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65-672: The town of Danilovgrad is located in the Bjelopavlići plain, a fertile valley of the Zeta River . It is the centre of the Danilovgrad municipality , which has a population of 18,472. In the surroundings of Danilovgrad, there are remains of Gradina (Martinići), dating back to the time of the Serbian ruler Petar Gojniković , from the Vlastimirović dynasty. The court was built by another member of

130-514: A Serb origin, corresponding either to the 9th-century Beli Pavlimir mentioned in the Chronicle of the Priest of Duklja , or to a later person from the 13th century, related to the house of Nemanjić , while others linked him to an Albanian origin. Among Albanians from Metohija , it is believed his real name was Pal Bardhi and that he was the son of Lekë Dukagjini. Originally an Albanian tribe ,

195-458: A corridor for road and rail connection between the two biggest Montenegrin cities, Podgorica and Nikšić . The largest settlement in the plain is the town of Danilovgrad which got name by Prince (Knjaz) Danilo Petrović . Confusingly, the other significant plain in Montenegro, Zeta plain has been named after Zeta river, although Zeta river itself does not flow through it. The name derives from

260-694: A letter to the kings of Spain and France claiming they were independent from Ottoman rule and did not pay tribute to the empire. When the Pasha of Herzegovina attack city of Kotor 1657, the tribes of the Kelmendi and Bjelopavlići also participated in this battle on the side of the Venetians. Kotor repulsed the siege, but their rebellion against the Ottomans was suppressed shortly afterwards. The Bjelopavlići are recorded in an Ottoman historical report of Mustafa Naima as among

325-576: A liberating character. They reached an agreement with the rebels for 1,000 ducats and 12 slaves. Venetian Mariano Bolizza ( fl. May 1614) recorded that the region was under the command of the Ottoman army in Podgorica. There was 800 armed men of Bjelopavlići ( Italian : Biellopaulichi ), commanded by Neneca Latinović and Bratič Tomašević. Later that year, the Bjelopavlići, Kuči, Piperi, and Kelmendi sent

390-415: A personal feud between the two, the fact that Danilo had an affair with Todor's wife and the ongoing mistreatment of the Bjelopavlići tribe by Danilo's guards and his forces. During the rule of Nikola I Petrović-Njegoš , the Bjelopavlići had bad relations with the prince, which deteriorated further after 1908 when a prominent member of the tribe, Andrija Radović , was sentenced to 15 years in prison during

455-597: A political and military union known as or “The Union of the Mountains” or “The Albanian Mountains”. In their shared assemblies, such as the Convention of Kuçi , the leaders swore an oath of besa to resist with all their might any upcoming Ottoman expeditions, thereby protecting their self-government and disallowing the establishment of the authority of the Ottoman Spahis in the northern highlands ever again. Their uprising had

520-586: Is a writing system used for various languages across Eurasia . It is the designated national script in various Slavic , Turkic , Mongolic , Uralic , Caucasian and Iranic -speaking countries in Southeastern Europe , Eastern Europe , the Caucasus , Central Asia , North Asia , and East Asia , and used by many other minority languages. As of 2019 , around 250 million people in Eurasia use Cyrillic as

585-688: Is a historical tribe (pleme) of Albanian origin and a valley in the region of the Brda , in Montenegro , around the city of Danilovgrad . The Bjelopavlići valley (also known as the Zeta river valley) is a strip of fertile lowland stretching along the Zeta river, being wider in the river's lower end, down to the confluence with Morača river near Podgorica . The valley has historically been densely populated, as fertile lowlands are rare in mountainous Montenegro, and it provided

650-514: Is the standard script for writing the following languages: Slavic languages : Non-Slavic languages of Russia : Non-Slavic languages in other countries : The Cyrillic script has also been used for languages of Alaska, Slavic Europe (except for Western Slavic and some Southern Slavic ), the Caucasus , the languages of Idel-Ural , Siberia , and the Russian Far East . The first alphabet derived from Cyrillic

