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42-535: Nils Dacke and his peasants were dissatisfied with the policies of the Swedish king Gustav Vasa . In his effort to modernize Sweden and gain more power, the king had instituted a more efficient system for tax collection. The heavy tax burden angered many peasants. Gustav Vasa had also broken relations with Rome and promoted Lutheranism instead of Catholicism ; as part of the Swedish Reformation, properties of

84-566: A blockade of supplies, before finally being defeated by larger forces attacking from both Västergötland and Östergötland. He famously defended Kronoberg Castle (now ruined) but was shot while trying to escape to then Danish-ruled Blekinge. A portion of Småland called the Kingdom of Crystal is known for its many glassworks and can be traced back to the 18th century. During the 17th and 18 Century Småland saw Christian revival break out, leading to an increase of entrepreneurship, church building and

126-478: A higher level of religious intensity and church participation. In terms of Lutheran ecclesiastical boundaries, most of the province encompasses the diocese of Växjö . Parts of northern Småland are in the diocese of Linköping . Småland is known for its free church congregations in Jönköping County. Most of Kalmar County and Kronoberg County have few or no free church congregations. Politically Småland

168-472: A rampant red lion carrying a crossbow, all on a golden background. The arms may be surmounted by a ducal coronet. The blazon in English would be, "Or, a lion rampant gules, langued and armed azure, holding in its front paws a crossbow of the second, bowed and stringed Sable with a bolt argent." The population of Småland was 780,389 as of 31 December 2023. The land is dominated by a forested high plain in which

210-622: Is Tomtabacken , at 377 metres (1,237 ft). In terms of total area, Småland is similar in size to Belgium and Israel . Whilst the traditional provinces of Sweden no longer serve any governmental purpose per se , they do retain historical and cultural importance. The province of Småland today is divided almost entirely into the three administrative counties of Jönköping , Kalmar , and Kronoberg . Some few small portions of historic Småland are situated in Halland and Östergötland Counties . The current coat of arms, granted in 1569, displays

252-511: Is a historical province ( landskap ) in southern Sweden . Småland borders Blekinge , Scania , Halland , Västergötland , Östergötland and the island Öland in the Baltic Sea . The name Småland literally means "small lands", referring to many small historic provinces from which it was composed. The Latinized form Smolandia has been used in other languages. The highest point in Småland

294-513: Is a local political party in the township of Gnosjö . M/S Nils Dacke  [ sv ] is a vessel, owned by TT-Line serving the Trelleborg - Świnoujście route. Dacke , a made-for-television film, was released in 1961 by Swedish director and screenwriter Bengt Lagerkvist  [ sv ] . The asteroid 7217 Dacke is named after him. Sm%C3%A5land Småland ( Swedish pronunciation: [ˈsmǒːland] )

336-520: Is a series of flat surfaces built upon or deformed by a geological dome . The elevated terrain thought to be a buckle formed as result of far-away forces transmitted to Sweden. The main surfaces are the Sub-Cambrian peneplain , the South Småland peneplain and the "200 m peneplain". These surfaces and others are arranged in a stepped sequence called a piedmonttreppen . In eastern Småland,

378-446: Is from Älmhult, the founder of the global company IKEA . The name "Småland" is used as the name of the children's play areas at some IKEA stores. Småland is home to Linnaeus University , located in Växjö and Kalmar, and Jönköping University . The Swedish emigration to North America during the 19th century, is best depicted in a suite of novels by author Vilhelm Moberg , which is also

420-472: Is named Småland ("small lands") because it was an aggrupation of a dozen little (yet largely independent) territories: Kinda (today a part of Östergötland ), Tveta, Vista, Vedbo, Tjust , Sevede, Aspeland, Handbörd, Möre , Värend , Finnveden , and Njudung. Each "small land" had its own law in the Viking age and early Middle Ages and could declare itself neutral in wars that Sweden was involved in — at least if

