Misplaced Pages

#972027

59-568: DKR may refer to: IATA airport code for Léopold Sédar Senghor International Airport , which services Dakar, Senegal Unofficial shorthand for the Danish krone Batman: The Dark Knight Returns , a comic book The Dark Knight Rises , the third installment in Christopher Nolan's Batman movie series Darrell Royal (1924–2012), college football coach Darrell K Royal–Texas Memorial Stadium ,

118-409: A Greenlandic series. Still, Greenland continues to use Danish kroner as sole official currency. Historically, Greenland under the colonial administration issued distinct banknotes between 1803 and 1968, together with coins between 1926 and 1964 (see Greenland rigsdaler and Greenland krone ). Faroe Islands and Greenland have their own IBAN codes (FO and GL, while Denmark has DK). Transfers between

177-489: A few exceptions – have issued coins with their name, monogram and/or portrait. Danish coinage was generally based on the Carolingian silver standard , with 12 penning to a skilling and 20 skilling to a pound; later on, 16 skilling to a mark . The metal content of minted coins was subject to debasement over the centuries, an easy way to generate income for the monarch and/or the state. Taxes were sometimes imposed via

236-466: A form of the West Germanic word for " frying pan ", presumably owing to its shape; and * ponding as a very early borrowing of Latin pondus (" pound "). Recently, it has been proposed that it may represent an early borrowing of Punic pn ( Pane or Pene , "Face"), as the face of Carthaginian goddess Tanit was represented on nearly all Carthaginian currency . Following decimalization ,

295-522: A full penny into halves or quarters. In 1527, Henry VIII abolished the Tower pound of 5400 grains , replacing it with the Troy pound of 5760 grains (making a penny 5760/240 = 24 grains) and establishing a new pennyweight of 1.56 grams, although, confusingly, the penny coin by then weighed about 8 grains, and had never weighed as much as this 24 grains. The last silver pence for general circulation were minted during

354-492: A single coin represented a number of pence, it was treated as a single noun, as a sixpence . Thus, "a threepence" (but more usually "a threepenny bit") would be a single coin of that value whereas "three pence" would be its value, and "three pennies" would be three penny coins. In British English, divisions of a penny were added to such combinations without a conjunction, as sixpence-farthing , and such constructions were also treated as single nouns. Adjectival use of such coins used

413-465: A smaller diameter. Surviving specimens have an average weight of 1.70 grams, although some estimate the original ideal mass at 1.76 grams. But despite the purity and quality of these pennies, they were often rejected by traders throughout the Carolingian period, in favor of the gold coins used elsewhere; this led to repeated legislation against such refusal, to accept the king's currency. Some of

472-533: A stadium named partly after the college football coach Dynamic knowledge repository , a strategic concept Diddy Kong Racing , a 1997 video game for the Nintendo 64 Diddy Kong Racing DS , version for Nintendo DS DKR Engineering , a Luxembourgian racing team "DKR" (song) , a 2016 song by Booba DKR fictional music group from On Cinema Topics referred to by the same term [REDACTED] This disambiguation page lists articles associated with

531-559: Is also used in reference to various historical currencies, also derived from the Carolingian system , such as the French denier and the German pfennig . It may also be informally used to refer to any similar smallest-denomination coin, such as the euro cent or Chinese fen . The Carolingian penny was originally a 0.940-fine silver coin, weighing 1 ⁄ 240 pound . It was adopted by Offa of Mercia and other English kings and remained

590-431: Is currently formally subdivided, although farthings ( 1 ⁄ 4 d), halfpennies , and half cents have previously been minted and the mill ( 1 ⁄ 10 ¢) remains in use as a unit of account in some contexts. Penny is first attested in a 1394 Scots text, a variant of Old English peni , a development of numerous variations including pennig , penning , and pending . The etymology of

649-510: Is legally obliged to join the euro in the future (though Sweden maintains that joining ERM II is voluntary , thus avoiding euro adoption for the time being). The Faroe Islands uses a localised, non-independent version of the Danish krone, known as the Faroese króna pegged with the Danish krone at par, using the Danish coin series, but have their own series of distinct banknotes, first being issued in

SECTION 10

#1733093198973

708-638: Is pegged to the euro via the ERM II , the European Union's exchange rate mechanism. Adoption of the euro is favoured by some of the major political parties; however, a 2000 referendum on joining the Eurozone was defeated with 53.2% voting to maintain the krone and 46.8% voting to join the Eurozone. The oldest known Danish coin is a penny ( penning ) struck AD 825–840, but the earliest systematic minting produced

