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31-760: The Georgian military education dates back to 1862 when the first military school was established in Tbilisi. On the occasion of Georgia obtaining its independence in 1918, the Commanders-in-Chief of the Democratic Republic of Georgia , Major General Giorgi Kvinitadze established the Georgian Junkers Military School". After the Red Army invasion of Georgia in early 1921, the school ceased to exist. During Bolshevik and Georgian Communist Party rule,

62-591: A car flag on vehicles bearing the president within Georgian territory. After Georgia formally seceded from the Soviet Union on 9 April 1991, the Supreme Council voted, on 14 April, to create the post of executive president, and appointed Zviad Gamsakhurdia to the office pending the holding of direct elections. In the nationwide elections to this post, on 26 May 1991, Gamsakhurdia won a landslide victory, becoming

93-419: A parliamentary republic . In November 2018, Salome Zourabichvili , became Georgia's first female president in permanent capacity and, according to the new constitution, the last president to be elected by a direct vote. In view of these changes, she is set to serve a term of six years. In the event of the president's resignation, death or impeachment the chairperson of Parliament will temporarily serve until

124-530: A five-year term by the 300-member Electoral College, consisting of all members of the Parliament of Georgia and of the supreme representative bodies of the autonomous republics of Abkhazia and Adjara , also members from the representative bodies of local-self-governments (municipalities). The same person may be elected President of Georgia only twice. No less than 30 members of the Electoral College shall have

155-452: A new president is appointed. There were cases of this in Georgia in 2003 and 2007, in both cases, the president resigned prematurely and was replaced by the chairperson of parliament, before new elections were held. In both cases, the then-chairperson Nino Burjanadze became acting president; she was the only one in this position, and it can be said that she was also the first female president of

186-685: Is a high-ranking officer in the military of Georgia , who heads the General Staff of the Defence Forces of Georgia and is an ex officio Deputy Chief of the Defence Forces . The Chief is appointed by the Minister of Defence and reports to the Minister and Chief of Defence Forces. The Chief of General Staff exercises overall leadership of the General Staff and directs its day-to-day activities. The Chief

217-531: Is consequent military service. Cadets receive the rank of Lieutenant upon graduation. The students at the Academy were called "Listeners", which in 2014 was changed to "Junkers" in order to honour the original Junkers who died in service to the Democratic Republic of Georgia . The Academic Council is a governing body of NDA, with its authority being defined under the law "Regarding Higher Education". The tasks of

248-411: Is responsible for the proper execution of the tasks saddled on the General Staff, supervises planning of military operations, oversees coordination among the staffs of various units of the Defence Forces, and performs other functions as defined by the military law. The Chief of General Staff is also a Deputy Chief of Defence Forces. They are appointed, with no term length, and released of the position by

279-519: Is the ceremonial head of state of Georgia as well as the commander-in-chief of the Defence Forces . The constitution defines the presidential office as "the guarantor of the country's unity and national independence." The president is largely a figurehead as in many parliamentary democracies. Executive power is vested in the Government and the prime minister . The office was first introduced by

310-718: The Georgia–Georgia National Guard Partnership . The length of studies at the ETA had been defined for 4 years. In 2005, due to the need for the growth of the personnel strength of the Georgian Armed Forces" the system of the Academy has been transformed to retain only the 18-month-long officer training courses. Upon entry into the academy, cadets sign a contract with the MoD for 10 years of military service, of which 4 years are dedicated to studies and 6 years of which

341-505: The Supreme Council of the Republic of Georgia on 14 April 1991, five days after Georgia's declaration of independence from the Soviet Union . The president serves a five-year term. The current president is Salome Zourabichvili . Because of Georgia's transition to a fully parliamentary system she is the last president to be elected directly by the citizens. Any citizen of Georgia having

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372-431: The electoral right , who has attained the age of 35 and who has lived in Georgia for at least 15 years, may be elected President of Georgia. The office cannot be held by a citizen of Georgia who is simultaneously the citizen of a foreign country. The president of Georgia shall not be a member of a political party. According to the 2018 version of Georgia's constitution, starting in 2024, the president will be elected for

403-513: The Academy was given the honorific prefix of "David Aghmashenebeli" ( David IV of Georgia in English . Six years later, it changed its location to Gori , where it still operates today. In late 2010, the ETA underwent a new process for reforms, which included the NCEQE Council for the authorization of the ETA's status as the highest educational institution. The following year, it received support from

434-589: The Constitution and law, at the request of the Parliament of Georgia, the Government of Georgia or no less than 200 000 voters, within 30 days after such a request is received. A referendum shall not be held in order to adopt or repeal a law, to grant amnesty or pardon, to ratify or denounce international treaties, or to decide issues that envisage the restriction of fundamental constitutional human rights. Issues related to calling and holding referendums shall be defined by

465-498: The Government, appoint and dismiss ambassadors and other heads of diplomatic missions of Georgia; b) conclude a constitutional agreement with the Apostolic Autocephalous Orthodox Church of Georgia on behalf of the state of Georgia; c) call the elections of Parliament and local self-government bodies in accordance with the Constitution and the procedures established by the organic law; d) upon nomination by

496-576: The Government, appoint and dismiss the Commander of the Defence Forces of Georgia; appoint one member of the High Council of Justice; participate in the appointment of the chairperson and members of the Central Election Commission of Georgia in cases defined by the organic law and in accordance with the established procedure; upon nomination by the Government, submit to Parliament candidates for

