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49-404: Džepčište is located at the range of Shar Mountain - Scardica , as well as in the field of Polog valley, characterized by relatively frosty winters as mountain stream climate prevailing during the long winter and warm and dry with temperatures reaching up to 45 degrees Celsius in the summer time for a Mediterranean climate. Overall, it has four seasons and fertile agricultural land and is known for

98-745: A connotation of dictatorial powers and style, fitting since "autocrat" was an official title of the Russian Emperor (informally referred to as 'the tsar'). Similarly, Speaker of the House Thomas Brackett Reed was called "Czar Reed" for his dictatorial control of the House of Representatives in the 1880s and 1890s. In the United States and in the United Kingdom, the title "czar" is a colloquial term for certain high-level civil servants, such as

147-524: A higher title than King, and yet they call David Czar , and our kings, Kirrols , probably from Carolus Quintus , whose history they have among them". The title tsar remained in common usage, and also officially as part of various titles signifying rule over various states absorbed by the Russian monarchy (such as the former Tatar khanates and the Georgian Orthodox kingdom). In the 18th century, tsar

196-668: A makeshift imperial coronation performed by the Patriarch of Constantinople in 913. After an attempt by the Byzantine Empire to revoke this major diplomatic concession and a decade of intensive warfare, the imperial title of the Bulgarian ruler was recognized by the Byzantine government in 924 and again at the formal conclusion of peace in 927. Since in Byzantine political theory there was place for only two emperors, Eastern and Western (as in

245-680: A total area of 1,600 km . 56,25% of that area is in North Macedonia, 43.12% in Kosovo, and 0,63% in Albania. There are three plains: Sirinić, Vraca and Rudoka. The system is about 80 km (50 mi) long and 10–20 km (6–12 mi) wide. The mountain massif was formed in the Tertiary Period . The peaks are covered with ice and snow. It includes several high peaks: There are 30 peaks higher than 2,500 m (8,200 ft) and 70 above

294-807: Is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . Shar Mountain District of Prizren – Kosovo The Šar Mountains ( Serbian : Шар-планина / Šar-planina , Macedonian : Шар Планина , romanized :  Šar Planina ; colloquially also Šara , Cyrillic : Шара ) or Sharr Mountains ( Albanian : Malet e Sharrit ) is a mountain range in Southeast Europe , extending into several countries from southern Kosovo , to northwestern North Macedonia , to northeastern Albania . The sections in Kosovo, and in North Macedonia are national parks ( Sharr Mountains National Park in Kosovo). Rugged and barren,

343-527: Is a title historically used by Slavic monarchs . The term is derived from the Latin word caesar , which was intended to mean emperor in the European medieval sense of the term—a ruler with the same rank as a Roman emperor , holding it by the approval of another emperor or a supreme ecclesiastical official—but was usually considered by Western Europeans to be equivalent to "king". Tsar and its variants were

392-545: Is inhabited by 175 strictly protected plant species, 247 Balkan endemites and 18 plants which can be found only on Šara. The park includes the endemic relict Macedonian Pine and white-bark pine , as well as the mugo pine and Alpine rose . Other perennial plants include King Alexander's yarrow ( Achillea alexandri-regis ), Nikolić's silene ( Heliosperma nikolicii ), Bornmuellera dieckii , Šar carnation ( Dianthus scardicus Wettst. ), Doerfler's cinquefoils and Macedonian meadow saffron ( Colhicum macedonicum ). One of

441-534: Is located north-east of the mountains. The mountain range in Kosovo is divided into three main zones: The zone of Ljuboten and Brezovica , the central zone of Prizren and the zone of Opoja and Gora . The mountains border the Kosovo Plain to the north-east and the Metohia Valley in the northwest. Kosovo consists of the most eastern tip and the most northern part of the mountain ridge. The Ljuboten peak and

490-570: The Illyrian vocalism /a/ ). The theory according to which the modern Sharr/Šar represents an evolution of the ancient name Scardus through Albanian sound changes is untenable on the basis of current historical-linguistic research. Sharr/Šar rather can be traced to Albanian : sharrë meaning 'saw', denoting the jagged peaks and 'saw-toothed ridge', ultimately from Latin : sĕrra (also used in some Romance languages : cf. Italian : serra , Spanish : sierra , 'steep mountain range'). In