767-608: Is the official currency of Denmark , Greenland , and the Faroe Islands , introduced on 1 January 1875. Both the ISO code "DKK" and currency sign "kr." are in common use; the former precedes the value, the latter in some contexts follows it. The currency is sometimes referred to as the Danish crown in English , since krone literally means crown . Krone coins have been minted in Denmark since

826-631: Is usually written with a simple  c . The medieval silver penny was modeled on similar coins in antiquity, such as the Greek drachma , the Carthaginian shekel , and the Roman denarius . Forms of these seem to have reached as far as Norway and Sweden . The use of Roman currency in Britain , seems to have fallen off after the Roman withdrawal and subsequent Saxon invasions . Charlemagne 's father Pepin

885-482: The Anglo-Saxon kingdoms initially copied the solidus , the late Roman gold coin ; at the time, however, gold was so rare and valuable that even the smallest coins had such a great value that they could only be used in very large transactions and were sometimes not available at all. Around 641–670, there seems to have been a movement to use coins with lower gold content. This decreased their value and may have increased

944-476: The "penny" since the early 19th century, began with the unpopular copper chain cent in 1793. Abraham Lincoln was the first historical figure to appear on a U.S. coin when he was portrayed on the one-cent coin to commemorate his 100th birthday. The penny that was brought to the Cape Colony (in what is now South Africa ) was a large coin—36 mm in diameter, 3.3 mm thick, and 1 oz (28 g)—and

1003-400: The 10 and 20 krone coins from golden aluminium bronze. The coins differ in terms of size, weight and rim. Within each sequence the diameter and weight of the coins increase with their value. The 50 øre and 10 krone coins have smooth rims, while the rims of the 1 and 5 krone coins are milled. The rims of the 2 and 20 krone coins have interrupted milling. The 1, 2 and 5 krone coins have a hole in

1062-493: The 1000-krone note, too, can be referred to as a tudse (toad) taken from a wordplay on the word tusinde meaning a thousand . The 1000-krone note may also be referred to as an egern (squirrel) because the 1972 series version of the note featured a squirrel. Penny Penny is also the informal name of the cent unit of account in Canada, although one-cent coins were removed from circulation in 2012. The name penny

1121-469: The 16th to 19th centuries. The krone (lit. "crown") has existed as early as 1513 as a unit of account worth 8 marks. In more general use until 1813, however, was a krone or schlecht daler worth 2 ⁄ 3 rigsdaler , 4 marks , or 64 skilling . The modern-day krone was introduced as the currency of Denmark in January 1875. It replaced the rigsdaler at a rate of 2 kroner = 1 rigsdaler. This placed

1180-460: The 17th century. One krone is subdivided into 100 øre ( Danish pronunciation: [ˈøːɐ] ; singular and plural), the name øre is probably derived from the Latin word for gold. Altogether there are eleven denominations of the krone, with the smallest being the 50 øre coin (one half of a krone ). Formerly there were more øre coins, but those were discontinued due to inflation . The krone

1239-507: The 1950s and later modernised in the 1970s and the 2000s. Greenland adopted the Act on Banknotes in Greenland in 2006 with a view to introducing separate Greenlandic banknotes. The Act entered into force on 1 June 2007. In the autumn of 2010, a new Greenlandic government indicated that it did not wish to introduce separate Greenlandic banknotes and Danmarks Nationalbank ceased the project to develop

SECTION 20

#1733093198973

1298-668: The British and Irish coins were marked "new penny" until 1982 and 1985, respectively. From the 16th century, the regular plural pennies fell out of use in England, when referring to a sum of money (e.g. "That costs tenpence."), but continued to be used to refer to more than one penny coin ("Here you are, a sixpence and four pennies."). It remains common in Scottish English, and is standard for all senses in American English, where, however,

1357-585: The Faroe Islands and Greenland. The last coin depicting the Copenhagen City Hall was issued in June 2007, marking the end of the series. A second series of 20-krone coins, starting in 2007 with twelve different planned motifs and ten already released by November 2011, shows Denmark as a maritime nation in the world, featuring iconic Danish, Faroese and Greenlandic ships and like the previous series of tower coins,

1416-477: The Frankish Empire, all these pennies were notionally fractions of shillings ( solidi ; sol ) and pounds ( librae ; livres ) but during this period neither larger unit was minted. Instead, they functioned only as notional units of account . (For instance, a "shilling" or "solidus" of grain was a measure equivalent to the amount of grain that 12 pennies could purchase.) English currency