462-728: Is the strongest province for Kristdemokraterna (the Swedish Christian Democratic Party) , and both of the last two leaders of the party - Göran Hägglund and Alf Svensson live in Jönköping Municipality in northern Småland. Carl Linnaeus (sw. Carl von Linné), (1707–1778), the botanist, often called the father of taxonomy or "The flower-king", was born in Älmhult in Småland. He gave the twinflower its Latin name based on his own ( Latin: Linnaea borealis ), because of his particular fondness of it. The flower has become Småland's provincial flower. Ingvar Kamprad

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504-481: The soil is mixed with sand and small boulders, making it barren in all but the coastal areas and unsuited for agriculture except in certain locations, most notably the Kalmar plains. The province is rich in lakes and bogs. The coast is marked by bays in the north (with an island archipelago offshore) and cultivated flatlands in the south. In total, cultivated land covers 14%, meadows cover 7%, and forests cover 50% of

546-511: The German threat. In the autumn of 1542, the king had to agree to a truce with Dacke. The king broke the ceasefire in January 1543 and sent a new and larger army into the rebellious area. His forces moved in from Östergötland and Västergötland . Royal propaganda had been spread to win over the population and turn them against Dacke. Dacke himself had become overconfident after earlier successes and met

588-532: The King had no army present at the parliamentary debate. Around 1350, during the reign of Magnus Eriksson , the first national law code was introduced in Sweden and the historic provinces lost much of their old autonomy. The city of Kalmar is one of the oldest cities of Sweden . In the medieval period it was the southernmost and the third largest city in Sweden, when it was a center for export of iron, which, in many cases,

630-575: The Sub-Cambrian peneplain dips gently to the sea. To the West, this part of the Sub-Cambrian peneplain terminates along a north–south escarpment (running slightly to the east of Växjö ) that separates it from other flat surfaces. Central and northwestern Småland contains strings of isolated hills . The lakes and rivers of Småland are associated to zones of weak rock, either fractured , weathered , or both. The many lakes in Småland owe their existence to

672-525: The Swedish Royal Army in a pitched battle in March. The trained soldiers fighting on their own terms shattered the peasant army, and Dacke was severely injured. After this defeat, the rebellion was effectively over and Dacke became an outlaw . Dacke was shot during the summer of 1543 in the forests of the parish of Virserum. According to contemporary sources, he had been injured in both legs by hits from

714-567: The Swedish and Scandinavian all-time highest-measured temperature with 38 °C (100 °F) on 1 June 1947. The area was probably populated in the Stone Age from the south, by people moving along the coast up to Kalmar . Småland was populated by Stone Age peoples by at least 6000 BC, since the Alby People are known to have crossed the ice bridge across the Kalmar Strait at that time. It

756-464: The Younger  [ sv ] . He was defeated by Dacke's constantly growing army of peasants. Other attempts to defeat Dacke militarily also failed. Dacke and his army reached as far north as Mjölby at the fringes of the Östergötland plains ( Östgötaslätten  [ sv ] ) and enjoyed widespread support around Sommen and Ydre . Local aristocrat Måns Johansson ( Natt och Dag ) sided with

798-502: The annihilation of Dacke's entire family, but showed some leniency against those who had given themselves up. Dacke's wife, brother-in-law and other relatives were executed. His son was taken to prison in Stockholm where he either starved to death or died from the plague. Thus, the unity of the realm was restored. As a result of the war, the king was henceforth more careful when dealing with his subjects. The reliance on foreign mercenaries in

840-461: The area near Mörlunda containing various particularly narrow (<50 m) canyons. The climate of Småland is divided between the oceanic climate of coastal areas such as Kalmar and the humid continental climate of the interior higher areas such as Jönköping. Southern interior areas such as Växjö have similar oceanic climates such as the coastline. However, temperature average differences between areas are relatively small, since Småland lies in

882-618: The army was reduced in favour of soldiers of Swedish extraction (many of which were recruited in Småland), and this laid the foundation for Sweden's military successes in later wars. Nils Dacke is commonly perceived as a Småland freedom hero. His name is often linked to an independent streak in Småland. Statues in memory of him have been erected, including one in Virserum , where the final battle allegedly took place during 1543. The Nils Dacke party  [ sv ] ( Swedish : Nils Dacke-partiet )

