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59-626: The search for a suitable site for an airfield started in 1909. On 1 August 1910 improvement of the swamp started and on 22 October 1910 the first airshow was held on the Airfield Dübendorf. Since 1914, Dübendorf has been used as an air base by the Swiss Air Force . From 1919 on Dübendorf was also an airport for civil airlines, first for the predecessor of Swissair, the Ad Astra Aero , and from 1932 on for Swissair . During World War II there

118-523: A growth version to replace the SA 330 Puma, first flew in September 1977. It was fitted with two 1,330 kW Turbomeca Makila 1A1 turboshaft engines, composite rotor blades, improved landing gear and a modified tailfin. In 1990 all military Super Puma designations were changed from "AS 332" to "AS 532 Cougar" to distinguish between the civil and military variants of the helicopter. Canada had considered purchasing

177-510: A long-term full scale air conflict. So the main Swiss Air Force mission is to guarantee Swiss air sovereignty and air defence throughout the country. This is achieved by: Its secondary missions are executing airlift, reconnaissance operations, and gathering and interpreting intelligence for the Swiss political and military leadership. Through the years, the Swiss Air Force traditionally had been

236-461: A militia-based service, including its pilots. Its inventory existed of approximately 450 aircraft whose operational service life overlapped several eras. Beginning with its separation from the army in 1966 the Air Force has been reduced in size (currently about 230 fixed and rotary-wing aircraft) moving towards a small professional cadre with fewer reserves and conscripted supporting personnel. Currently

295-648: A permanent home at Dübendorf. Switzerland remained neutral and isolated during the conflict, and the air corps confined its activities to training and exercises, reconnaissance and patrol. It was only with the worsening international situation in the 1930s that an effective air force was established at great cost, with up-to-date Messerschmitt Bf 109 and Morane-Saulnier D‐3800 fighters ordered from Germany and France respectively (the Moranes were licence-built in Switzerland). The Swiss Air Force as an autonomous military service

354-447: A separate service independent from the Army , under its present name Schweizer Luftwaffe . With the prospect of a future World War 3 involving nuclear weapons , jet aircraft were purchased: 75 De Havilland Vampires in 1950, followed by over 100 De Havilland Venoms and the same number of Hawker Hunters . The Venoms served until 1983; Vampires until 1990 and Hunters even until 1994. In

413-466: A short-hop test flight was made on 3 December 2009, piloted by Markus Scherdel. In August 2013, after setting several records including a cross-U.S. flight, the aircraft returned to Dübendorf to be placed in storage. Solar Impulse also caused the second landing of the largest aircraft to land at the airport, when a Boeing 747-400F belonging to Cargolux brought Solar Impulse back. A Swissair Jumbo had once landed empty at Dübendorf. On 22 September 2015,

472-557: A variant of the Northrop Grumman AN/TPS-75 and are deployable in areas of difficult terrain or where specific coverage is needed. Peacetime TAFLIR deployment locations are at Dübendorf Air Base and Emmen. In time of crisis or at war they can be deployed anywhere. Air surveillance in Switzerland (including the airspace of Liechtenstein) is also called Permanent Air Surveillance (PLÜ); uninterrupted 24/365 coverage with

531-560: Is a performance by the Air Force for anyone interested. It is the only event where everybody may have a look at a live exercise at 1,700 m (5,600 ft) above sea level. The use of helicopter ops at high altitudes, search & rescue and firefighting demonstrations also have become a large part of the Axalp air show. After World War II, the service was renamed Airforce and Anti-Aircraft Command ( Schweizerische Flugwaffe Kommando der Flieger und Fliegerabwehrtruppen ). In 1966, this became

590-665: Is a twin-engine, medium-weight, multipurpose helicopter developed by Eurocopter . The AS532 is a development and upgrade of the Aérospatiale SA 330 Puma in its militarized form. Its civilian counterpart is the Eurocopter AS332 Super Puma (Later called the Airbus Helicopters H215 , note the lack of M suffix). The AS532 has been further developed as the Eurocopter EC725 . The AS332 Super Puma, designed as