1475-461: The Short instituted a major currency reform around AD 755, aiming to reorganize Francia 's previous silver standard with a standardized .940-fine denier ( Latin : denarius ) weighing ⁄ 240 pound . (As the Carolingian pound seems to have been about 489.5  grams , each penny weighed about 2  grams .) Around 790, Charlemagne introduced a new .950 or .960-fine penny with

1534-412: The coinage, such as by the compulsory substitution of coins handed in by new coins handed out with a lower silver content. As a result of the debasement , the public started to lose trust in the respective coins. Danish currency was overhauled several times in attempts to restore public trust in the coins, and later issued in paper money. Several different currency systems have been used by Denmark from

1593-483: The coinage. The size and denomination of the 1816 British coins, with the exception of the four-penny coins, were used in South Africa until 1960. Handling and counting penny coins entail transaction costs that may be higher than a penny. It has been claimed that, for micropayments , the mental arithmetic costs more than the penny. Changes in the market prices of metals, combined with currency inflation, have caused

1652-567: The coins being adopted two years later) and lasted until World War I . The parties to the union were the three Scandinavian countries, where the name was krone in Denmark and Norway and krona in Sweden , a word which in all three languages literally means ‘crown’. The three currencies were on the gold standard , with the krone/krona defined as 1 ⁄ 2480 of a kilogram of pure gold. The Scandinavian Monetary Union came to an end in 1914 when

1711-420: The coins still in circulation were almost entirely melted down for the value of their gold. Only eight gold pennies are known to survive. It was not until the reign of Edward III that the florin and noble established a common gold currency in England. The earliest halfpenny and farthing (¼ d. ) found date from the reign of Henry III . The need for small change was also sometimes met by simply cutting

1770-402: The countries count as international with international fees, outside EU rules. The design of the coin series is intended to ensure that the coins are easy to distinguish from each other: The series is therefore divided into three sequences, each with its own metal colour. This division into colours has its roots in history. In earlier times, the value of the coins was equivalent to the value of

1829-473: The ending -penny, as sixpenny . The British abbreviation d. derived from the Latin denarius . It followed the amount, e.g. "11d". It has been replaced since decimalization by p , usually written without a space or period . From this abbreviation, it is common to speak of pennies and values in pence as "p". In North America , it is common to abbreviate cents with the currency symbol ¢ . Elsewhere, it

DKR - Misplaced Pages Continue

1888-597: The fairy tale series ended, a second series of three 10-krone commemorative coins was introduced, celebrating the International Polar Year . Featuring motifs of a polar bear, the Sirius Sledge Patrol and the Aurora Borealis , the coins aimed to accentuate scientific research in the backdrop of Greenlandic culture and geography. The third and final coin entitled 'Northern Lights' marked the completion of

1947-655: The gold standard was abandoned. Denmark, Sweden and Norway all decided to keep the names of their respective and now separate currencies. Denmark returned to the gold standard in 1924 but left it permanently in 1931. Between 1940 and 1945, the krone was tied to the German Reichsmark . Following the end of the German occupation, a rate of 24 kroner to the British pound was introduced, reduced to 19.34 (4.8 kroner = 1 US dollar ) in August

2006-452: The governor, issued a proclamation that only British Sterling would be legal tender in the Cape Colony (colonial South Africa ). The new British coins (which were introduced in England in 1816), among them being the shilling, six-pence of silver, the penny, half-penny, and quarter-penny in copper, were introduced to the Cape. Later two-shilling, four-penny, and three-penny coins were added to

2065-556: The hidden security thread. Starting in 2020, Danmarks Nationalbank released a new version of the 500-kroner banknote with updated security features, the first in the 2009A series. Updated versions of the 50-, 100-, and 200-kroner banknotes are scheduled to enter circulation in 2024–2025. The next series of banknotes is scheduled for release in 2028 and will not contain a 1000-krone banknote, which will no longer be legal tender as of 31 May 2025, with that banknote being withdrawn in order to combat and prevent money laundering. Banknotes from

2124-566: The informal "penny" is typically only used of the coins in any case, values being expressed in "cents". The informal name for the American cent seems to have spread from New York State . In Britain, prior to decimalization, values from two to eleven pence were often written, and spoken as a single word, as twopence or tuppence , threepence or thruppence , etc. (Other values were usually expressed in terms of shillings and pence or written as two words, which might or might not be hyphenated.) Where

2183-519: The krone on the gold standard at a rate of 2,480 kroner = 1 kilogram fine gold. The latter part of the 18th century and much of the 19th century saw expanding economic activity and thus also a need for means of payment that were easier to handle than coins. Consequently, banknotes were increasingly used instead of coins. The introduction of the new krone was a result of the Scandinavian Monetary Union , which came into effect in 1873 (with

