Câmpina ( Romanian pronunciation: [ˈkɨmpina] ) is a city in Prahova County , Romania, north of the county seat Ploiești , located on the main route between Wallachia and Transylvania . Its existence is first attested in a document of 1503. It is situated in the historical region of Muntenia .
90-458: The city is located in the western part of Prahova County, 34 km (21 mi) northwest of the county seat, Ploiești . It is situated in a hilly region, at the southern end of the Prahova Valley , on the banks of the river Prahova , in between the rivers Câmpea and Doftana . Câmpina is crossed by national road DN1 , which links Bucharest , 100 km (62 mi) to the south, with
180-488: A unifier towards the middle of the 19th century. Such an interpretation is completely lacking in the historiography of the 17th-century chroniclers, and even in that of the Transylvanian School around 1800. What they emphasized, apart from the exceptional personality of Michael himself, were the idea of Christendom and his close relations with Emperor Rudolf. The conqueror's ambition is likewise frequently cited as
270-570: A continuously growing market, but the pay rate for employees is lower than expected. There are four McDonald's restaurants in Ploiești and three KFCs . The German retailer Tengelmann built a depot in Ploiești to support a €200 million regional expansion plan. With its Interex ( ro ) operation, the French independent retailer Intermarché intends to become a distribution leader in the Balkans. In Romania
360-476: A full-scale war against the remaining Ottoman forces. He subsequently joined forces with Sigismund Báthory's 40,000-man army (led by Stephen Bocskai ) and counterattacked the Ottomans, freeing the towns of Târgoviște (8 October), Bucharest (12 October) and Brăila , temporarily removing Wallachia from Ottoman suzerainty. The fight against the Ottomans continued in 1596 when Michael made several incursions south of
450-470: A great loss, without producing any significant delay in operation or production. Soviet Red Army troops captured Ploiești on 24 August 1944. Following the war, the new Communist régime of Romania nationalised the oil industry , which had largely been privately owned, and made massive investments in the oil- and petroleum-industry in a bid to modernise the country and to repair the war damage. The population of Ploiești went from 56,460, as indicated by
540-693: A member of the Greek noble family Kantakouzenoi , present in Wallachia and Moldavia, and allegedly descended from the Byzantine Emperor John VI Kantakouzenos . She was born in the Greek region of Epirus and she may have been the sister of the famous Greek magnate Michael Kantakouzenos Şeytanoğlu , as well as the cousin of Iane Cantacuzino [ ro ] . Michael could probably speak Greek too, besides Romanian. Michael's political rise
630-572: A motivation for his action, occupying in the interpretative schema the place that was later to be occupied by the Romanian idea . In the writings of the Moldavian chronicler Miron Costin , Michael the Brave appears in the role of conqueror of Transylvania and Moldavia, "the cause of much spilling of blood among Christians", and not even highly appreciated by his own Wallachians : "The Wallachians became tired of
720-690: A peace finally emerged in January 1597, but this lasted for only a year and a half. Peace was again reached in late 1599, when Michael was unable to continue the war due to lack of support from his allies. In 1599, Michael won the Battle of Șelimbăr against Andrew Báthory and soon entered Gyulafehérvár (today Alba Iulia, Romania), becoming the imperial governor (i.e. de facto ruler) of Transylvania, under Habsburg suzerainty. A few months later, Michael's troops invaded Moldavia and reached its capital, Iași . The Moldavian leader Ieremia Movilă fled to Poland and Michael
810-573: A plain forest, made up predominantly of pedunculate oak trees ( Quercus robur ). Other varieties of oak trees such as the sessile oak ( Quercus petraea ) also existed. Remnants of the old forest still exist and some trees are currently protected, such as two old oak trees in Ghighiu , on the southern periphery of the city. In current times the vegetation is typical of urban settlements, made up of ornamental plants, plantations of chestnuts , aspen and black locust . Parks and other green areas are limited:
900-646: A princely burial in the Roman Catholic Cathedral of Gyulafehérvár . With his enemy dead, Michael entered the Transylvanian capital at Gyulafehérvár and received the keys to the fortress from Bishop Demeter Naprágyi , later depicted as a seminal event in Romanian historiography . Historian István Szamosközy , keeper of the Archives at the time, recorded the event in great detail. He also wrote that two days before
990-509: A rapid pace because of the intense economic development of the area. In 1810, during the years of the Ottoman occupation, there were only around 2,024 inhabitants in the present-day city. In 1837 this grew to 3,000 inhabitants, 11 years after the Union in 1859 the population was 26,458, while in 1884 the number stood at 32,000. During the early 20th century, the population of Ploiești grew even more, due to
