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40-464: To get to Czarny Staw from Morskie Oko you must follow the red trail on the Eastern side of Morskie Oko. Once you have reached about half-way you will see a signpost that has directions on how to get to Czarny Staw. After crossing the rocky inclined path, you will arrive at Czarny Staw. The trip takes about 50 mins going up from Morskie Oko and 40 minutes going back down. Czarny Staw, is similar in shape to

80-577: A circle. It is located at an altitude of 1,583 m, i.e. 188 m higher than Morskie Oko . The area of Czarny Staw is approximately 0.079 sq mi (0.20 km), with a maximum depth of 76.4 m and capacity Of 7,761,700 m³ of water. The lake is almost completely surrounded by a high ridge consisting of Kazalnica Mięguszowiecka , Mięguszowiecki Szczyt Czarny through to Wołowy Grzbiet , Rysy , Niżnie Rysy , Żabia Grań with Żabi Szczyt Wyżni , Żabi Mnich and Owcze Turniczki . The meltwater of Czarny Staw falls in small cascades down to Morskie Oko, creating

120-542: A majority in the past and they speak the regional Cieszyn Silesian dialect in everyday communication. In Slovakia, Gorals are seeking formal recognition as a minority, however they do not identify themselves as Polish. Historically, the issue of their ethnic identity has been controversial and resulted in claims and counterclaims by both Poland and Czechoslovakia . Gorals, like many other peasant communities in Central Europe , determined their own ethnic identities within

160-814: A waterfall called Czarnostawiańska Siklawa This Poland location article is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . Morskie Oko Morskie Oko , or Eye of the Sea in English, is the largest and fourth-deepest lake in the Tatra Mountains , in southern Poland . It is located deep within the Tatra National Park in the Rybi Potok (the Fish Brook) Valley, of the High Tatras mountain range at

200-564: Is a point of departure for hikes to Rysy and Szpiglasowa Przełęcz . Nearby is the Stare Schronisko ("Old Shelter"), originally a coachhouse . Both buildings have been granted historical status. Morskie Oko is one of the most popular destinations in the Tatras, often receiving over 50,000 visitors during the vacation season. It is reached by foot in about two hours from the nearest road that allows motorized access. Many other tourists opt to take

240-650: Is held as a Goral tradition. The architectural style draws on local architecture and Vernacular architecture of the Carpathians , and is widespread in the Podhale region. Zakopower is a popular folk-pop musical group from Zakopane. The Trebunie-Tutki folk musical group from Zakopane blend traditional Goral music with reggae . For centuries clasps have been an important element of Goral traditional costumes. Originally used for fastening shirts, they fell out of use when buttons became popular, remaining only as ornaments . In

280-693: Is proved by their communal activity: the annual Gorolski Święto festival held in Jablunkov is a showcase of a local Polish Goral traditions and is organized by the PZKO (Polish Cultural and Educational Union). This Goral festival preserves the traditions of the Polish nationality group in Trans-Olza . It is the largest cultural and folklore festival in Trans-Olza gathering thousands of spectators each day of festivities. However,

320-638: The Eastern Bloc . Another peasant rebellion in Podhale occurred in 1669, when Gorals and local peasants rebelled against high taxes and oppressive rule imposed on them by the local nobility. The first Polish national opera , titled Krakowiacy i Górale ( Cracovians and Gorals) composed by Wojciech Bogusławski premiered in 1794. In the 19th century, between 1803 and 1819, the Gorals migrated to Bukovina . During World War II , Nazi Germany sought to Germanize

360-453: The Goral dialects contain some vocabulary from Hungarian and other Balkan languages . Kazimierz Dobroslowski asserted that the Podhale dialect had loan-words from Romanian and Albanian , as well as similar belief system elements, music and material culture. The Podhale dialect is the de facto standard literary Goral ethnolect due to Podhale being the most widely known region. However,