715-522: Is typically based on ⟨p⟩ from Latin typefaces, lowercase ⟨б⟩ , ⟨ђ⟩ and ⟨ћ⟩ are traditional handwritten forms), although a good-quality Cyrillic typeface will still include separate small-caps glyphs. Cyrillic typefaces, as well as Latin ones, have roman and italic forms (practically all popular modern computer fonts include parallel sets of Latin and Cyrillic letters, where many glyphs, uppercase as well as lowercase, are shared by both). However,

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780-581: The faux row to ensure it can be rendered properly across all systems; in some cases, such as ж with k -like ascender, no such approximation exists. Computer fonts typically default to the Central/Eastern, Russian letterforms, and require the use of OpenType Layout (OTL) features to display the Western, Bulgarian or Southern, Serbian/Macedonian forms. Depending on the choices made by the (computer) font designer, they may either be automatically activated by

845-811: The Cetinje bombing trial. Although a tribe of the Brda, the Bjelopavlići were among the first in the area to become subjects of the Prince-Bishop of Montenegro at the end of the 18th century, hence their strong support for the independence of the country in 2006. All families have the slava of Parascheva of the Balkans ( sv. Petka ). Notable people born or with descent from Bjelopavlići include: Cyrillic script Co-official script in: The Cyrillic script ( / s ɪ ˈ r ɪ l ɪ k / sih- RIL -ik ), Slavonic script or simply Slavic script

910-629: The Crimean War , there was a political problem in Montenegro; Danilo I 's uncle, George , urged for yet another war against the Ottomans, but the Austrians advised Danilo not to take arms. A conspiracy was formed against Danilo, led by his uncles George and Pero , the situation came to its height when the Ottomans stationed troops along the Herzegovinian frontier, provoking the mountaineers. Some urged an attack on Bar , others raided into Herzegovina, and

975-561: The Humac tablet to be the first such document using this type of script and is believed to date from this period. Was weak used continuously until the 18th century, with sporadic usage even taking place in the 20th century. With the orthographic reform of Saint Evtimiy of Tarnovo and other prominent representatives of the Tarnovo Literary School of the 14th and 15th centuries, such as Gregory Tsamblak and Constantine of Kostenets ,

1040-553: The League of Communist Youth of Yugoslavia were killed in a mass execution by Chetniks in the village of Lazine. From 14 to 15 April 1995, a pogrom drove out the Romani population in one of Danilovgrad's neighborhoods, Božova Glavica. On 24 March 1999, the Milovan Šaranović barracks in Danilovgrad were bombed by NATO aircraft , killing a soldier named Saša Stojić. He was the first victim of

1105-489: The Ottoman conquest of Upper Zeta in 1474 and the subsequent fall of Scutari in 1479, the Bjelopavlići are mentioned as a distinct nahiyah in the 1485 defter of the newly created Sanjak of Scutari . Their area then consisted of 3 settlements numbering a total of 159 households: Martinići (35 households), Dimitrovići (95) and Vražnegrnci (29). The anthroponymy recorded in the nahiyah of Bjelopavlići predominantly belonged to

1170-745: The Serbian rite and the Illyrian (South Slavic) language, soon they should be called Slavs , rather than Albanians. The first reference to the Bjelopavlići comes from a letter issued by the Serbian Chancellery in Dubrovnik in 1411. The document, a complaint from Ragusan people addressed to Jelena Balšić , is about the looting committed by the Bjelopavlići, together with the Ozrinići , Maznice and Malonšići , on Ragusan merchants on their way through Zeta while they were returning from Serbia . Following

1235-408: The local variant locl feature for text tagged with an appropriate language code , or the author needs to opt-in by activating a stylistic set ss## or character variant cv## feature. These solutions only enjoy partial support and may render with default glyphs in certain software configurations, and the reader may not see the same result as the author intended. Among others, Cyrillic

