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A physical plant , mechanical plant or industrial plant (and where context is given, often just plant ) refers to the necessary infrastructure used in operation and maintenance of a given facility. The operation of these facilities, or the department of an organization which does so, is called "plant operations" or facility management . Industrial plant should not be confused with "manufacturing plant" in the sense of "a factory ". This is a holistic look at the architecture, design, equipment, and other peripheral systems linked with a plant required to operate or maintain it.

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73-643: Danieli Group ( Italian pronunciation: [danˈjɛːli] ) is an Italian supplier of equipment and physical plants to the metal industry . The company is based in Buttrio , in the north-east of Italy ( Friuli-Venezia Giulia region). It is one of the world leaders in the production of steel plants, in particular in the long products segment, where it owned more than 60% market share in 2000. It has more than 25 divisions worldwide (design, manufacturing and service centers), 7 of which are production centers ( Italy , Russia , Austria , Brazil , Netherlands , Sweden ,

146-442: A building when the coverage is poor. They will usually be placed on a roof or a wall in each building. Desalination plants are responsible for removing salt from water sources so that it becomes usable for human consumption. Reverse osmosis , multi-stage flash and multi-effect distillation , are three main types of equipment and processes used that differentiate desalination plants. Thermal technologies such as MSF and MED are

219-724: A key component of mobile telecommunications infrastructure. They connect the end user to the main network. They have physical barriers protecting transition equipment and are placed on masts or on the roofs/sides of buildings. Where it is located is determined by the local radio frequency coverage that is required. These base stations utilize different kinds of antennas, either on buildings or on landscapes, to transmit signals back and forth Directional antennas are used to direct signals in different direction, whereas line-of-sight radio-communication antennas, allow for communication in-between base stations. Base stations are of three types: macro-, micro- and pico-cell sub-stations. Macro cells are

292-500: A large network of equipment to retrieve, store and transfer water to a plant for treatment. Water from underground water sources are typically extracted via wells to be transported to a plant. Typical well equipment includes pipes, pumps, and shelters. If this underground water source is distant from the treatment plant, then aqueducts are commonly used to transport it. Many transport equipment, such as aqueducts, pipes , and tunnels utilize open-channel flow to ensure delivery of

365-467: A limited number of students admitted every year and the selection is based on a national test administered by the Ministry of Education . The test is divided into five parts, each about one of the following general subject: Logic and General Knowledge ; History ; Drawing and Representation ; Mathematics and Physics . Admission to the graduate programs in the university requires an undergraduate degree and

438-422: A mixing tank. Variable-speed paddle mixers are used to identify the best mix of salts to use for a specific body of water being treated. Flocculation basins use temperature to condense unsafe particles together. Setting tanks are then used to perform sedimentation , which removes certain solids using gravity so that they accumulate at the bottom of the tank. Rectangular and center feed basins are used to remove

511-469: A set of requirements specific for each school, such as the time spent in obtaining the undergraduate degree or the grade point average scored during the undergraduate program. The university also offers courses of study for the title of Dottore di Ricerca (PhD), MBA courses, and other postgraduate courses. The university's Graduate School of Management is one of the most prominent management schools in Italy and

584-564: A water abstraction and pre-treatment equipment, although in MSF different chemicals such as anti-sealant and anti-corrosives are added. Heating equipment is used at different stages at different pressure levels until it reaches a brine heater. The brine heater is what provides steam at these different stages to change the boiling point of the water. Conventional water treatment plants are used to extract, purify and then distribute water from already drinkable bodies of water. Water treatment plants require

657-399: Is off site, providing quality assurance of equipment function prior to use. An HVAC plant usually includes air conditioning (both heating and cooling systems and ventilation) and other mechanical systems. It often also includes the maintenance of other systems, such as plumbing and lighting. The facility itself may be an office building, a school campus, military base, apartment complex, or

730-484: Is taken to an energy recovery module, and any further excess is pumped back out through an outfall pipe. Control equipment is used to monitor this process and ensure it continues to run smoothly. When the water is separated, it is then delivered to a household via a distribution network for consumption. Pre-treatment systems have intake screening equipment such as forebays and screens . Intake equipment can vary in design; open ocean intakes are either placed onshore or off