649-462: Is always connected to the Air Defence & Direction Center (ADDC or air ops centre) at Dübendorf Air Base and fully operational on-line on a 24/7 basis, monitoring Swiss airspace. Depending on the international situation, more facilities will be manned; in case of crisis or war (ADDC and 4 facilities operational) radarcoverage will be extended far beyond the Swiss boundaries. Each of these facilities

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708-491: Is capable of making all battle management decisions in case of elimination of the ADDC or other facilities. The first FLORAKO unit activated in 2003 and the operational lifetime of this hi-tech system is guaranteed by its manufacturers for at least 25 years. The system consists of: The radar system may eventually be completed by 2 mobile TAFLIR ( TA ktische FLI eger R adars – Tactical Flight Radars). These AN/MPQ-64 radars are

767-600: Is hoped to ensure the continued existence of the fixed wing aircraft operating in Dübendorf. Since the capacity of Zurich Airport will (according to the Monitoring Report published by FOCA ) hit a limit wall, Dübendorf Air Base has been proposed as a future relief airport , preferable to Linate Airport . Otherwise the use of the Dübendorf Air Base has been proposed as "the 4th runway of Zurich Airport". As far as

826-535: Is the main peacetime activity of the Swiss Air Force. The Air Force distinguishes two types of mission, live mission (observation, identification) and hot mission (intervention). The Ground Based Air Defence (GBAD) is currently headquartered at Emmen airbase. Formerly it used the fixed emplacement BL-64 "Bloodhound" missile system. The current system uses three shorter ranged but mobile systems which may be deployed anywhere. The Swiss Air Force supports third party organisations with equipment and staff. It provides

885-656: The Airbus A310 Zero-G reduced gravity aircraft flew from Dübendorf Air Base, in the first operational flight of a Zero-G Airbus outside France. The first public parabolic flight took place on 22 October 2016. Today Dübendorf AB is the home of Lufttransport Staffel 3 and Lufttransport Staffel 4 (Air Transport Squadron 3 and 4) with Eurocopter EC635 , Eurocopter AS332 Super Puma , Eurocopter AS532 Cougar , De Havilland Canada Twin Otter , Beechcraft 1900 and Beechcraft Super King Air . Dübendorf is, together with Locarno AB ,

944-520: The F/A-18 Hornet was decisive in its selection. Designed for carrier-borne operations, it was optimally suited to operate from very short runways with steep take-offs. Its radar allowed detection of multiple targets and simultaneously engaging with medium-range air-to-air missiles. Between 1996 and 1999, 34 licence-built Hornets left the assembly lines at Emmen . As the F/A-18 size is larger than either

1003-483: The F/A-18C Hornet to Meiringen AB in 2005 the history of fighter aircraft in Dübendorf ended. The air base was equipped with retractable arresting gear devices at both ends of the runway, which were used by the F/A-18. This was removed after 2005. On 26 June 2009, the long-range experimental solar-powered aircraft Solar Impulse 1 was first presented to the public at Dübendorf Air Base. Following taxi testing,

1062-542: The FLORAKO system, wherein the Identifications Officer (IDO) and Track Monitor (TM) monitor and represent the general Recognized Air Picture (RAP). The Air Force has several operational centres. In peacetime, the primary military command centre is at Dübendorf Air Base joint with the civilian air traffic control Skyguide . The locations of the other operational centres are classified. The command centres are part of

1121-671: The KFOR , some supported in large-scale events for relief abroad (e.g. Sumatra after the tsunami). The Air Force supports the Federal Office of Public Health, National Emergency Operations Centre and conducts regular ENSI flights collecting airquality data and radioactivity measurements; it also does parabolic F-5 flights as part of the ARES program of the ETH Zurich and other research institutions. The Air Force also modified all diplomatic flights outside