1300-504: The medieval stage to the late Baroque , without a Renaissance phase as in Western Europe . Late Medieval Cyrillic letters (categorized as vyaz' and still found on many icon inscriptions today) show a marked tendency to be very tall and narrow, with strokes often shared between adjacent letters. Peter the Great , Tsar of Russia, mandated the use of westernized letter forms ( ru ) in

1365-537: The 12th century. The literature produced in Old Church Slavonic soon spread north from Bulgaria and became the lingua franca of the Balkans and Eastern Europe. Cyrillic in modern-day Bosnia, is an extinct and disputed variant of the Cyrillic alphabet that originated in medieval period . Paleographers consider the earliest features of script had likely begun to appear between the 10th or 11th century, with

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1430-677: The 19th century). After the disintegration of the Soviet Union in 1991, some of the former republics officially shifted from Cyrillic to Latin. The transition is complete in most of Moldova (except the breakaway region of Transnistria , where Moldovan Cyrillic is official), Turkmenistan , and Azerbaijan . Uzbekistan still uses both systems, and Kazakhstan has officially begun a transition from Cyrillic to Latin (scheduled to be complete by 2025). The Russian government has mandated that Cyrillic must be used for all public communications in all federal subjects of Russia , to promote closer ties across

1495-531: The Albanian communities which rose in rebellion against the Ottoman authorities between 1637-8. According to the report, the Bjelopavlići and Piperi had first submitted and provided sustenance to the Ottoman forces under Vučo Mehmed Pasha on his campaign against the Kelmendi, although the latter later rose again in rebellion. The population of the nahiyah of Bjelopavlići is described in the report as Albanian. In 1774, in

1560-414: The Bjelopavlići and Gashi stem. Another similar folk tradition considers their progenitor to be a Bijeli Pavle who was the son of a Kapetan Leka who moved to Montenegro from Dukagjini (western Kosovo ) in the 15th century after the Ottoman conquest. There is no record in oral traditions about his ethnic origins (Serb or Albanian). Further hypothetical constructions in the 19th century linked him to

1625-513: The Bjelopavlići claim to descend from a son of the medieval Albanian noble Lekë Dukagjini named Pal Bardhi ( Bjelo Pavle ). The tradition further claims kinship with the Gashi who are depicted as the descendants of Pal's brother, Gash or Gavrilo . However, according to an alternate tradition, Lekë Dukagjini fathered two sons: Nikolla from whom the Mirdita and Shala descend, and Pal Bardhi from whom

1690-456: The Bjelopavlići plain, then spread to Drobnjaci, Nikšić , Piva and Gacko (see Serb Uprising of 1596–97 ). It was suppressed due to lack of foreign support. In 1612 the Sultan sent the son of Mehmet Pasha to Podgorica to tackle the uprisings by the people. The Pasha remained in Podgorica for three months and then decided to ravage the Bjelopavlići, taking 80 women and children as slaves, setting

1755-498: The Bjelopavlići underwent a process of gradual cultural integration into the neighbouring Slavic population. A Franciscan report of the 17th century illustrates the final stages of their acculturation. Its author writes that the Bratonožići , Piperi , Bjelopavlići and Kuči : nulla di meno essegno quasi tutti del rito serviano, e di lingua Illrica ponno piu presto dirsi Schiavoni, ch' Albanesi Since almost all of them use

1820-728: The Exarch); and Chernorizets Hrabar , among others. The school was also a center of translation, mostly of Byzantine authors. The Cyrillic script is derived from the Greek uncial script letters, augmented by ligatures and consonants from the older Glagolitic alphabet for sounds not found in Greek. Glagolitic and Cyrillic were formalized by the Byzantine Saints Cyril and Methodius and their Bulgarian disciples, such as Saints Naum , Clement , Angelar , and Sava . They spread and taught Christianity in