400-806: The National Museum of Ethnography in Warsaw, The Tatra Museum in Zakopane , the Ethnographic Museum of Kraków , and the City Museum of Żywiec . Most Gorals are adherents of the Roman Catholic Church and are often noted for their staunch religiosity. The Sanctuary of Our Lady of Ludźmierz is of particular significance to the Gorals, being the oldest shrine in the Podhale region. Also, there are numerous Catholic religious cults and traditions connected to

440-500: The Podhale region, but the way they are worn differs from the original one: instead of fastening shirts they are usually attached to them or sewed on. The parzenica embroidery dates back to the mid-19th century. Initially, they were simple string loops, used for reinforcing cuts in front of cloth trousers. They had practical functions and protected the cloth from fraying. The modern look parzenica got from those tailors who began using red or navy blue string, simultaneously increasing

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480-497: The Vlach law , Gorals enjoyed freedom from serfdom and held a substantial amount of autonomy. Also, distinct within the Goral culture were zbojniks  [ pl ] , members of local robber bands in the western Carpathians . In folk tradition, they were recognized as heroes who helped the exploited Gorals by stealing from the rich and giving back to the poor. The most famous of these

520-494: The nation-state system during the 19th and early 20th century. Although nationalist propaganda was generated by both Poles and Slovaks, this process of the Gorals' identification with a nationality was still not complete when the border was finalized in 1924. A notable example was Ferdynand Machay , a priest born in Jabłonka , Orava , Piotr Borowy from Rabča , Orava and Wojciech Halczyn from Lendak , Spiš , who went to

560-597: The resistance movement , including the Tatra Confederation and the IV Batalion Nowy Targ of the 1st Regiment of Home Army Podhale Rifles and fought against Nazi occupation of Poland. The Gorals inhabit a number of regions collectively referred to as the "Goral lands" (Goral: Góralscýzna, Polish: Góralszczyzna ) split between Poland, Slovakia and the Czech Republic. In Poland , the community inhabits

600-519: The 1919 Paris Peace Conference and, during a personal audience, lobbied U.S. president Woodrow Wilson to sign these lands over to Poland. The Gorals have a similar belief system elements, music and material culture as that of the Vlachs and related groups (e.g. Moravian Vlachs ), from whom it has been argued they originate. Anthropologist Carleton Coon grouped Gorals with the Hutsuls , who dwelled in what

640-587: The Gorals belong to the West Slavic family with influence from other surrounding linguistic groups, notably the Eastern Romance languages . In particular, the dialect spoken in Podhale , called the Podhale dialect ( Polish : gwara podhalańska ), is of Polish origin and part of the Lesser Poland dialect group , but it has been considerably influenced by Slovak in recent centuries. In addition to Slovak,

680-532: The Gorals. Under Nazi racial laws, the majority of Poland's population and its minorities were viewed as "undesirable" and subject to special statutes, slave labour and martial law. However, Nazi racial theorists considered the 27,000 strong Goral population as a separate ethnic group from the Poles. Termed Goralenvolk , they were deemed part of the greater Germanic race and given milder treatment from other Poles. Between 1939 and 1945, local Gorals of Podhale joined

720-468: The Poles do not form a majority in any of the municipalities of the area, and some local Gorals identify themselves on the nationality level as Czechs . In this respect, the village of Hrčava (the second easternmost village in the Czech Republic), with the vast majority of citizens declaring Czech nationality, can be noted. In this village, the Poles form only a 2% minority. Local Silesian Gorals formed

760-571: The Polish king Władysław IV granted landowner Wladyslaw Nowobilski the right to use pastures in the area. In 1824, during Partitions of Poland , Morskie Oko became private property, for the time being, when Zakopane estate, including the Dolina Rybiego Potoku, were purchased from the Austrian authorities by Emanuel Homolacs. At the end of the nineteenth century, a boundary dispute arose between Galicia and Hungary over property rights to

