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64-576: Dalian Shipbuilding Industry Company ( DSIC ), located in Dalian , Liaoning province, China . It is part of China Shipbuilding Industry Corporation (CSIC), which has since been merged into China State Shipbuilding Corporation to form China's largest shipbuilding company. Dalian Shipbuilding Industry Company (DSIC) was formed in December 2005, as the result of a merger between Dalian Shipbuilding Industry Company and Dalian New Shipbuilding Industry Company, and

128-749: A monsoon -influenced humid continental climate ( Köppen Dwa ), characterized by warm wet summers due to the East Asian monsoon , and cold, windy, dry winters that reflect the influence of the vast Siberian anticyclone . Except for winter, the city experiences a one-month seasonal lag due to its position on the Liaodong Peninsula. The monthly 24-hour average temperature ranges from −3.3 °C (26.1 °F) in January to 24.8 °C (76.6 °F) in August. Annual precipitation averages 580 millimeters (22.8 in) but

192-579: A Large-Port Metropolis. Dalian is one of the top 40 science cities in the world by scientific research as tracked by the Nature Index , ranking 37th globally in 2023. The city is home to several major universities , notably Dalian University of Technology and Dalian Maritime University , members of China's prestigious universities in the Project 211 , and the Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics of

256-656: A lease of the area from the Qing dynasty in 1898 and called it Dalny ( Russian : Дальний , romanized :  Dal'nij — "a remote one" or "far-away", in reference to the town's location, rendered in Chinese as 達里尼 ; 达里尼 ; Dálǐní ) from 1898 to 1905. After the Russo-Japanese War of 1904–1905, Japan occupied the area as the Kwantung Leased Territory and renamed the city Dairen ( Japanese : 大連/だいれん ) after

320-600: A response to the 2008 Tibetan anti-Chinese protests , and forced the temporary closure of the local Carrefour store. In 2010 one of the worst recorded oil-spills in China's history occurred in Dalian. The Dalian PX protest occurred on 14 August 2011. In June 2014, China's tenth state-level new area , the Dalian Jinpu New Area was officially established. On 5 August 2016, the Dalian huabiao incident occurred. A huabiao in

384-424: A roster of world cities, then ranks these based on their connectivity through four "advanced producer services": accountancy, advertising, banking/finance, and law. The GaWC inventory ranks city economics more heavily than political or cultural factors. Beyond the categories of "Alpha" world cities (with four sub-categories), "Beta" world cities (three sub-categories), and "Gamma" world cities (three sub-categories),

448-516: A semiconductor fabrication facility (commonly known as a fab) in the Development Zone, Dalian. It is Intel's first fab to be built at an entirely new site since 1992. The facility began operation in October 2010. Dalian also houses auto-manufacturing plants for Chery , Dongfeng Nissan Passenger Vehicle Company, and BYD Automobile (a production base for BYD K9 electric buses ). Other zones in

512-446: A total of 3,400,000 square meters of land and owns 15,000 employees. Its revenue in 2006 exceeded CN¥ 10,000,000,000 which puts itself as the No. 1 shipbuilding company in China, exceeding Shanghai Waigaoqiao Shipbuilding Industry Company . Dalian Shipbuilding Industry Company has a history of more than 100 years. Dalian Dalian ( / d ɑː ˈ l j ɛ n / dah- LYEN )

576-631: Is a think tank that studies the relationships between world cities in the context of globalization . It is based in the geography department of Loughborough University in Leicestershire , United Kingdom . GaWC was founded by Peter J. Taylor in 1998. Together with Jon Beaverstock and Richard G. Smith , they create the GaWC's biennial categorization of world cities into "Alpha", "Beta" and "Gamma" tiers, based upon their international connectedness. The GaWC examines cities worldwide to narrow them down to