1180-464: The Mirage III or Tiger II the caverns in the mountains used to protect the aircraft had to be enlarged, a continuing process as of 2011. The 100th anniversary of the Swiss Air Force has been celebrated in 2014 with the airshow Air14 at Payerne . Switzerland is a small country which has always kept its neutrality. Therefore, its air component is also limited in size and not capable of fighting

1239-604: The WEF at Davos . Also located at Dübendorf AFB is: Current plans are that from 2016 on, only the Swiss Air Force will use helicopters at Dübendorf and that the Rega and the Kantons Polizei will have to move their helicopters to the opposite side of the airfield (next to the military helicopter hangars). The government has allowed a mixed civil/military use of Dübendorf AB and the joint use of aircraft maintenance companies such Jet Aviation

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1298-533: The Dübendorf Airfield seems to be one of the oldest worldwide still existing, it is proposed to be evaluated as UNESCO World Heritage . One part of the property will be used to build a so-called Innovationspark (factory, office rooms and apartments for start up enterprises). The further development of the airfield area was judged to be inadmissible by the administrative court of the canton of Zürich in July 2020 and

1357-737: The F-5s. However, in a national referendum in May 2014 a majority of Swiss rejected the purchase of the Gripen. This included continued operation of the Patrouille Suisse on F-5E. To reduce the risk of a negative referendum outcome the Swiss defence ministry revised its procurement strategy. With its Air 2030 programme The Swiss government now opted for a planning order for a combined purchase of new fighters together with long-range groundbased air defences (GBAD). This programme valued at CHF8 billion ($ 8.1 billion),

1416-634: The FLORIDA ( FL ugsicherungs O perations R adar ID entifikation A larm – Flight Ops, Radar Identifying, and Alerting) air defense system. Since its phasing out, however, the Swiss airspace control and defence is being carried out by the THALES Raytheon FLORAKO . This system is being operated from 4 fixed locations on the Pilatus , Scopi , Weisshorn and Weissfluh mountains. At least one of these Command, Control, and Communications (C3) facilities

1475-513: The Swiss Air Force because of the tourist industry. Due to these reasons, the Swiss Air Force is increasingly participating in air defence training exercises with many NATO counterparts. These exercises have covered the 2006 Winter Olympics in Turin , the Euro 2008 football championships, and the annual World Economic Forum . During the past 35 years, Swiss military and civil airspace control depended on

1534-729: The Swiss F-18 component reached its 50,000 flight hour milestone. Due to the RUAG Upgrade 21 (UG21) programme between 2004 and 2009 and the Mid-Life Update (MLU) its operational lifecycle will be guaranteed until 2022. From 2011 the air force intended to start the Partial F-5 Tiger Replacement programme for 22 new aircraft with the JAS 39 Gripen , Eurofighter Typhoon and Dassault Rafale as replacement candidates. In November 2011

1593-550: The Swiss air force has a peacetime strength of 1,600 career military and about 20,000 reservists on call. Its air defence consists of 30 McDonnell Douglas F/A-18 Hornets and 53 Northrop F-5 Tiger IIs (110 purchased in 1978–85). The F/A-18 pilots are career military; the F-5 pilots however are reservists (mostly air- or freight-liner pilots with F-5 rating). During reserve duty periods they are assigned to military duties refreshing their operational live flying training and rating. In 2008,

1652-542: The Swiss government announced its decision to buy 22 Gripen New Generation fighters. The contract for the 22 aircraft was signed at 3.1 billion Swiss francs. On 25 August 2012, the order was confirmed by both the Swedish and Swiss authorities. The first new aircraft would be delivered in 2018 and the intention was to lease 11 current generation (eight JAS 39Cs/3 JAS 39Ds) Gripen fighters from 2016 to 2020 in order to train Swiss fighter pilots while avoiding expensive upkeep of

1711-447: The U.S. military in Bern, U.S. military attaché Barnwell R. Legge , instructed the soldiers not to flee so as to allow the U.S. Legation to coordinate their escape attempts, but the majority of the soldiers thought it was a diplomatic ruse or did not receive the instruction directly. On 1 October 1944 Switzerland housed 39,670 internees in all: 20,650 from Italy, 10,082 from Poland, 2,643 from