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#17328757933671080-654: A total length of 415.46 km (258.15 mi); two trolley-bus lines having a total length of 19.9 km (12.4 mi) and two tram lines having a total length of 23.8 km (14.8 mi). Ploiești is home to the Ploiești Philharmonic Orchestra —one of the top-rated philharmonic orchestras in Romania, a prominent football club , FC Petrolul Ploiești , women handball club CSM Ploiești from Liga Națională and basketball team CSU Asesoft . There are many cultural and architectural monuments, including
1170-615: Is 748.2 mm (29.46 in). The city lies on the Wallachian Plain , having an average altitude of 150 m (490 ft). The surrounding landscape is influenced by its position around the Prahova River, whose stream bed lies 25 km (16 mi) to the west. The Teleajen River passes through the city while the Dâmbu River passes through the north-eastern neighbourhoods. The vegetation of Ploiești used to be characterised by
1260-511: Is a city and county seat in Prahova County , Romania . Part of the historical region of Muntenia , it is located 56 km (35 mi) north of Bucharest . The area of Ploiești is around 60 km (23 sq mi), and it borders the Blejoi commune in the north, Bărcănești and Brazi communes in the south, Târgșoru Vechi commune in the west, and Bucov and Berceni communes in
1350-400: Is also an important transport hub , linking the capital with the regions of Transylvania and Moldavia . The city has direct access to Prahova Valley , one of the most important alpine tourism areas in Romania. WWII refineries (monthly metric tonnes) : Though likely settled much earlier, Ploiești first appeared in documents in the 16th century during the reign of Michael the Brave ,
1440-454: Is considered one of Romania's greatest national heroes. Since the 19th century, Michael the Brave has been regarded by Romanian nationalists as a symbol of Romanian unity, as his reign marked the first time all principalities inhabited by Romanians were under the same ruler. His rule over Wallachia began in the autumn of 1593. Two years later, war with the Ottomans began, a conflict in which
1530-748: Is run by TCE Ploiești and includes an extensive network of buses, trolleybuses and trams/ streetcars . Ploiești's distinctive yellow bus fleet is one of the most modern in Southeastern Europe, providing connections to all areas within the city, for a daily average of 150,000 passengers. The municipal roads comprise over 800 streets with a total length of 324 km (201 mi), 241 km (150 mi) being modern. Around 5,300 vehicles transit Ploiești each day, with East and West ring belts diverting much traffic. The municipal vehicle fleet comprised 256 buses, 36 trams and 25 trolleybuses carrying about 70 millions passengers annually. There are 33 bus lines, with
1620-548: Is situated on the A3 motorway , the main route to Romania's northern and western provinces and the Western EU. Henri Coandă International Airport is 45 km (28 mi) distant, and the ski resorts of the Prahova Valley can be reached in an hour's drive. Ploiești is the second most important railway center in the country after Bucharest , linking Bucharest with Transylvania and Moldavia . The city's public transportation system
1710-444: The 2021 census data, Ploiești had a population of 180,540. The majority of the inhabitants are ethnic Romanians (90.64%), but a Roma minority (2.4%) is present in several neighborhoods of the city—predominantly Bereasca, Mimiu and Radu de la Afumați. For 6.65% of the population, the ethnicity is unknown. Most of the people living in Ploiești declare themselves as Orthodox Christians (90.7%). The population of Ploiești grew at
1800-644: The Banate of Buzău and Brăila in July 1598 and the new ban was charged of keeping an alert eye on Moldavian, Tatar , and Cossack moves, although Michael had been planning a Moldavian campaign for several years. On 28 February 1600 Michael met with Polish envoys in Brassó. He was willing to recognise the Polish King as his sovereign in exchange for the crown of Moldavia and the recognition of his male heirs' hereditary right over
1890-587: The Battle of Mirăslău , forcing the prince to leave Transylvania and retreat to Wallachia with his remaining troops, while the forces of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth entered Moldavia and defeated the forces loyal to Michael the Brave, restoring Ieremia Movilă on the throne. The Polish army led by Jan Zamoyski also advanced in eastern Wallachia and established Simion Movilă as ruler. Forces loyal to Michael remained only in Oltenia . Michael
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#17328757933671980-558: The Kantakouzenos – Asen branch of Asen dinasty : two meeting, standing lions supporting a sword, treading on seven mountains. The Moldavian shield is held by two crowned figures. There are two inscriptions on the seal. First, circular, in Slavonic using Romanian Cyrillic alphabet " IO MIHAILI UGROVLAHISCOI VOEVOD ARDEALSCOI MOLD ZEMLI ", meaning " Io Michael Wallachian Voivode of Transylvanian and Moldavian Lands ". Second, placed along