539-636: The Kabardinian lands and Armenian territories ; hereditary Ruler and Lord of the Cherkess and Mountain Princes and others; Lord of Turkestan , Heir of Norway , Duke of Schleswig-Holstein , Stormarn , Dithmarschen , Oldenburg ". Like many lofty titles, such as mogul , tsar or czar has been used in English as a metaphor for positions of high authority since 1866 (referring to U.S. President Andrew Johnson ), with

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588-595: The Mavrovo Valley . There the Radika river separates the mountain massif from the higher Mount Korab . After that, the border is mounting, reaching the point of junction of three state borders: Kosovo , North Macedonia and Albania . The border now follows the road to the small, mountainous, town of Restelica , the rivers of Globocica, Plava and the White Drin and finally reaches the city of Prizren. The Šar Mountains have

637-723: The Prizren Fortress , are located in the gorge of the Bistrica river. When King Milutin donated lands to the Our Lady of Ljeviš church, he also donated the Višegrad Fort to serve as an Prizren's defence outpost. Emperor Dušan later expanded the fort to the river and built his endowment, the Monastery of the Holy Archangels . There are 45 Serbian Orthodox monasteries on the slopes of

686-514: The " drug czar " for the director of the Office of National Drug Control Policy (not to be confused with a drug baron ), "terrorism czar" for a presidential advisor on terrorism policy, "cybersecurity czar" for the highest-ranking Department of Homeland Security official on computer security and information security policy, and " war czar " to oversee the wars in Iraq and Afghanistan . More specifically,

735-466: The 2,000 m (6,600 ft). The Šar Mountains extend to Mount Korab (2,764 m or 9,068 ft) in the southwest, and pass into northeastern Albania with very small part (0.63% of the entire length). Vegetation on the mountains includes crops up to around 1,000 m (3,281 ft), forests up to 1,700 m (5,577 ft), and above that lie high pastures which encompass around 550 km (212 sq mi). The Šar Mountains are

784-622: The 2010s a floor mosaic was discovered from the much older church from the Byzantine period. The Šar Mountains are located in the south and south-east of Kosovo , where 43.12% of the range is located. Many alpine and glacial mountain lakes are found on the Kosovar part of the Šar Mountains, especially south of the town of Dragash , the area of Shutman and the region north of Vraca. The Brezovica ski resort , with an elevation of 900 m (2,953 ft) to 2,524 m (8,281 ft) above sea level,

833-412: The 2021 census, the village had a total of 3.338 inhabitants. Ethnic groups in the village include: According to the 1942 Albanian census, Džepčište was inhabited by 1408 Muslim Albanians , 100 Bulgarians and 38 Serbs . In statistics gathered by Vasil Kanchov in 1900, the village of Džepčište was inhabited by 385 Muslim Albanians and 80 Orthodox Bulgarians. This Tetovo location article

882-521: The 7th century BC, but also has medieval remnants. In Roman period, the mountain was a tripoint between the provinces of Dalmatia , Moesia and Macedonia . The route of an ancient road crossed the Scardus from 169 BC. The road was later named Velji ("Great") or Prizren road. Lisinski road was built. Remnants of the fort on the Kradište hill, near Prizren, dates from the 2nd to the 6th century and testifies

931-539: The Bulgarian as in the Greek vernacular, the meaning of the title had shifted (although Paisius ' Slavonic-Bulgarian History (1760–1762) had still distinguished between the two concepts). The title of tsar (Serbian car ) was used officially by two monarchs, the previous monarchial title being that of king ( kralj ). In 1345, Stefan Dušan began to style himself "Emperor of Serbs and Greeks" (the Greek renderings read " basileus and autokrator of Serbs and Romans"), and

980-422: The Bulgarian ruler Kaloyan and Pope Innocent III , Kaloyan—whose self-assumed Latin title was "Imperator Bulgarorum et Blachorum"—claims that the imperial crowns of Simeon I , his son Peter I , and Samuel were somehow derived from the papacy . The pope, however, only speaks of reges (kings) of Bulgaria in his replies, and eventually grants only that lesser title to Kaloyan, who nevertheless proceeds to thank