527-517: The Minister of Defence of Georgia. The office of the Chief of General Staff was introduced in Georgia following its independence from the Soviet Union in 1991. It has undergone several name changes since then. Prior to the 2018 reforms, the Chief was appointed by the President of Georgia on the advice of the Minister of Defence for a three-year term, with the possibility of extension for one year. The Chief

558-480: The adoption of a new Constitution on 24 August 1995, the post of president was restored. Shevardnadze was elected to presidency on 5 November 1995, and reelected on 9 April 2000. He resigned under pressure of mass demonstrations known as Rose Revolution on 23 November 2003. After Nino Burjanadze 's brief tenure as an acting president , Mikheil Saakashvili was elected on 4 January 2004. He did not serve his full first term, but voluntarily resigned to defuse tensions in

589-508: The aftermath of the 2007 Georgian demonstrations and brought the presidential elections forward from the original date in autumn 2008. He was reelected on 5 January 2008. The president's executive powers were significantly curtailed in favor of the prime minister and the Government in a series of amendments passed between 2013 and 2018. After the election of Giorgi Margvelashvili to presidency in October 2013, Georgia finalized its transition to

620-421: The consent of Parliament, to suspend the activity of a representative body of a territorial unit, or to dissolve such a body, if its activities threaten the sovereignty or territorial integrity of the country, or the exercise of constitutional powers by state bodies; i) exercise other powers determined by the Constitution. 2. The President of Georgia shall have the right to call a referendum on issues defined in

651-779: The council include presenting the ETA and creating and approving internal legislation. Since 2018, the ETA hosted a summer school known as "My World", with the support of the Embassy of the United States, Tbilisi . Currently, the departments are operating at the ETA: In September 2015, the ETA graduated its first class of baccalaureate school cadets. Chief of General Staff (Georgia) The Chief of General Staff of Georgian Defence Forces ( Georgian : საქართველოს თავდაცვის ძალების გენერალური შტაბის უფროსი , romanized : sakartvelos tavdatsvis dzalebis generaluri sht'abis uprosi )

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682-454: The country. However, the first fully elected female president in Georgia was Salome Zourabichvili , who is still in this position. Administration of the President of Georgia ( Georgian : საქართველოს პრეზიდენტის ადმინისტრაცია , romanized : sakartvelos p'rezident'is administ'ratsia , sometimes translated as Presidential Administration of Georgia ) is the body supporting and organizing

713-526: The exercise of the powers defined by the Constitution of Georgia and other legislative acts for the President of Georgia. The Administration of the President of Georgia was established on February 14, 2004 by the Decree №60 of the President of Georgia, Mikheil Saakashvili . In its activities, the administration is guided by the Constitution of Georgia, the legislation of Georgia, the statute and other legal acts of

744-406: The first president of the Republic of Georgia. Gamsakhurdia was ousted in a military coup d'état on 6 January 1992. He continued to function as a president-in-exile until his death in a failed attempt to regain power on 31 December 1993. In the post-coup absence of legitimate power, a position of the head of state was introduced for Georgia's new leader Eduard Shevardnadze on 10 March 1992. After

775-478: The impeachment of the president is constitutionally banned during a state of emergency or martial law. 1. The President of Georgia shall: a) with the consent of the Government, exercise representative powers in foreign relations, negotiate with other states and international organisations, conclude international treaties, and accept the accreditation of ambassadors and other diplomatic representatives of other states and international organisations; upon nomination by

806-416: The membership of the national regulatory bodies; e) decide on citizenship issues in accordance with the procedures established by the organic law; f) pardon convicts; g) in accordance with the procedures established by law, grant state awards and rewards; highest military ranks, special ranks and honorary titles; and highest diplomatic ranks; h) be entitled, upon recommendation by the Government and with

837-432: The organic law. 3. The President of Georgia shall have the right to address the people. The President shall annually submit a report on crucial state-related issues to Parliament. Prior to assuming office, on the third Sunday after the election day, the newly elected president of Georgia addresses the people and is required to take the following oath of office: The president of Georgia enjoys immunity. No one shall have

868-620: The right to detain or bring criminal proceedings against the president of Georgia while in office. Security of the president of Georgia is provided by the Special State Protection Service . The standard is adapted from the national flag of Georgia , charged in the center with the Georgian coat of arms . Copies of the standard are used inside the president's office, at the Chancellery Building, other state agencies, and as

899-422: The right to nominate a candidate for the president of Georgia. The election of the president of Georgia is appointed by the Parliament for October. One third of the total number of the members of Parliament has the right to raise the question of impeachment of the president of Georgia. They can be considered impeached if the decision is supported by at least two thirds of the members of Parliament. The procedure of

930-560: The school was transformed into an institution of Red Army students, later being renamed to the Tbilisi Higher Artillery Command School , which was abolished in 1992 upon the restoration of independence. On 28 May 1993 based on the order of Defence Minister Giorgi Karkarashvili , the United Military Academy of the Republic of Georgia was created. It began operating on 1 September 1993. On 20 February 2003,

961-454: Was the highest-ranking military officer in the Georgian military, chief military adviser to the President, and wartime commander of the Armed Forces of Georgia. For period from 1921 to 1991, see Chief of the General Staff of the Soviet Union . President of Georgia The president of Georgia ( Georgian : საქართველოს პრეზიდენტი , romanized : sakartvelos p'rezident'i )

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