2070-481: The Mihai Viteazul National College (Ploiești) [ ro ] , the Mihai Viteazul National College (Slobozia) and Mihai Viteazul National College (Galați) The seal comprises the coats of arms of Moldavia, Wallachia, and Transylvania: in the middle, on a shield the Moldavian urus , above Wallachian eagle between sun and moon holding cross in beak, below Byzantine coat of arms, belonging to
2160-595: The Partium region. Michael was, nevertheless, willing to acknowledge Habsburg overlordship. The Moldavian Prince Ieremia Movilă had been an old enemy of Michael, having incited Andrew Báthory to send Michael the ultimatum demanding his abdication. His brother, Simion Movilă , claimed the Wallachian throne for himself and had used the title of Voivode since 1595. Aware of the threat the Movilăs represented, Michael had created
2250-564: The Polish chancellor and hetman Jan Zamoyski and placed Transylvania under the influence of the King of Poland , Sigismund III Vasa . He was also a trusted ally of the new Moldavian Prince Ieremia Movilă , one of Michael's greatest enemies. Movilă had deposed Ștefan Răzvan with the help of Polish hetman Jan Zamoyski in August 1595. Having to face this new threat, Michael asked Emperor Rudolf to become
2340-608: The Turks in Iași and other parts of Moldavia. Mihai continued his attacks deep within the Ottoman Empire, taking the forts of Nicopolis , Ribnic, and Chilia and even reaching as far as Adrianople . In 1595, Sigismund Báthory staged an elaborate plot and had Aaron the Tyrant, voivode of Moldavia, removed from power. István Jósika (Báthory's chancellor and an ethnic Romanian) masterminded
2430-493: The world's first large refinery in Ploiești in 1856–1857. History also remembers the city as the site of the self-styled Republic of Ploiești , a short-lived 1870 revolt against the Romanian monarchy . During World War I , Ploiești's oil production made it a target when the Central Powers invaded Romania in 1916 , a British Army operation commanded by Colonel John Griffiths destroying production and sabotaging much of
2520-483: The 19th Century. The zone extends from the flysch on the north to the Moesian Platform on the south. The zone is marked by alternating deposits of Clay , Marl , Shale and Sand , conglomerate , Salt and Limestone . Structural traps and stratigraphic traps are formed from Salt Diapirism which gave rise to anticline folds and faulting. There are four major alignments of the anticlines, all parallel to
2610-416: The Brave , Romania's highest military decoration , was named after Michael. Mihai Viteazul's name and portrait appear on at least two Romanian coins: 5 Lei 1991 (only 3 pieces of this type were minted and the coin was not entered into circulation), and on 100 Lei, which circulated through the 1990s. At least four major high schools in Romania bear his name: the Mihai Viteazul National College (Bucharest)
2700-636: The Brave continued to negotiate his official position in Transylvania, pleading for direct rule instead of being imperial governor. Michael kept the control of all three provinces for less than a year before the Hungarian nobility of Transylvania rose against him in a series of revolts with the support of the Austrian army commanded by the Italian General Giorgio Basta , defeating Michael the Brave at
2790-568: The Brave then left for Prague , seeking audience with Emperor Rudolf II; however, the emperor refused to allow him audience. But General Giorgio Basta 's governance of Transylvania faced significant opposition from the Hungarian nobility, leading to the reinstallation of Sigismund Báthory , who turned his back on Emperor Rudolf II and declared submission to the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth after receiving substantial military support. This led to Emperor Rudolf II accepting Michael
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2880-497: The Brave's audience and providing him with 100,000 florins to rebuild his army. Meanwhile, forces loyal to Michael in Wallachia led by his son, Nicolae Pătrașcu, drove Simion Movilă out of Moldavia and prepared to reenter Transylvania. Michael the Brave, allied with Giorgio Basta, defeated the Hungarian army at the Battle of Guruslău . A few days later Basta, who sought to control Transylvania himself, assassinated Michael by order of
2970-665: The Carpathian Range. Pliocene sands are the main oil and gas producers, in particular the Meotian (60%) and Dacian (29%), followed by the Miocene Sarmatian (5%) but some oil exists in Miocene Helvetian and Oligocene sandstones. Major producing structures include Moreni-Gura Ocniței, Băicoi-Țintea and Boldești. Ploiești lies in the center of Muntenia , in the central-northern part of the Wallachian Plain . It lies close to