1770-617: The United States, 1,121 from the United Kingdom (including five Australians), 822 from the Soviet Union, and 245 from France. In September the Office of Strategic Services (OSS) was commissioned by the U.S. Supreme Command to organize the escapes of 1,000 American internees, but the task was not effectively accomplished before late winter 1944/45. Soldiers who were caught after their escape from

1829-510: The airfield brigade 32 was founded as part of a reorganization. The airbase group comprised all military airfields in Switzerland, around 16,000 members of the army. Built up by a: In combination with the Bundesamt für Militärflugplätze (BAMF), this organization, together with its ZV Central Administration in Dübendorf, constituted a robust structure, which could be activated by mobilization within 48 hours. The Patrouille Suisse aerobatics team

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1888-483: The biggest arms procurement programme in modern Swiss history. Defence minister Viola Amherd unveiled results of studies tackling the defence procurement package: fighters replacing both the current F-5 Tigers and F/A-18 Hornets scheduled to be retired in the 2020s as well as a reconfigured GBAD. Armasuisse , the Federal Office for Defence Procurement, asked several firms to submit pricing for 40 aircraft including missile armament and logistics as well as an assessment of

1947-497: The cantonal design plan “Innovation Park Zurich” was repealed. The Zurich government council referred the judgment to the federal court. Swiss Air Force The Swiss Air Force ( German : Schweizer Luftwaffe ; French : Forces aériennes suisses ; Italian : Forze aeree svizzere ; Romansh : Aviatica militara svizra ) is the air component of the Swiss Armed Forces , established on 31 July 1914, three days after

2006-544: The civilian radar Skyguide with FLORAKO radardata enabling safe air traffic management. Air Force helicopters and drones regularly conduct surveillance flights for the Border Guard Corps GWK, for general surveillance at major events and search flights ( SAR ) for national police and Rega (air rescue) . The Fire Department also uses its drones and helicopters with FLIR to locate forestfires and to extinguish them with Bambibuckets . 3 helicopters supported Swisscoy in

2065-499: The end of the 1950s, reflecting both the threat of possible invasion by the Soviet Union and a nuclear warfare , Swiss military doctrine changed to mobile defence that included missions outside its territory, in order to defeat stand-off attacks and nuclear threats, including the possibility of defensive employment of air-delivered nuclear weapons . However the inability to field a force capability to carry out such missions led to

2124-463: The form of balloon transport, pioneered by Swiss balloonist Eduard Spelterini , but by 1914 there was still little official support for an air corps. The outbreak of World War I changed opinions drastically and cavalry officer Theodor Real was charged with forming a flying corps. He commandeered three civilian aircraft at Bern's airfield and set about training the initial nine pilots at a makeshift airfield close to Wankdorf Stadium , later moving to

2183-889: The home base of the PC-7 Team and the Super Puma/Cougar Display Team. Other Swiss military aircraft such as the Pilatus PC-6 Turbo-Porter and Pilatus PC-9 are often seen in Dübendorf, less often the Dassault Falcon 900 , Cessna Citation Excel or the Armasuisse Diamond DA42 and Pilatus PC-12 . Under supervision of the Swiss Air Force, Dübendorf is also used by friendly nations in the context of exercises or joint missions (e.g. Austrian C-130 or German CH-53 ). Dübendorf acts also as parking space for private business jets and government jets during

2242-482: The internment camp, were often detained in the Wauwilermoos internment camp near Luzern. Official Swiss records identify 6,501 airspace violations during the course of the war, with 198 foreign aircraft landing on Swiss territory and 56 aircraft crashing there. With the threat of WW2 and the possible need for the army and civilian population to retreat into the mountains ( Reduit ) as proposed by General Guisan, it

2301-540: The late 1940s Switzerland purchased the North American P-51 Mustang from US surplus WW2 stock. The aircraft initially was intended as a stop-gap solution for the Swiss army in order to maintain a defence force during a time when the outdated Bf 109E's and Swiss built D-3801 Moranes were being phased out but the licensed production of the British designed Dh-100 Vampires and Dh-112 Venoms was not in full swing. At