803-548: Is the largest technical university in Italy , with about 40,000 students. The university offers undergraduate, graduate, and higher education courses in the fields of engineering , architecture and design . Established in 1863 by Francesco Brioschi , it is the oldest university in Milan ; inspired by German and Swiss polytechnic institutes, Brioschi founded the school in order to advance Italy's scientific and technological progress. By

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876-499: Is the main campus of the university and comprises the central administration offices, the rectorate, and most of the research departments. The Milan Bovisa campus is located in the Bovisa district of Milan and became active in 1989; campus Bovisa is today composed of campus Durando , opened in 1994, and campus La Masa , inaugurated in 1997. The first is the seat of the School of Design, while

949-525: Is the oldest of the university's campuses still in use. The first buildings on Piazza Leonardo da Vinci were inaugurated in 1927. Over the years, the complex has been expanded and is now generally referred to as "Città Studi", City of Studies , which also refers to some faculties of the University of Milan in the same area. The campus extends over several streets: Leonardo , Bonardi , Clericetti , Mancinelli , Gran Sasso and Colombo . The Leonardo Campus

1022-480: Is used. A Fiber Optic Splitter is equipment used when multiple users must be connected to the same backbone of fiber. EPON is a variant of PON, which can hold 704 connections in one line. Fibre networks based on a PON backbone have several options in connecting individuals to their network, such as fibre to the “curb, building, or home”. This equipment utilises different wavelengths to send and receive data simultaneously and without interference Base stations are

1095-605: The ENTREE network for student exchange among Electrical Engineering colleges in Europe and it is a member of Top Industrial Managers for Europe (TIME) network. The Alta Scuola Politecnica is a joint institution of the Polytechnic University of Milan and Polytechnic University of Turin addressed to young talents who want to develop their interdisciplinary capabilities for leading and promoting innovation, and runs in parallel to

1168-495: The QS World University Rankings , the university is ranked as 111th overall in the world, the first Italian university in this ranking. By field of study, it is ranked 5th for Design, 11th for Architecture, and 16th for Engineering and Technology. More specifically, it was also ranked as the 7th best university in the world regarding civil and structural engineering topics. The SCImago Institutions Rankings listed

1241-909: The United States , Vietnam , Germany , India , China , and Thailand ). Because of the company's continued business with Russia amid the Russian invasion of Ukraine , Danieli is listed among International Sponsors of War by the Ukrainian National Agency on Corruption Prevention . In response, the company has declared its withdrawal from the Russian market due to the evolving geopolitical landscape, rendering commercial engagements and establishment in Russia unfeasible. The company has also reaffirmed its consistent adherence to sanctions. Danieli’s origins date to 1914 when two brothers Mario and Timo Danieli acquired

1314-430: The sediment that is taken to sludge processing centers. Filtration then separates the larger materials that remain in the water source using pressure filtration, diatomaceous earth filtration, and direct filtration. Water is then disinfected where it is then either stored or distributed for use. Stakeholders have different responsibilities for the maintenance of equipment in a water treatment plant. In terms of

1387-690: The 10% most cited in the international bibliography. The Rector, the Academic Senate and the Board of Directors ( Consiglio di Amministrazione ) are the governing bodies of the university. Internal Financial Auditors ( Collegio dei revisori dei conti ) controls the management and finance of the University. There are several other consulting bodies, among them the Students' Council, which is directly elected by students and serves in an advisory role. The Rector represents

1460-434: The 1960s. It uses cathodes and anodes at multiple stages to filter out ionic compounds into a concentrated form, leaving more pure and safe drinking water. This technology does have a higher cost of energy so unlike reverse osmosis it is mainly used for brackish water which has a lower salt content than seawater . Thermal distillation equipment is commonly used in the middle East; similarly to Reverse osmosis, it has