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924-503: The basis for the musical Kristina from Duvemåla created by Benny Andersson and Björn Ulvaeus of ABBA fame. In her writing, children's book author Astrid Lindgren often portrayed scenes from her own childhood, growing up on a farm in Småland. In the 20th century, Småland has been known for its high level of entrepreneurship and low unemployment, especially in the Gnosjö region . Old Swedish encyclopedia Nordisk familjebok describes

966-500: The church (including land) were appropriated, under the laws of the Reduction of Gustav I of Sweden . In 1541 the king's men had confiscated many of the belongings of the churches in Småland , such as the church silver and even the church bells , to finance the army. Dacke criticized the new church order and promoted the old faith. He was also supported by many local priests . The rebellion

1008-459: The continental/oceanic transition zone. Summer daytime averages are similar throughout the province, since all three major urban areas are on average around 22 °C (72 °F) with daytime winter temperatures hovering around the freezing point. The slightly colder nights averaging −5 °C (23 °F) in Jönköping are in keeping with its continental classification. The locality of Målilla has

1050-606: The creation of basins through the stripping of an irregular mantle of weathered rock by glacial erosion . The Lagan and the Nissan drain western Småland, following for most of their courses zones of weak rock associated with the Protogine Zone . Rusken , Rymmen , and Möckeln lakes are aligned with a more eastern branch of the Protogine Zone. Canyons cut into the bedrock are common in central and northern Småland, with

1092-439: The head of a peasant army in 1523. He had established Sweden's independence from Denmark and made Protestantism the national religion. Småland found itself on the border between Sweden and Denmark and was hit hard by Vasa's ban on cross-border trade. In addition, the heavy handed way in which the church was reformed and the increasing tax burden led to much dissatisfaction among the poor peasants. Already in 1536, Nils Dacke

1134-509: The inhabitants of Småland as follows: A running joke local to Sweden, is that Smålandians are very economical, ranging from modestly frugal to utterly cheap . Ingvar Kamprad, founder of IKEA said that the Smålandians are seen as the Scotsmen of Sweden. The local language is a Swedish dialect known as Småländska ( Smalandian ). This may in turn be separated in two main branches, with

1176-633: The king despite having a troublesome relation to him. He was put in charge of an army to suppress the rebellion. Next, the Swedish government stopped all supplies of provisions and other necessities to the region. This weakened the rebellion considerably. Defaming propaganda about Dacke was also spread by the government, labeling him a traitor and a heretic. In March 1543 Gustav Vasa ordered his army of Swedish recruits and German landsknecht mercenaries to attack Småland. This time larger forces were deployed, and Dacke's forces were attacked from two directions – from Östergötland and Västergötland . The uprising

1218-529: The king's crossbows during the decisive battle a few months earlier, his forces had been routed, and he was likely trying to escape from the king's mercenaries. Dacke eventually fell in August 1543 at a farm in the parish of Gullabo in Södra Möre. Dacke was executed posthumously , quartered, and his limbs were sent for public display in larger communities that had supported him during the rebellion. Gustav Vasa ordered

1260-446: The king. Dacke himself was caught and killed in August 1543 when trying to escape the country. According to legend, his body was taken to Kalmar , where his head was publicly displayed wearing a crown of copper, as a warning to others. Unrest in Ydre continued well after the death of Dacke and ended only after Gustav Vasa sent a force of 400 men to pacify the hundred . The rebellion was

1302-484: The most serious threat to the rule of Gustav Vasa, but after having defeated it he managed to consolidate his power, concentrating more and more power in the hands of the monarch. In the Swedish language, the idiom "not since the Dacke War" is used to mean "not for a long time". This expression is especially common in the southern parts of Sweden but is also used elsewhere. Nils Dacke Nils Dacke (died 1543)

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1344-557: The northern related to the Götaland dialects and the southern to the Scanian dialects . For details, see: Districts of Småland After the unification of Sweden , around 800–1200 AD, Småland was for consistency divided into chartered cities and into hundreds . The historical sub-divisions of all Sweden's provinces were through hundreds ( Swedish: härad ). These were Småland's hundreds: List of towns in Småland, Sweden Football in

