Misplaced Pages

#561438

73-709: Darłowo ( Polish pronunciation: [darˈwɔvɔ] ; Kashubian : Dërłowò ; German : Rügenwalde ), is a seaside town in the West Pomeranian Region, at the south coast of the Baltic Sea , north-western Poland , with 13,324 inhabitants as of December 2021. It is located in Sławno County in West Pomeranian Voivodeship on the Slovincian Coast . The earliest archaeological signs of a settlement in

146-834: A cousin of Świętopełk, a Pomeranian duke defeated by Boleslaw III of Poland in a campaign of 1111/12. Yet, these assumptions all remain speculative. Main burial sites of the Griffins are the Ducal Castle in Szczecin , Saint John Co-Cathedral in Kamień Pomorski and Saint Peter church in Wolgast . Eric of Pomerania , King of Denmark, Norway and Sweden, is buried in the Our Lady of Częstochowa church in Darłowo . Ranunculus gryphum  [ pl ] ,

219-469: A document dated 1194. The name Pomerania comes from Slavic po more , which means "[land] along the sea". The origins of the Griffins are not clear. Most theories derive them from either local West Slavic nobility or a cadet branch of the Polish house of Piasts . Medieval Polish chronicler Jan Długosz connected them with Polish noble family of Świebodzice from the south province of Poland named

292-558: A hipped roof, decorated with pointed-arch blinds. Inside, there are still preserved bullet holes. Easternmost lighthouse that belongs to the West Coast is the lighthouse in Darłówko, built at the base of the eastern breakwater at the mouth Wieprza flowing into the Baltic Sea. The first mention of Darłowo lighthouse comes from 1715, when the city authorities ordered to set lights on both sides of

365-575: A long time. But the despair, the fire destroyed it again in 1675 and 1722 and the town hall was rebuilt in 1725 and let it be for the last time". Dreams of the citizens came true. To this day, the Town Hall is home to the municipal government and the city – untouched – survived the march of the Red Army that won the Western Pomerania in winter of 1945. It has been located on Darłowo market since 1919. It

438-467: A rich burgher of Darłowo – Elizabeth von Behr – in order to build a fortress on it. Over the decades, a castle had grown on the island, which in its main outlines has survived to this day. The work of Boguslaw V was at that time so representative that so that as early as in 1372 a congress of the Pomeranian princes – brothers and cousins Boguslaw took place within its walls. The first sovereign, who modernised

511-443: A shepherd is guarding a flock of sheep and a woman herding geese. Goose meat, especially liver were the best export product of the former Darłowo. The High Gate ( Brama Wysoka ) is one of the three city gates and the only one that survived until today. The residue of the old city fortifications that surrounded the city with a 1500-meter long wall. It was rebuilt in 1732. It is placed on a square, four-pointed arch crossing, covered with

584-399: A square; its tower is 24 metres (79 feet) high. This is the only castle of such characteristic on the Polish seacoast. The peculiarity of Darłowo museum is a two-headed calf, which was probably born in the village Janiewice, district of Sławno in 1919. Another interesting feature of the castle is a cat mummy and a golden sculpture of a dove – a talisman of luck for King Eric and Cecilia. Since

657-666: Is Darłovia Darłowo. It competes in the lower leagues. Darłowo is twinned with: Kashubian language In Poland , it has been an officially recognized ethnic-minority language since 2005. Approximately 87,600 people use mainly Kashubian at home. It is the only remnant of the Pomeranian language . It is close to standard Polish with influence from Low German and the extinct Polabian (West Slavic) and Old Prussian (West Baltic) languages. The Kashubian language exists in two different forms: vernacular dialects used in rural areas, and literary variants used in education. Kashubian

730-631: Is a Gothic church dating back to the 15th century. It is Poland's only church built in Scandinavian -style Gothic. In connection with the history of the church, a traditional annual procession takes place in Darłowo in September. The church organs serve both worshipers and Polish and international virtuosos during the annual summer organ festivals organised by the Koszalin Philharmonic. The smallest of

