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28-630: The DGSS was founded in 1971 by German sexologist Rolf Gindorf and colleagues. It is the oldest non-medical sexological society existing in German-language Europe (that is: Germany , Austria , Liechtenstein , Luxembourg , and parts of Switzerland , Denmark , Belgium , France , and Italy ). Its governing and international advisory boards have included many noted scholars, among them Rüdiger Lautmann, John Money , Gisela Bleibtreu-Ehrenberg , John Gagnon, Igor Kon , Liu Dalin , and Martin S. Weinberg. Society presidents are listed below. From

56-410: A disease, immoral, or a crime. The work assumes that same-sex love transcended age taboos as well as gender taboos. Seven of his twenty-one case studies are of inter-generational relationships. He also developed other important psychological concepts, such as autoerotism and narcissism , both of which were later developed further by Sigmund Freud . Ellis pioneered transgender phenomena alongside

84-637: A fairly adequate impression of sexological research by the DGSS and its members. Once the Berlin wall had fallen, the DGSS was able to move its congresses to the original birthplace of sexology, and to resume the tradition of the Berlin sexological conferences started in 1921 by Magnus Hirschfeld . From July 25–27, 1997, the 13th DGSS Congress of Social Scientific Sex Research and 6th International Berlin Conference for Sexology took place at Berlin's Humboldt University , with

112-687: The Kama Sutra of Vatsyayana , the Ananga Ranga , and The Perfumed Garden for the Soul's Recreation . De la prostitution dans la ville de Paris ( Prostitution in the City of Paris ), an early 1830s study on 3,558 registered prostitutes in Paris , written by Alexander Jean Baptiste Parent-Duchatelet (published in 1837, a year after he died), has been called the first work of modern sex research. In England, James Graham

140-517: The G-spot is named, published the initial research developing the intrauterine device (IUD). After World War II, sexology experienced a renaissance, both in the United States and Europe. Large scale studies of sexual behavior, sexual function, and sexual dysfunction gave rise to the development of sex therapy . Post-WWII sexology in the U.S. was influenced by the influx of European refugees escaping

168-555: The Masters & Johnson Institute in 1978. Vern Bullough was a historian of sexology during this era, as well as being a researcher in the field. The emergence of HIV/AIDS in the 1980s caused a dramatic shift in sexological research efforts towards understanding and controlling the spread of the disease. Technological advances have permitted sexological questions to be addressed with studies using behavioral genetics, neuroimaging, and large-scale Internet-based surveys. Sexology

196-538: The penile plethysmograph in Czechoslovakia in the 1950s. The device was designed to provide an objective measurement of sexual arousal in males and is currently used in the assessment of pedophilia and hebephilia . This tool has since been used with sex offenders . In 1966 and 1970, Masters and Johnson released their works Human Sexual Response and Human Sexual Inadequacy, respectively. Those volumes sold well, and they were founders of what became known as

224-586: The theme "100 Years of Gay Liberation ". Scientists (most of them gay) came from many countries in Europe, the Americas, Asia and Australia. From June 29 through July 2, 2000, the 14th DGSS Congress and 5th Conference of the European Federation of Sexology (EFS) was held at Berlin's House of World Cultures , hosting some 270 delegates from 34 countries, with the theme "For A Millennium of Sexual Health". In 2002,

252-624: The 15th DGSS Conference from June 21–23 was moved, following the DGSS president-elect Gunter Runkel, to the Leuphana University of Lüneburg , near Hamburg . Its general theme: "Sexualities in the Third Millennium - Recent Developments in Sexuality Research". Again, sexologists from many nations attended, colleagues from the United States forming the largest contingent. In 2004, the 16th DGSS Conference on "Sexualities and Social Change"

280-444: The DGSS added a pioneering counselling institute ( DGSS-Institut ) to its scientific and research activities. Since then, more than 33,000 clients received sexual counselling or psychotherapy . Gay , lesbian and bisexual people form a considerable group. AIDS counseling and HIV testing has been provided since 1983. Under difficult circumstances, with habitually low financial resources and extremely modest outside support,

308-424: The DGSS has nevertheless managed to hold increasingly successful national and international sexological congresses, establishing a close cooperation with most German and many foreign sexological societies. An impressive number of scientific publications, including many books and a book series ( Schriftenreihe Sozialwissenschaftliche Sexualforschung , published by de Gruyter since 1986; LIT Verlag since 2003) give

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336-497: The German Magnus Hirschfeld . He established it as new category that was separate and distinct from homosexuality. Aware of Hirschfeld's studies of transvestism , but disagreeing with his terminology, in 1913 Ellis proposed the term sexo-aesthetic inversion to describe the phenomenon. In 1908, the first scholarly journal of the field, Journal of Sexology ( Zeitschrift für Sexualwissenschaft ), began publication and

364-697: The Nazi regime and the popularity of the Kinsey studies . Until that time, American sexology consisted primarily of groups working to end prostitution and to educate youth about sexually transmitted infections . Alfred Kinsey founded the Institute for Sex Research at Indiana University at Bloomington in 1947. This is now called the Kinsey Institute for Research in Sex, Gender and Reproduction. He wrote in his 1948 book that more

392-594: The categories of homosexuality, he referred to these people as transvestiten (transvestites). Germany's dominance in sexual behavior research ended with the Nazi regime . The Institute and its library were destroyed by the Nazis less than three months after they took power, May 8, 1933. The institute was shut down and Hirschfeld's books were burned. Other sexologists in the early gay rights movement included Ernst Burchard and Benedict Friedlaender . Ernst Gräfenberg , after whom