640-506: Is a major sub-provincial port city in Liaoning province , People's Republic of China , and is Liaoning's second largest city (after the provincial capital Shenyang ) and the third-most populous city of Northeast China (after Shenyang and Harbin ). Located on the southern tip of the Liaodong peninsula , it is the southernmost city in both Liaoning and the entire Northeast. Dalian borders

704-525: Is a newer port called Dayaowan Port ( Chinese : 大窑湾港 ; pinyin : Dàyáowān Gǎng ), on Dagushan ( 大孤山 ; Dàgūshān ) Peninsula in the northern suburbs, specializing in import-export of mining and oil products. Together with the Dalian Railway Station , Dalian North Railway Station , Dalian International Airport and two major express roads to Shenyang ( Shenda Expressway ), Changchun ( Changda Expressway ), Harbin ( Hada Expressway ) in

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768-469: Is a popular destination among domestic tourists and foreign visitors, especially from Japan, South Korea and Russia. Its mild climate and multiple beaches as well as its importance in the modern history of China have attracted tourists. Some of the most famous beaches are Jinshitan Golden Coast ( 金石滩黄金海岸 ) beach, Fujiazhuang ( 付家庄 ) beach, Bangchuidao ( 棒棰岛 ) beach, Xinghai Park ( 星海公园 ) beach, Xinghai Bay ( 星海湾 ) beach, and Xiajiahezi ( 夏家河子 ) beach. In 2007, it

832-662: Is heavily concentrated in the summer months and can vary greatly from year to year. Due to the coastal location, the mean diurnal temperature variation annually is small, at 6.66 °C (12.0 °F). The monthly percent of possible sunshine ranges from 45% in July to 66% in March, with 2,625 hours of bright sunshine annually. The annual mean temperature is 11.6 °C (52.9 °F). Extremes since 1951 have ranged from −21.1 °C (−6 °F) on 4 January 1970 to 36.6 °C (98 °F) on 14 July 2015. See or edit raw graph data . Dalian

896-570: Is located on Korea Bay north of the Yellow Sea and roughly in the middle of the Liaodong peninsula at its narrowest neck or isthmus . With a coastline of 1,906 km (1,184 mi), it governs the majority of the Liaodong Peninsula and about 260 surrounding islands and reefs. It is seated at south-south-west of the Yalu River , and its harbor entrance forms a sub-bay known as Dalian Bay . Dalian has

960-617: Is now called Bank of Dalian , which among other things handles processing of the Dalian Mingzhu IC Card for public transportation . Bank of Dalian has opened branches in Beijing , Shanghai and Shenyang , among five other cities. Founded in 1993, Dalian Commodity Exchange (DCE) is the only futures exchange in Northeast China. The futures industry leaped forward in its development. Among its 19 listed futures products approved by

1024-689: Is the largest shipbuilding company in China. It is owned by: which is one of the two state-owned enterprises that came into being under the directive of the China State Council of 1999, the other being: While the former corporation is listed on the Shanghai Stock Exchange , the latter is not (yet) listed. Separately, the People's Liberation Army Navy owns military ship yards, such as in Lushun , Dalian, Liaoning. DSIC located on two shipyards with

1088-541: Is the second largest city of Liaoning province, after Shenyang , the provincial capital. The city of Dalian is governed by the Dalian Municipal People's Government. The municipal government is located in the main building on the north side of People's Square on Zhongshan Road , originally built as the Administrative Office of Kwantung Leased Territory , and other buildings in downtown Dalian. There are

1152-668: The China Securities Regulatory Commission (CSRC) are corn, corn starch, soybeans, soybean meal, soybean oil, RBD palm olein, polished round-grained rice, linear low-density polyethylene (LLDPE), polyvinyl chloride (PVC), polypropylene (PP), ethylene glycol (EG), ethenylbenzene (EB), metallurgical coke, coking coal, iron ore, egg, fiberboard and blockboard. 3 options are also listed for trading, which includes soybean meal, corn and iron ore options. In 2019, DCE achieved 1,331 million lots and RMB 68.92 trillion respectively in trading volume and turnover. According to