803-541: Is a prestige language. Kashubian is closely related to Slovincian , and both of them are dialects of Pomeranian . Many linguists , in Poland and elsewhere, consider it a divergent dialect of Polish . Dialectal diversity is so great within Kashubian that a speaker of southern dialects has considerable difficulty in understanding a speaker of northern dialects. The spelling and the grammar of Polish words written in Kashubian, which

SECTION 10

#1733092765562

876-537: Is assumed to have evolved from the language spoken by some tribes of Pomeranians called Kashubians , in the region of Pomerania , on the southern coast of the Baltic Sea between the Vistula and Oder rivers. It first began to evolve separately in the period from the thirteenth to the fifteenth century as the Polish-Pomeranian linguistic area began to divide based around important linguistic developments centred in

949-570: Is higher, around 366,000. All Kashubian speakers are also fluent in Polish. A number of schools in Poland use Kashubian as a teaching language. It is an official alternative language for local administration purposes in Gmina Sierakowice , Gmina Linia , Gmina Parchowo , Gmina Luzino and Gmina Żukowo in the Pomeranian Voivodeship . Most respondents say that Kashubian is used in informal speech among family members and friends. This

1022-476: Is most likely because Polish is the official language and spoken in formal settings. During the Kashubian diaspora of 1855–1900, 115,700 Kashubians emigrated to North America , with around 15,000 emigrating to Brazil . Among the Polish community of Renfrew County, Ontario , Kashubian is widely spoken to this day, despite the use of more formal Polish by parish priests. In Winona, Minnesota , which Ramułt termed

1095-513: Is most of its vocabulary, are highly unusual, making it difficult for native Polish speakers to comprehend written text in Kashubian. Like Polish, Kashubian includes about 5% loanwords from German (such as kùńszt "art"). Unlike Polish, these are mostly from Low German and only occasionally from High German . Other sources of loanwords include the Baltic languages . The number of speakers of Kashubian varies widely from source to source. In

1168-673: Is the only language in Poland with that status, which was granted by the Act of 6 January 2005 on National and Ethnic Minorities and on the Regional Language of the Polish Parliament . The act provides for its use in official contexts in ten communes in which speakers are at least 20% of the population. The recognition means that heavily populated Kashubian localities have been able to have road signs and other amenities with Polish and Kashubian translations on them. Friedrich Lorentz wrote in

1241-460: Is the only lighthouse in Poland built on a rectangular plan. Since the medieval Christianization of the region, the population of the town was Catholic. After the Reformation , the vast majority of the town's population was composed of Protestants . Since the end of World War II the population of Darłowo has been Polish-speaking and either Roman Catholic or non-religious. The local football club

1314-400: Is used for expressive purposes or is the result of syllable stress. All traces of vowel length can now be seen in vowel alterations. Kashubian features free placement of stress , and in some cases, mobile stress, and in northern dialects, unstressed syllables can result in vowel reduction . An archaic word final stress is preserved in some two-syllable adjectives, adverbs, and regularly in

1387-627: The Lesser Poland , who also used a griffin as their coat-of-arms and who in turn might also have been a cadet branch of the Piasts. At any rate, chronicler Gallus Anonymus in his Gesta principum Polonorum calls the Griffins "close cousins" of then-contemporary Bolesław III of Poland , directly implying a close dynastic relationship with the Piasts. In the 17th century, the Griffins derived their roots from legendary beings from Sorb mythology called Gryphus or Baltus . The first known members of

1460-618: The Universal Declaration of Human Rights in English: House of Pomerania The House of Griffin or Griffin dynasty ( German : Greifen ; Polish : Gryfici , Danish : Grif ; Latin : Gryphes ) was a dynasty ruling the Duchy of Pomerania from the 12th century until 1637. The name "Griffins" was used by the dynasty after the 15th century and had been taken from the ducal coat of arms . Duke Wartislaw I (died 1135)

1533-528: The comparative degree of adverbs, in some infinitives and present and past tense forms, some nouns ending in -ô , in diminutives . ending in -ik / -yk , nouns formed with -c and -k , and some prepositional phrases with pronouns. Stress mobility can be observed in nouns, where in the singular the stress is initial, but in the plural it's on the final syllable of the stem, i.e. k'òlano but kòl'anami , and in some verb forms, i.e. k'ùpi vs kùp'ita . Some dialects have merged ë with e , making

