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45-462: The Dapeng Bay National Scenic Area is a nationally protected area that includes the bay as well as nearby Liuqiu Island . The bay is accessible within walking distance west of Zhen'an Station of Taiwan Railways Administration . This article about a location in Taiwan is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . Liuqiu Island Liuqiu , also known by several other names ,

90-453: A Fujianese fisherman surnamed Chen , sometimes said to have arrived by accident during a storm in the same year as the massacre, or as Li Yuelao, who supposedly "discovered" and developed the island after Koxinga overthrew the Dutch in 1662. The few remaining native inhabitants were picked off by further slave raids and assaults until 1645, when a Chinese merchant who leased the island from

135-460: A sanitarium on the island. Spanish Catholicism and Japanese Shintoism and Buddhism were introduced by their respective empires but have since died out. The only public transport to Liuqiu is by ship from Donggang Harbor and Yanpu Harbor in Pingtung County on Taiwan Island. Boats arrive at Baisha Port on the north end of the island or Dafu Port on its east coast. The island

180-432: A diverse ecosystem . Chung Au Beach, a shell-sand beach , abuts waters that are home to approximately 176 species of fish and numerous coral species. It is also home to young and adult green sea turtles , with adult females coming ashore to nest during the summer months. Marine vertebrates such as sharks, flying fish , sea turtles, and cetaceans such as sperm whales may appear around the island. Overall, Liuqiu has

225-493: A dry and warm climate but is the most typhoon -prone of the Taiwanese islands. It has a tropical monsoon climate ( Am ), with warm temperatures year round with a rainy or monsoon season from April to October and a dry season with cooler temperatures from November to March. The rainiest recorded month was one June (2,657 mm or 104.6 in); the driest, one December (1.9 mm or 0.075 in). The current township chief

270-520: A former governor-general. From 1815 to 1848 the ministry was under direct authority of the Dutch monarch. In the 20th century the colony gradually developed as a state distinct from the Dutch metropole with treasury separated in 1903, public loans being contracted by the colony from 1913, and quasi-diplomatic ties were established with Arabia to manage the Haji pilgrimage from the Dutch East Indies. In 1922

315-508: A month and a half. This has become a major tourist draw, as has the still larger "Welcoming the King" festival held every three years in honour of the plague subduer deity, Lord Wu . Two other important temples are Spirit Mountain Temple ( t 靈山 寺 , s 灵山 寺 , Língshān Sì ) on a cliff beside Baisha Port , built in the early 1960s and primarily dedicated to Lord Buddha , and

360-610: A native name. That kingdom has been variously identified with states on Taiwan Island , Okinawa , and the Penghu Islands . The name Liuqiu Islet ( 嶼 , yǔ ) was first used during the Ming Dynasty . Since "Ryūkyū" is also the name of the nearby Ryukyu archipelago including Okinawa and a historical kingdom there, the island has also been nicknamed " Little Liuqiu " (小琉球, Pinyin Xiǎo Liúqiú ) as opposed to " Big Liuqiu " (大琉球) for

405-528: Is 8–9 nautical miles (15–17 km; 9.2–10.4 mi) from the Taiwan mainland, which is about a 25- to 30-minute boat ride, with the fastest boats making the trip in 15 minutes. The island has two lighthouses: one guiding ships into Baisha Port and the White Lighthouse on Mount Dongnanjian . Although Liuqiu Airport once had passenger service with direct flights between Kaohsiung international airport and

450-674: Is Chen Lung-chin ( t 陳 隆 進 , s 陈 隆 进 , Chén Lóngjìn ). Liuqiu Township consists of 8 villages, with the township seat located in Zhongfu Village. In the early modern era and under the Japanese, Liuqiu's residents were mostly occupied with fishing and small-scale agriculture. After the restoration of Chinese control in 1945, some quarries were opened to export stone and lime . As Taiwan's economy has improved, tourism has employed more and more people. Water and electricity are provided from Taiwan Island. Because of

495-530: Is a coral island in the Taiwan Strait about 13 kilometers (8 mi) southwest of the main island of Taiwan . It has an area of 6.8 km (2.6 sq mi) and approximately 12,200 residents, the vast majority of whom share only 10 surnames . It is administered as a township of Pingtung County in Taiwan Province , Republic of China . As of 2019 the township's chief is Chen Lung-chin. Liúqiú