2242-422: The metal from which they were minted: gold was used for the coins of the highest denominations, silver for the next-highest, and copper for the lowest coin denominations. This correlation between colour and value has been retained in the present coin series (see examples to the right). The 50 øre coins are thus minted from copper-coloured bronze, the 1, 2 and 5 krone coins from a silver-coloured cupronickel alloy, and

2301-636: The mid-9th century. The first Carolingian-style pennies were introduced by King Offa of Mercia ( r. 757–796), modeled on Pepin's system. His first series was 1 ⁄ 240 of the Saxon pound of 5400 grains (350 grams) , giving a pennyweight of about 1.46 grams . His queen Cynethryth also minted these coins under her own name. Near the end of his reign, Offa minted his coins in imitation of Charlemagne's reformed pennies. Offa's coins were imitated by East Anglia , Kent , Wessex and Northumbria , as well as by two Archbishops of Canterbury . As in

2360-538: The middle. Use of these various characteristics makes it easy for the blind and sight-impaired to tell the coins apart. The coins of the programme have the same size and metal composition as the regular coins of their denomination. The first series, 20-krone coins featuring towers in Denmark, ran between 2002 and 2007 and spawned ten different motifs. Upon selecting the towers, importance had been attached not only to display aesthetic towers, but also towers with different form, functions and from different regions of Denmark,

2419-533: The need for small change. Finally, amid the Napoleonic Wars , the government authorized Matthew Boulton to mint copper pennies and twopences at Soho Mint in Birmingham in 1797. Typically, 1 lb. of copper produced 24 pennies. In 1860, the copper penny was replaced with a bronze one (95% copper, 4% tin , 1% zinc ). Each pound of bronze was coined into 48 pennies. The United States' cent, popularly known as

DKR - Misplaced Pages Continue

2478-419: The new series and the 2009 series will co-circulate for a period of time and eventually only the new series of banknotes will be legal tender. The design process started in the spring of 2024, and they are scheduled to be finalised in early 2026. In September 2024, it was announced that the obverse of the banknotes would feature "important achievements and the people behind them" whereas the reverse will feature

2537-747: The number that could be minted, but these paler coins do not seem to have solved the problem of the value and scarcity of the currency. The miscellaneous silver sceattas minted in Frisia and Anglo-Saxon England after around 680 were probably known as "pennies" at the time. (The misnomer is based on a probable misreading of the Anglo-Saxon legal codes.) Their purity varied and their weight fluctuated from about 0.8 to about 1.3 grams. They continued to be minted in East Anglia under Beonna and in Northumbria as late as

2596-409: The past and the present. The present is represented by the bridges, the past by five distinctive prehistoric objects found near the bridges. Among the new security features is a window thread ("Motion") with a moving wave pattern. Another feature is a new, sophisticated hologram that reflects light in different colors. The new banknotes also have the traditional security features such as the watermark and

2655-595: The principal currency in Europe over the next few centuries, until repeated debasements necessitated the development of more valuable coins. The British penny remained a silver coin until the expense of the Napoleonic Wars prompted the use of base metals in 1797. Despite the decimalization of currencies in the United States and, later, throughout the British Commonwealth , the name remains in informal use. No penny

2714-484: The reign of Charles II around 1660. Since then, they have only been coined for issue as Maundy money , royal alms given to the elderly on Maundy Thursday . Throughout the 18th century, the British government did not mint pennies for general circulation and the bullion value of the existing silver pennies caused them to be withdrawn from circulation. Merchants and mining companies, such as Anglesey 's Parys Mining Co. , began to issue their own copper tokens to fill

2773-476: The reverse, the banknotes were designed by Gunnar Biilmann Petersen  [ da ] , Gunnar Andersen, and Ib Andersen  [ da ] . The 1972 series featured portraits and animals, and was issued from 1975 to 1980. It was replaced in 1997. Every note had a portrait based on a painting by Jens Juel on the obverse side. The reverse featured animals designed by Ib Andersen and Gunnar Andersen. The 1997 series features portraits and church art, and

2832-428: The same date. Phased out banknotes will continue to be accepted by Danmarks Nationalbank until 31 May 2026. The 1944 series, known as the substitution series, was developed in secret in 1943−1944 and designed by Danish painter Gerhard Heilmann . The 1952 series featured portraits and landscapes, and was issued from 1952 to 1964. It was replaced in 1972. Featuring famous Danes on the obverse and Danish landscapes on