3060-800: The Cultural Palace; the Clock Museum, featuring a collection of clocks and watches gathered by Nicolae Simache; the Oil Museum; the Ploiești Art Museum , donated by the Quintus family; and the Hagi Prodan Museum, dating to 1785: the property of a merchant named Ivan Hagi Prodan, it contains elements of old Romanian architecture and for a short time after World War I it hosted the first museum in Ploiești, "Prahova Museum". In August 2011, Ploiești hosted
3150-620: The Danube at Vidin , Pleven , Nicopolis , and Babadag , where he was assisted by the local Bulgarians during the First Tarnovo Uprising . During late 1596, Michael was faced with an unexpected attack from the Tatars , who had destroyed the towns of Bucharest and Buzău . By the time Michael gathered his army to counterattack, the Tatars had speedily retreated and so no battle was fought. Michael
3240-534: The Danube on 4 August 1595. As his army was outnumbered, Michael avoided carrying the battle in open field, and decided to give battle on a marshy field located near the village of Călugăreni on the Neajlov river. The Battle of Călugăreni started on 13 August and Michael defeated the Ottoman army led by Sinan Pasha . Despite the victory, he retreated to his winter camp in Stoienești because he had too few troops to mount
3330-458: The December 1912 census, up to 252,715 in January 1992. However, since the fall of Communism , the city's population continues to gently fall due to both emigration and a declining birth rate. At the 2002 census, the population was reduced to 232,527. As of the 2011 census data, Ploiești had a population of 209,945, while the proposed Ploiești metropolitan area would number 266,457 persons. As of
3420-535: The Diet met on 10 October, Transylvanian nobles elected Michael the voivode as Prince of Transylvania . As the Diet was assembled, Michael demanded that the estates swear loyalty to Emperor Rudolf, then to himself and thirdly to his son. Even if he was recognized by the Transylvanian diet as only imperial governor subject to the Holy Roman Emperor, he was nonetheless ruler of Transylvania. In Transylvania Michael used
3510-559: The Golden Carpathian European Film & Fair and Goran Bregovic concert. Several prominent writers have been affiliated with the city, including Ion Luca Caragiale , Constantin Dobrogeanu-Gherea , Ioan A. Bassarabescu , Nichita Stănescu , Geo Bogza , Radu Tudoran , composer Paul Constantinescu and philosopher Petre P. Negulescu . Three graduates of the "Sfinții Petru și Pavel" High school were presidents of
3600-642: The Habsburg Emperor Rudolf II. Michael was born in 1558. He claimed to have been the illegitimate son of Wallachian Prince Pătrașcu cel Bun (Pătrașcu the Good), of the Drăculești branch of the House of Basarab ; some historians believe he merely invented his descent in order to justify his rule. His real father was most likely a Greek merchant. His mother was Theodora Kantakouzene [ ro ] ,
3690-458: The Habsburg Emperor; the killing took place near Câmpia Turzii on 9 August 1601. According to Romanian historian Constantin C. Giurescu : Never in Romanian history was a moment of such highness and glory so closely followed by bitter failure. The rule of Michael the Brave, with its break with Ottoman rule, tense relations with other European powers and the leadership of the three states,
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3780-494: The Louis Pasteur Nursing and Pharma School. The city is home to the 3rd-division football club FC Unirea Câmpina and to 4th-division football club FCM Câmpina , founded in 1936. Ploie%C8%99ti Ploiești ( UK : / p l ɔɪ ˈ ɛ ʃ t i / ploy- ESH -tee , US : / p l ɔː ˈ j ɛ ʃ t ( i )/ plaw- YESHT -ee , Romanian: [ploˈjeʃtʲ] ), formerly spelled Ploești ,
3870-553: The Ottomans continued until 26 June 1599, when Michael, lacking the resources and support to continue prosecuting the war, signed a peace treaty. In April 1598, Sigismund resigned as Prince of Transylvania in favor of the Holy Roman Emperor , Rudolf II (who was also the King of Hungary ); reversed his decision in October 1598; and then resigned again in favor of Cardinal Andrew Báthory , his cousin. Báthory had strong ties to
3960-552: The Prince fought the Battle of Călugăreni , resulting in a victory against an army nearly three times the size of the army of Michael the Brave, considered one of the most important battles of his reign. Although the Wallachians emerged victorious from the battle, Michael was forced to retreat with his troops and wait for aid from his allies, Prince Sigismund Báthory of Transylvania and Holy Roman Emperor Rudolf II . The war continued until
4050-450: The Prince of Wallachia ( r. 1593–1601 ). It flourished as a center for trade and handicraft-manufacturing in the 17th and 18th centuries. The road connecting Ploiești to Brașov was opened in 1864, and the railway arrived in 1882. Many schools and hospitals date from this period. In the mid-19th century, the region of Ploiești became one of the world's leading oil -extraction and -refinery sites. The Mehedințeanu brothers opened