1029-583: The Late Roman Empire ), the Bulgarian ruler was crowned basileus as "a spiritual son" of the Byzantine basileus . It has been hypothesized that Simeon's title was also recognized by a papal mission to Bulgaria in or shortly after 925, as a concession in exchange for a settlement in the Bulgarian- Croatian conflict or a possible attempt to return Bulgaria to union with Rome. Thus, in the later diplomatic correspondence conducted in 1199–1204 between

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1078-510: The Latin title for the Roman emperors, caesar . The Greek equivalent of the Latin word imperator was the title autokrator . The term basileus was another term for the same position, but it was used differently depending on whether it was in a contemporary political context or in a historical or Biblical context. In 705 Emperor Justinian II named Tervel of Bulgaria "caesar" ( Greek : καῖσαρ ),

1127-518: The Opoja and Gora region contains 600 chamois. The National Park is administered by the Ministry of Environment and Spatial Planning (MESP) of Kosovo. Tsar Philosophers Works Tsar ( / z ɑːr , ( t ) s ɑːr / ; also spelled czar , tzar , or csar ; Bulgarian : цар , romanized :  tsar ; Russian : царь , romanized :  tsar' ; Serbian : цар , car )

1176-602: The Russian emperor assumed the title "tsar of Poland". Among the indigenous peoples of Siberia and the Muslims of the Volga region , Central Asia and the Caucasus , the autocracy of the Russian Empire often became identified with the image of the "White Tsar" ( Russian : Белый царь ). By 1894, when Nicholas II ascended the throne, the full title of the Russian rulers was "By

1225-423: The change of civilizations in this region: it started in the pre-Roman period, then became a Roman town and later a Byzantine one. Locality of Ravna Gora, predating the 6th century, where Slavs later cremated their dead, is situated in the area. Medieval military complex of Petrič Fortress , which consists of two fortresses, Little Petrič and Great Petrič, is also preserved. Remains of the Višegrad Fort, older part of

1274-477: The early 16th century, it was recorded that the mountain was called " Catena Mundi " ( Latin for "the chains of the world"). Sometimes the range is called " Carska Planina " ( Cyrillic : Царска Планина , " Tsar 's Mountain"), as a reference to the capitals ( Prizren and Skopje ), courts (Nerodimlje, Pauni, Svrčin , etc.) and monasteries ( monastery of the Holy Archangels ) of the Serbian Empire located in

1323-401: The first foreigner to receive this title, but his descendants continued to use Bulgar title " Kanasubigi ". The sainted Boris I is sometimes retrospectively referred to as tsar, because at his time Bulgaria was converted to Christianity . However, the title "tsar" (and its Byzantine Greek equivalent basileus ) was actually adopted and used for the first time by his son Simeon I , following

1372-808: The grace of God Almighty, the Emperor and Supreme Autocrat of all the Russias, Tsar of Moscow, Kiev, Vladimir , Novgorod , Kazan , Astrakhan , Poland , Siberia , Tauric Chersonese, and Georgia , Lord of Pskov , Grand Duke of Smolensk , Lithuania , Volhynia , Podolia and Finland , Prince of Estonia , Livonia , Courland and Semigalia , Samogitia , Białystok , Karelia , Tver , Yugra , Perm , Vyatka , Bulgaria , and other territories; Lord and Grand Duke of Nizhny Novgorod , Chernigov ; Ruler of Ryazan , Polotsk , Rostov , Yaroslavl , Beloozero , Udoria , Obdoria , Kondia , Vitebsk , Mstislav , and all northern territories ; Ruler of Iveria , Kartalinia , and

1421-401: The largest compact area covered with pastures on the European continent . The dog breed Šarplaninac comes from this area. The snowy peaks of the Šar Mountains are depicted on the coat of arms of the city of Skopje , which in turn is incorporated in the city's flag. The remains of the Široko complex are located near Mušutište . The complex originates from the period between the 10th and