SECTION 20

#1733092765562

1606-462: The "Kashubian Capital of America", Kashubian was regarded as "poor Polish," as opposed to the "good Polish" of the parish priests and teaching sisters. Consequently, Kashubian failed to survive Polonization and died out shortly after the mid-20th century. Important for Kashubian literature was Xążeczka dlo Kaszebov by Florian Ceynowa (1817–1881). Hieronim Derdowski (1852–1902 in Winona, Minnesota )

1679-495: The 15th century and include a book of spiritual psalms that were used to introduce Kashubian to the Lutheran church: Throughout the communist period in Poland (1948-1989), Kashubian greatly suffered in education and social status. Kashubian was represented as folklore and prevented from being taught in schools. Following the collapse of communism, attitudes on the status of Kashubian have been gradually changing. It has been included in

1752-445: The 2021 census, approximately 87,600 people in Poland declared that they used Kashubian at home, a decrease from over 108,000 in the 2011 census. Of these, only 1,700 reported speaking exclusively in Kashubian within their homes, down from 3,800 in 2011. However, experts caution that changes in census methodology and the socio-political climate may have influenced these results. The number of people who can speak at least some Kashubian

1825-621: The Baltic Sea North of Großmöllendorf and Henkenhagen (about 80 kilometres (50 miles) away from Rügenwaldermünde) and North of Dievenow and Swinemünde (120 to 130 kilometres (75–81 miles) away) were used. The test site was visited by high-ranking officers of the German Army, Air Force and Navy, including Admiral of the Fleet Erich Raeder and field marshals von Rundstedt , Wilhelm Keitel and Hermann Göring . During World War II ,

1898-546: The German Army Firing Test Range Rügenwalde-Bad  [ de ] , designed for testing heavy guns, including long-range railway guns such as Krupp K5 , was built between Rügenwalde's harbour Rügenwaldermünde and the village of Suckow. Some of the largest guns in military history were tested here: Schwerer Gustav and Mörser Karl . Gun barrels with a length of up to 47 metres (154 feet) were tested. For long-distance tests, target areas within

1971-612: The Germans operated a forced labour subcamp of the Stalag II-B prisoner-of-war camp for Allied POWs in the town. During World War II Rügenwalde was used to house families made homeless after the Allied bombing of Hagen and Bochum in the Ruhr district. Shortly before the end of World War II, numerous German refugees from the provinces of East Prussia and Reichsgau Danzig-West Prussia arrived in

2044-584: The Griffins were the brothers Wartislaw I and Ratibor I . Wartislaw would be the ancestor of the line of dukes that ruled the Duchy of Pomerania until 1630; Ratibor would be the ancestor of the Ratiborides branch of the Griffins, that was to rule the lands of Schlawe and Stolp until the line became extinct and the area was incorporated in the Duchy of Pomerania. The first known member of the Swantiborides branch of

2117-525: The Griffins, notable as castellans of Pomeranian cities, was Wartislaw (II) Swantiboriz. Members of the Ratiborides (Ratiboriden) branch were most probably descendants of Ratibor I , a brother of Wartislaw I . The Swantiborides (Polish: Świętoborzyce ) were related to the Griffins, but the link remains unclear. Probably they descend from Swantibor, a Pomeranian duke overthrown in a rebellion and expelled to Poland in 1105/06. This Swantibor might have been

2190-452: The action of "Hamlet". The castle of Darłowo is also associated with the figure of Eric Pomerania's granddaughter – Princess Sophia. Legend attributes to her, apparently contrary to the historical facts, cruelty, for which she lingers as the White Lady after her death, circling the castle. The character of Princess Sophia is also related to a romantic love story. The lady of the Darłowo castle

2263-572: The annexation by Brandenburg the town entered a period of economic stagnation. The harbour of Rügenwaldermünde was destroyed during the Thirty Years' War by imperial troops , and was reconstructed by order of King Frederick II of Prussia not before 1772. The first lighthouse was built around the year 1715. During the Napoleonic Wars some of Rügenwalde's inhabitants, in particular ship owners and businessmen, profited from smuggling British goods to