4140-523: The Romanian Academy: Andrei Rădulescu , Mihai Drăgănescu and Eugen Simion . The first school in Ploiești was opened in 1777 and by 1832 several other elementary schools are opened. Secondary education is first offered in 1864. Ploiești is home to the following universities and colleges: Important secondary schools in Ploiești are: The Mio- Pliocene Zone in the Ploiești region has been exploited for hydrocarbons and coal since
4230-724: The Romanian inhabitants, who were primarily peasants but, nevertheless, constituted a significant proportion of the population. Michael demonstrated his support by upholding the Union of the Three Nations , which recognized only the traditional rights and privileges of the Hungarians, Székelys and Saxons , but he did not recognize the rights of the Romanians. Indeed, while he brought some of his Wallachian aides to Transylvania, he also invited some Székelys and other Transylvanian Hungarians to assist in
4320-503: The Turks, and signed treaties with his neighbours: Sigismund Báthory of Transylvania, Aaron the Tyrant of Moldavia and the Holy Roman Emperor, Rudolf II (see Holy League of Pope Clement VIII ). He started a campaign against the Turks in the autumn of 1594, conquering several citadels near the Danube , including Giurgiu , Brăila , Hârșova , and Silistra , while his Moldavian allies defeated
4410-410: The Wallachian ruler. On 9 June 1598 a formal treaty was reached between Michael and Rudolf II. According to the treaty, the Austrian ruler would give Wallachia sufficient money to maintain a 5,000-man army, as well as armaments and supplies. Shortly after the treaty was signed, the war with the Ottomans resumed and Michael besieged Nicopolis on 10 September 1598 and took control of Vidin . The war with
4500-517: The Wallachians from Moldavia and defeated Michael at Năieni , Ceptura , and Bucov ( Battle of the Teleajăn River ). The Polish army also entered eastern Wallachia and established Simion Movilă as ruler. Forces loyal to Michael remained only in Oltenia . Michael asked again for assistance from Emperor Rudolf II during a visit in Prague between 23 February and 5 March 1601, which was granted when
4590-414: The administration of Wallachia, where he wished to transplant Transylvania's far more advanced feudal system. Michael began negotiating with the Emperor over his official position in Transylvania. The latter wanted the principality under direct Imperial rule with Michael acting as governor. The Wallachian voivode , on the other hand, wanted the title of Prince of Transylvania for himself and equally claimed
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#17328757933674680-437: The capital city Bucharest and it had close connections with the capital city throughout the centuries. Ploiești lies at the 25°E meridian and the 44°55’N parallel (north). The city occupies a total surface of around 60 km (23 sq mi), out of which 35 km (14 sq mi) is suburban settlements. There exist two rivers in the proximity of the city: the Prahova River , on the south-west, briefly passes through
4770-490: The city of Brassó (today Brașov, Romania). Sparing the city, he moved on to Kerc (today Cârța, Romania), where he joined forces with the Székelys . On 18 October Michael won a decisive victory against the army of prince-cardinal Andrew Báthory at the Battle of Șelimbăr , giving him control of Transylvania. As he retreated from the battle, Andrew Báthory was killed by anti-Báthory Székely on 3 November near Csíkszentdomokos (today Sândominic, Romania) and Michael gave him
4860-409: The city through the Brazi settlement and the Teleajen River passes through the Blejoi , Bucov , Berceni villages. The city lies on Dâmbu River , which springs from the hills around the Băicoi town. Nowadays the Dâmbu River does not have a high flow rate. The climate is similar to that of the nation's capital, Bucharest . According to the Köppen climate classification , the city falls within
4950-406: The concept of the Romanian nation and the desire for unification did not yet exist. A. D. Xenopol firmly states the absence of any national element in Michael's politics, holding that Michael's lack of desire to join the principalities' administrations proved his actions were not motivated by any such concept. Several Romanian settlements named after him, such as: Michael is also commemorated by
5040-504: The construction of the new food plant is part of this plan. In 1950, as a milestone in the development of the petroleum, hydrocarbon processing , and petrochemical industries , the Engineering and Design Institute for Oil Refineries and Petrochemical Plants , SC IPIP SA , a Romanian company with a large range of capabilities and experience, was established at Ploiești. In Ploiești there are four local television channels: Ploiești TV, Valea Prahovei TV, Wyll TV and Prahova TV. Ploiești
5130-402: The east. According to the 2021 census , Ploiești is the tenth most populous city in the country with a population of 180,540. The city grew beginning with the 17th century on an estate bought by ruler Michael the Brave from the local landlords, gradually replacing nearby Wallachian fairs of Târgșor , Gherghița , and Bucov. Its development was accelerated by heavy industrialisation during