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540-403: Is a foot - or boot -shaped coral island covering 6.8 square kilometers (2.6 sq mi) at high tide and about 7.4 km (2.9 sq mi) at low tide , running about 4 kilometers (2.5 mi) north to south and 2 kilometers (1.2 mi) east to west. It lies in the southeast corner of the Taiwan Strait , about 8 nautical miles (15 km; 9 mi) SSW of Donggang at

585-541: Is above 25 °C (77 °F) year round, allowing many species of coral reefs to inhabit the area and making it one of the best locations for winter swimming activities in Taiwan. Tourism became a mainstay of Liuqiu's economy in the 21st century. After it was included in the Dapeng Bay National Scenic Area in 2004, it gained media exposure and advertised until it was one of Pingtung County's main sightseeing locations. Home to less than 15,000 residents,

630-483: Is famed for its many temples : at least 38 main ones and as many as 70 in total. The people are quite religious and it is common to pray and give offerings for recovery from illness; for blessings for new ships, houses, and marriages; for protection while fishing; and for appropriate times for funerals. The deities worshipped on the island are mostly those of the local faiths of Quanzhou and Zhangzhou in Fujian , whence

675-419: Is one of Taiwan's largest coral islands, and the only one with significant population and human activities. It is also covered with limestone and land coloured red by weathered iron oxide and silicon oxide . Its beaches , reefs, caves and eroded rock formations have become tourist attractions. Its principal beaches are Chungau Beach ( t 中 澳 沙灘 , s 中 澳 沙滩 , Zhōng'ào Shātān ) on

720-404: Is only suitable for dryness-tolerant crops, but the island's exposure to the monsoon and typhoons make even those high-risk. As such, cultivated land has been decreasing since at least 1980 and old fields have been given up to scrubland and forest. The island's agricultural association has focused on high-margin, fast-turnover fruit instead, particularly mangos. The sea temperature of the island

765-754: Is the pinyin romanisation of the Mandarin pronunciation of the Chinese name 琉球 . Other romanisations include Liuchiu , Liu-chiu, and Liu-ch'iu based on the Wade-Giles system for Mandarin and Ryūkyū from its Japanese pronunciation. The original Liuqiu appears in the Book of Sui and other medieval Chinese records as an island kingdom somewhere in the East China Sea . It was written by different authors with different homophonous characters and appears to have transcribed

810-627: The Palace of the Three Prosperous Ones ( t 三 隆 宮 , s 三 隆 宫 , Sānlóng Gōng ) south of Benfu Village and dedicated to Lord Zhu, Lord Chi and Lord Wu . Erlong Temple in Haizikou is also a common waypoint used by tourists following the ring road along the island's coast. Christianity was introduced by the Dutch . There is still a Presbyterian church on the island, begun by English missionaries who also once operated

855-588: The governor-general of the Dutch East Indies , personally ordered his lieutenant on Taiwan Hans Putmans to "punish and exterminate the people of... the Golden Lion Island as an example for their murderous actions committed against our people." A 1633 expedition under Claes Bruijn discovered it was undermanned for the task and accomplished little, aside from finding the large cave on the island used by its natives as shelter in times of trouble. A larger expedition under Jan Jurriansz van Lingga in 1636 corralled

900-579: The independence of Indonesia in 1949. The first governors-general were appointed by the Dutch East India Company (VOC). After the VOC was formally dissolved in 1800, the territorial possessions of the VOC were nationalised under the Dutch government as the Dutch East Indies, a colony of the Netherlands . Governors-general were now appointed by either the Dutch monarch or the Dutch government. During

945-460: The Dutch East Indies era most governors-general were expatriate Dutchmen, while during the earlier VOC era most governors-general became settlers who stayed and died in the East Indies. Under the period of British control (1811–1816) , the equivalent position was the lieutenant-governor , of whom the most notable is Thomas Stamford Raffles . Between 1942 and 1945, while Hubertus Johannes van Mook

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990-460: The Dutch Empire and monarch and was the most influential party in the colony. Until 1815 the governor-general had the absolute right to ban, censor or restrict any publication in the colony. The so-called exorbitant powers of the governor-general allowed him to exile anyone regarded as subversive and dangerous to peace and order, without involving any court of law. Until 1848 the governor-general

1035-708: The Dutch removed the last 13 indigenous inhabitants. It was resettled by the Chinese, who erected a prosperous fishing village, but only had about 200 inhabitants at the end of Qing control in 1895. During the Japanese occupation of Taiwan following the First Sino-Japanese War , the island was administered as a village of the Tōkō District of Takao Prefecture . After the Republic of China resumed control in 1945,

