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59-590: Founded in 1981, it is headquartered in Vélizy-Villacoublay , France, and has 23,811 employees across 194 global offices. Dassault Systèmes (also known as 3DS) grew out of the aerospace industry's search for more sophisticated drafting tools to streamline the development process and aid in the increasing complexity of aviation design. Dassault Systèmes spun out in 1981 (as part of Dassault Group ) to develop and market their 3D surface design software CATI, later renamed CATIA . That same year, Dassault Systèmes signed

118-531: A digital footprint of all of their products, from design to development and throughout the entire product life cycle. Broadly speaking, industries with manufacturing business are highly disrupted by digital twins. In the manufacturing process, the digital twin is like a virtual replica of the near-time occurrences in the factory. Thousands of sensors are being placed throughout the physical manufacturing process, all collecting data from different dimensions, such as environmental conditions, behavioural characteristics of

177-581: A joint effort to build a European sovereign cloud service for the financial, health and public sectors that would rely on the infrastructure of 3DS Outscale. In 2022, the company named Philippine de T'Serclaes as its chief sustainability officer. Dassault Systèmes' currently supported roster of brands and industries served (as of May 2024): Dassault Systèmes has 23,811 employees across 194 global offices: 39% are based in Europe; 33% in Asia-Oceania; and 28% in

236-757: A logical extension - at an individual asset level and at a national level. In the United Kingdom in November 2018, for example, the Centre for Digital Built Britain published The Gemini Principles , outlining principles to guide development of a "national digital twin". One of the earliest examples of a working 'digital twin' was achieved in 1996 during construction of the Heathrow Express facilities at Heathrow Airport 's Terminal 1 . Consultant Mott MacDonald and BIM pioneer Jonathan Ingram connected movement sensors in

295-421: A mutually beneficial manner. The digital twin is disrupting the entire product lifecycle management (PLM), from design, to manufacturing, to service and operations. Nowadays , PLM is very time-consuming in terms of efficiency, manufacturing, intelligence, service phases and sustainability in product design. A digital twin can merge the product physical and virtual space. The digital twin enables companies to have

354-1002: A problem before actually breaking down. Furthermore, as storage and computing costs are becoming less expensive, the ways in which digital twins are used are expanding. Implementation challenges such as data integration , organizational or compliance challenges can hinder the implementation of digital twins and its benefits. Digital twins are transforming construction by creating dynamic digital replicas of physical assets. They support health monitoring, ergonomic risk assessment, and predictive maintenance of structures like bridges and historical buildings. Applications also optimize building energy and carbon performance. Case studies, such as Weihai Port, highlight their practical success. Digital twins rely on robust system architectures and tailored, requirements-driven designs. Advanced models like LSTM enable predictive capabilities, though challenges in integration and scaling remain. Geographic digital twins have been popularised in urban planning practice, given

413-582: A sales and marketing agreement with IBM , allowing IBM to resell the CATIA CAD software. In the 1990s, Dassault Systèmes' software was used to develop seven out of every ten new airplanes and four out of every ten new cars worldwide. Major players in the aviation and automotive industries, including Honda , Mercedes-Benz , BMW and Boeing , were able to design and mock-up their products in CATIA rather than using CAD programs and physical prototypes. The Boeing 777 ,

472-419: A single factory, but to all the factories across the globe. (Grieves, 2014, p. 5) As stated above, a digital twin enables a physical product to be reprogrammable in a certain way. Furthermore, the digital twin is also reprogrammable in an automatic manner, through the sensors on the physical product, artificial intelligence technologies, and predictive analytics . A consequence of this reprogrammable nature

531-409: A supply chain can be increased by enabling members of this supply chain to check the digital twin of a product or asset. These partners can then check the status of this product by simply checking the digital twin. Servitization is the process of organizations that are adding value to their core corporate offerings through services. In the case of the example of engines, the manufacturing of the engine

590-603: A virtual model of the affected area. Healthcare is recognized as an industry being disrupted by the digital twin technology. The concept of digital twin in the healthcare industry was originally proposed and first used in product or equipment prognostics. With a digital twin, lives can be improved in terms of medical health, sports and education by taking a more data-driven approach to healthcare. The availability of technologies makes it possible to build personalized models for patients, continuously adjustable based on tracked health and lifestyle parameters. This can ultimately lead to