Darłowo - Misplaced Pages Continue

2336-501: The archives of Denmark, Sweden, Norway, Germany and the UK for several years in search of traces of Cecilia and Eric. The aim of the writer is to create a love novel of this unique pair based on historical facts. The initial appearance of a medieval fortress of Darłowo was an inspiration to build a similar but larger Kronborg Castle by King Erik in Denmark, where after years, William Shakespeare placed

2409-758: The area after the partition of Pomerania-Wolgast in 1368. This part duchy was known as Pomerania-Stolp ( Duchy of Słupsk ). Duke Bogislaw VIII , a Polish vassal, tried to direct Polish Baltic trade to the Port of Darłowo , but without success. In 1352 the construction of the castle began, and co-operation with the Hanseatic League was initiated, with the town becoming a full member of the organization in 1412. The town had its own trade fleet, larger than in other surrounding towns; it actively traded with Lübeck, while boats and ships owned by local merchants travelled as far as Normandy and Spain . In 1382 Eric of Pomerania , later

2482-479: The area occurred when Roman merchants travelled along the Amber Road in the hope of trading precious metals like bronze and silver for amber. By the 11th century the location of the later town was already becoming a significant trading point. The settlement received its town rights in 1312. Over the years Dukes of Pomerania constructed a Ducal Castle called Dirlow on a nearby island and chose it as their seat. It

2555-582: The autumn of 2010, a statue of King Eric, showing the "king of exile" has been standing in the courtyard, funded by the Baltic Cooperative Bank in Darłowo. The main landmark church of Darłowo is the Gothic Our Lady of Częstochowa Church from the 14th century, which contains rich Gothic, Renaissance and Baroque interior and furnishings. It is the burial site of Eric of Pomerania , King of Denmark, Norway and Sweden. The St. Gertrude's Church

2628-496: The castle in Darłowo have not been found yet, the results of archaeological and architectural and historical premises allow us to date back the creation of the castle to the second half of the fourteenth century. It was during the reign of the prince of the House of Griffins, Boguslaw V and Elizabeth, the daughter of King Casimir the Great. The prince purchased the island with a mill in 1352 from

2701-476: The centre of the market, burned down during the great fire in 1722. Then, the municipal government moved to "Cloth Hall" of Darłowo – completely rebuilt halls, located near St. Mary's Church, which since 1725 years has been officially the town hall venue. The interior is non-historical. It is worth to notice the Renaissance portal remaining after the previous town hall, which is located above the door. Coat of arms of

2774-442: The church was surrounded by 30 clay huts, covered with reeds, where the sick and the senility lived. Around the huts, there were small vegetable gardens. People who lived in the huts, often cleaned Darłowo market, or worked as gravediggers and pallbearer. In the late nineteenth century, red-brick hospital in neo-Gothic style was built next to the church. Today it is a residential building. The old City Hall ( Ratusz ), which stood in

2847-540: The city – a griffin with a tail of a fish – and an inscription in Latin, which in translation reads: "The city was founded in the 12th (the last two digits of the date has not been included because they were then known), the AD, was enlarged in 1312. Three times burned: 1589, 1624, 1648. as many times risen from the ashes. Kind to God and the prince, be always fortunate. Grow and flourish. May God make you happy and may Prince protect you for

2920-529: The continent. In 1871 the town, along with Prussia , became a part of the German Empire . A railway reached the town in 1878, providing connections with Danzig ( Gdańsk ) and Stettin ( Szczecin ). It simultaneously became a popular health resort, mainly due to the exceptional climate. The Royal Swedish Vice Consulate was located in the town in 1859–1901 (Vice Consul Bertold August Riensberg, b. 1823) and in 1914–1936 (Vice Consul Albert Rubensohn, b. 1879). In 1935

2993-703: The current name. The German name Rügenwalde was best known in Germany for the production of the Rügenwalder Teewurst in the town; after World War II the production was restarted in West Germany under the old name. From 1950 to 1998, it was administratively located in the Koszalin Voivodeship . Today the Polish Darłowo is a summer resort. A coast aquapark with desalinated seawater is available there,