1533-511: The 20th century, the school would ultimately gain international recognition through its influential faculty and a strong emphasis on modernist principles. The university compromises of two main campuses in the city of Milan, where the majority of the research and teaching activities are located, as well as other satellite campuses in five other cities across the Lombardy and Emilia-Romagna regions. The central offices and headquarters are located in

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1606-590: The 3-years Bachelor requires 180 credits while the 2-years Master 120. The university, like most universities in Italy , is organized to comply with the framework of the Bologna Process . The university maintains several relations with foreign universities and offers a wide range of international projects for student exchange, The university encourages the enrollment of foreign students by providing several courses in English , German and Spanish . It participates in

1679-400: The Academic Senate fixes an approximate maximum number of students for every program. The admission test for any Engineering school, except Construction Engineering, is divided in four parts, each about one of the following general subject: English Language ; Logic, Mathematics and Statistics ; Verbal Comprehension ; Physics . Architecture, Design and Construction Engineering schools have

1752-526: The Angelini Steelworks in Brescia, Italy, one of the first companies to use the electric arc furnace for steel making. In 1929, Mario Danieli transferred part of the steelworks to Buttrio to manufacture tools for forging plants and auxiliary machines for rolling mills. After World War II, led by Luigi Danieli, the company changed its name to Danieli & C and started designing and manufacturing equipment for

1825-479: The Group’s turnover was €2.8 billion, net income amounted to €62.4 million, EBITDA to €187.7 million, EBIT to €91.6 million. Physical plant The design and equipment of a nuclear power plant , has for the most part, remained stagnant over the last 30 years. There are three types of reactor cooling mechanisms: light water reactors , liquid metal reactors , and high-temperature gas-cooled reactors . While, for

1898-607: The Polytechnic University of Milan had an acceptance rate of 28%. It is considered one of the leading technical universities in Italy and in Europe, and is consistently ranked as one of the best schools for architecture and engineering in the world. According to the QS World University Rankings for the subject area 'Engineering & Technology', it ranked in 2022 as the 13th best in the world; It also ranked 6th worldwide for design, 9th for civil and structural engineering, 9th for mechanical and aerospace engineering and 7th for architecture. In 2024, SCImago Institutions Rankings listed

1971-596: The University and coordinates the Academic and Research activity. The tenure of the Rector is six years and can serve only one term. Tuition fees at the Polytechnic University of Milan depend on each student's family income. They range between about 150 € /year and 3726 €/year. Students with an outstanding GPA (usually ≥ 27/30 or 29/30) are granted partial or full rebates, in addition to various kinds of scholarships. There are many scholarships for international students as part of

2044-778: The already existent industrial design. In April 2012, the university announced that, beginning in 2014, all graduate courses would be taught only in English. This decision was then partially revised, after the decision of the Italian Supreme Court, that stated the Italian language could not be totally abolished nor downgraded to a marginal role. The University is spread over seven campuses: two main campuses in Milan and another five satellite campuses across Lombardy ( Lecco , Cremona , Mantua ) and Emilia Romagna ( Piacenza ). Milan Leonardo

2117-406: The attraction of foreign students, and others. The admission in the undergraduate program in engineering at the university is bound to an admission test, aimed to verify the starting preparation of every student. The main goal of this test is to point out the lacks of aspiring students and, in case, to assign them an extra course. Only some programs have a strictly limited number of places, even if

2190-560: The city. All the university campuses are covered by a Wi-Fi network , connected and interoperable with the Eduroam service. The Istituto per il Diritto allo Studio Universitario (ISU) manages additional student facilities such as scholarships, student housing, open libraries, lending of computers, cafeterias and study spaces. Educafe is a cultural center in the Leonardo campus, where students can meet and events are held regularly. Among

2263-628: The company to gradually pass from the production of machines for the steel-making industry to the production of turnkey plants. In 1976 the company won the design and production of a 500,000-ton steel plant in Brandenburg, in the former East Germany, beating the competition of the Krupp company with a 3% lower bid. The total value of the order was approximately 200 billion Italian lire. Since 1977 Luigi Danieli has been working together with Cecilia and Anna Chiara, two of his four daughters. In 1979, Danieli’s turnover