5220-514: The emperor heard that General Giorgio Basta had lost control of Transylvania to the Hungarian nobility led by Sigismund Báthory , who accepted Ottoman protection. Meanwhile, forces loyal to Michael in Wallachia led by his son, Nicolae Pătrașcu , drove Simion Movilă out of Wallachia and prepared to reenter Transylvania. Michael, allied with Basta, defeated the Hungarian army in Battle of Guruslău . A few days later, Basta, who sought to control Transylvania himself, assassinated Michael by order of
5310-565: The executive rule of the country. Boyars could no longer be executed without the knowledge and approval of the Transylvanian Prince and, if convicted for treason, their fortunes could no longer be confiscated. Apparently Michael was displeased with the final form of the treaty negotiated by his envoys, but was forced to comply. Prince Michael said in a conversation with the Polish envoy Lubieniecki: ... they did not proceed as stated in their instructions but as their own good required and obtained privileges for themselves. He would try to avoid
5400-447: The expansion of the petrol industry. Even though the city was bombed during World War II, the population of Ploiești recovered, numbering 95,632 inhabitants in January 1948. After the Romanian Revolution of 1989, Ploiești experienced rapid economic loss. The city is situated at just 60 km (37 mi) north of Bucharest , with promising infrastructure projects currently underway. It is a strong industrial center, focused especially on
5490-506: The expression serves only to confirm the absence of any Romanian idea . Samuil Micu , a member of the Transylvanian School wrote in his work Short Explanation of the History of the Romanians (written in the 1790s): "In the year 1593, Michael, who is called the Brave, succeeded to the lordship of Wallachia. He was a great warrior, who fought the Turks and defeated the Transylvanians. And he took Transylvania and gave it to Emperor Rudolf". Petre P. Panaitescu states that in Mihai's time,
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#17328757933675580-441: The first Interex store was opened in June 2002 in Ploiești. The Interex depot and facilities were bought by Penny Market XXL in 2014. Unilever has a detergent plant in Ploiești. By transferring their food production to Ploiești, the company will concentrate all its activities in Romania at the same location. At the beginning of March 2006, Unilever announced they would invest money to build one production center in Romania, and
5670-491: The following signature on official documents: Michael Valachiae Transalpinae Woivoda, Sacrae Caesareae Regiae Majestatis Consiliarius per Transylvaniam Locumtenens, cis transylvaniam partium eius super exercitu Generalis Capitaneus". ("Michael, voivode of Wallachia, the councillor of His Majesty the Emperor and the King, his deputy in Transylvania and General Captain of his troops from Transylvania.") When Michael entered Transylvania, he did not immediately free or grant rights to
5760-485: The giant redwood ( Sequoiadendron giganteum ) from the garden of the "Paul Constantinescu" museum. There also exist trees that have adapted to the local climate, such as figs . In some neighbourhoods more fruit trees and flowers are currently being planted. The Ploiești Town Council, elected in the 2020 local elections , is made up of 27 councillors, with the following party composition: There exist approximatively 88,104 flats that are located in 21,172 buildings. 93% of
5850-451: The households have access to clean water, 90% have access to the sewage network, 98% have access to electricity and 78% are connected to the district heating system. The metropolitan area of Ploiești comprises 13 satellite towns. The area will become an important transit for two Pan-European motorway and rail corridors. The central administration of the area will coordinate the communication and transport networks, technological development and
5940-409: The infrastructure of the industry. Although badly damaged after the November 1940 earthquake , the city functioned as a significant source of oil for Nazi Germany during much of World War II . The Allies made Ploiești a target of the oil campaign of World War II and bombed it repeatedly, such as during the HALPRO (Halverson Project, June 1942) and Operation Tidal Wave (1 August 1943) at
6030-413: The main boulevard area, the park next to the Sala Sporturilor, the park from the northern part of the city, the "Mihai Viteazul" park and another park next to the Bucov barrier. These occupy only around 85.5 ha (211 acres), resulting in 3.2 m (34 sq ft) of green space per inhabitant. Around the city one can also observe several endangered trees, which are protected by law. These include
6120-427: The mid-19th century, with the world's first large-scale petroleum refinery being opened between 1856 and 1857. Following massive exploitation of the oil deposits in the area, Ploiești earned the nickname of "the Capital of Black Gold". In the present, a significant part of its economic activity is still based on oil processing, the city having three large refineries and other industries related to this branch. Ploiești