1885-745: The First Bulgarian Empire and of all Slavs : Unlike the Churchmen in Ohrid, Preslav scholars were much more dependent upon Greek models and quickly abandoned the Glagolitic scripts in favor of an adaptation of the Greek uncial to the needs of Slavic, which is now known as the Cyrillic alphabet. A number of prominent Bulgarian writers and scholars worked at the school, including Naum of Preslav until 893; Constantine of Preslav ; Joan Ekzarh (also transcr. John

1950-497: The NATO bombing of Yugoslavia. Like many parts of Montenegro, Danilovgrad has a humid subtropical climate ( Cfa according to the Köppen climate classification ) with cool winters and hot, drier summers. On 8 August 2012, Danilovgrad recorded a temperature of 44.8 °C (112.6 °F), which is the highest temperature to have ever been recorded in Montenegro. According to the 2011 census,

2015-537: The Piperi and Bjelopavlići with Montenegro, and when Bjelopavlići and the rest of the Hills (Seven hills) were joined into Peter's state, a polity officially called "Black Mountain (Montenegro) and the Hills". A civil war broke out in 1847, in which the Piperi, Kuči, Bjelopavlići and Crmnica sought to confront the growing centralized power of new prince of Montenegro; the secessionists were subdued and their ringleaders shot. Amid

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2080-568: The Serbian constitution; however, the law does not regulate scripts in standard language, or standard language itself by any means. In practice the scripts are equal, with Latin being used more often in a less official capacity. The Zhuang alphabet , used between the 1950s and 1980s in portions of the People's Republic of China, used a mixture of Latin, phonetic, numeral-based, and Cyrillic letters. The non-Latin letters, including Cyrillic, were removed from

2145-509: The Slavic onomastic sphere, although a minority of household heads bore Albanian or mixed Albanian-Slavic personal names. Unlike in many of the other northernmost nahiyahs of the Sanjak of Scutari in Montenegro where Slavic anthroponymy predominated, a minority of the households heads from the nahiyah of Bjelopavlići still bore Albanian anthroponyms in the subsequent registers of the 16th century. Based on

2210-625: The Unicode definition of a character: this aspect is the responsibility of the typeface designer. The Unicode 5.1 standard, released on 4 April 2008, greatly improved computer support for the early Cyrillic and the modern Church Slavonic language. In Microsoft Windows, the Segoe UI user interface font is notable for having complete support for the archaic Cyrillic letters since Windows 8. Some currency signs have derived from Cyrillic letters: The development of Cyrillic letter forms passed directly from

2275-536: The archival material, Selami Pulaha considered regions such as Bjelopavlići to be zones of ethno-linguistic contact between Albanian and Slavic-speaking groups during the medieval period. In 1496, the Ottomans definitely incorporated Zeta into their Empire. The burning of Saint Sava 's remains after the Banat Uprising provoked the Serbs in other regions to revolt against the Ottomans. In 1596, an uprising broke out in

2340-582: The area of Preslav , in the medieval city itself and at nearby Patleina Monastery , both in present-day Shumen Province , as well as in the Ravna Monastery and in the Varna Monastery . The new script became the basis of alphabets used in various languages in Orthodox Church -dominated Eastern Europe, both Slavic and non-Slavic languages (such as Romanian , until the 1860s). For centuries, Cyrillic

2405-474: The cities of Nikšić and Podgorica were liberated from Ottoman hands, during the Congress of Berlin , its significance diminished. It was named after Nicholas' predecessor, Prince Danilo . On May 31, 1944, a USAF Consolidated B-24 Liberator crashed in Danilovgrad. Although its entire crew of 10 ejected and survived, they were later caught and became prisoners of war . On July 23, 1944, at least 48 members of