420-461: The institute to gain a clearer understanding of their sexuality and to be treated for their sexual concerns and dysfunctions. Hirschfeld developed a system which identified numerous actual or hypothetical types of sexual intermediary between heterosexual male and female to represent the potential diversity of human sexuality, and is credited with identifying a group of people that today are referred to as transsexual or transgender as separate from

448-505: The late 19th and early 20th centuries. Wilhelm Reich and Otto Gross were disciples of Freud, but rejected his theories because of their emphasis on the role of sexuality in the revolutionary struggle for the emancipation of mankind. Pre-Nazi Germany, under the sexually liberal Napoleonic code , organized and resisted the anti-sexual, Victorian cultural influences. The momentum from those groups led them to coordinate sex research across traditional academic disciplines , bringing Germany to

476-543: The leadership of sexology. Physician Magnus Hirschfeld was an outspoken advocate for sexual minorities, founding the Scientific Humanitarian Committee , the first advocacy for homosexual and transgender rights. Hirschfeld also set up the first Institut für Sexualwissenschaft (Institute for Sexology) in Berlin in 1919. Its library housed over 20,000 volumes, 35,000 photographs, a large collection of art and other objects. People from around Europe visited

504-438: The non-scientific study of sexuality, such as social criticism . Sexologists apply tools from several academic fields, such as anthropology , biology , medicine , psychology , epidemiology , sociology , and criminology . Topics of study include sexual development (puberty), sexual orientation , gender identity , sexual relationships , sexual activities, paraphilias , and atypical sexual interests. It also includes

532-502: The prevailing social attitude of sexual repression in the Victorian era , the movement towards sexual emancipation began towards the end of the nineteenth century in England and Germany. In 1886, Richard Freiherr von Krafft-Ebing published Psychopathia Sexualis . That work is considered as having established sexology as a scientific discipline. In England, the founding father of sexology

560-439: The study of sexuality across the lifespan, including child sexuality , puberty , adolescent sexuality , and sexuality among the elderly . Sexology also spans sexuality among those with mental or physical disabilities. The sexological study of sexual dysfunctions and disorders, including erectile dysfunction and anorgasmia , are also mainstays. Sex manuals have existed since antiquity, such as Ovid 's Ars Amatoria ,

588-452: The very beginning, the DGSS has emphasized the importance of the social, behavioral, and cultural sciences for an adequate understanding of the human sexualities in their many forms, facets, and variations. In addition to traditional sexological fields like biology , physiology , and medicine , the DGSS focus has centered on the social sciences , psychology , and ethnology , embracing also educational, legal, and historical aspects. In 1978,

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616-517: Was a German sexologist . He was a member of Mensa . In 1971 he founded the German Society for Social-Scientific Sexuality Research . He received the 2004 Magnus Hirschfeld Medal . Gindorf's published works include: Sexology This is an accepted version of this page Sexology is the scientific study of human sexuality , including human sexual interests, behaviors , and functions. The term sexology does not generally refer to

644-600: Was again held in Lüneburg, where the 17th Conference ("Sexuality and Love") also took place on September 22–24, 2006. The 18th DGSS Conference ("Sexuality and the Media") took place in Munich from November 7–9, 2008, again with many Americans scheduled to attend. Since 1990, the DGSS has been awarding its Magnus Hirschfeld Medals for Sexual Science and for Sexual Reform. Rolf Gindorf Rolf Gindorf (14 May 1939 – 26 March 2016)

672-421: Was an early sexologist who lectured on topics such as the process of sex and conception. The scientific study of sexual behavior in human beings began in the 19th century with Heinrich Kaan , whose book Psychopathia Sexualis (1844) Michel Foucault describes as marking "the date of birth, or in any case the date of the emergence of sexuality and sexual aberrations in the psychiatric field." The term sexology

700-449: Was coined for the first time in the United States by Elizabeth Osgood Goodrich Willard in 1867. Roughly simultaneously a group of homophile activists, not yet identifying themselves as sexologists, were responding to shifts in Europe 's national borders, a crisis that brought into conflict laws that were sexually liberal and laws that criminalized behaviors such as homosexual activity. Despite

728-479: Was published monthly for one year. Those issues contained articles by Freud, Alfred Adler , and Wilhelm Stekel . In 1913, the first academic association was founded: the Society for Sexology . Freud developed a theory of sexuality. These stages of development include: Oral , Anal , Phallic , Latency and Genital . These stages run from infancy to puberty and onwards. based on his studies of his clients, between

756-477: Was scientifically known about the sexual behavior of farm animals than of humans. Psychologist and sexologist John Money developed theories on sexual identity and gender identity in the 1950s. His work, notably on the David Reimer case has since been regarded as controversial, even while the case was key to the development of treatment protocols for intersex infants and children. Kurt Freund developed

784-460: Was the doctor and sexologist Havelock Ellis who challenged the sexual taboos of his era regarding masturbation and homosexuality and revolutionized the conception of sex in his time. His seminal work was the 1897 Sexual Inversion , which describes the sexual relations of homosexual males, including men with boys. Ellis wrote the first objective study of homosexuality (the term was coined by Karl-Maria Kertbeny ), as he did not characterize it as

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