reputed screenwriters, such as David Benioff , Darren Star and Peter Farrelly , have graduated from university creative writing programs. Many educators find that using creative writing can increase students' academic performance and resilience . The activity of completing small goals consistently rather than unfinished big goals creates pride in one's brain, which exudes dopamine throughout
1323-571: The Aga Khan Prize for Fiction , awarded by editors of The Paris Review for one of the stories in Brief Interviews with Hideous Men , which had been published in the magazine. In 2002, Wallace moved to Claremont, California , to become the first Roy E. Disney endowed Professor of Creative Writing and Professor of English at Pomona College . He taught one or two undergraduate courses per semester and focused on writing. Wallace delivered
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#17330925041141386-533: The Catholic Church , but "flunk[ed] the period of inquiry". He later attended a Mennonite church. Wallace attended Amherst College , his father's alma mater, where he majored in English and philosophy and graduated summa cum laude in 1985. Among other extracurricular activities, he participated in glee club ; his sister recalls that he "had a lovely singing voice". In studying philosophy, Wallace pursued modal logic and mathematics, and presented in 1985
1449-558: The Independent Spirit Award for Best Male Lead . "Partridge", a Season 5 episode of NBC 's Parks and Recreation , repeatedly references Infinite Jest , of which the show's co-creator, Michael Schur , is a noted fan. Schur also directed the music video for The Decemberists ' "Calamity Song", which depicts the Eschaton game from Infinite Jest. Twelve of the interviews from Brief Interviews with Hideous Men were adapted as
1512-606: The Los Angeles Times , The Washington Post , The New York Times , and The Philadelphia Inquirer . In the November 2007 issue of The Atlantic , which commemorated the magazine's 150th anniversary, Wallace was among the authors, artists, politicians and others who wrote short pieces on "the future of the American idea". These and other essays appear in three collections, A Supposedly Fun Thing I'll Never Do Again , Consider
1575-517: The US Open tournament for Tennis magazine; Roger Federer for The New York Times ; the director David Lynch and the pornography industry for Première magazine; the tennis player Michael Joyce for Esquire ; the movie-special-effects industry for Waterstone's magazine; conservative talk radio host John Ziegler for The Atlantic ; and a Maine lobster festival for Gourmet magazine. He also reviewed books in several genres for
1638-514: The irony and metafiction associated with postmodernism and explore a post-postmodern or metamodern style. In the essay "E Unibus Pluram: Television and U.S. Fiction" (written 1990, published 1993), he proposed that television has an ironic influence on fiction, and urged literary authors to eschew TV's shallow rebelliousness: I want to convince you that irony, poker-faced silence, and fear of ridicule are distinctive of those features of contemporary U.S. culture (of which cutting-edge fiction
1701-576: The English departments in the respective schools, but this notion has been challenged in recent times as more creative writing programs have spun off into their own department. Creative Writing undergraduate degrees tend to be Bachelor of Arts (BA) or Bachelor of Fine Arts (BFA) degrees, but Bachelor of Science (BSc) degrees also exist. Some continue to pursue a Master of Arts , Master of Fine Arts , or Master of Studies in Creative Writing. Once rare, Ph.D. programs are becoming more prevalent in
1764-641: The Lobster and the posthumous Both Flesh and Not , the last of which contains some of Wallace's earliest work, including his first published essay, "Fictional Futures and the Conspicuously Young". Wallace's tennis writing was compiled into a volume titled String Theory: David Foster Wallace on Tennis , published in 2016. Some writers have found parts of Wallace's nonfiction implausible. Jonathan Franzen has said that he believes Wallace made up dialogue and incidents: "those things didn't actually happen". Of
1827-492: The System (1987) garnered national attention and critical praise. In The New York Times , Caryn James called it a "manic, human, flawed extravaganza ... emerging straight from the excessive tradition of Stanley Elkin 's The Franchiser , Thomas Pynchon 's V. , [and] John Irving 's World According to Garp ". In 1991, Wallace began teaching literature as an adjunct professor at Emerson College in Boston. The next year, at
1890-618: The U.S. The PEN Writing Committee improved prison libraries , inspired volunteer writers to teach prisoners, persuaded authors to host workshops, and founded an annual literary competition for prisoners. Workshops and classes help prisoners build self-esteem, make healthy social connections, and learn new skills, which can ease prisoner reentry . Creative writing programs offered in juvenile correction facilities have also proved beneficial. In Alabama, Writing Our Stories began in 1997 as an anti-violence initiative to encourage positive self-expression among incarcerated youths. The program found that