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2336-591: The company, as well as Camilla Benedetti, a graduate in Economics and Business from Catholic University of Milan and with previous professional experience at Ernst & Young. In 2009, the turnover reached 3.2 billion euros and the profit was 135 million euros, with approximately 9,400 people employed. In 2018 the company founded the Danieli Academy, with the aim of managing the skills development of human resources through partnerships with hundreds of universities around

2409-591: The company’s product range. In 2009, ten years after the death of Cecilia Danieli, the 29-year-old Giacomo Mareschi Danieli joined the company’s Board of Directors. Graduated in Electronic Engineering from the Polytechnic University of Milan , since 2006 he has been working in the Danieli Group. Anna, who is Giacomo’s twin and a graduate in Economics and Business from Bocconi University, also joined

2482-446: The distribution equipment to the end user, it is mainly the plant owners who are responsible for the maintenance of this equipment. An engineers role is more focused on maintaining the equipment used to treat water. Public regulators are responsible for monitoring water supply quality and ensuring it is safe to drink. These stakeholders have active responsibility for these processes and equipment. The manufacturer's primary responsibility

2555-449: The establishment of research spin-offs (20 spin-offs from 2000 to today), and also of high-tech companies during their start-up phase, with a structure named Acceleratore d'Impresa (Start-up Incubator). According to the SIR 2013 World Report about the quality of scientific research produced, the university has a normalized impact factor of 1.42, and 16.62% of the articles produced fall within

2628-542: The family had a different point of view. Eventually, 58% of the ordinary shares were sold to SIND (Società Impianti Industriali), held 50% by Cecilia Danieli and 50% by Gianpietro Benedetti. Following the new corporate structure, the expansion around the world continued. In 1987 Danieli acquired Morgårdshammar, a Swedish group specializing in rolling plants for special steels, and later Wean United (USA), Rotelec (France) and Sund (Sweden). The results seemed to justify that generational change wanted by Cecilia: Danieli’s turnover

2701-636: The fields of engineering, architecture and design. The university offers 32 first level (Bachelor) degree programs. The academic year is divided into two terms, or semesters, the first from mid-September to late January and the second from March to late June. There are 3 exam sessions: those at the end of each semester (in February and July) and one more in September. Students need to achieve 60 "university credits" ( CFU or Crediti Formativi Universitari ) per year during their Bachelor's and master's degrees. Therefore,

2774-560: The first direct rolling plant for quality steel in the USA. In the mid-eighties, the steel industry again encountered difficulties. A different strategy emerged within the Danieli family in order to remain competitive: Cecilia, who held a degree in Economics and Business from the University of Trieste (Italy), and Gianpietro Benedetti were in favor of a major restructuring, in line with a strategy of internationalization and expansion of products. The rest of

2847-432: The historical campus of Città Studi in Milan, which is also the largest, active since 1927. The university provides a diverse selection of graduate programs. Of its 40,000 students, 8,000 are international from more than 100 countries. The university also has established partnerships with several prestigious institutions worldwide, including ETH Zurich , TU Delft , and Massachusetts Institute of Technology . As of 2024,

2920-491: The library system can be searched through an online public access catalogue (OPAC). Since autumn 2004, the Polytechnic University of Milan has owned a publishing trademark, Polipress , created mainly to publish researches by the university community. The trademark publishes also the free Politecnico periodical. The Polytechnic University of Milan participates in European and international networks of scientific research . In

2993-616: The like. HVAC systems can be used to transport heat towards specific areas within a given facility or building. Heat pumps are used to push heat in a certain direction. Specific heat pumps used vary, potentially including, solar thermal and ground source pumps. Other common components are finned tube heat exchanger and fans; however, these are limited and can lead to heat loss. HVAC ventilation systems primarily remove air-borne particles through forced circulation. Polytechnic University of Milan The Polytechnic University of Milan ( Politecnico di Milano , abbreviated as Polimi )