1470-619: The mountain of Skopska Crna Gora create the Kaçanik Gorge in Kosovo. The Šar Mountains are split from the Nerodimka Mountain by the Sirinić Valley. The Šar National Park is located in Kosovo . Villages and towns that are found near the mountain are: Lakes in the Kosovo part of the Šar Mountains are: In total, there are 70 glacial lakes on Šara. Sharr Mountains National Park is in

1519-607: The mountain, dating from the 12th to the 16th century. Additional 32 monasteries were damaged or demolished during the NATO bombing of Serbia in 1999 and in the later years. Church of the Dormition of the Mother of God in the village of Gotovuša in Sirinićka Župa was built in 16th century. It was destroyed later and rebuilt in the second half of the 19th century. During the works in churchyard in

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1568-535: The mountains are among the highest in the Balkans, with 30 peaks higher than 2,500 m (8,202 ft). In antiquity , the mountains were known as Scardus , Scodrus , or Scordus (το Σκάρδον ὂρος in Polybius and Ptolemy ). It is considered of Indo-European origin (cf. Lithuanian : skardús 'steep'), and has been compared to the toponym Scardona and to the tribal name Scordisci (with Scardus featuring

1617-542: The northwest sections of the mountain's main massif, including the highest peak, Bistra, an spreads over the sections of Prevalac, Ošljak, Ostrovica and Kodža Balkan. The park encompasses several different types of topographic relief : glacial ( cirques , moraines and glacial lakes ), periglacial (snow cirques, sliding blocks, "tundra mosaic" type of micro-shapes in the deposits of silt), karstic and fluvial . There are numerous rivers, springs, creeks, bogs and lakes. In total, there are 1,800 plant species. The mountain

1666-563: The official titles in the First Bulgarian Empire (681–1018), Second Bulgarian Empire (1185–1396), the Kingdom of Bulgaria (1908–1946), the Serbian Empire (1346–1371), and the Tsardom of Russia (1547–1721). The first ruler to adopt the title tsar was Simeon I of Bulgaria . Simeon II , the last tsar of Bulgaria , is the last person to hold this title. The title tsar is derived from

1715-507: The period of Kievan Rus' never styled themselves as tsars. The first Russian ruler to openly break with the khan of the Golden Horde , Mikhail of Tver ( r.  1285–1318 ), assumed the title basileus ton Ros , as well as tsar . Following his assertion of independence from the khan in 1476, Ivan III , the grand prince of Moscow ( r.  1462–1505 ), adopted the title of sovereign of all Russia , and he later also started to use

1764-494: The pope for the "imperial title" conferred upon him. After Bulgaria's liberation from the Ottomans in 1878, its new monarchs were at first autonomous prince ( knyaz ). With the declaration of full independence, Ferdinand I of Bulgaria adopted the traditional title "tsar" in 1908 and it was used until the abolition of the monarchy in 1946. However, these titles were not generally perceived as equivalents of "emperor" any longer. In

1813-534: The rare habitats of Balkan lynx , the largest European cat. It is estimated that on the entire Balkans there are no more than 100 specimens. European pond turtle and Hermann's tortoise , only two European species of freshwater turtles, live on the mountain. There are 147 butterfly species (excluding moths), 45 amphibians and reptilians and 37 mammalian species. Other animals include bear , chamois , wolf , roe deer , wild boar and other species including many bird species. The national park contains 720 chamois while

1862-530: The region. In the medieval period, Serbs called the mountain " Mlečni " ( Cyrillic : Млечни ), because of the major milk production on the mountain and the vast herds of cattle, goats and sheep. In the golden bull issued by Emperor Dušan on 20 September 1349, he says: "I also bequest all of mine estates and areas around the Mlečni Mountain ("Milk Mountain"), the Durlev estates and all the metochions and all

1911-558: The relic species is Natalie's ramonda . It went extinct from the most of Europe during the last ice age and today grows as an endemic species in several gorges in Serbia, North Macedonia and Greece. It has been chosen as the Serbian symbol for the Armistice Day . Rusenica locality on the mountain has been in the first level of protection, as the strict reserve of nature, since 1955. It is one of