2360-520: The newly opened Zurich Airport and Dübendorf became a purely military airfield. Dübendorf had been considered for expansion as Switzerland's primary international airport, but the Federal government reportedly preferred the development of a new Zurich airport for dedicated civil use for technical reasons including the difficulties inherent in a shared military and civil facility. During the Cold War , Dübendorf

2419-470: The next decades. On the 30th of June 2021 the F-35A was announced as the winner of the competition. On 10 December 2010, the last 20 outdated Aérospatiale Alouette III were replaced by two VIP configuration Eurocopter EC135s and 18 Eurocopter EC635s . The first EC-635 was delivered in 2008. In peacetime the air defence radar coverage is maintained on a 24/7 basis. Until late 2020, the aviator corps however

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2478-445: The number of aircraft necessary to fulfil Swiss needs and kicked off the competition for 5 types of combat aircraft under consideration (Eurofighter Typhoon, Boeing F-18 Super Hornet, Dassault Rafale, Lockheed Martin F-35A and Saab Gripen E) at Payerne airbase. With a reconfigured GBAD system covering appx 15,000 km2 in the densely populated Swiss plateau the balance between fighter aircraft and ground-based air defence would be ensured for

2537-632: The opening times of the FOCA and represents the REGA (Swiss Air Rescue) communication systems. The Swiss Air Force operates the Rescue Coordination Center "RCC Zurich" on behalf of the FOCA at the Dübendorf Air Base . (2023) Panther 33.700 6×6 A135 Flugfeldlöschwagen schwer Eurocopter AS532 Cougar The Eurocopter AS532 Cougar (now Airbus Helicopters H215M )

2596-536: The outbreak of World War I , as a part of the army and in October 1936 as an independent service. In peacetime, Dübendorf is the operational air force headquarters. The Swiss Air Force operates from several fixed bases (see current status) but its personnel are also trained to carry out air operations from temporary highway airstrips. In case of crisis or war, several stretches of road are specially prepared for this option. The first military aviation in Switzerland took

2655-552: The prototypes EFW N-20 and FFA P-16 , Switzerland did not invest in development combat aircraft anymore. In 1964 the procurement of the Dassault Mirage 3 fighters (1964–2002) caused a scandal due to severe budget overruns . The commander, the chief of the general staff and the minister of defence were forced to resign, followed by a complete restructuring of the air force and air defence units in 1968 and leading to separation of users and procurement officials. In February 1968,

2714-420: The return of traditional "protection of own territory" doctrine. Meanwhile, the army started preparing ad hoc airbases in the mountains, with sections of highway strengthened to act as runways and hangars carved out of the mountains . In 1954 the first Air Radar Recruit School activated, the first early warning radar systems were installed and the concept of command & control facilities at mountain summits

2773-447: The threat. The aim for a 24-hour Quick Reaction Alert readiness of two armed F/A-18 fighters was achieved on 31 December 2020. A major problem in defending the Swiss airspace is the size of the country. The Swiss maximum extension is only 348 kilometres (216 mi). Commercial airliners may pass over in about 15–20 minutes, while fast jets would take even less time. However, noise-abatement issues traditionally caused problems for

2832-440: The unit "Einsatz Luftwaffe," the chief of which is directly subordinate to the commander of the Air Force. It consists of the operations center of the Air Force, redundant direct connections to the emergency organizations ( air rescue and federal police ), as well as to the 2 Skyguide air traffic centers (Geneva and Zurich) and to the relevant military and civilian air traffic control centers of neighboring countries. Air policing

2891-509: The war, the Allied bomber offensive sometimes took US or British bombers into Swiss airspace, either damaged craft seeking safe haven or even on occasions bombing Swiss cities by accident. Swiss aircraft would attempt to intercept individual aircraft and force them to land, interning the crews. Only one further Swiss pilot was killed during the war, shot down by a US fighter in September 1944. From September red and white neutrality bands were added to