649-504: A virtual patient, with detailed description of the healthy state of an individual patient and not only on previous records. Furthermore, the digital twin enables individual's records to be compared to the population in order to easier find patterns with great detail. The biggest benefit of the digital twin on the healthcare industry is the fact that healthcare can be tailored to anticipate on the responses of individual patients. Digital twins will not only lead to better resolutions when defining

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708-419: A virtual representation of the product (in the form of a digital twin), thus decoupling the information from its physical form. Therefore, the homogenization of data and the decoupling of the information from its physical artifact, have allowed digital twins to come into existence. However, digital twins also enable increasingly more information on physical products to be stored digitally and become decoupled from

767-447: Is based on this connection; without it, digital twin technology would not exist. As described in the previous section, this connectivity is created by sensors on the physical product which obtain data and integrate and communicate this data through various integration technologies. Digital twin technology enables increased connectivity between organizations, products, and customers. For example, connectivity between partners and customers in

826-571: Is its connectivity. The recent development of the Internet of Things (IoT) brings forward numerous new technologies. The development of IoT also brings forward the development of digital twin technology. This technology shows many characteristics that have similarities with the character of the IoT, namely its connective nature. First and foremost, the technology enables connectivity between the physical component and its digital counterpart. The basis of digital twins

885-410: Is meant to be an up-to-date and accurate copy of the physical object's properties and states, including shape, position, gesture, status and motion. A digital twin also can be used for monitoring , diagnostics and prognostics to optimize asset performance and utilization. In this field, sensory data can be combined with historical data, human expertise and fleet and simulation learning to improve

944-421: Is the core offering of this organization, they then add value by providing a service of checking the engine and offering maintenance. Digital twins can be further characterized as a digital technology that is both the consequence and an enabler of the homogenization of data. Due to the fact that any type of information or content can now be stored and transmitted in the same digital form, it can be used to create

1003-420: Is the emergence of functionalities. If we take the example of an engine again, digital twins can be used to collect data about the performance of the engine and if needed adjust the engine, creating a newer version of the product. Also, servitization can be seen as a consequence of the reprogrammable nature as well. Manufacturers can be responsible for observing the digital twin, making adjustments, or reprogramming

1062-714: The Falcon 2000 business jet, and the Rafale jet fighter were designed using CATIA. Dassault Systèmes launched an initial public offering (IPO) on both the Paris Bourse and Nasdaq in 1996. Following its success, the next year, the company acquired SolidWorks and Deneb Robotics, which later became part of the DELMIA brand, and additional software to build toward product lifecycle management (PLM). The SolidWorks acquisition strengthened Dassault Systèmes' 2D drafting capacity and provided entry into

1121-510: The Microsoft market, while other acquisitions added digital manufacturing software to the product lineup. These acquisitions paved the way for Dassault Systèmes to introduce a total manufacturing system with their subsidiary brand, DELMIA, in 1998. The new offering enabled access to data across the spectrum of manufacturing processes, while remaining independent of the CAD environment. By the end of 1998,

1180-554: The Microsoft Windows environment. As the demand for digital and virtual experiences increased in 2000, Dassault Systèmes launched DELMIA, which provides digital manufacturing tools for virtual planning, simulating, and modeling of production processes. The mid-2000s heralded a series of acquisitions for Dassault Systèmes to improve their product offerings and expand their market reach, and Dassault Systèmes launched new software and tools. In 2005, Dassault Systèmes sought to improve

1239-543: The business processes that contribute toward its production . The first digital twin, although not labeled as such, came about at NASA during the 1960s as a means of modelling the Apollo missions . NASA used simulators to evaluate the failure of Apollo 13's oxygen tanks. The broader idea that became the digital twin concept was anticipated by David Gelernter 's 1991 book Mirror Worlds . The digital twin concept, which has been known by different names (e.g., virtual twin) ,

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1298-587: The Americas. Geographic headquarters are located in Paris ( Vélizy-Villacoublay , France ), Shanghai, and Boston ( Waltham, Massachusetts ). As of December 31, 2023, approximately 41% of employees worked in R&;D. In recent years, Dassault Systèmes has been named Forbes' World's Most Innovative Companies, Corporate Knights' World's Most Sustainable Corporations, Forbes' World's Best Employers and Fortune's Future 50 companies with