6210-464: The monks of the Athonite Simonopetra Monastery for his great contributions in the form of land and money to rebuilding the monastery that had been destroyed by a fire. Mihai Viteazul , a film by Sergiu Nicolaescu , a well-known Romanian film director, is a representation of the life of the Wallachian ruler and his will to unite the three Romanian principalities ( Wallachia , Moldavia , and Transylvania ) as one domain. The Order of Michael
6300-427: The northwestern part of the country. The Câmpina railway station (opened in 1879) serves the CFR Main Line 300 , which runs parallel to DN1, on the right bank of the Prahova. Formerly a customs point on the trade route between Transylvania and Wallachia , the town developed at the end of the 19th century and the beginning of the 20th century as an oil extraction and processing center. Between 1897 and 1898, Câmpina
6390-443: The obligations imposed on him for the rest of his reign. During his reign, Michael relied heavily on the loyalty and support of a group of Oltenian lords, the most important of whom were Buzescu Brothers (Romanian: Frații Buzești ) and his own relatives on his mother's side, the Cantacuzinos. He consequently protected their interests throughout his reign; for example, he passed a law binding serfs to lands owned by aristocrats. From
6480-818: The oil production and refining industry. Although oil production in the region is declining steadily, there is still a thriving processing industry with four operating oil refineries , linked by pipelines to Bucharest , the Black Sea port of Constanța and the Danube port of Giurgiu . Ploiești also has a long history as a textile manufacturing center. The city has become a hub of foreign investment. Companies such as OMV - Petrom , Lukoil , Shell Gas , Timken , Yazaki , Coca-Cola , Efes Pilsener , British American Tobacco , Federal-Mogul , and Interbrew have operations there, and retailers like Carrefour , Metro , Selgros , Kaufland , Billa , Bricostore , Lidl , Obi , Auchan , Profi , and Mega Image have found in Ploiești
6570-459: The operation. Ștefan Răzvan arrested Aron on charges of treason on the night of 24 April (5 May) and sent him to the Transylvanian capital at Gyulafehérvár with his family and treasure. Aron would die poisoned by the end of May in the castle of Vinc . Sigismund was forced to justify his actions before the European powers, since Aron had played an active role in the anti-Ottoman coalition. Later on, in
6660-475: The reduction of the carbon footprint. Ploiești is twinned with: Michael the Brave Michael the Brave ( Romanian : Mihai Viteazul [miˈhaj viˈte̯azul] or Mihai Bravu [ˈbravu] ; 1558 – 9 August 1601), born as Mihai Pătrașcu , was the Prince of Wallachia (as Michael II , 1593–1601), Prince of Moldavia (1600) and de facto ruler of Transylvania (1599–1600). He
6750-455: The same city of Gyulafehérvár, Wallachian boyars signed a treaty with Sigismund on Michael's behalf. From the point of view of Wallachian internal politics, the Treaty of Gyulafehérvár officialized what could be called a boyar regime , reinforcing the already important political power of the noble elite. According to the treaty, a council of 12 great boyars was to take part alongside the voivode in
6840-539: The sovereign of Wallachia. On 25 September (5 October) Báthory issued an ultimatum demanding that Michael abandon his throne. Michael decided to attack Andrew Cardinal Báthory immediately to prevent invasion. He would later describe the events: I rose with my country, my children, taking my wife and everything I had and with my army [marched into Transylvania] so that the foe should not crush me here. He left Târgoviște on 2 October, and 9 by October he had reached Prejmer in southern Transylvania, where he met envoys from
6930-643: The standpoint of religious jurisdiction, the Treaty of Gyulafehérvár had another important consequence: it placed all the Eastern Orthodox bishops in Transylvania under the jurisdiction of the Metropolitan Seat of Târgoviște . During this period, the Ottoman army, based in Ruse , was preparing to cross the Danube and undertake a major attack. Michael was quickly forced to retreat and the Ottoman forces started to cross
7020-746: The temperate humid continental climate (Dfa) of the hot summer type. The average annual temperature is 10.5 °C (50.9 °F), with record minimum registered on 25 January 1952 of −30 °C (−22 °F) while record maximum was registered on 19 July 2007 of 43 °C (109 °F). On average, around 17 days are very cold, 26 cold, 99 warm and 30 tropical, while the rest have a moderate temperature. Average annual precipitations are 600 mm (24 in); 30–40 mm (1.2–1.6 in) in January and 88 mm (3.5 in) in June. Precipitations range between 963.9 mm (37.95 in) registered in 1901 and 305.3 mm (12.02 in) registered in 1930. Throughout