2470-772: The correspondence between uppercase and lowercase glyphs does not coincide in Latin and Cyrillic types: for example, italic Cyrillic ⟨ т ⟩ is the lowercase counterpart of ⟨ Т ⟩ not of ⟨ М ⟩ . Note: in some typefaces or styles, ⟨ д ⟩ , i.e. the lowercase italic Cyrillic ⟨д⟩ , may look like Latin ⟨ g ⟩ , and ⟨ т ⟩ , i.e. lowercase italic Cyrillic ⟨т⟩ , may look like small-capital italic ⟨T⟩ . In Standard Serbian, as well as in Macedonian, some italic and cursive letters are allowed to be different, to more closely resemble

2535-523: The discontent of Danilo's subjects grew so much that the Piperi, Kuči and Bjelopavlići, the recent and still unamalgamated acquisitions, proclaimed themselves an independent state in July, 1854. In Danilo I 's Code, dated to 1855, he explicitly states that he is the "knjaz (duke, prince) and gospodar (lord) of the Free Black Mountain (Montenegro) and the Hills". Danilo was forced to take measurement against

2600-538: The dynasty, prince Mutimir , who was also once buried in there. Gradina is also a prominent seat from the Nemanjić period, believed to be the birthplace of Rastko Nemanjić , also known as Saint Sava, the founder of the Serbian Orthodox Church . Danilovgrad was founded with the purpose of being the capital of Montenegro. Foundations for this planned city were first laid by King Nikola I in 1870. However, after

2665-418: The early 18th century. Over time, these were largely adopted in the other languages that use the script. Thus, unlike the majority of modern Greek typefaces that retained their own set of design principles for lower-case letters (such as the placement of serifs , the shapes of stroke ends, and stroke-thickness rules, although Greek capital letters do use Latin design principles), modern Cyrillic types are much

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2730-547: The features of national languages, and was subjected to academic reform and political decrees. A notable example of such linguistic reform can be attributed to Vuk Stefanović Karadžić , who updated the Serbian Cyrillic alphabet by removing certain graphemes no longer represented in the vernacular and introducing graphemes specific to Serbian (i.e. Љ Њ Ђ Ћ Џ Ј), distancing it from the Church Slavonic alphabet in use prior to

2795-428: The federation. This act was controversial for speakers of many Slavic languages; for others, such as Chechen and Ingush speakers, the law had political ramifications. For example, the separatist Chechen government mandated a Latin script which is still used by many Chechens. Standard Serbian uses both the Cyrillic and Latin scripts . Cyrillic is nominally the official script of Serbia's administration according to

2860-516: The handwritten letters. The regular (upright) shapes are generally standardized in small caps form. Notes: Depending on fonts available, the Serbian row may appear identical to the Russian row. Unicode approximations are used in the faux row to ensure it can be rendered properly across all systems. In the Bulgarian alphabet , many lowercase letterforms may more closely resemble the cursive forms on

2925-408: The letters' Greek ancestors . Computer fonts for early Cyrillic alphabets are not routinely provided. Many of the letterforms differ from those of modern Cyrillic, varied a great deal between manuscripts , and changed over time. In accordance with Unicode policy, the standard does not include letterform variations or ligatures found in manuscript sources unless they can be shown to conform to

2990-409: The local Slavic-speakers of the Danilovgrad plain before the settlements of the Bjelopavlići in the region. There are several versions of similar oral traditions and folk stories which recorded since the late 19th century about the Bjelopavlići and their common progenitor. There is no actual recorded historical information about any such figure. According to an oral tradition recorded by Špiro Kulišić,

3055-634: The main road that connects these two. It is also served by the Nikšić–Podgorica railway . Podgorica Airport is 30 km (19 mi) away, and has regular flights to Belgrade , Budapest , Bari , Zagreb , Skopje , Zürich , Frankfurt , Ljubljana , Paris , Rome and Vienna . Danilovgrad is twinned with: Bjelopavli%C4%87i 42°39′N 19°01′E  /  42.650°N 19.017°E  / 42.650; 19.017 Bjelopavlići ( Cyrillic : Бјелопавлићи , Albanian : Palabardhi ; pronounced [bjɛlɔ̌paːv̞lit͡ɕi] )