1357-624: The CAD software industry vendors were devising strategies to become internet-enabled. The main focus was to enable the viewing of 3D models in web browsers and build interfaces to product data management (PDM) systems. Dassault Systèmes was one of the leaders in enabling these functions for its users. The company benefited from their experience integrating CAD software across networks for the Boeing 777 project, and had already made moves toward internet-enabled CAD software in 1996 with CATIA Conferencing Groupware; which enabled review and annotation of models using

1416-420: The acquisition of MatrixOne, which would be linked with ENOVIA. In 2007, subsidiary brand 3DVIA was launched to create a social network and content community for 3D artists and modelers. As the 2000s progressed, Dassault Systèmes began to enter online applications and build toward more online applications for product data management, collaboration, realistic simulation and more. Examples of this strategy include

1475-620: The actual system." The evolving US DoD Digital Engineering Strategy initiative, first formulated in 2018, defines a digital twin as "an integrated multiphysics, multiscale, probabilistic simulation of an as-built system, enabled by a Digital Thread, that uses the best available models, sensor information, and input data to mirror and predict activities/performance over the life of its corresponding physical twin." Digital twins are commonly divided into subtypes that sometimes include: digital twin prototype (DTP), digital twin instance (DTI), and digital twin aggregate (DTA). The DTP consists of

1534-404: The automotive application, in particular when the related algorithms are based on artificial intelligence approaches that require extensive training data and validation data sets. The physical manufacturing objects are virtualized and represented as digital twin models (avatars) seamlessly and closely integrated in both the physical and cyber spaces. Physical objects and twin models interact in

1593-421: The automotive industry is where automotive engineers use digital twin technology in combination with the firm's analytical tool in order to analyze how a specific car is driven. In doing so, they can suggest incorporating new features in the car that can reduce car accidents on the road, which was previously not possible in such a short time frame. Digital twins can be built for not just individual vehicles but also

1652-554: The built environment integrating data feeds from embedded sensors in cities and API services to form digital twins. For example, AR can be used to create augmented reality maps, buildings, and data feeds projected onto tabletops for collaborative viewing by built environment professionals. In the built environment, partly through the adoption of building information modeling (BIM) processes, planning, design, construction, and operation and maintenance activities are increasingly being digitised, and digital twins of built assets are seen as

1711-413: The cofferdam and boreholes to the digital object-model to display movements in the model. A digital grouting object was made to monitor the effects of pumping grout into the earth to stabilise ground movements. Digital twins have also been proposed as a method to reduce the need for visual inspections of buildings and infrastructure after earthquakes by using unmanned vehicles to gather data to be added to

1770-443: The company calls virtual twin experiences and are powered by the 3DEXPERIENCE platform. Virtual twins help companies visualize, model and simulate an entire environment to explore how a product or process will behave when assembled, operated or subjected to a range of events. To expand their capabilities and industries served through the 3DEXPERIENCE platform, Dassault Systèmes completed additional acquisitions, including: Throughout

1829-551: The creation of Société des Avions Marcel Bloch (now Dassault Aviation ) by Marcel Dassault , later led by his son Serge Dassault , and led since 2018 by co-founder of Dassault Systèmes Charles Edelstenne . According to Challenges , the Dassault family's combined net worth is estimated at around 23.5 billion euros. Digital twin A digital twin is a digital model of an intended or actual real-world physical product, system, or process (a physical twin ) that serves as

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1888-464: The decade, Dassault Systèmes advanced into the life sciences and healthcare industry, including launching the Living Heart Project for simulating heart function in 2014 and acquiring subsidiary brand MEDIDATA for managing clinical trials, in 2019. In 2020, Dassault Systèmes expanded its focus from “Things to Life” by applying what they have learned over the past four decades and applying it to

1947-416: The designs, analyses, and processes that realize a physical product. The DTP exists before there is a physical product. The DTI is the digital twin of each individual instance of the product once it is manufactured. The DTI is linked with its physical counterpart for the remainder of the physical counterpart's life. The DTA is the aggregation of DTIs whose data and information can be used for interrogation about

2006-434: The digital twin concept to the entire manufacturing process. Doing so allows the benefits of virtualization to be extended to domains such as inventory management including lean manufacturing , machinery crash avoidance, tooling design, troubleshooting , and preventive maintenance . Digital twinning therefore allows extended reality and spatial computing to be applied not just to the product itself but also to all of