2950-426: The war: six aircraft by Swiss Air Force fighters and nine by anti-aircraft cannons ; 36 American and British airmen were killed. Repaired by USAAF technicians, on 7 September 1945, around 60 U.S. aircraft took off from Dübendorf to return to their bases, where they were scrapped. The backbone of the Swiss Air Force during this time consisted of Bf 109 E and Morane-Saulnier M.S.406 . In 1948, civil aviation moved to

3009-581: The wings of aircraft to stop accidental attacks on Swiss aircraft by Allied aircraft. From 1943 Switzerland shot down American and British aircraft, mainly bombers, overflying Switzerland during World War II: six by Swiss air force fighters and nine by flak cannons. 36 Allied airmen were killed. On 1 October 1943 the first American bomber was shot down near Bad Ragaz : Only three men survived. Officers were interned in Davos , airmen in Adelboden . The representative of

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3068-404: Was also introduced in which the air superiority fighter in interceptor role stood central. In 1974 the first 2 Northrop F-5 Tiger fighters were tested and in 1978 the first F-5 Tiger fighter/interceptor squadron became operational. In the late 1980s changing political and military world situations implied the need for multirole aircraft in the Air Force. After evaluation, the performance of

3127-473: Was clear that the army air force needed the ability to attack enemy ground forces in the mountains. To practice this Axalp was selected. After WW2 ground attack by jet aircraft was practiced at Axalp, including strafing and bombing exercises. During the Cold War, military liaison officers from western, eastern and non-aligned nations were invited to the screenings. Nowadays Axalpfliegerschiessen ("Airshow Axalp")

3186-548: Was created in October 1936. Although Switzerland remained neutral throughout World War II , it had to deal with numerous violations of its airspace by combatants from both sides – initially by German aircraft, especially during their invasion of France in 1940. Zealous Swiss pilots attacked and shot down eleven German aircraft, losing two of their own, before a threatening memorandum from the German leadership forced General Guisan to forbid air combat above Swiss territory. Later in

3245-545: Was founded in 1964, the 50th anniversary year of Swiss army aviation. In 1969, air force logistics and air defence were reassigned into brigades, the Armed Forces Meteo Group and Avalanche Rescue Service came under air force and air defence command and the Para Reconnaissance Company was established. In the 1970s major manoeuvres with over 22,000 participants took place. A new air defence concept

3304-582: Was incapable of maintaining a matching state of readiness due to limited budget and lack of staff available and was operated from 06:00-22:00 local time only. This became painfully clear as the Swiss Air Force was unable to respond to the Ethiopian Airlines ET702 hijacking in February 2014 which occurred outside routine operating hours. Agreements with Italy and France in particular enabled fighters from both air forces to enter Swiss airspace to handle

3363-471: Was introduced; leading to acquisition of the FLORIDA early warning and command guidance system in 1965 followed by the current FLORAKO system in 2003. At the same time, ground-based air defence (GBAD) projects were initiated such as radar-equipped medium-caliber guns with an integrated 63 Superfledermaus (Superbat) fire control system' as well as the BL-64 ‘Bloodhound’ air defence missile system (1964–1999). After

3422-477: Was the home of Aérospatiale Alouette II and Alouette III helicopters and jets such as the de Havilland Vampire , de Havilland Venom , Hawker Hunter , Dassault Mirage III and Northrop F-5 Tiger II while it was not a war base. Dübendorf was the home base for the Patrouille Suisse aerobatic team until they moved to Emmen Air Base . With the move of Fliegerstaffel 11 (Fighter Squadron 11) Tigers with

3481-409: Was virtually no civil flying activity. Any foreign military aircraft that was interned by Switzerland was held at Dübendorf, including about 120 United States Army Air Forces (USAAF) B-17 Flying Fortress and B-24 Liberator bombers, together with one Luftwaffe Me 262 jet fighter. From 1943, Switzerland shot down USAAF and Royal Air Force aircraft, mainly bombers, overflying Switzerland during

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