Darłowo - Misplaced Pages Continue

3066-412: The defence system and extended the castle was Prince Eric the Pomeranian. It took place in the years 1449 to 1459, when after the loss of the throne of Scandinavia, the dethroned king returned to his legacy. An old king was accompanied by a beautiful and young servant-maid Cecilia, who was the love of his life. Historians still argue about who this mysterious woman really was. Some of them maintain that in

3139-504: The distinction contrastive. Most of this mobility is limited to morphology and stress has largely stabilized in Kashubian. Northern and central dialects show a much more limited mobility, as northern dialects show stabilization on initial stress, and central shows constant distance between the stressed syllable and the initial syllable of the word. Proclitics such as prepositions, pronouns, and grammatical particles such as nié may take initial stress. Eastern groups place accents on

3212-847: The early 20th century that there were three main Kashubian dialects. These include the Other researches would argue that each tiny region of the Kaszuby has its own dialect, as in Dialects and Slang of Poland : The phonological system of the Kashubian language is similar in many ways to those of other Slavic languages . It is famous for Kaszëbienié (Kashubization) and has a large vowel inventory, with 9 oral vowels and 2 nasal vowels. Friedrich Lorentz argued that northern dialects had contrastive vowel length, but later studies showed that any phonemic length distinctions had disappeared by 1900. Any other vowel length

3285-547: The eleventh century a fortress named Dirlow, (or Dirlovo) existed where the River Wieprza entered the Baltic. From this fortress, the district of Dirlow was administered, which belonged to the castellany of Sławno . A town was later founded in the district of Dirlow, but not at the location of the fortress itself. Following Poland's fragmentation, it was at various times part of the western and eastern duchies of Pomerania. The town

3358-560: The king of Norway , Denmark and Sweden , was born in the town. After losing his thrones, he returned to his birthplace and began to expand his duchy. After his death in 1459, he was buried in St. Mary's Church . After Eric's death, the town was ruled by Duke Eric II of Pomerania-Wolgast. Another significant ruler was Bogislaw X (1454–1523) under whose administration sea trade with the Hanseatic League and land trade with Poland grew increasing

3431-559: The last Ice-age had ended at about 8000 BC, settlers of the Stone Age first populated the region. Around 100 AD the region of the later town was inhabited by the East Germanic tribe of the Rugii . According to Ptolemy at the site of the later city was a settlement called Rugium. In the 10th century, the region became part of the emerging country of Poland under its first ruler Mieszko I . By

3504-406: The last Griffin, died in 1660. The dynasty is known by two names, Pomerania , after their primary fief, and Griffin , after their coat of arms, which had featured a griffin since the late 12th century: the first verifiable use of the griffin as the dynasty's heraldic emblem occurred in a seal of Casimir II, Duke of Pomerania , which showed the imaginary beast within a shield, and was attached to

3577-495: The last years of his life, reaching his seventies – she became his wife. One of the contemporary chronicles mention her as "the queen Cecilia". Shrouded in mystery, the history of the great love of King Eric and Cecilia became an inspiration for artists. The poem "The Return of the Prince Eric" was created by a poet and writer of Koszalin – Czeslaw Zea, and an American journalist and writer Lucie Lehmann – Barclay has been penetrating

3650-526: The most commonly translated Kashubian authors of the 20th century. A considerable body of Christian literature has been translated into Kashubian, including the New Testament , much of it by Adam Ryszard Sikora ( OFM ). Franciszek Grucza graduated from a Catholic seminary in Pelplin . He was the first priest to introduce Catholic liturgy in Kashubian. The earliest recorded artifacts of Kashubian date back to

3723-438: The mouth of Wieprza. It is known that it was only in 1885 when a small pilot ship station was built at the base of the eastern breakwater ground floor. It was a relatively tall red brick building, which adjoins a tower built in the square. At the turn of the nineteenth and twentieth century, the lighthouse underwent several upgrades. The lamp lenses were replaced and the power and colour of the light source were increased. In 1927,

SECTION 50

#1733092765562

3796-598: The noble brothers John, Peter, and Lawrence of the Swienca family , vassals of the Brandenburg margraves since 1308. The Brandenburg margraves undertook in 1308 a campaign against Gdańsk , Poland. The town passed to the Duchy of Pomerania in 1347, at that time ruled by the brothers Bogislaw V , Wartislaw V , and Barnim IV of the House of Pomerania dynasty. Bogislaw, son-in-law of king Casimir III of Poland , would become ruler of