1386-402: The rugged forests and suffered heavy losses. Dacke had devised defensive tactics that allowed the peasants to use their steel crossbows with devastating effect. Dacke's successes helped spread the revolt over all the southern provinces of Sweden. The situation was so serious that the king was forced to sue for peace, and a one-year ceasefire was signed on 8 November. During the ceasefire, Dacke

1428-527: The sending out of missionaries all over the world. To this day, the people of Småland are affected by this activity. In the 19th century, Småland was afflicted by social and economic turbulence and poverty, and it had substantial emigration to North America . 4,300 Swedish emigrants were recruited to settle in Stamford, Texas , by the family network of the first Swedish emigrant to Texas, Swante M. Swenson , who came from Jönköping . The furniture company IKEA

1470-513: The surface of the province. Other than lacking deep valleys, the landscape is similar to the Norrland terrain found further north in Sweden. The largest towns are Jönköping in the north-west, Växjö in the south, and Kalmar on the east coast near Öland Island. Småland comprises the central, eastern, and southern parts of the South Swedish highlands . In detail, the topography of Småland

1512-448: Was a Swedish yeoman who was the leader of a mid-16th century peasant revolt in the historic province of Småland in southern Sweden. The resulting Dacke War ( Swedish : Dackefejden ) was fought against King Gustav I of Sweden of the Vasa family . It was the most widespread and serious civil war in Swedish history and almost toppled the king. King Gustav Vasa had come to power at

1554-410: Was defeated, and Dacke was wounded but managed to flee. The king's retribution upon the instigators of the rebellion was harsh. The leaders that were caught were executed together with the priests who had supported Dacke. Peasants who had supported the rebellion were deported to Finland , where they had to serve in the army, and the counties where the rebellion had taken place had to pay a large fine to

1596-611: Was founded in the Småland town of Älmhult . Overnight between 8 and 9 January 2005 the province suffered serious damage from the storm Gudrun . Towns with former city status were: Eksjö (chartered around 1400), Gränna (1652), Huskvarna (1911), Jönköping (1284), Kalmar (approximately 1100), Ljungby (1936), Nybro (1932), Nässjö (1914), Oskarshamn (1856), Sävsjö (1947), Tranås (1919), Vetlanda (1920), Vimmerby (approximately 1400), Värnamo (1920), Västervik (approximately 1200), Växjö (1342) Småland has four national parks: Compared to much of Sweden, Småland has

1638-526: Was handled by German merchants. At that time, Scania and Blekinge were not part of Sweden. Småland was the center of several peasant rebellions. The most nearly successful was the Dackefejden led by Nils Dacke in 1542 and 1543. When officials of king Gustav Vasa were assaulted and murdered, the king sent small expeditions to pacify the area; but all failed. Dacke was the virtual ruler of large parts of Småland during that Winter, though much troubled by

1680-415: Was one of many rebellions during the rule of Gustav Vasa. In contrast with other contemporary rebellions in Sweden, this one was led by peasants, and not supported by the local nobility . The uprising began in summer 1542 when the king's bailiffs were attacked and killed when they came to collect taxes. Gustav Vasa responded by sending a military force led by his own father-in-law Gustav Olofsson Stenbock

1722-604: Was the de facto ruler of most of southern Sweden and received offers of foreign support from the Elector Palatine Frederick II (1482–1556), who was the son-in-law of King Christian II of Denmark , and Albrecht VII, Duke of Mecklenburg (1486–1547). He reinstated the ceremonies of the Roman Catholic Church and reopened the cross-border trade in the areas under his control. With Danish support, Gustav Vasa mounted an invasion of Mecklenburg which neutralised

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1764-460: Was tried at a local court for killing a sheriff ; according to court records he was fined 10 oxen . The uprising started in Södra Möre during June 1542 with the assassination of more sheriffs and tax collectors. Gustav Vasa underestimated the military prowess of the peasants and sent his German mercenaries ( Landsknecht ) to quell the revolt. The landsknechts were, however, unsuited for battle in

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