1960-417: The stable and very well-grown vegetables and local fruits. According to the statistical office of North Macedonia , Džepčište numbers about 760 residential homes. Approximately 700 of them are inhabited by Albanians and around 9 houses with ethnic Macedonians . Many individuals from this village live abroad, especially in European countries where they work and live, many with their families. According to

2009-602: The succession and claimed the same titles as a dynast in Thessaly. After his death around 1370, he was succeeded in his claims by his son John Uroš , who retired to a monastery in about 1373. The title tsar was used once by church officials of Kievan Rus' in the naming of Yaroslav the Wise , the grand prince of Kiev ( r.  1019–1054 ). This may have related to Yaroslav's war against Byzantium and to his efforts to distance himself from Constantinople . However, other princes during

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2058-512: The territory of Kosovo and covers 534.69 km (206 sq mi) on the northern slopes of the Šar Mountains as well as the mountains of Oshlak and Jezercë . The National Park "Šar-Planina Mt." was proclaimed in 1986 within the temporary boundaries of 390.00 km (150.58 sq mi), and opened in 1995. The final boundaries of the Park were expanded in 2012 to cover an area of 534.69 km (206.44 sq mi). The park occupies

2107-467: The title of "tsar" is more honorable for Muscovites than "kaiser" or "king" exactly because it was God and not some earthly potentate who ordained to apply it to David, Solomon, and other kings of Israel. Samuel Collins , a court physician to Tsar Alexis in 1659–66, styled the latter "Great Emperor", commenting that "as for the word Czar , it has so near relation to Cesar ... that it may well be granted to signifie Emperor. The Russians would have it to be

2156-624: The title of tsar regularly in diplomatic relations with the West. From about 1480, he is designated as imperator in his Latin correspondence, as keyser in his correspondence with the Swedish regent, and as kejser in his correspondence with the Danish king, Teutonic Knights , and the Hanseatic League . Ivan's son Vasily III continued using these titles. Sigismund von Herberstein (1486–1566) observed that

2205-500: The titles of kaiser and imperator were attempts to render the Russian term tsar into German and Latin, respectively. The title-inflation related to Russia's growing ambitions to become an Orthodox " third Rome ", after the fall of Constantinople in 1453. The monarch in Moscow was recognized as an emperor by Holy Roman Emperor Maximilian I in 1514. However, the first Russian ruler to be formally crowned as tsar of all Russia

2254-686: The wealth and treasure of that region". The bull is kept in the Dubrovnik Archive . The mountain borders extend from the city of Prizren , following the two rivers of the Prizrenska Bistrica and the Lepenac . In the east, it passes by the town of Kaçanik through the Kaçanik Gorge and into North Macedonia via the Polog Valley . The border passes near the Vardar spring called Vrutok and enters near

2303-517: Was Ivan IV ("the Terrible"), in 1547. Some foreign ambassadors—namely, Herberstein (in 1516 and 1525), Daniel Printz a Buchau (in 1576 and 1578) and Just Juel (in 1709)—indicated that the word "tsar" should not be translated as "emperor", because it is applied by Russians to David , Solomon and other Biblical kings, who are simple reges . On the other hand, Jacques Margeret , a bodyguard of False Demetrius I ( r.  1605–1606 ), argues that

2352-457: Was crowned as such in Skopje on Easter (April 16) 1346 by the newly elevated Serbian patriarch, alongside the Bulgarian patriarch and archbishop of Ohrid. On the same occasion, he had his wife Helena of Bulgaria crowned as empress and his son associated in power as king. When Dušan died in 1355, his son Stefan Uroš V became the next emperor. The new emperor's uncle Simeon Uroš (Siniša) contested

2401-561: Was increasingly viewed as inferior to "emperor" or as highlighting the oriental side of the rank. Upon annexing Crimea in 1783, Catherine the Great adopted the hellenicized title "tsaritsa of Tauric Chersonesos ", rather than "tsaritsa of the Crimea". By 1815, when Russia annexed a large part of Poland, the title had clearly come to be interpreted in Russia as the equivalent of Polish król ("king"), and

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