3869-417: The only one in Poland. The entire Old Town area in Darłowo has been entirely preserved. Darłowo has maintained the unique medieval urban planning with the main square in the middle of the town. During medieval times the town was surrounded by walls and had four gates; only one gate, Brama Wysoka (High Gate), has survived in a fairly original shape. Although documents directly relating to the construction of

3942-587: The paper Zrzësz Kaszëbskô as part of the Zrzëszincë group. The group contributed significantly to the development of the Kashubian literary language. The earliest printed documents in Polish with Kashubian elements date from the end of the 16th century. The modern orthography was first proposed in 1879. Many scholars and linguists debate whether Kashubian should be recognized as a Polish dialect or separate language. In terms of historical development Lechitic West Slavic language , but in terms of modern influence Polish

4015-471: The penultimate syllable. The difference between southern and northern dialects dates as far back as the 14th—15th century and is the result of changes to the Proto-Slavic vowel length system . Kashubian has simple consonants with a secondary articulation along with complex ones with secondary articulation. Kashubian features the same system of voicing assimilation as standard Polish . German has been

4088-556: The program of school education in Kashubia although not as a language of teaching or as a required subject for every child, but as a foreign language taught 3 hours per week at parents' explicit request. Since 1991, it is estimated that there have been around 17,000 students in over 400 schools who have learned Kashubian. Kashubian has some limited usage on public radio and had on public television. Since 2005, Kashubian has enjoyed legal protection in Poland as an official regional language . It

4161-467: The prosperity of the area. The town suffered a series of natural disasters. In 1497 and 1552 the harbour of the town, known in German as Rügenwaldermünde , and parts of the town were hit by great storms. Ships which broke from their moorings were seen drifting in the vicinity of the town and of the neighbouring village of Suckow. In 1589, 1624, 1648, 1679 and 1722 fires damaged the town. From 1569 to 1622, it

4234-488: The region. In early 1945, about 5,600 people escaped by ships of Operation Hannibal before Soviet Troops reached the town on 7 March 1945. About 3,500 citizens remained in the town or returned again after failing to escape. Following the defeat of Nazi Germany, border changes promulgated at the Potsdam Conference assigned the town once again to Poland, and its German population was expelled . The first expulsion of

4307-452: The side of the Town Hall presents a knight pointing an area where the city was founded. Beside him, there is a scribe and workers digging a ditch, having to circle the fortified castle. From the north, the artist presented the longshoremen working on the loading ship. On the eastern plate, there is koga floating on the waves of the Hanseatic. On the final relief, facing the south, it is shown how

4380-436: The source for most loanwords in Kashubian, with an estimated 5% of the vocabulary, as opposed to 3% in Polish. Kashubian, like other Slavic languages, has a rich system of derivational morphology, with prefixes, suffixes, deverbals, compounds, among others. [œ], [ø] (northern dialects) The following digraphs and trigraphs are used: Article 1 of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights in Kashubian: Article 1 of

4453-421: The surviving German inhabitants took place on 17 October 1945, followed by a series of further expulsions beginning on 17 August 1946. In 1949 only about 70 Germans were left in the town. In 1946–47, the town was repopulated with Poles and Lemkos , who partly came from what had been eastern Poland but was annexed by the Soviet Union . The town was given the Polish name Dyrłów, and later Darłów, before changing to

SECTION 60

#1733092765562

4526-417: The surviving medieval churches in Darłowo is brick, plastered, one- nave church of St. George from the 15th century. This type of hospital churches were built outside the city walls because of the spread of epidemics such as smallpox and leprosy. Two hospitals belonged to this church: the Holy Spirit, where there were the poor and the sick, and the Holy Jurgen, primarily serving the lepers. In 1680 and beyond,

4599-442: The tower was raised by one floor. The building is crowned with a white steel dome, where the light source was moved. Since then, the appearance of the whole building to the present day has undergone only cosmetic changes. Today, the height of the tower is 22 metres (72 feet), and the range of light pointing the way to the port is nearly 30 kilometres (19 miles). The lighthouse is open for tourists in summer. The lighthouse of Darłowo