1080-580: The Ryukyu Islands or Taiwan - since the early 20th century. Transcriptions of the nickname include Xiao Liuqiu , Siaoliouciou , and Sio Liu-khiu. The island was previously known in English and other European languages as Lambay , Lamay, or Lamey Island. It is thought to be a transcription of a name from one of the Taiwanese aboriginal languages . Other indigenous names were Samaji and Tugin . It

1125-626: The center of the island; the architecture and shops along Sanmin Road 三民 老街 , Sānmín Lǎojiē ); the Sanfu Fishing Port ( t 杉 福 漁港 , s 杉 福 渔港 , Shānfú Yúgǎng ); the Sea View Pavilion ( 望 海 亭 , Wànghǎi Tíng ) beside Beauty Cave, Restoration Pavilion ( t 復育 涼亭 , s 复育 凉亭 , Fùyù Liángtíng ) on a reclaimed landfill on the east coast, and Sunset Pavilion ( 落日 亭 , Luòrì Tíng ) on

1170-556: The colony came on equal footing with the Netherlands in the Dutch constitution, while remaining under the Ministry of Colonies. During the tenure of governors-general who were proponents of the ethical policy a people's council called the Volksraad for the Dutch East Indies was installed in 1918. The Volksraad , an infant form of democratic council, was limited to an advisory role and only

1215-564: The constant threat of summer typhoons, construction on the island is now specially designed to accommodate strong winds and waves. The traditional mainstay of the local economy has been fishing in the rich waters of the nearby Kuroshio Current . Most residents still make their living by fishing, but the better pay catering to tourists has caused it to run short of manpower. The trade is increasingly reliant on foreign sailors brought in to crew local boats and on cage aquaculture ( t 箱 網 養殖 , s 箱 网 养殖 , xiāngwǎng yǎngzhí ),

1260-593: The east coast, and the Houshi Fringing Reef ( 厚 石 裙礁 , Hòushí Qúnjiāo ) in the southeast, which includes Mouse Rock ( 老鼠 石 , Lǎoshǔ Shí ), Guanyin Rock ( t 觀音 石 , s 观音 石 , Guānyīn Shí ), Indian Rock ( t 紅 蕃 石 , s 红 蕃 石 , Hóngfān Shí ), and Climbing Tiger Rock ( 爬山 虎 , Páshānhǔ ) in the southeast. Its forests include white popinac , acacia , wild pineapple ( lintou ), and bamboo . Liuqiu has

1305-456: The governor-general . During the Dutch East Indies era the governor-general functioned as colonial chief executive, president of colonial government, as well as commander-in-chief of the colonial ( KNIL ) army. Until 1903 all government officials and organisations were formal agents of the governor-general and entirely dependent on the central administration of the office of the governor-general for their budgets. A governor-general represented

1350-468: The island became a township of Pingtung County within Taiwan Province , which became streamlined in 1998. Liuqiu transitioned to a tourism-based economy in the early 21st century, particularly following its inclusion in the Dapeng Bay National Scenic Area in 2004. It now receives hundreds of thousands of tourists a year, although this brings new challenges. In early 2015, more than 850 metric tons (840 long tons; 940 short tons) of garbage piled up on

1395-473: The island saw over 500,000 tourists in 2012 and over 400,000 in 2014. B&Bs and hotels now cover the island, while others rent bicycles and motorcycles or facilitate scuba certification and diving . The island's main sights are its temples ; its beaches, reefs, caves, and rock formations ; its net cages for fishing; the bamboo forest and wetland park ( t 竹林 生態 濕地 公園 , s 竹林 生态 湿地 公园 , Zhúlín Shēngtài Shīdì Gōngyuán ) in

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1440-420: The island when the county government forgot to budget funds to transport it to Taiwan Island for incineration . The island was left without disposal services from January to May, when it was finally able to draw on a national subsidy to correct the problem. Similarly, refuse from tourists and fishermen killed over 90% of the island's coral before conservation efforts began to reverse the trend. Liuqiu Island

1485-448: The island's original inhabitants. In 1622, the Dutch ship Goude Leeuws or Gouden Leeuw ( Dutch for "Golden Lion") hit the island's coral reefs. Its entire crew was massacred by the island's natives. In 1631, the Dutch yacht Beverwijck wrecked on the same reefs and its fifty-odd survivors battled for two days before also being slaughtered to a man. Hendrik Brouwer ,