1953-615: The US TV series The Office Politics [ edit ] David Euan Wallace (1892–1941), British Conservative member of parliament David G. Wallace , American businessman and politician, mayor of Sugar Land, Texas David J. Wallace (Oklahoma politician) , state legislator who was African American David Wallace (Arkansas politician) , U.S. Army officer and member of the Arkansas Senate David Wallace (Indiana politician) (1799–1859), American politician, governor of
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2016-487: The US and the rest of the world, creative writing is considered a discipline in its own right, not an offshoot of any other discipline. To say that the creative has no part in education is to argue that a university is not universal. Those who support creative writing programs either as part or separate from the English discipline, argue for the academic worth of the creative writing experience. They argue that creative writing hones
2079-712: The United States Bess Truman David A. Wallace (1917–2004), urban planner and architect David R. Wallace (1942–2012), American software engineer and inventor David Wallace (executive) (1908–1974), Ford executive Sir David Wallace (physicist) (born 1945), British physicist and Master of Churchill College, Cambridge Sir David Wallace (surgeon) (1862–1952), Scottish surgeon David Wallace (medievalist) , British scholar of medieval literature See also [ edit ] David Wallis Reeves (1838–1900), composer David Wallace-Wells , American journalist [REDACTED] Topics referred to by
2142-467: The album A Brief Inquiry into Online Relationships by The 1975 , borrows its title from the opening line of Infinite Jest . Matty Healy , The 1975's lead singer, said in an interview with Pitchfork that he was inspired by the novel after reading it during a stint in rehabilitation: I was reading [ Infinite Jest ] when I was in rehab. There was no one there. It was me and my nurses, who'd come in and check on me, and then Angela [the protagonist of
2205-423: The brain and increases motivation. It has been shown to build resilience in students by documenting and analyzing their experiences, which gives the students a new perspective on an old situation and allows sorting of emotions. It also has been proven to increase a student's level of compassion and create a sense of community among students in what could otherwise be deemed an isolating classroom. Creative writing
2268-462: The commencement address to the 2005 graduating class at Kenyon College . The speech was published as a book, This Is Water , in 2009. In May 2013, parts of the speech were used in a popular online video, also titled "This Is Water". Bonnie Nadell was Wallace's literary agent during his entire career. Michael Pietsch was his editor on Infinite Jest . Wallace died in 2008. In March 2009, Little, Brown and Company announced that it would publish
2331-667: The essays "Shipping Out" and "Ticket to the Fair", John Cook has remarked that in Wallace's nonfiction: Wallace encounters pitch-perfect characters who speak comedically crystalline lines and place him in hilariously absurd situations...I used both stories [when teaching journalism] as examples of the inescapable temptation to shave, embellish, and invent narratives. Wallace's father said that David had suffered from major depressive disorder for more than 20 years and that antidepressant medication had allowed him to be productive. Wallace suffered what
2394-442: The field, as more writers attempt to bridge the gap between academic study and artistic pursuit. Creative writers often place an emphasis in either fiction or poetry, and it is normal to start with short stories or simple poems. They then make a schedule based on this emphasis including literature classes, education classes and workshop classes to strengthen their skills and techniques. Though they have their own programs of study in
2457-518: The fields of film and theatre , screenwriting and playwriting have become more popular in creative writing programs since creative writing programs attempt to work more closely with film and theatre programs as well as English programs. Creative writing students are encouraged to get involved in extracurricular writing-based activities, such as publishing clubs, school-based literary magazines or newspapers, writing contests, writing colonies or conventions, and extended education classes. Creative writing
2520-447: The first time in the sad and enchanting history of literature, for the first time in the glorious and dreadful history of the world, the writer was welcome in the academic place. If the mind could be honored there, why not the imagination? Creative Writing programs are typically available to writers from the high school level all the way through graduate school/university and adult education. Traditionally these programs are associated with
2583-458: The human condition as daily crises and chronic disillusionment and warned against succumbing to solipsism , invoking the existential values of compassion and mindfulness: The really important kind of freedom involves attention, and awareness, and discipline, and effort, and being able truly to care about other people and to sacrifice for them, over and over, in myriad petty little unsexy ways, every day. ... The only thing that's capital-T True