2065-408: The digital twin when needed and they can offer this as an extra service. Another characteristic that can be observed, is the fact that digital twin technologies leave digital traces. These traces can be used by engineers for example, when a machine malfunctions to go back and check the traces of the digital twin, to diagnose where the problem occurred. These diagnoses can in the future also be used by

2124-548: The effectively indistinguishable digital counterpart of it for practical purposes, such as simulation , integration , testing , monitoring , and maintenance . A digital twin is set of adaptive models that emulate the behaviour of a physical system in a virtual system getting real time data to update itself along its life cycle. The digital twin replicates the physical system to predict failures and opportunities for changing, to prescribe real time actions for optimizing and/or mitigating unexpected events observing and evaluating

2183-525: The gap between the rich and poor. Furthermore, the digital twin will identify patterns in a population which may lead to discrimination. The automobile industry has been improved by digital twin technology. Digital twins in the automobile industry are implemented by using existing data in order to facilitate processes and reduce marginal costs. Currently, automobile designers expand the existing physical materiality by incorporating software-based digital abilities. A specific example of digital twin technology in

2242-461: The health of an individual patient but also change the expected image of a healthy patient. Previously, 'healthy' was seen as the absence of disease indications. Now, 'healthy' patients can be compared to the rest of the population in order to really define healthy. However, the emergence of the digital twin in healthcare also brings some downsides. The digital twin may lead to inequality, as the technology might not be accessible for everyone by widening

2301-407: The homogenization and decoupling of information is that the user experience converges. As information from physical objects is digitized, a single artifact can have multiple new affordances. Digital twin technology allows detailed information about a physical object to be shared with a larger number of agents, unconstrained by physical location or time. In his white paper on digital twin technology in

2360-528: The human body. By developing a virtual twin experience of the human body, they can model, search, test and treat a human body as precisely, safely and effectively as cars, buildings or airplanes and customize the care of each individual. To expand the capabilities served through the 3DEXPERIENCE platform, Dassault Systèmes completed additional acquisitions, including: In late 2022, Dassault Systèmes, along with French companies Docaposte, Bouygues Telecom and Banque des Territoires, announced plans to create Numspot,

2419-483: The increasing appetite for digital technology in the Smart Cities movement. These digital twins are often proposed in the form of interactive platforms to capture and display real-time 3D and 4D spatial data in order to model urban environments (cities) and the data feeds within them. Visualization technologies such as augmented reality (AR) systems are being used as both collaborative tools for design and planning in

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2478-405: The internet. The introduction of ENOVIA further marked their industry-leading place by providing internet-enabled PDM and 3D product lifecycle management. Dassault Systèmes' acquisitions continued into 1999, when two CAD software vendors were purchased: Matra Datavision and Smart Solutions. Also in 1999, Dassault Systèmes released CATIA Version 5, which was the first version to be fully implemented in

2537-401: The machine and work that is being performed. All this data is continuously communicating and collected by the digital twin. Advanced ways of product and asset maintenance and management come within reach as there is a digital twin of the real 'thing' with real-time capabilities. Digital twins offer a great amount of business potential by predicting the future instead of analyzing the past of

2596-405: The machines that are used and notice possible areas of improvement in the machines. When these machines are made modular, by using digital twin technology, manufacturers can see which components make the machine perform poorly and replace these with better fitting components to improve the manufacturing process. An example of digital twins is the use of 3D modeling to create digital companions for

2655-438: The manufacturer of these machines, to improve their designs so that these same malfunctions will occur less often in the future. In the sense of the manufacturing industry, modularity can be described as the design and customization of products and production modules. By adding modularity to the manufacturing models, manufacturers gain the ability to tweak models and machines. Digital twin technology enables manufacturers to track

2714-428: The manufacturing industry, Michael Grieves noted the following about the consequences of homogenization enabled by digital twins: In the past, factory managers had their office overlooking the factory so that they could get a feel for what was happening on the factory floor. With the digital twin, not only the factory manager, but everyone associated with factory production could have that same virtual window to not only

2773-483: The manufacturing process. The representation of reality created by digital twins allows manufacturers to evolve towards ex-ante business practices. The future of manufacturing drives on the following four aspects: modularity, autonomy, connectivity and digital twin. As there is an increasing digitalization in the stages of a manufacturing process, opportunities are opening up to achieve a higher productivity. This starts with modularity and leading to higher effectiveness in