2891-631: The same year. Within the Bretton Woods System , Denmark devalued its currency with the pound in 1949 to a rate of 6.91 to the dollar. A further devaluation in 1967 resulted in rates of 7.5 kroner. The Danish krone was minted by the Royal Mint of Denmark and banknotes were printed by the Danish National Bank until 1975, when the mint was made a subsidiary of the National Bank. In 2014, it

2950-401: The sea as a motif. The selected achievements and people are as follows: Within context, some of the banknotes have figurative meanings with the 100-krone note sometimes referred to as a hund (dog) shortening the word hundrede (a hundred). The 500-krone note can be referred to as a plovmand (ploughman) because previous circulations of the note featured a picture of a man with a plough and

3009-440: The series in 2009. Most Danish banknotes (with a few exceptions) issued after 1945 are valid as payment. Banknotes have since 1945 been issued with the values: 5 kroner, 10 kroner, 20 kroner, 50 kroner, 100 kroner, 200 kroner, 500 kroner, and 1000 kroner. On 30 November 2023, it was announced that all banknotes issued before 2009 will no longer be legal tender as of 31 May 2025. The 1000-kroner banknote will also be phased out on

SECTION 50

#1733093198973

3068-464: The series reflect various landmarks in shipbuilding in the three countries. In 2005, Danmarks Nationalbank issued the first in a series of five 10-krone commemorative coins with motifs from Hans Christian Andersen 's fairy tales. The motifs depicted on the coins were chosen to illustrate various aspects and themes central to the fairy tales with the fifth and final fairy tale coin inspired by The Nightingale being issued on 25 October 2007. In 2007, as

3127-698: The so-called korsmønter ( lit.   ' cross coins ' ) minted by Harald Bluetooth  in the late 10th century. Organised minting in Denmark was introduced on a larger scale by Canute the Great in the 1020s. Lund (now in Sweden) was the principal minting place and one of Denmark's most important cities in the Middle Ages, but coins were also minted in Roskilde, Slagelse, Odense, Aalborg, Århus, Viborg, Ribe, Ørbæk and Hedeby. For almost 1,000 years, Danish kings – with

3186-445: The term "penny" is uncertain, although cognates are common across almost all Germanic languages and suggest a base * pan- , * pann- , or * pand- with the individualizing suffix -ing . Common suggestions include that it was originally * panding as a Low Franconian form of Old High German pfant "pawn" (in the sense of a pledge or debt, as in a pawnbroker putting up collateral as a pledge for repayment of loans); * panning as

3245-532: The title DKR . If an internal link led you here, you may wish to change the link to point directly to the intended article. Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=DKR&oldid=967231405 " Category : Disambiguation pages Hidden categories: Short description is different from Wikidata All article disambiguation pages All disambiguation pages Danish krone The krone ( Danish: [ˈkʰʁoːnə] ; plural: kroner ; sign : kr. ; code : DKK )

3304-673: The twopence was correspondingly larger at 41 mm in diameter, 5 mm thick and 2 oz (57 g). On them was Britannia with a trident in her hand. The English called this coin the Cartwheel penny due to its large size and raised rim, but the Capetonians referred to it as the Devil 's Penny as they assumed that only the Devil used a trident. The coins were very unpopular due to their large weight and size. On 6 June 1825, Lord Charles Somerset ,

3363-525: Was decided to stop minting and printing of the krone in Denmark, but the work would be outsourced, and on 20 December 2016, the last notes were printed by the National Bank. Denmark has not introduced the euro , following a rejection by referendum in 2000 , but the Danish krone is pegged closely to the euro (with the rate 7.46038±2.25%) in ERM II , the EU's exchange rate mechanism. Denmark borders one eurozone member, Germany , and one other EU member, Sweden , which

3422-649: Was issued from 1997 to 1999. It was replaced in 2009. Illustrated by Johan Alkjær, the banknotes featured portraits of Danish artists and scientists on the obverse while the reverse had motifs of cultural and religious art. The process of designing the 'Bridge' banknotes was initiated in 2006 by Danmarks Nationalbank. The theme of the new banknotes is Danish bridges and the surrounding landscapes, or details from these landscapes. Danish artist Karin Birgitte Lund has chosen to interpret this theme in two ways: bridges as links between various parts of Denmark and as links between

3481-454: Was notionally .925-fine sterling silver at the time of Henry II , but the weight and value of the silver penny steadily declined from 1300 onwards. In 1257, Henry III minted a gold penny which had the nominal value of 1 shilling 8 pence (i.e. 20 d. ). At first, the coin proved unpopular because it was overvalued for its weight; by 1265 it was so undervalued—the bullion value of its gold being worth 2 shillings (i.e. 24 d. ) by then—that

#972027