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3066-426: The most part, equipment remains the same, there have been some minimal modifications to existing reactors improving safety and efficiency. There have also been significant design changes for all these reactors. However, they remain theoretical and unimplemented. Nuclear power plant equipment can be separated into two categories: primary systems and balance-of-plant systems. Primary systems are equipment involved in

3139-507: The most used in the Middle East, as they have low access to fresh water supply yet have access to excess energy. Reverse osmosis plants use “Semi-Permeable Membrane Polymers”, that allow for water to pass through unabated while blocking molecules not suitable for drinking. Reverse Osmosis plants typically use intake pipes, which allow for water to be abstracted at its source. This water is then taken to pre-treatment centers, where particles in

3212-458: The most widely used base station, utilizing omnidirectional or radio-communication dishes. Micro cells are more specialized; these expand and provide additional coverage in areas where macro cells cannot. They are typically placed on streetlights, usually not requiring radio-communication dishes. This is because they are physically interconnected via fiber-optic cables. Pico cell stations are further specific, providing additional coverage only within

3285-609: The plant is adjusted as needed. Containment equipment encompasses the physical structure built around the reactor to protect the surroundings from reactor failure. Lastly, primary systems also include emergency core cooling equipment and reactor protection equipment. Balance-of-plant systems are equipment used commonly across power plants in the production and distribution of power. They utilize turbines , generators , condensers , feedwater equipment, auxiliary equipment, fire protection equipment, emergency power supply equipment and used fuel storage . In broadcast engineering ,

3358-481: The primary fiber optic model used to for connecting users to the fiber optic plant. A central office hub utilities transmission equipment, allowing it to send signals to between one and 32 users per line. The main fiber backbone of a PON network is called an optical line terminal . The operational requirements, such as maintenance, equipment sharing efficiency, sharing of the actual fiber and potential need for future expansion, all determine which specific variant of PON

3431-469: The production and safety of nuclear power . The reactor specifically has equipment such as reactor vessels usually surrounding the core for protection, and the reactor core which holds fuel rods . It also includes reactor cooling equipment consisting of liquid cooling loops and circulating coolant . These loops are usually separate systems each having at least one pump. Other equipment includes steam generators and pressurizers that ensure pressure in

3504-412: The recent university internationalization strategy. Most Italian universities do not offer accommodation for their students on campus. The university manages a limited number of approximately 2000 beds available for students. Most students from outside the city are either commuters or renters. It is common for both Italian and international students to share flats due to the expensive real-estate market of

3577-549: The school 6th for Architecture and amongst the top 50 in Engineering in 2024. As for Italian national rankings, the university was ranked the best university for Engineering and among the top big universities in Italy in the CENSIS- Repubblica Italian University rankings for the academic year 2011–2012. In 2009 an Italian research ranked it as the best in Italy over indicators such as scientific production,

3650-419: The school 6th for architecture and amongst the top 50 schools for engineering in the world. Some of the most notable alumni and professors from the school include Nobel laureate Giulio Natta , engineer, inventor, and aeronautical pioneer Enrico Forlanini , astrophysicist Amalia Ercoli Finzi , novelist Carlo Emilio Gadda , and architects Renzo Piano and Aldo Rossi . The Polytechnic University of Milan

3723-663: The second is dedicated to Industrial, Mechanical, Aerospace, and Energy Engineering faculties. Bovisa also houses the related research facilities, including the wind tunnel. The first satellite campuses opened in 1987 in Como and in 1989 in Lecco . During the 1990s other three branches opened in Cremona (1991), Mantua (1994), and Piacenza (1997). The Polytechnic University of Milan offers several three-year undergraduate courses, two-year graduate courses, one-year master courses and PhD programs in

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3796-463: The second main line of study at the university, was introduced in 1865 in cooperation with the Brera Academy . There were only 30 students admitted in the first year. Over the decades, most of the students were men: the first female graduate from the university was in 1913. In 1927 the university moved to piazza Leonardo da Vinci , in the district now known as Città studi (City of Studies), where