1216-465: The Chinese Academy of Sciences . Modern Dalian originated from Qingniwa (traditional Chinese: 青泥窪 ; simplified Chinese: 青泥洼 ; pinyin: Qīngníwā ; lit. ' green/blue mud swamp') or Qingniwaqiao ( 青泥窪橋 ; 青泥洼桥 ; Qīngníwāqiáo ; 'bridge over the green/blue mud swamp'), a small Chinese fishing village. The Russian Empire built a commercial town after coercing

1280-993: The Futures Industry Association (FIA) of the U.S., DCE was 11th largest exchange in the world by trading volume in 2019. Since the 1990s, Dalian has emphasized the development of the IT industry, especially in Dalian Hi-Tech Zone and Dalian Software Park in the western suburbs near Dalian University of Technology . Dalian High-Tech Zone is the base of high-tech industries, housing more than 4,700 enterprises, including 80 Fortune Global 500 companies. Not only Chinese IT companies, such as DHC , Hisoft and Neusoft Group , but also American, European, Indian and Japanese IT companies are located there, including Wipro , Infosys , IBM , Dell , HP , Ericsson , Panasonic , Sony , Accenture , Oracle , Hitachi and Cisco . Nine professional business incubators are also located in

1344-481: The Kwantung Leased Territory or Guandongzhou ( 關東州 ), on roughly the southern half (Jinzhou District and south) of present-day Dalian. Japanese invested heavily in the region, which became the main trading port between Manchuria and Japan. Japan leased the area from Manchukuo after establishing that puppet state in 1932. In 1937, as the Second Sino-Japanese War began, Japan enlarged and modernized

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1408-463: The National Bureau of Statistics , Dalian ranks eighth among Chinese cities in terms of overall strength. The city's main industries include machine manufacturing, petrochemicals and oil refining, and electronics. Dalian was originally an agriculture and aquaculture-based area, which, after the opening of the ferry between Yantai and Lüshun during the early 20th century, began to be populated by

1472-676: The Pavlov Agreement (1898) with China, which granted Russia a 25-year lease on Dalian and Lüshun and exclusive right to build a branch of the Chinese Eastern Railway—what would become from 1905 the Japanese-operated South Manchurian Railway . Russia spent more than 10 million golden rubles (equivalent to 11.5 billion of today's rubles ) building the new ice-free port city. Russia heavily fortified both Dalniy (Qingniwaqiao of Zhongshan District) and

1536-682: The Treaty of Shimonoseki (17 April 1895). In the Triple Intervention of 23 April 1895, Russia, France and Germany forced Japan to return the Liaodong Peninsula to China, despite the treaty's terms; instead the Russian Empire coerced a lease of the peninsula from the Qing dynasty in 1898. Russia had a particular interest in the region of the peninsula as one of the few areas in the region that had

1600-614: The prefectural cities of Yingkou and Anshan to the north and Dandong to the northeast, and also shares maritime boundaries with Qinhuangdao and Huludao across the Liaodong Bay to west and northwest, Yantai and Weihai on the Shandong peninsula across the Bohai Strait to the south, and North Korea across the Korea Bay to the east. As of the 2020 census, its total population

1664-470: The 2010 census totaled 6.69 million. The total registered population on household at year end 2014 was 5.943 million, with a net increase of 29,000 over the previous year. The city has had a continuous annual double-digit percentage increase in GDP since 1992. In 2014, the city's GDP registered a 5.8% increase, reaching RMB 765.56 billion, while per capita GDP hit RMB 109,939. According to a nationwide appraisal by

1728-459: The Chinese name for Dalian Bay (simplified Chinese: 大连湾 ; traditional Chinese: 大連灣 ; pinyin: Dàlián Wān ) — a name in use since at least 1879. English-language sources called the city Dairen in this period (1905–1945), from Japanese. In 1950, Dalian, back in Chinese control, merged with the nearby town called Lüshun (traditional Chinese: 旅順 ; simplified Chinese: 旅顺 ; formerly Ryojun and before that, Port Arthur) to form

