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58-558: Settled in 1736, the town was renamed after George M. Dallas of Philadelphia (Vice President of the United States during the Polk administration) during the presidential campaign of 1844. Dallastown was incorporated as a borough in April 1866. President Lyndon Johnson visited Dallastown in 1966 as part of the town's centennial celebration. According to the U.S. Census Bureau , the borough has

116-449: A 27-to-27 tie, and Dallas cast the tie-breaking vote in favor of the tariff on July 28, 1846. Dallas rationalized that he had studied the distribution of Senate support and concluded that backing for the measure came from all regions of the country. Additionally, the measure had overwhelmingly passed the House of Representatives, a body closer to public sentiment. While his action earned Dallas

174-478: A Pennsylvanian, Dallas had traditionally supported the protectionist tariff policy that his state's coal and iron interests demanded. But as vice president, elected on a platform dedicated to tariff reduction, he agreed to do anything necessary to realize that goal. Dallas equated the vice president's constitutional power to break tied votes in the Senate with the president's constitutional power to veto acts of Congress. At

232-583: A conciliatory spirit, but without any sacrifice of national dignity, and both were settled amicably. In 1859, following the U.S. Supreme Court's ruling in the Dred Scott decision, Dallas refused Frederick Douglass a passport, on the grounds that Douglass was not a citizen; decades later, in Life and Times of Frederick Douglass , Douglass remarked "This man is now dead and generally forgotten... but I have lived to see myself everywhere recognized as an American citizen." At

290-792: A leader of the Family Party faction of the Pennsylvania Democratic Party . Dallas developed a rivalry with James Buchanan , the leader of the Amalgamator faction. Between 1828 and 1835, he served as the mayor of Philadelphia , U.S. attorney for the U.S. District Court of Pennsylvania and as Pennsylvania's attorney general. He also represented Pennsylvania in the United States Senate from 1831 to 1833 but declined to seek re-election. President Martin Van Buren appointed Dallas to

348-585: A library on the site in 1958 and recreated the façade of the old LCP building. APS restored the former Farmers' & Mechanics' Bank building at 425–29 Chestnut Street , which was built in 1854–55 to the design of John M. Gries in the Italianate style , to serve as a lecture hall. It is the site of meetings and most major events the society hosts. The Constance C. and Edgar P. Richardson Hall at 431 Chestnut Street, immediately west of Benjamin Franklin Hall,

406-644: A mansion on Fourth Street, with a second home in the countryside, situated on the Schuylkill River . He was educated privately at Quaker-run preparatory schools , before studying at the College of New Jersey (now Princeton University ), from which he graduated with highest honors in 1810. While at College, he participated in several activities, including the American Whig–Cliosophic Society . Afterwards, he studied law in his father's office, and he

464-655: A message hand-delivered by the Senate Sergeant at Arms, "If there be the slightest indication of a disposition to riot in the city of Philadelphia, owing to the passage of the Tariff Bill, pack up and bring the whole brood to Washington.") While Dallas' tariff vote destroyed him in Pennsylvania, his aggressive views on Oregon and the Mexican War crippled his campaign efforts elsewhere in the nation. In his last hope of building

522-487: A stand, the Senate completed its voting on the Walker Tariff with a 27-to-27 tie. (A twenty-eighth vote in favor was held in reserve by a senator who opposed the measure but agreed to follow the instructions of his state legislature to support it.) When he cast the tie-breaking vote in favor of the tariff on July 28, 1846, Dallas rationalized that he had studied the distribution of Senate support and concluded that backing for

580-594: A total area of 0.8 square miles (2.1 km), all land. At the 2000 census there were 4,087 people, 1,622 households, and 1,026 families living in the borough. The population density was 5,567.2 inhabitants per square mile (2,149.5/km). There were 1,707 housing units at an average density of 2,325.2 units per square mile (897.8 units/km). The racial makeup of the borough was 97.19% White, 0.78% African American, 0.20% Native American, 0.34% Asian, 0.12% Pacific Islander, 0.39% from other races, and 0.98% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 1.79%. Of

638-462: A trust. This property included 900 acres and 91 slaves. George Dallas was given his middle name after Thomas Mifflin , another politician who was good friends with his father. His mother, Arabella Smith, was English, born in England . Dallas was the second of six children, another of whom, Alexander , would become the commander of Pensacola Navy Yard . During Dallas' childhood, the family lived in