3869-412: The shore. Offshore intakes transfer water using concrete channels into screening chambers to be transferred directly to pre-treatment centers, using intake pumps where chemicals will be added. It is then dissolved and separated from solids using a flotation device, to be pumped through a semi-permeable membrane. Electrodialysis competes with reverse osmosis systems and has been used industrially since

3942-512: The steel industry, a turning point that contributed to strengthening the Italian steel industry’s competitiveness in Europe in the Sixties and Seventies. In the second half of the Seventies, a crisis affected the entire steel industry due to an excess production capacity. Luigi Danieli (1915-1993), who held a degree in Engineering from the University of Padua (Italy), adopted a different strategy and led

4015-739: The student organizations: The 2007 graduate survey shows that 80% of graduates of the Polytechnic University of Milan find a job within three months from graduation, and almost 95% within six months. The figures are similar for the bachelor and the masters level graduates. A specialized "Career Service" facilitates contacts between graduates and the industry, it invites companies for presentations and prepares statistics about graduated students. It posts several stage and job offers every day both for students and graduates. Approximately 55% of undergraduate students complete their studies on time, and approximately 80% of them graduate within an additional year. Similar figures apply to graduate students. Students at

4088-608: The term transmitter plant refers to the part of the physical plant associated with the transmitter and its controls and inputs, the studio/transmitter link (if the radio studio is off-site), the radio antenna and radomes , feedline and desiccation / nitrogen system, broadcast tower and building , tower lighting, generator , and air conditioning. These are often monitored by an automatic transmission system , which reports conditions via telemetry ( transmitter/studio link ). Economic constraints such as capital and operating expenditure lead to Passive Optical Networks as

4161-433: The two-year programs of laurea magistrale (graduate courses). The university offers several opportunities for students that want to integrate their studies with an experience outside Italy . Some of them are: PhD students may also take advantage of "Progetto Rocca MIT-PoliMi Program" , an international program that allows them to spend a visit period working at Massachusetts Institute of Technology . According to

4234-486: The university and other companies, was launched. Since the end of the 1980s, the university has begun a process of territorial expansion that would have resulted in the opening of its satellite campuses in Lombardy and Emilia Romagna . A university program in industrial design was started in 1993. In 2000, the university's faculty of design was created with new courses in undergraduate and postgraduate programs of graphic & visual, fashion and interior design along with

4307-494: The university elect representatives in the Academic Senate, the Board of Directors and in the Boards of Schools. Currently, there are four main political groups in student elections: There are also other smaller groups. However, participation in student elections is generally low, as a result of low participation in extra academical activities. In the last elections, it figured out a new wave of interest, with 20% of participation (after

4380-448: The university's main facilities are still today. At the time, it was named Regio Politecnico ("Royal Polytechnic"). The word Regio was removed as Italy was proclaimed a republic at the end of World War II . The historical building still in use today was designed and built by engineers and architects all graduated from the university itself. The present logo, based on a detail of the preparatory sketch of Raphael 's School of Athens ,

4453-436: The water are removed with chemicals added to prevent water damage. HR- pumps and booster pumps are used to provide pressure and pump the water at different heights of the facility, which is then transferred to a reverse osmosis module. This equipment, depending on the specifications, effectively filters out between 98 and 99.5% of salt from the water. Waste that is separated through these pre-treatment and reverse osmosis modules

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4526-501: The water from being unusable or damaging equipment, these chemicals are measured using an electromechanical chemical feed device to ensure the correct levels of chemicals in the water are maintained. Corrosive -resistant pipe materials such as PVC , aluminum and stainless steel are used to transfer water safely due to increases in acidity from pre-treatment. Coagulation is usually the next step, in which salts such as ferric sulfate are used to destabilize organic matter in

4599-439: The water is collected and transferred to a water treatment plant. Once water arrives at a plant, it undergoes a pre-treatment process where it is passed through screens, such as passive screens or bar screens, to stop certain kinds of debris from entering equipment further down the facility that could damage it. After that, a mix of chemicals is added using either a dry chemical feeder or solution metering pumps . To prevent