3120-473: The native typeface terminology in most Slavic languages (for example, in Russian) does not use the words "roman" and "italic" in this sense. Instead, the nomenclature follows German naming patterns: Similarly to Latin typefaces, italic and cursive forms of many Cyrillic letters (typically lowercase; uppercase only for handwritten or stylish types) are very different from their upright roman types. In certain cases,

3185-719: The official script for their national languages, with Russia accounting for about half of them. With the accession of Bulgaria to the European Union on 1 January 2007, Cyrillic became the third official script of the European Union , following the Latin and Greek alphabets. The Early Cyrillic alphabet was developed during the 9th century AD at the Preslav Literary School in the First Bulgarian Empire during

3250-454: The one hand and Latin glyphs on the other hand, e.g. by having an ascender or descender or by using rounded arcs instead of sharp corners. Sometimes, uppercase letters may have a different shape as well, e.g. more triangular, Д and Л, like Greek delta Δ and lambda Λ. Notes: Depending on fonts available, the Bulgarian row may appear identical to the Russian row. Unicode approximations are used in

3315-532: The population of the town was 5,156. Source: Statistical Office of Montenegro - MONSTAT, Census 2011 The local football team is FK Iskra , who have been playing in the country's top tier since 2015. They host their games at the Braća Velašević Stadium . The town's basketball team is KK Danilovgrad and RK Danilovgrad is the handball club. Danilovgrad is situated approximately halfway between two largest Montenegrin cities, Podgorica and Nikšić, on

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3380-401: The rebels in Brda , some rebels crossed into Ottoman territory and some submitted and were to pay for the civil war they had caused. Knjaz Danilo was assassinated in August, 1860 as he was boarding a ship at the port of Kotor . The assassin, Chief Todor Kadić of the Bjelopavlići, was said to be assisted by Austrian authorities in carrying out the assassination. Some speculate that there was

3445-466: The reform. Today, many languages in the Balkans , Eastern Europe, and northern Eurasia are written in Cyrillic alphabets. Cyrillic script spread throughout the East Slavic and some South Slavic territories, being adopted for writing local languages, such as Old East Slavic . Its adaptation to local languages produced a number of Cyrillic alphabets, discussed below. Capital and lowercase letters were not distinguished in old manuscripts. Yeri ( Ы )

3510-401: The reign of Tsar Simeon I the Great , probably by the disciples of the two Byzantine brothers Cyril and Methodius , who had previously created the Glagolitic script . Among them were Clement of Ohrid , Naum of Preslav , Constantine of Preslav , Joan Ekzarh , Chernorizets Hrabar , Angelar , Sava and other scholars. The script is named in honor of Saint Cyril . Since the script

3575-576: The same as modern Latin types of the same typeface family. The development of some Cyrillic computer fonts from Latin ones has also contributed to a visual Latinization of Cyrillic type. Cyrillic uppercase and lowercase letter forms are not as differentiated as in Latin typography. Upright Cyrillic lowercase letters are essentially small capitals (with exceptions: Cyrillic ⟨а⟩ , ⟨е⟩ , ⟨і⟩ , ⟨ј⟩ , ⟨р⟩ , and ⟨у⟩ adopted Latin lowercase shapes, lowercase ⟨ф⟩

3640-448: The same month of the death of Šćepan Mali , Mehmed Pasha Bushati attacked the Kuči and Bjelopavlići, but was decisively defeated and returned to Scutari. Prince-Bishop Petar I (r. 1782-1830) waged a successful campaign against the bey of Bosnia in 1819; the repulse of an Ottoman invasion from Albania during the Russo-Turkish War (1828–29) led to the recognition of Montenegrin sovereignty over Piperi. Petar I had managed to unite