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696-691: Is a collection of indigenous language documents from around the United States including recordings of the Odawa language from northern Michigan. APS has created a guide to help provide broad coverage of the Native American and Indigenous archival collections at the Library & Museum of the American Philosophical Society. These materials date from 1553 to 2020 and include manuscript, audio, and visual materials relating to Indigenous peoples throughout

754-524: Is an American scholarly organization and learned society founded in 1743 in Philadelphia that promotes knowledge in the humanities and natural sciences through research, professional meetings, publications, library resources, and community outreach. It was founded by the polymath Benjamin Franklin and is considered the first learned society founded in what became the United States. Philosophical Hall ,

812-481: Is considered a "convenient arrangement" because Dallas' father was serving at the time as that department's secretary. Since the job did not entail a large workload, Dallas found time to develop his grasp of politics, his major vocational interest. He later became the counsel to the Second Bank of the United States . In 1817, Dallas' father died, ending Dallas' plan for a family law practice, and he stopped working for

870-573: The University of California, Berkeley . Ten academic institutions have each been affiliated with 50 or more members: In 1786, the society established the Magellanic Premium , a prize for achievement in "navigation, astronomy , or natural philosophy," the oldest scientific prize awarded by an American institution, which it still awards. Other awards include the Barzun Prize for cultural history ,

928-677: The Whig ticket in the general election. A supporter of expansion and popular sovereignty , Dallas called for the annexation of all of Mexico during the Mexican–American War . He sought to position himself for contention in the 1848 presidential election , but his vote to lower the tariff destroyed his base of support in his home state. Dallas served as the Minister to the United Kingdom from 1856 to 1861 before retiring from public office. Dallas

986-399: The 1,622 households 31.6% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 46.4% were married couples living together, 12.5% had a female householder with no husband present, and 36.7% were non-families. 29.8% of households were one person and 12.4% were one person aged 65 or older. The average household size was 2.36 and the average family size was 2.91. The age distribution was 23.3% under

1044-486: The 11th vice president of the United States from 1845 to 1849, and U.S. Minister to the United Kingdom from 1856 to 1861. Dallas was a son of U.S. Treasury Secretary Alexander J. Dallas , and studied law in his father's office and was admitted to the bar in 1813. He served as the private secretary to Albert Gallatin and worked for the Treasury Department and the Second Bank of the United States . He emerged as

1102-586: The APS's own collections, along with objects on loan from other institutions. In 1789–90, the Library Company of Philadelphia (LCP) built its headquarters directly across 5th Street from APS. In 1884 LCP sold its building, which was demolished for the expansion of the Drexel & Company Building in 1887. This building was demolished in the mid-1950s, during the creation of Independence National Historical Park. APS built

1160-521: The Americas. The society also has a collection of manuscripts on the history of the British colonies, Revolutionary War, the history of American science, quantum physics, Charles Darwin and evolution, genetics and the history of technology. Philosophical Hall , at 104 South Fifth Street, Philadelphia, between Chestnut and Walnut Streets, immediately south of Old City Hall , was built in 1785–1789 to house

1218-878: The Judson Daland Prize for Outstanding Achievement in Clinical Investigation, the Benjamin Franklin Medal , the Lashley Award for neurobiology , the Lewis Award, and the Thomas Jefferson Medal for distinguished achievement in the arts, humanities, or social sciences. The society has published the Transactions of the American Philosophical Society since 1771. Five issues appear each year. The Proceedings have appeared since 1838; they publish

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1276-617: The Second Bank of the United States and became the deputy attorney general of Philadelphia, a position he held until 1820. After the War of 1812 , Pennsylvania's political climate was chaotic, with two factions in that state's Democratic party vying for control. One, the Philadelphia-based "Family party", was led by Dallas, and it espoused the beliefs that the Constitution of the United States

1334-564: The United States. Dallas enjoyed the opportunities offered to him by being in Russia, but after six months there he was ordered to go to London to determine whether the War of 1812 could be resolved diplomatically. In August 1814, he arrived in Washington, D.C. , and delivered a preliminary draft of Britain's peace terms. There, he was appointed by James Madison to become the remitter of the treasury, which

1392-636: The Vice President. He is also the namesake of Dallas County, Arkansas , Dallas County, Missouri , and Dallas County, Texas , Other U.S. cities and towns named in Dallas' honor include Dallas, Georgia (the county seat of Paulding County, Georgia ), Dallas, North Carolina (the former county seat of Gaston County, North Carolina ), Dallas, Oregon (the county seat of Polk County, Oregon ) and Dallastown, Pennsylvania , American Philosophical Society The American Philosophical Society ( APS )