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2646-447: The inmates' mental health, relationship with their families, and the facility's environment. The study evidenced improved writing skills enhanced one's ability in other academic areas of study, portraying writing as a fundamental tool for building one's intellect. Teaching prisoners creative writing can encourage literacy, teach necessary life skills, and provide prisoners with an outlet to express regret, accountability, responsibility, and
2709-552: The manuscript of an unfinished novel, The Pale King , that Wallace had been working on before his death. Pietsch pieced the novel together from pages and notes Wallace left behind. Several excerpts were published in The New Yorker and other magazines. The Pale King was published on April 15, 2011, and received generally positive reviews. Michiko Kakutani of The New York Times wrote that The Pale King "showcases [Wallace's] embrace of discontinuity; his fascination with both
2772-632: The meta and the microscopic, postmodern pyrotechnics and old-fashioned storytelling; and his ongoing interest in contemporary America's obsession with self-gratification and entertainment." The book was nominated for the Pulitzer Prize. Throughout his career, Wallace published short fiction in periodicals such as The New Yorker , GQ , Harper's Magazine , Playboy , The Paris Review , Mid-American Review , Conjunctions , Esquire , Open City , Puerto del Sol , and Timothy McSweeney's Quarterly Concern . Wallace wanted to progress beyond
2835-421: The participants gained confidence, the ability to empathize and see their peers in a more positive light, and motivation to want to return to society and live a more productive life. One California study of prison fine arts programs found art education increased emotional control and decreased disciplinary reports. Participation in creative writing and other art programs result in significant positive outcomes for
2898-407: The same term This disambiguation page lists articles about people with the same name. If an internal link led you here, you may wish to change the link to point directly to the intended article. Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=David_Wallace&oldid=1241926982 " Category : Human name disambiguation pages Hidden categories: Short description
2961-440: The service of such needs as Unlike its academic counterpart of writing classes that teach students to compose work based on the rules of the language , creative writing is believed to focus on students' self-expression. While creative writing as an educational subject is often available at some stages, if not throughout, primary and secondary school ( K–12 ), perhaps the most refined form of creative writing as an educational focus
3024-502: The side of her house at night, and followed her five-year-old son home from school. Wallace also attempted to buy a gun to kill Karr's ex-husband. In a 2015 interview, Karr said: "I'm not the only woman he was violent with. It was—it's common knowledge among women who dated him, you know, that he was violent." Since publicizing Wallace's abuse, Karr says women including his former students have contacted her to share stories of Wallace hitting, lying to, and preying on them. The Broom of
3087-409: The song], miles away. I was surrounded by no one, and the book was just open on the front page, as most copies of Infinite Jest are ... nobody reads [ Infinite Jest ] all the way! Everyone our age has got a battered, quarter-read copy of Infinite Jest . Creative writing Creative writing can technically be considered any writing of original composition . In this sense, creative writing
3150-582: The state of Indiana David Wardrope Wallace (1850–1924), Canadian MP for Russell, 1903–1904 Sports [ edit ] Dave Wallace (baseball) (born 1947), coach and player Dave Wallace (cricketer) , American cricketer David Wallace (catcher) (born 1979), American professional baseball player David Wallace (footballer) , New Zealand international football (soccer) player David Wallace (rugby union) (born 1976), Irish rugby union player Other [ edit ] David Frederick Wallace (1900–1957), architect and brother of First Lady of
3213-411: The students' abilities to clearly express their thoughts and that creative writing entails an in-depth study of literary terms and mechanisms so they can be applied to the writer's work to foster improvement. These critical analysis skills are further used in other literary studies outside the creative writing sphere. Indeed, the process of creative writing, the crafting of a thought-out and original piece,
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#17330925041143276-471: The suggestion of colleague and supporter Steven Moore , Wallace obtained a position in the English department at Illinois State University . He had begun work on his second novel, Infinite Jest , in 1991, and submitted a draft to his editor in December 1993. After the publication of excerpts throughout 1995, the book was published in 1996. In 1997, Wallace received a MacArthur Fellowship . He also received