4672-405: The town had been destroyed by Bogislaw of Pomerania, when after Mestwin's II death in December 1294 the Duke Przemysł II (future king) of Poland acquired the town, as a consequence of Treaty of Kępno . In 1308, the town along with the coastal region of Poland was invaded and occupied by Brandenburg . The town was rebuilt and on 21 May 1312, it was granted Lübeck law under the administration of

4745-467: The western (Kashubian) part of the area. In the 19th century Florian Ceynowa became Kashubian's first known activist. He undertook tremendous efforts to awaken Kashubian self-identity through the establishment of Kashubian language, customs, and traditions. He felt strongly that Poles were born brothers and that Kashubia was a separate nation. The Young Kashubian movement followed in 1912, led by author and doctor Aleksander Majkowski , who wrote for

4818-444: Was another significant author who wrote in Kashubian, as was Aleksander Majkowski (1876–1938) from Kościerzyna , who wrote the Kashubian national epic The Life and Adventures of Remus . Jan Trepczyk was a poet who wrote in Kashubian, as was Stanisław Pestka . Kashubian literature has been translated into Czech , Polish , English , German , Belarusian , Slovene and Finnish . Aleksander Majkowski and Alojzy Nagel belong to

4891-458: Was here that the largest artillery piece in the world, Schwerer Gustav , was constructed and tested by Nazi Germany during World War II . The original medieval outline of Darłowo has been preserved to this day. The Old Town, Ducal Castle and local beaches are popular among holidaymakers. Darłowo is also an important historical centre as it is the birthplace and burial site of Eric of Pomerania , King of Denmark , Sweden and Norway . After

4964-445: Was made by the sculptor Wilhelm Groß (1883–1974) from Sławno as a monument to honour the people of the sea. The founder of the fountain was the richest Darłowo shipowner – the one from the family of Hemptenmacher, whose house is located at the intersection of ul. Powstańców Warszawskich and ul. Rynkowa. What deserves the attention are four bronze plaques depicting the scenes from the life of the former inhabitants of Darłowo. The board from

5037-408: Was probably founded in 1270 by Vitslav II of the Danish Principality of Rügen , at that time also ruler of the Lands of Sławno and Słupsk . The first mention of the town is in a document of 5 February 1271. The settlement decayed. The town was destroyed in 1283 during a conflict between Vitslav II and Mestwin II (Polish: Mszczuj or Mściwój). In a chronicle of 1652, Matthäus Merian stated that

5110-505: Was the capital of a small eponymous duchy, and afterwards it was again part of the Duchy of Pomerania . After the death of the last Pomeranian Duke Bogislaw XIV in 1637, the end of the contemporary Thirty Years' War in 1648 and the subsequent partition of the Duchy of Pomerania between the Swedish Empire and Brandenburg-Prussia in the Peace of Westphalia and the Treaty of Stettin (1653) , Brandenburg included Farther Pomerania with Rügenwalde in her Pomeranian province . Following

5183-484: Was the first historical ruler of the Duchy of Pomerania and the founder of the Griffin dynasty. The most prominent Griffin was Eric of Pomerania , who became king of the Kalmar Union in 1397, thus ruling Denmark, Sweden and Norway. The last Griffin duke of Pomerania was Bogislaw XIV , who died during the Thirty Years' War , which led to the division of Pomerania between Brandenburg-Prussia, Sweden and Poland . Duchess Anna von Croy , daughter of Duke Bogislaw XIII and

5256-426: Was to bestow John of Maszewo with great reciprocating feeling. His Gothic tenement still stands today on the corner of the streets of Powstańców Warszawskich and Morska. Supposedly, the ducal castle was connected with the house of the knight with a secret underground passage, which the knight used at night to sneak into his Lady's... The historical novel based on the life of Princess Sophia, entitled "Beautiful Princess",

5329-450: Was written by a writer Zbysław Gorecki living in Darłowo for many years. In the Prussian times, the castle served partly as a warehouse and fell into ruin. Only at the end of the 1930s, a regional museum was created there and it is operating. Its founder and first curator was Karl Rosenow. Today the castle serves as a Polish Museum. The castle is built in gothic style on a base plan resembling

#561438