1450-410: The age of 18, 9.7% from 18 to 24, 31.1% from 25 to 44, 17.6% from 45 to 64, and 18.3% 65 or older. The median age was 36 years. For every 100 females there were 90.2 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 82.6 males. The median household income was $ 37,500 and the median family income was $ 44,500. Males had a median income of $ 35,679 versus $ 25,169 for females. The per capita income for

1508-557: The annexation of all of the Oregon Territory and all of Mexico during the Mexican–American War , but was satisfied with compromises that saw the United States annex parts of both areas. Though Dallas was unsuccessful in preventing Polk from appointing Buchanan as Secretary of State, he helped convince Polk to appoint Robert J. Walker as Secretary of the Treasury. As vice president, Dallas sought to maneuver himself into contention for

1566-560: The annexation of all of the Oregon Territory and all of Mexico during the Mexican–American War, but was satisfied with compromises that saw the United States annex parts of both areas. Though Dallas was unsuccessful in preventing Polk from appointing Buchanan as Secretary of State, he helped convince Polk to appoint Robert J. Walker as Secretary of the Treasury. As vice president, Dallas sought to maneuver himself into contention for

1624-472: The appointment by President Lincoln of Charles F. Adams , who relieved him on May 16, 1861. At the very beginning of his diplomatic service in England , he was called to act upon the Central American question and the request made by the United States to the British government that Sir John Crampton , the British minister to the United States, should be recalled. Dallas managed these delicate questions in

1682-610: The borough was $ 18,249. About 3.4% of families and 8.7% of the population were below the poverty line , including 6.7% of those under age 18 and 19.2% of those age 65 or over. Dallastown Borough is home to Dallastown Elementary School, Senior High school, and Middle School, which is part of the Dallastown Area School District, which consists of eight local schools, including the Dallastown Intermediate School, built in 2010. St. Joseph's Catholic School

1740-553: The citizens of the Union" could not "narrow his great sphere and act with reference only to [Pennsylvania's] interests." While his action, based on a mixture of party loyalty and political opportunism, earned Dallas the respect of the president and certain party leaders—and possible votes in 1848 from the southern and western states that supported low tariffs—it effectively demolished his home state political base, ending any serious prospects for future elective office. (He even advised his wife in

1798-503: The close of his diplomatic career, Dallas returned to private life and took no further part in public affairs except to express condemnation of secession. Dallas returned to Philadelphia , where he lived until his death from a heart attack on December 31, 1864, at the age of 72. He is interred at St. Peter's Episcopal churchyard in Philadelphia. Dallas County, Iowa , and one of its cities, Dallas Center, Iowa , were named after

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1856-512: The end of his vice-presidential term, Dallas said he had cast thirty tie-breaking votes during his four years in office (although only nineteen of these have been identified in Senate records). Taking obvious personal satisfaction in this record, Dallas singled out this achievement and the fairness with which he believed he accomplished it in his farewell address to the Senate. Not interested in political suicide, however, Dallas sought to avoid having to exercise his singular constitutional prerogative on

1914-421: The end of his vice-presidential term, Dallas said he had cast thirty tie-breaking votes during his four years in office. However, he sought to avoid having to exercise his singular constitutional prerogative on the tariff issue, actively lobbying senators during the debate over Treasury Secretary Walker's tariff bill in the summer of 1846. Despite his efforts, the Senate completed its voting on the Walker Tariff with

1972-432: The measure came from all regions of the country. Additionally, the measure had overwhelmingly passed the House of Representatives, a body closer to public sentiment. He apprehensively explained to the citizens of Pennsylvania that "an officer, elected by the suffrages of all twenty-eight states, and bound by his oath and every constitutional obligation, faithfully and fairly to represent, in the execution of his high trust, all

2030-550: The name American Philosophical Society Held at Philadelphia for Promoting Useful Knowledge . Franklin was elected the first president. During this time, the society maintained a standing Committee on American Improvements; one of its investigations was to study the prospects for a canal to connect the Chesapeake Bay and the Delaware River . The Chesapeake and Delaware Canal , which had been proposed by Thomas Gilpin, Sr.,

2088-642: The necessary national support to gain the White House, the Vice President shifted his attention to the aggressive, expansionist foreign policy program embodied in the concept of "Manifest Destiny". He actively supported efforts to gain control of Texas, the Southwest, Cuba, and disputed portions of the Oregon territory. Dallas was influential as the presiding officer of the Senate, where he worked to support Polk's agenda and cast several tie-breaking votes . Dallas called for