4672-607: The water. This utilizes geography and gravity to allow the water to naturally flow from one place to another withoutthe need for additional pumps. Flow measurement equipment is used to monitor the flow, which is consistent with no issues occurring. Watersheds are areas where surface water in each area will naturally flow and where it is usually stored after collection. For storm water runoff , natural bodies of water as well as filtration systems are used to store and transfer water. Non-stormwater runoffs use equipment such as septic tanks to treat water onsite, or sewer systems where

4745-484: The world. The financial statements for the year ended 30 June 2017 showed revenues at €2.49 billion, with an income of €59 million. As of 30 June 2018, the Group’s turnover was €2.70 billion (+2%), EBITDA amounted to €228 million (13%), EBIT to €103 million (48%), and revenues to €58.4 million. The financial statements for the year ended 30 June 2019 showed revenues at €3 billion, net income at €67 million, EBITDA at €239.2 million, EBIT at €101.51 million. As of 30 June 2020,

4818-605: The year 2004 alone, about 60 large scale, multi-year international research projects have been initiated or participated by the university, just in the context of the European Research framework . As of 2012, the university takes part in over 132 current FP7 research projects. The University raised almost 80% of its research funds from external sources in 2008, from participation in national and international calls for proposals by its researchers and from research contracts stipulated with companies. The Polytechnic University of Milan

4891-506: Was adopted in 1942. Until then, there was no official logo for the institution. In 1954, the first European centre of electronic computation was opened at the university by Gino Cassinis and Ercole Bottani. In 1963 Giulio Natta received the Nobel Prize in Chemistry for his research on crystalline polymers, polypropylene in particular. In 1977, the satellite Sirio, jointly developed by

4964-588: Was founded on 29 November 1863 by Francesco Brioschi , secretary of the Ministry of Education and rector of the University of Pavia . Its establishment was part of a broader movement in Italy to advance technical and scientific education, which in result would support industrial and technological development during the country's early years of unification . Its original name was Istituto Tecnico Superiore (which translates to "Higher Technical Institute") and only Civil and Industrial Engineering were taught. Architecture ,

5037-879: Was indeed constantly growing – reaching 1.9 billion Italian Lire in 2000 – with 3,200 people employed. In June 1999 Cecilia Danieli died in Aviano at the age of 56. Gianpietro Benedetti was appointed President and CEO of the company. At the end of the 1990s the internationalization process was completed: in addition to that of Buttrio, Danieli opened production plants in Pittsburgh, Paris, Sweden and Germany, two offices in China (Beijing and Shanghai), other production plants in Thailand (Danieli Far East) and Russia (Danieli Volga), as well as service centers in Austria and Brazil. This also led to an expansion of

5110-516: Was over 130 billion Italian lire (80% of which was made abroad) and the company employed 1,600 people. Specialized in the production of mini-mills according to the needs of final consumers, in 1983 its production reached one million tons per year. In the same period, it won contracts in the USSR and North Africa. In 1984, the company was listed on the Milan Stock Exchange. In 1985 Danieli completed

5183-404: Was ranked as the 96th best business school in the world by Financial Times in 2011. The Polytechnic University of Milan is organized in 12 departments: The library system of the university counts more than 470,000 records distributed over the libraries in the campuses. The system comprises four central libraries along with teaching libraries (department libraries). The titles registered in

5256-488: Was the first university in Italy for total number of European research funding awarded under the Horizon 2020 program, with 296 projects and a total of € 125.7 million. The university has a long history of research. Many scientists working in the university have received awards and recognition by the scientific community: among them, the most famous is Giulio Natta , the only Italian Nobel laureate for Chemistry, in 1963, who

5329-670: Was the head of the Department of Industrial Chemistry. The University also operated the first research nuclear reactor in Italy, the 50kW LM54 , from 1959 to 1979 in the "Enrico Fermi Nuclear Research Institute" and now operates several important laboratories such as one of the biggest wind tunnels in Europe. As of 2005, a number of professors at the Polytechnic University of Milan are ACM or IEEE fellows. The university participates in associations and consortia for applied research, has offices to assist technological transfers and continuing education for professionals. The university supports

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