3705-602: The school influenced Russian, Serbian, Wallachian and Moldavian medieval culture. This is known in Russia as the second South-Slavic influence. In 1708–10, the Cyrillic script used in Russia was heavily reformed by Peter the Great , who had recently returned from his Grand Embassy in Western Europe . The new letterforms, called the Civil script , became closer to those of the Latin alphabet; several archaic letters were abolished and several new letters were introduced designed by Peter himself. Letters became distinguished between upper and lower case. West European typography culture

3770-410: The semi-mythical progenitor of the tribe known as Bijeli Pavle ( lit.   ' White Paul ' ) in Slavic. The name corresponds to Palabardhi (i.e. Pal Bardhi) with the exact same meaning in Albanian, which is attested in a 17th-century Venetian document, where the Bjelopavlići are recorded as Palabardi . The Bjelopavlići are known as Dukađinci ( from Dukagjin ) among the Lužani who were

3835-434: The village on fire and stealing animals. The males were hiding in other villages and upon the department of the Ottoman soldiers, the tribesmen attacked and killed 300 sipahis with their horses and baggage stolen. In 1613, the Ottomans launched a campaign against the rebel tribes of Montenegro. In response, the Bjelopavlići along with the tribes of Kuči, Piperi, Vasojevići , Kastrati , Kelmendi , Shkreli and Hoti formed

3900-444: The whole of Bulgaria. Paul Cubberley posits that although Cyril may have codified and expanded Glagolitic, it was his students in the First Bulgarian Empire under Tsar Simeon the Great that developed Cyrillic from the Greek letters in the 890s as a more suitable script for church books. Cyrillic spread among other Slavic peoples, as well as among non-Slavic Romanians . The earliest datable Cyrillic inscriptions have been found in

3965-414: Was Abur , used for the Komi language . Other Cyrillic alphabets include the Molodtsov alphabet for the Komi language and various alphabets for Caucasian languages . A number of languages written in a Cyrillic alphabet have also been written in a Latin alphabet , such as Azerbaijani , Uzbek , Serbian , and Romanian (in the Moldavian SSR until 1989 and in the Danubian Principalities throughout

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4030-503: Was also adopted. The pre-reform letterforms, called 'Полуустав', were notably retained in Church Slavonic and are sometimes used in Russian even today, especially if one wants to give a text a 'Slavic' or 'archaic' feel. The alphabet used for the modern Church Slavonic language in Eastern Orthodox and Eastern Catholic rites still resembles early Cyrillic. However, over the course of the following millennium, Cyrillic adapted to changes in spoken language, developed regional variations to suit

4095-404: Was also used by Catholic and Muslim Slavs. Cyrillic and Glagolitic were used for the Church Slavonic language , especially the Old Church Slavonic variant. Hence expressions such as "И is the tenth Cyrillic letter" typically refer to the order of the Church Slavonic alphabet; not every Cyrillic alphabet uses every letter available in the script. The Cyrillic script came to dominate Glagolitic in

4160-415: Was conceived and popularised by the followers of Cyril and Methodius in Bulgaria, rather than by Cyril and Methodius themselves, its name denotes homage rather than authorship. The Cyrillic script was created during the First Bulgarian Empire . Modern scholars believe that the Early Cyrillic alphabet was created at the Preslav Literary School , the most important early literary and cultural center of

4225-562: Was originally a ligature of Yer and I ( Ъ + І = Ы ). Iotation was indicated by ligatures formed with the letter І: Ꙗ (not an ancestor of modern Ya, Я, which is derived from Ѧ ), Ѥ , Ю (ligature of І and ОУ ), Ѩ , Ѭ . Sometimes different letters were used interchangeably, for example И = І = Ї , as were typographical variants like О = Ѻ . There were also commonly used ligatures like ѠТ = Ѿ . The letters also had numeric values, based not on Cyrillic alphabetical order, but inherited from

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