1530-407: The island's southwest corner; and Sanzu or Wild Boar Ditch ( t 山豬 溝 , s 山猪 沟 , Shānzhū Gōu ), a steep gully northwest of Sanban'ao near Black Dwarf Cave . The Taiwanese government has restricted access and set daily limits for visitors at the islands' intertidal zones since 2012. The increased control has helped restore the areas' ecosystems and biological diversity in

1575-434: The island, it is now only used for helicopters. The island provides primary and junior high education . Its five schools are Liuqiu , Baisha , Quande , and Tiannan Primary Schools and Liuqiu Junior High School . High school and university students attend schools on Taiwan Island. A 2004 report on the island described its brain drain before the growth of the tourism industry: "'Liuchiu has two problems... All

1620-471: The latter of which is also used as a tourist attraction. The lack of rivers on the island and infertile ground makes farming difficult. Early on, the main products came from local coconut palms . After 1945, the islands' farmers focused on sweet potatoes and peanuts . Presently, production on the island's 140 hectares (350 acres) of farmland has shifted to mangos and other fruits, including papayas , guavas , and rose apples . The overall climate

1665-400: The locals into it, sealed its entrances, and filled its air with burning pitch and sulphur for eight days. By the end of the "Lamey" or Liuqiu Island Massacre , about 300 were killed and 323 were enslaved , the men being sold to plantations on Taiwan and Indonesia and the women and children being used as wives or domestics on Taiwan. The first Han inhabitant is variously described as

1710-538: The mouth of the Gaoping River on the southwestern shore of Taiwan Island . Overall, the island inclines gently from the southwest to the northeast, but consists of two grabens —one NE to SW, the other NW to SE—that meet in the middle, dividing the island into four terraces. Its highest point is Belly Hill, about 80 meters (260 ft) above sea level . Liuqiu is the only island township in Pingtung County. It

1755-512: The north shore and Duozaiping ( t 肚 仔 坪 潮間帶 , s 肚 仔 坪 潮间带 , Dǔzǎipíng Cháojiāndài ) and Geban Bay on the west shore. The most important of the island's caves are Black Dwarf Cave , Beauty Cave , and Lobster Cave . The most famous rocks are Vase Rock at the north end of the island, the Sanfu Ecological Corridor ( t 杉 褔 生態 廊道 , s 杉 褔 生态 廊道 , Shānfù Shēngtài Lángdào ) on

1800-547: The original Han settlers originated. The most important and popular is Guanyin , the Buddhist Bodhisattva of Compassion . Her Jade Cloud Temple ( t 碧 雲 寺 , s 碧 云 寺 , Bìyún Sì ) and her annual birthday festival on the 19th day of the 2nd lunar month are likewise the main ones on the island. The birthday festivities are celebrated at temples in every village, with ceremonies and Taiwanese opera performances in her honour performed for about

1845-473: The years since. Chinese ancestral veneration is abundantly demonstrated, with most plots of undeveloped land on the southern half of the island outside the tourist areas covered with graves . Regulations established by Taiwan's Ministry of the Interior usually prohibit burials within 500 meters (1,600 ft) of a residence, but complying to this particular law on Liuqiu Island would be impossible. Liuqiu

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1890-552: The young people go over there,' he [said] pointing to Kaohsiung on the horizon, 'and all the old people go over there,'... pointing to the south of the island" and its graves. Governor-General of the Dutch East Indies The governor-general of the Dutch East Indies ( Dutch : Gouverneur-generaal van Nederlands Indië ) represented Dutch rule in the Dutch East Indies between 1610 and Dutch recognition of

1935-606: Was directly appointed by the Dutch monarch, and in later years via the crown on advice of the Dutch metropolitan cabinet. During two periods (1815–1835 and 1854–1925) the governor-general ruled jointly with an advisory board called the Raad van Indie (Indies Council), which were jointly referred to as the high government . Overall colonial policy and strategy were the responsibility of the Ministry of Colonies based in The Hague , often headed by

1980-479: Was occasionally also known as Golden Lion Island , a calque of its old Dutch name Gouden Leeuwseylant . The city's tourism department ascribes the name to Vase Rock 's supposed resemblance to a lion, but it actually honours the slaughtered crew of the Gouden Leeuw . The Siraya , the Taiwanese indigenous peoples who also lived in nearby Pingtung County on Taiwan Island, are thought to have been

2025-449: Was the nominal governor-general, the area was under Japanese control, and was governed by a two sequence of governors, in Java and Sumatra. After 1948 in negotiations for independence, the equivalent position was named high commissioner of the crown in the Dutch East Indies . Since the VOC era, the highest Dutch authority in the colonial possessions of the East Indies resided with the office of

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