1792-592: The Commerce, Foreign Economy & Trade, Health, Information Industry, Police, Religion, Science & Technology, Transportation and other city-level bureaus, which work closely with the corresponding agencies at the district level. There are, in addition, 4 national leading open zones ( 对外开放先导区 ): (see Administrative divisions of the People's Republic of China ) The city administers 7 districts , 2 county-level cities , and 1 county : The population of Dalian according to

1856-544: The Dalian Municipal Government for its outstanding contribution to the protection of the environment. The average content of the four pollutants in the air reached Class II of National Ambient Air Quality Standards and there were 353 days with Air Pollution Index (API) over Class II (Good), including 108 excellent days with Class I (Superior). Dalian frequently ranks Grade 2 for air pollution according to State Environmental Protection Administration . However,

1920-611: The Dalian region, then under the jurisdiction of Liaodong county. During the Sixteen Kingdoms era (3rd through 5th centuries), the Korean kingdom of Goguryeo controlled this region. In the early Tang dynasty (618–907), the Dalian region formed part of Andong Prefecture in Jili state; during the Liao dynasty (916–1125), it was a part of Dong Jing Tong Liaoyang county. Dalian was named Sanshan in

1984-648: The GaWC cities include additional cities at "High sufficiency" and "Sufficiency" level. GaWC published city classifications in 1998, 2000, 2004, 2008, 2010, 2012, 2016, 2018, 2020, 2022 and 2024. The 2004 rankings added several new indicators while continuing to rank city economics more heavily than political or cultural factors. The 2008 roster, similar to the 1998 version, is sorted into categories of Alpha world cities (with four sub-categories), Beta world cities (three sub-categories), Gamma world cities (three sub-categories), and additional cities with High sufficiency or Sufficiency presence. The list has been prone to change in

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2048-524: The Liaodong Peninsula became a major battleground. Major-General Baron Anatoly Stoessel defended a besieged Port Arthur , for five months (August 1904 to January 1905), but the Japanese army, using long-distance fire, sank several Russian ships at the Port Arthur naval base in early December 1904. Admiral Eugene Alexeyeff was blamed for splitting precious resources shipped 8,000 km (5,000 mi) across

2112-595: The Port Arthur naval base (Lüshunkou) before and after the Boxer Rebellion of 1899–1901. During the insurrection, missionaries and converts were killed by rebels in the peninsula, although the massive massacres of ethnic Chinese Christians including Metrophanes, Chi Sung occurred at Harbin . Western expeditionary forces suppressed the Boxers across the Yellow Sea in Shandong . During the Russo-Japanese War of 1904–1905,

2176-412: The airport. Despite being in a period of economic and industrial growth, Dalian has placed an emphasis on environmental protection. Dalian's ecological restoration and protection efforts are ongoing and expanding. In 2021, Dalian set a five-year-plan for the marine environment that included targets for conserving populations of the endangered black-faced spoonbill . In 2019, 49 nests were built for

2240-700: The area's Chinese name had always been Lüshun . Although China heavily fortified the area, in which it allowed trade with foreigners, in the First Sino-Japanese War Japan swiftly overcame those defenses on 21 November 1894 in the Battle of Lüshunkou , committing the Port Arthur massacre afterwards. In April 1895 China conceded defeat in the First Sino-Japanese War, ceding Liaodong Peninsula , Taiwan and Penghu , and making many other concessions in

2304-566: The area, including the Hi-tech Business Incubator, animation and software incubators, with over 400 companies incubated. Currently, the " Lüshun South Road Software Industry Belt" Plan is proceeding, including Dalian Software Park Phase 3. Intel 's Fab 68 is located in Dalian. The plan was announced on 26 March 2007, and operations started on 26 October 2010. It is Intel's first chip-manufacturing fabrication in East Asia . Dalian