2146-441: The nomination, and the delegates chose Dallas as his replacement. Dallas, who was not at the convention, was awakened at his home by convention delegates who had traveled to Philadelphia to tell him the news. Dallas somewhat reluctantly accepted the nomination. The Democratic candidates won the popular vote by a margin of 1.5%, and won the election with an electoral vote of 170 out of 275. During his time as vice president, Dallas

2204-555: The papers delivered at the society's biannual meetings. The society has also published The Papers of Benjamin Franklin , Joseph Henry , William Penn , and Meriwether Lewis and William Clark . Jane Aitken bound 400 volumes for the society. The society also has an expansive archive on framer of the U.S. constitution John Dickinson . APS holds the ACLS Collection (American Council of Learned Societies Committee on Native American Languages, American Philosophical Society) which

2262-498: The party had gained control of the city councils. However, he quickly grew bored of that post, and became the United States attorney for the eastern district of Pennsylvania in 1829, a position his father had held from 1801 to 1814, and continued in that role until 1831. In December of that year, he won a five-man, eleven-ballot contest in the state legislature, that enabled him to become the Senator from Pennsylvania in order to complete

2320-482: The post of Minister to Russia , and Dallas held that position from 1837 to 1839. In 1840, he was elected to the American Philosophical Society . Dallas supported Van Buren's bid for another term in the 1844 presidential election , but James K. Polk won the party's presidential nomination. The 1844 Democratic National Convention nominated Dallas as Polk's running mate, and Polk and Dallas defeated

2378-604: The practice of law, was attorney general of Pennsylvania from 1833 to 1835, was initiated to the Scottish Rite Freemasonry at the Franklin Lodge #134, Pennsylvania, and served as the Grand Master of Freemasons in Pennsylvania in 1835. He was appointed by President Martin Van Buren as Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary to Russia from 1837 to 1839, when he was recalled at his own request. Dallas

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2436-466: The presidency in the 1848 election , as Polk had promised to serve only one term. However, Dallas' reluctant vote to lower a tariff destroyed much of his base in Pennsylvania, and Dallas' advocacy of popular sovereignty on the question of slavery strengthened opposition against him. In 1856, Franklin Pierce appointed Dallas minister to Great Britain, and he served in that post from February 4, 1856, until

2494-452: The presidency in the 1848 election, as Polk had promised to serve only one term. However, Dallas' reluctant vote to lower a tariff destroyed much of his base in Pennsylvania, and his advocacy of popular sovereignty on the question of slavery strengthened opposition against him. Dallas determined that he would use his vice-presidential position to advance two of the administration's major objectives: tariff reduction and territorial expansion. As

2552-417: The respect of the president and certain party leaders—and possible votes in 1848 from the southern and western states that supported low tariffs—it effectively demolished his home state political base, ending any serious prospects for future elective office. Dallas was influential as the presiding officer of the Senate, where he worked to support Polk's agenda and cast several tie-breaking votes. He called for

2610-671: The society and designed by Samuel Vaughan in the Federal style . A third floor was added in 1890 to accommodate the expanding library, but was removed in 1948–1950, when the building was restored to its original appearance for the creation of Independence National Historical Park . In 2001, it was opened to the public as The American Philosophical Society Museum, hosting revolving, thematic exhibitions that explore intersections of history, art, and science. The museum features works of art, scientific instruments, original manuscripts, rare books, natural history specimens, and curiosities of all kinds from

2668-859: The society supports a variety of disciplines in the humanities and the sciences. The American Philosophical Society was founded as the Philosophical Society in 1743 by Benjamin Franklin , James Alexander , Francis Hopkinson , John Bartram , Philip Syng Jr. , and others as an offshoot of an earlier club, the Junto . Early members included: Benjamin Franklin , John Dickinson , George Washington , John Adams , Thomas Jefferson , Alexander Hamilton , James McHenry , Thomas Paine , David Rittenhouse , Peter Stephen Du Ponceau , Nicholas Biddle , Owen Biddle , Benjamin Rush , James Madison , Michael Hillegas , John Marshall , Charles Pettit , and John Andrews . It

2726-637: The society's headquarters and a museum, is located just east of Independence Hall in Independence National Historical Park . In 1965, in recognition of the building's history, it was designated a National Historic Landmark . The society has about 1,000 elected members. As of April 2020, 5,710 members had been inducted since its creation. Through research grants, published journals, the American Philosophical Society Museum, an extensive library, and regular meetings,