2832-470: The operating profile system. Though the concept originated earlier (as a natural aspect of computer simulation generally), the first practical definition of a digital twin originated from NASA in an attempt to improve the physical-model simulation of spacecraft in 2010. Digital twins are the result of continual improvement in modeling and engineering. In the 2010s and 2020s, manufacturing industries began moving beyond digital product definition to extending

2891-419: The outcome of prognostics. Therefore, complex prognostics and intelligent maintenance system platforms can use digital twins in finding the root cause of issues and improve productivity . Digital twins of autonomous vehicles and their sensor suites embedded in a traffic and environment simulation have also been proposed as a means to overcome the significant development, testing and validation challenges for

2950-432: The percentage equity interest and voting rights directly or indirectly held by Dassault Systèmes SA. The following comprises the company's management: The shareholders as listed in the annual financial report for 2023: Dassault Group Groupe Industriel Marcel Dassault SAS ( French pronunciation: [daso] ; also GIM Dassault or Dassault Group ) is a French corporate group established in 1929 with

3009-405: The physical and virtual objects and environments. The communication connection is referred to as the digital thread. The International Council of Systems Engineers (INCOSE) maintains in its Systems Engineering Book of Knowledge (SEBoK) that: "A digital twin is a related yet distinct concept to digital engineering. The digital twin is a high-fidelity model of the system which can be used to emulate

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3068-419: The physical objects. It can be used to view the status of the actual physical object, which provides a way to project physical objects into the digital world. For example, when sensors collect data from a connected device, the sensor data can be used to update a "digital twin" copy of the device's state in real time. The term "device shadow" is also used for the concept of a digital twin. The digital twin

3127-419: The physical product, prognostics, and learning. The specific information contained in the digital twins is driven by use cases. The digital twin is a logical construct, meaning that the actual data and information may be contained in other applications. Digital twin technologies have certain characteristics that distinguish them from other technologies: One of the main characteristics of digital twin technology

3186-598: The product itself. As data is increasingly digitized, it can be transmitted, stored and computed in fast and low-cost ways. According to Moore's law , computing power will continue to increase exponentially over the coming years, while the cost of computing decreases significantly. This would, therefore, lead to lower marginal costs of developing digital twins and make it comparatively much cheaper to test, predict, and solve problems on virtual representations rather than testing on physical models and waiting for physical products to break before intervening. Another consequence of

3245-451: The production system. Furthermore, autonomy enables the production system to respond to unexpected events in an efficient and intelligent way. Lastly, connectivity like the internet of things , makes the closing of the digitalization loop possible, by then allowing the following cycle of product design and promotion to be optimized for higher performance. This may lead to increase in customer satisfaction and loyalty when products can determine

3304-628: The purchase or launch of brands such as EXALEAD for information intelligence, NETVIBES for business analytics, 3DEXCITE for marketing, and GEOVIA for modeling the planet. In 2012, the company launched the 3DEXPERIENCE platform to connect its software applications. CATIA under the 3DEXPERIENCE platform enables users to go beyond physical product definition to model any product in the context of its real-life behavior. Systems, architects, engineers, designers and all contributors collaborate on fit, form, function, and customer experience. Dassault Systèmes also began to offer its version of digital twins , which

3363-419: The quality of 3D interactions and simulations. First they acquired Abaqus, a US-based company specializing in software that allows engineers to simulate and observe the performance of components in products. Then they acquired Virtools, software that enables companies to create 3D applications. The following year, the company extended its market reach into high-tech, consumer products, and medical devices through

3422-477: The strongest long-term growth potential. They have also been included in the Dow Jones Sustainability Indices , have received an MSCI ESG "AAA" rating and received a "Platinum Medal" rating from EcoVadis based on an assessment of environment, labor and human rights issues, and ethics and sustainable procurement criteria. The list below sets forth the company's main subsidiaries and also indicates

3481-476: Was first called "digital twin" by Hernández and Hernández in 1997. The digital twin concept consists of three distinct parts: the physical object or process and its physical environment, the digital representation of the object or process, and the communication channel between the physical and virtual representations. The connections between the physical version and the digital version include information flows and data that includes physical sensor flows between

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