3339-699: The university level vary widely; some people value MFA programs and regard them with great respect, whereas many MFA candidates and hopefuls lament their chosen programs' lack of both diversity and genre awareness. The pedagogy of creative writing is also a source of controversy. Critics of MFA and English graduate programs argue that the methods of instruction discriminate against people with disabilities, emphasizing writing practices such as daily writing requirements or location-based writing that students with chronic illness, physical or mental health barriers, and neurodivergent students are unable to access. The selection of texts used in traditional creative writing programs
3402-633: The writers Don DeLillo , Zadie Smith , George Saunders , Mark Costello, Donald Antrim , and Jonathan Franzen . In March 2010, it was announced that Wallace's personal papers and archives—drafts of books, stories, essays, poems, letters, and research, including the handwritten notes for Infinite Jest —had been purchased by the University of Texas at Austin . They are held at that university's Harry Ransom Center . Since 2011, Loyola University New Orleans has offered English seminar courses on Wallace. Similar courses have also been taught at Harvard University . The first David Foster Wallace Conference
3465-577: Was a finalist for the Pulitzer Prize for Fiction in 2012. The Los Angeles Times ' s David Ulin called Wallace "one of the most influential and innovative writers of the last twenty years". Wallace grew up in Illinois and attended Amherst College . He taught English at Emerson College , Illinois State University , and Pomona College . After struggling with depression for many years, he died by suicide in 2008, at age 46. David Foster Wallace
3528-517: Was adapted as a play by artist Andy Holden for a two-night run at the ICA in London. The short story "Tri-Stan: I Sold Sissee Nar to Ecko", from Brief Interviews with Hideous Men , was adapted by composer Eric Moe into a 50-minute operatic piece, to be performed with accompanying video projections. The piece was described as having "subversively inscribed classical music into pop culture". Infinite Jest
3591-474: Was believed to be a severe interaction of the medication with the food he had eaten one day at a restaurant, and in June 2007, on his doctor's advice, he stopped taking phenelzine , his primary antidepressant drug. His depression recurred, and he tried other treatments, including electroconvulsive therapy . Eventually he went back on phenelzine but found it ineffective. On September 12, 2008, at age 46, Wallace wrote
3654-536: Was born in Ithaca, New York , to Sally Jean Wallace ( née Foster) and James Donald Wallace . The family moved to Champaign-Urbana, Illinois , where he was raised along with his younger sister, Amy Wallace-Havens. His father was a philosophy professor at the University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign . His mother was an English professor at Parkland College , a community college in Champaign, which recognized her work with
3717-1059: Was hosted by the Illinois State University Department of English in May 2014; the second was held in May 2015. In January 2017, the International David Foster Wallace Society and the Journal of David Foster Wallace Studies were launched. Among the writers who have cited Wallace as an influence are Dave Eggers , Jonathan Franzen , Rivka Galchen , Matthew Gallaway , David Gordon , John Green , Porochista Khakpour , George Saunders , Michael Schur , Zadie Smith , Darin Strauss , Deb Olin Unferth , Elizabeth Wurtzel , and Charles Yu . A feature-length film adaptation of Brief Interviews with Hideous Men , directed by John Krasinski with an ensemble cast,
3780-502: Was performed once as a stage play by Germany's experimental theater Hebbel am Ufer . The play was staged in various locations throughout Berlin , and the action took place over a 24-hour period. "Good Old Neon", from Oblivion: Stories , was adapted and performed by Ian Forester at the 2011 Hollywood Fringe Festival , produced by the Los Angeles independent theater company Needtheater. The song "Surrounded by Heads and Bodies", from
3843-471: Was released in 2009 and premiered at the Sundance Film Festival . The 19th episode of the 23rd season of The Simpsons , " A Totally Fun Thing That Bart Will Never Do Again " (2012), is loosely based on Wallace's essay "Shipping Out" from his 1997 collection, A Supposedly Fun Thing I'll Never Do Again . The Simpson family takes a cruise, and Wallace appears in the background of a scene, wearing
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#17330925041143906-492: Was repeatedly hospitalized for psychiatric care. In 1989, he spent four weeks at McLean Hospital —a psychiatric institute in Belmont, Massachusetts , affiliated with Harvard Medical School—where he completed a drug and alcohol detoxification program. He later said his time there changed his life. Dogs were important to Wallace, and he spoke of opening a shelter for stray canines. According to his friend Jonathan Franzen , he "had
3969-485: Was using 97 percent of me, whereas philosophy was using 50 percent." Wallace completed a Master of Fine Arts degree in creative writing at the University of Arizona in 1987. He moved to Massachusetts to attend graduate school in philosophy at Harvard University , but soon left the program. In 2002, Wallace met the painter Karen L. Green , whom he married on December 27, 2004. Wallace struggled with depression, alcoholism, drug addiction, and suicidal tendencies, and
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