2784-829: The society. Many members of the Society of the Cincinnati were among the APS's first board members and contributors; the APS and SOC still maintain an informal, collegial relationship. Membership of the APS "honors extraordinary accomplishments in all fields." It has about 1,000 elected members, comprising about 840 "resident" members (United States citizens or those working or living in the United States) and about 160 "international" members. As of April 2020 it had elected 5,710 members since its foundation. Over that history, 208 members have been from Harvard University , 115 from Princeton University , 88 from Stanford University , and 84 from

2842-531: The tariff issue, actively lobbying senators during the debate over Treasury Secretary Walker's tariff bill in the summer of 1846. He complained to his wife (whom he sometimes addressed as "Mrs. Vice") that the Senate speeches on the subject were "as vapid as inexhaustible ... All sorts of ridiculous efforts are making, by letters, newspaper-paragraphs, and personal visits, to affect the Vice's casting vote, by persuasion or threat." Despite Dallas' efforts to avoid taking

2900-452: The unexpired term of the previous senator who had resigned. Dallas served less than fifteen months—from 13 December 1831 to 3 March 1833. He was chairman of the Committee on Naval Affairs. Dallas declined to seek re-election, in part due to a fight over the Second Bank of the United States , and in part because his wife did not want to leave Philadelphia for Washington. Dallas resumed

2958-423: Was admitted to the bar in 1813. As a new graduate, Dallas had little enthusiasm for legal practice; he wanted to fight in the War of 1812 , a plan that he dropped due to his father's objection. Just after this, Dallas accepted an offer to be the private secretary of Albert Gallatin , and he went to Russia with Gallatin who was sent there to try to secure its aid in peace negotiations between Great Britain and

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3016-482: Was also in Dallastown. It provided Catholic education to students in grades Pre-K to 6. It is now closed. Dallastown Area Senior High School has the longest hallway in a school in Pennsylvania, almost 1/3 of a mile (1,760 feet (540 meters). George M. Dallas George Mifflin Dallas (July 10, 1792 – December 31, 1864) was an American politician and diplomat who served as mayor of Philadelphia from 1828 to 1829,

3074-592: Was born in Philadelphia on July 10, 1792, to Alexander James Dallas and Arabella Maria Smith Dallas. His father, of Scottish descent, born in Kingston , Jamaica, to Dr. Robert Dallas and educated in Edinburgh , was the Secretary of the Treasury under United States President James Madison , and was also briefly the Secretary of War . Dr Dallas left Jamaica in 1764, having mortgaged his estate, Dallas Castle, and put it in

3132-724: Was built in the 1820s. Following the American Revolutionary War , the society looked for leadership to Francis Hopkinson , one of the signatories of the United States Declaration of Independence . Under his influence, the society received land from the government of Pennsylvania, along with a plot of land in Philadelphia, where Philosophical Hall now stands. Charles Darwin , Robert Frost , Louis Pasteur , Elizabeth Cabot Agassiz , John James Audubon , Linus Pauling , Margaret Mead , Woodrow Wilson , Maria Mitchell , and Thomas Edison were all prominent members of

3190-448: Was committed to advancing two major objectives: tariff reduction and territorial expansion. He had traditionally supported the protectionist tariff policy that his state's coal and iron interests demanded, but he agreed to do anything necessary to realize the goal of tariff reduction. Dallas equated the vice president's constitutional power to break tied votes in the Senate with the president's constitutional power to veto acts of Congress. At

3248-561: Was common at the time for intellectual societies to invite members from around the world, where the society recruited members from other countries, including Alexander von Humboldt , the Marquis de Lafayette , Baron von Steuben , Tadeusz Kościuszko , and Princess Dashkova . The society lapsed into inactivity by 1746, but was revived in 1767. On January 2, 1769, the society united with the American Society for Promoting Useful Knowledge under

3306-576: Was offered the role of Attorney General, but declined, and resumed his legal practice. In the lead-up to the 1844 presidential election , Dallas worked to help Van Buren win the Democratic nomination over Dallas' fellow Pennsylvanian, James Buchanan . At the May 1844 Democratic National Convention in Baltimore , James K. Polk and Silas Wright were nominated as the Democratic ticket. However, Wright declined

3364-422: Was supreme, that an energetic national government should exist that would implement protective tariffs, a powerful central banking system, and undertake internal improvements to the country in order to facilitate national commerce. The other faction was called the "Amalgamators", headed by the future President James Buchanan . Voters elected Dallas mayor of Philadelphia as the candidate of the Family party, after

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