2368-614: The black-faced spoonbill on nearby uninhabited islands. There has also been conservation and rescue efforts targeting spotted seal populations. Dalian also maintains the National Spotted Seal Nature Reserve within Lioadong Bay. This reserve is home to a spotted seal population and is a breeding ground for multiple marine species. In 2001, the United Nations Environment Programme awarded

2432-553: The center of Xinghai Square was demolished, which was believed to be out of political reasons related to the downfall of Chinese politician Bo Xilai , who oversaw the construction of Xinghai Square and the central huabiao during his tenure as the mayor of Dalian. The site of the huabiao was later replaced with a musical fountain, the largest one in Northeast China . One of the most heavily developed industrial areas of China, Dalian municipal area today consists of Dalian proper and

2496-515: The city include the Dalian Economic and Technological Development Zone , Dalian Export Processing Zone, Dalian Free Trade Zone, and Dalian Hi-Tech Industrial Zone . Dalian is the financial center of Northeast China . There are the Dalian branches of China's five major banks: Bank of China , Industrial & Commercial Bank of China , China Construction Bank , Bank of Communications , and Agricultural Bank of China . Dalian City Commercial Bank

2560-589: The city of Lüda ( 旅大 ; Lǚdà ), a name (formed from the first syllable of each constituent's name) which was usually rendered as Luta in English during that era. In 1981, the Chinese State Council again renamed the city from Lüda back to Dalian ( 大連 ; 大连 ; Dàlián ), effective 5 March 1981. In the Qin and Han periods (221 BC – AD 220), the Chinese state expanded its territories into northern Korea through

2624-805: The city's many traffic circles. He also preserved much of Dalian's Japanese and Russian architectural heritage. He also worked as the former Minister of Commerce of China. Since 2007 Dalian has hosted the Annual Meeting of the New Champions ("Summer Davos"), organized by the World Economic Forum , in alternating years with Tianjin . The venue for the forum is the Dalian International Conference Center in Donggang CBD. In 2008 about 1,000 people protested and blocked traffic as

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2688-519: The environmental effects of economic growth are of concern, according to Dalian Environmental Protection Agency, during the first half of 2011, respirable particles in the air increased significantly, with an average 40% higher than 2010. The water quality of offshore marine space remained stable overall. The annual average content of monitoring indicators for water quality met Class-II of the National Seawater Quality Standard, with

2752-577: The exception of Inorganic Nitrogen in Dalian Bay and the city's southern coast. The water quality of drinking water sources is considered good and complies with Class-III of Environmental Quality Standards for Surface Water. Recent events have had a major environmental impact on the city. In July 2010, the explosion of two petroleum pipelines released 11,000 barrels of oil into the Yellow Sea , according to official statements. Rick Steiner, an American marine conservationist working with Greenpeace , says that

2816-518: The farmers and fishers of Shandong , across the Yellow Sea during the Chuang Guandong era. Even before and during the Second Sino-Japanese War , the shipbuilding and locomotives industries were located in the city such as the companies which later became Dalian Shipbuilding Industry Company and Dalian Locomotive & Rolling Stock Works (DLoco) . After the WWII, Dalian became an important center of

2880-405: The figure could be upwards of 400,000. It was reported as the largest oil spill to occur in China, and involved 2,000 firefighters. The oil spill stretched for at least 50 square kilometers (19 sq mi). 800 fishing boats were mobilized for the cleanup. The incident caused President Hu Jintao and Premier Wen Jiabao to intervene, and Vice Premier Zhang Dejiang moved in to help direct

2944-470: The global economy: Alpha + are "other highly integrated cities that complement London and New York, largely filling in advanced service needs for the Pacific/Asia [region]": Beta level cities are cities that link moderate economic regions to the world economy and are classified into three sections: Beta +, Beta, and Beta − cities. Gamma level cities are cities that link smaller economic regions into