7110-419: The three principalities, Transylvania, Moldavia, and Wallachia. This did not significantly delay his attack, however; on 14 April 1600 Michael's troops entered Moldavia on multiple routes, the Prince himself leading the main thrust to Trotuș and Roman . He reached the capital of Iași on 6 May. The garrison surrendered the citadel the next day and Michael's forces caught up with the fleeing Ieremia Movilă, who
7200-549: The walls and across the Dniester to hetman Stanisław Żółkiewski 's camp. Neighboring states were alarmed by this upsetting of the balance of power, especially the Hungarian nobility in Transylvania, who rose against Michael in rebellion. With the help of Basta, they defeated Michael at the Battle of Mirăslău , forcing the prince to leave Transylvania together with his remaining loyal troops. A Polish army led by Jan Zamoyski drove
7290-584: The warful rule of Voivode Mihai". The perspective of the Wallachians themselves is to be found in The History of the Princes of Wallachia , attributed to the chronicler Radu Popescu (1655–1729), which bundles together all Michael's adversaries without distinction. Romanians and foreigners alike: "He subjected the Turks, the Moldavians, and the Hungarians to his rule, as if they were his asses." The picturesque flavor of
7380-484: The year, there are on average 104 days with rain, 26 with snow, 112 with clear skies, 131 with clouds and 122 with no sunshine. The climate of Ploiești is influenced by the winds coming from north-east (40%) and south-east (23%), having an average speed of 3.1 m/s (10 ft/s). On average, there are 11 days throughout the year with wind speed exceeding 11 m/s (36 ft/s) and only two days characterised by winds over 16 m/s (52 ft/s). Atmospheric pressure
7470-477: Was accompanied by his half-brother Radu Florescu, Radu Buzescu and several other supporters. After spending two weeks at the court of Sigismund Báthory , he left for Constantinople , where with help from his cousin Andronikos Kantakouzenos (the eldest son of Michael "Şeytanoğlu" Kantakouzenos ) and Patriarch Jeremiah II he negotiated Ottoman support for his accession to the Wallachian throne. He
7560-517: Was considered in later periods as the precursor of a modern Romania , a thesis which was argued with noted intensity by Nicolae Bălcescu . This theory became a point of reference for nationalists , as well as a catalyst for various Romanian forces to achieve a single Romanian state. To Romanian Romantic nationalists, he was regarded as one of Romania's greatest national heroes. He is known in Romanian historiography as Mihai Viteazul or, less commonly, Mihai Bravu . The prince began to be perceived as
7650-528: Was declared Prince of Moldavia . During this period, Michael the Brave changed his seal to represent his personal union of Wallachia, Moldavia, and Transylvania. The interests of the three neighbouring great powers – the Habsburg monarchy , the Ottoman Empire , and the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth – were damaged by Michael the Brave's achievements. Although he acknowledged the suzerainty of Rudolf II, Michael
7740-440: Was determined to continue the war against the Ottomans, but he was prevented because he lacked support from Sigismund Báthory and Rudolf II. On 7 January 1597 Hasan Pasha declared the independence of Wallachia under Michael's rule, but Michael knew that this was only an attempt to divert him from preparing for another future attack. Michael again requested Rudolf II's support and Rudolf finally agreed to send financial assistance to
7830-495: Was quite spectacular, as he became the Ban of Mehedinți in 1588, stolnic at the court of Mihnea Turcitul by the end of 1588, and Ban of Craiova in 1593 – during the rule of Alexandru cel Rău . The latter had him swear before 12 boyars that he was not of princely descent. Still, in May 1593 conflict did break out between Alexandru and Michael, who was forced to flee to Transylvania. He
7920-407: Was saved from being captured only by the sacrifice of his rear-guard. Movilă took refuge in the castle of Hotin together with his family, a handful of faithful boyars and the former Transylvanian Prince, Sigismund Báthory. The Moldavian soldiers in the castle deserted, leaving a small Polish contingent as sole defenders. Under the cover of dark, sometime before 11 June, Movilă managed to sneak out of
8010-588: Was supported by the English ambassador in the Ottoman capital, Edward Barton , and aided by a loan of 200,000 florins. Michael was invested Prince by Sultan Murad III in September 1593 and started his effective rule on 11 October. Not long after Michael became Prince of Wallachia, he turned against the Ottoman Empire. The next year he joined the Christian alliance of European powers formed by Pope Clement VIII against
8100-605: Was the site of the largest oil refinery in Europe. Câmpina has a humid continental climate ( Cfb in the Köppen climate classification ). There are 5 high schools in Câmpina: There is also a Police Agents School in Câmpina ( Școala de Agenți de Poliție "Vasile Lascăr" ), one of the two police agent schools in the country. There are also two sanitary schools, Dr. Dinu Sanitary School and
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