3008-619: The heavy and light industries, including companies such as Dalian Heavy Industry Co., Dalian Chemical Group, and Wafangdian Bearing Co.; and of the distribution industry, such as the Dashang Group . Dalian Port is an important port for international trade. It has established trading and shipping links with more than 300 ports in 160 countries and regions of the world. There are over 100 international and domestic container shipping routes. A harbor for oil tankers (the largest by tonnage in China), at

3072-642: The north and to Dandong to the east, Dalian has been an important distribution center. Dalian has been given many benefits by the Chinese government, including the title of "open-city" (1984), which allows it to receive considerable foreign investment (see Special Economic Zone ). The Development Zone was established in Jinzhou District, to which many Japanese companies, such as Canon , Mitsubishi Electric , Nidec , Sanyo Electric and Toshiba , followed by South Korean, American and European companies (such as Pfizer ). In 2007, Intel announced plans to build

3136-476: The northern coast of Dalian Bay became the small town of Qingniwa ( 青泥洼 ) or Qingniwaqiao ( 青泥洼桥 ), near what became the downtown core of modern-day Dalian. The British briefly occupied Qingniwa during the Second Opium War in 1858, but returned it to Chinese (Qing) control in 1860. Port Arthur at the tip of the Liaodong Peninsula took its English name from Royal Navy Lieutenant William Arthur , though

3200-633: The original Port Arthur, now the city's Lüshunkou district . In 2016, Dalian ranked 48th in the Global Financial Centres Index . In 2012, Dalian ranked 82nd in the Global City Competitiveness Index . In 2006, Dalian was named China's most livable city by China Daily . It is now a " Beta - Global City " according to the Globalization and World Cities Research Network . The large amount of port traffic makes Dalian

3264-429: The period of Wei Jin (220–420), San Shanpu in the Tang dynasty (618–907), Sanshan Seaport in the Ming dynasty (1368–1644), and Qingniwakou during the Qing dynasty (1644–1911). In the 1880s, Jinzhou, the north of downtown Dalian, now Jinzhou District , was a walled town and a center for political intrigue and economic activity. The Qing government built bridges and heavily fortified the peninsula. Mining camps on

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3328-406: The potential to develop ice-free ports . The Russians built a modern commercial port city, which they wanted to become the Paris of the Far East, and called it Dal'niy (Russian: Дальний ). Linked by 1902 with the Trans-Siberian Railway via the branch line Chinese Eastern Railway through Harbin , Dal'niy became Russia's primary port-city in Asia while also serving Western traders. Russia signed

3392-429: The ranks. For example, some cities that were selected prior to 2018, such as the United States cities of Greensboro and Providence , are no longer classified as sufficient level. The classification results for 2020 are derived from the activities of 175 leading firms providing advanced producer services across 802 cities worldwide. The results should be interpreted as indicating the importance of cities as nodes in

3456-408: The rescue work. A researcher with the China Environmental Science Research Institute, said that "the impact on marine life and on humans – as the pollution enters the food chain – could last 10 years." This has compounded aquatic pollution, affecting the city's fishing industry. Globalization and World Cities Research Network The Globalization and World Cities Research Network ( GaWC )

3520-504: The single tracked Trans-Siberian Railway and Manchurian Railway between Dalniy and Port Arthur. After the Imperial Japanese Navy crippled the remaining Russian battleship Sevastopol in three weeks of constant attacks, and explosives detonated in tunnels destroyed Port Arthur's remaining defenses in the final days of 1904, Russia negotiated a ceasefire and surrendered Port Arthur in January 1905. The Treaty of Portsmouth (signed 5 September 1905) ceded Port Arthur to Japan, which set up

3584-440: The smaller Lüshunkou (formerly Lüshun city, known in Western and Russian historic references as Port Arthur), about forty nautical miles (74 kilometers; 46 miles) farther along the Liaodong Peninsula . Historical references note that the Russian designed city of Dalniy (Alt. Dalney), on the south side of Dalian Bay was 40 kilometers (25 miles) from Port Arthur/Lüshun (known today as Lüshunkou or literally, Lüshun Port). Dalian

3648-474: The terminus of an oil pipeline from the Daqing oilfields , was completed in 1976. Dalian is the 6th largest port in China; and according to AAPA world port ranking data, Dalian is the 8th busiest port in the world by cargo tonnage in 2012, and the 12th busiest container port in the world by total number of TEUs handled in 2013. Accordingly, Dalian is a major center for oil refineries , diesel engineering, and chemical production. Also completed in 1993

3712-399: The trade zone as two cities: the northern Dairen (Dalian) and the southern Ryojun (Lüshun or Port Arthur). With the unconditional surrender of Japan in August–September 1945, Dairen passed to the Soviets , whose Manchurian Strategic Offensive Operation had liberated the city on 22 August 1945. The Soviets and Chinese Communists cooperated to develop the city, relatively undamaged during

3776-430: The war, especially its industrial infrastructure and the port. The Soviet government rented the port and in 1945 the first Chinese Communist mayor of the new Lüda Administrative Office ( 旅大行政公署 ) was appointed. In 1950 the USSR presented the city to the Chinese Communist government without any compensation. Dalian and Lüshun (former Port Arthur) merged as Lüda on 1 December 1950. From 12 March 1953 to 1 August 1954 it

3840-542: The world city network (i.e. enabling corporate globalization). The cities in the 2024 classification are as follows, listed in alphabetical order per section: ( [REDACTED] 1) or ( [REDACTED] 1) indicates a city moved one category up or down since the 2022 classification. Alpha level cities are linked to major economic states/regions and highly integrated into the world economy. Alpha level cities are classified into four sections: Alpha ++, Alpha +, Alpha, and Alpha − cities. Alpha ++ cities are cities most integrated with

3904-577: Was 7,450,785 inhabitants whom 5,106,719 lived in the built-up (or metro) area made of 6 out of 7 urban districts, Pulandian District not being conurbated yet. Today, Dalian is a financial, shipping, and logistics center for East Asia . The city has a significant history of use by foreign powers for its ports. Dalian was previously known as " Dalniy " ( Russian : Дальний ; Dal'nii ), " Dairen " ( Japanese : 大連 ), and "Lüda" or "Luta" (Chinese: 旅大 ; pinyin: Lǚdà ). The city used to be better known as "Port Arthur" and "Ryojun" (Japanese: 旅順 ) from

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3968-413: Was a direct-controlled municipality and not part of Liaoning. Soviet troops left the city in 1955. After the Soviets left, the PRC made Lüda a major shipbuilding center. In 1981 the city was renamed Dalian, with Lüshunkou becoming a constituent district. In 1984 the Chinese Government designated the city a Special Economic Zone . At the time, Dalian was China's largest foreign-trade port. The city

4032-804: Was one of the three cities named "China's best tourist city", along with Hangzhou and Chengdu , recognized by the National Tourism Administration and the United Nations World Tourism Organization . There are various hot spring hotels in Dalian. Notable ones include Laotieshan Hot Spring Hotel in Lüshunkou District, Tang Dynasty Hot Spring Resort in Jinshitan, Minghu Hot Spring Hotel in Wafangdian, Chengyuan Hot Spring Villa in Ganjingzi District, and Tianmu Hot Spring Hotel in Lüshunkou District. Skiing has become increasingly popular in Dalian. Famous ski resorts are Linhai Ski Resort in Ganjingzi District, Anbo Ski Resort in Pulandian District, Minghu Ski Resort & Minghu International Skiing Holiday Village in Wafangdian, and Dalian Happy Snow World in Ganjingzi District near

4096-403: Was upgraded from a prefecture-level city to a sub-provincial city in May 1994, with no change in its administrative subdivisions. In the 1990s the city benefited from the attention of Bo Xilai (later Party secretary of Chongqing ). Bo served both as the mayor of the city and as one of the major leaders in the province; among other things, he banned motorcycles and planted large, lush parks in

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