800-476: The Sea") is derived from an old legend, according to which the lake was connected to the sea via an underground passage. The hut of the Polish Tourism and Local Lore Society ( PTTK ) stands on the moraine that closes the lake from the north. The hut is situated 1,405 meters above sea level and belongs to the oldest Tatra chalets . The hut is named after Stanisław Staszic , who explored the lake in 1805. It

840-482: The arrival of the first Polish settlers from Lesser Poland , who would settle and farm the lands around what is today Nowy Targ and along the Dunajec valley beginning in the early twelve hundreds. Prior to that, Podhale was an uninhabited region sparsely populated by bandits who chose the inaccessible mountainous terrain to hide from justice. Then between the late 13th and 15th centuries, Vlach shepherds migrated to

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880-645: The base of the Mięguszowiecki Summits , in Lesser Poland Voivodeship . In 2014, The Wall Street Journal recognized the lake as one of the five most beautiful lakes in the world. The peaks that surround the lake rise about 1,000 meters above its surface; one of them is Rysy (2,499 meters), the highest peak in the Polish Tatras. Besides Mięguszowiecki Summits (including Mięguszowiecki Szczyt Wielki , 2,438 meters), farther away and slightly to

920-507: The border. While the origin of the Goral ethnolect is Polish, the language of Gorals in Slovakia and in the Czech Republic is gradually shifting and increasingly becoming more similar to the literary standard in their respective countries. Silesian Gorals of the Czech Republic identify themselves on the nationality level as Poles and are members of the Polish minority in the Czech Republic , which

960-502: The church. The Polish Gorals also hold a particular reference for Pope John Paul II , who they consider as their own, even though Karol Wojtyła was born in Wadowice , Lesser Poland and was not a Goral himself. However, the Late Pope was always considered as "the son of the mountains" by the Gorals. A notable portion of Gorals are Augsburg Confession Lutherans, who are clustered around

1000-411: The early 20th century they were already rare, used only by senior and young shepherds , who grazed their sheep on mountain pastures. In the 1920s and the 1930s, they were considered collector's items and sought after by tourists. In Zakopane , they were often worn as ornaments for the "cucha" (outerwear), sweaters, or occasionally on leather bags. Today the clasps are a popular element of highlanders from

1040-671: The first shelter was built there in 1836 but burned down in 1865. A second shelter, built in 1874, burned down in 1898. In 1902, a road from Zakopane was completed and named the Oswald Balzer Road. Since 1933 following the return of sovereignty , the lake has been owned by the Polish state. The charm of Morskie Oko has provided inspiration to many artists, including painters ( Walery Eljasz-Radzikowski , Leon Wyczółkowski , Stanisław Gałek), poets ( Wincenty Pol , Adam Asnyk , Kazimierz Przerwa-Tetmajer , Franciszek Nowicki , Jan Kasprowicz ), and composers ( Zygmunt Noskowski ). The lake

1080-954: The geographical region of Podhale of the Tatra Mountains and parts of the Beskids ( Cieszyn Silesia , Silesian Beskids , Żywiec Beskids ). After 1945, some Gorals from Bukovina and the Podhale regions found new homes in Lower Silesia in villages such as Krajanów , Czarny Bór , and Borówna in the Central Sudete Mountains , as well as Złotnik , Brzeźnica and Lubomyśl in Lubusz Voivodeship . In present-day Slovakia they live in several separate groups: in northern Spiš (34 villages subdivided into two groups), Orava and Kysuce (2 villages) and smaller groups in 7 other enclave villages in northern Slovakia. The main towns of Goral lands include: The various dialects spoken by

1120-432: The journey by horse-drawn cart, a large number of which are operated by the local Górale inhabitants. In winter, a short section of the journey is in an avalanche danger zone, and the area can remain cold and rainy even in summer. In the advent of its popularity, visitors have been forbidden from swimming in the lake or feeding the trout. The earliest documents in which Morskie Oko is mentioned date back to 1575. In 1637,

1160-496: The lake and adjoining area (the so-called "Morskie Oko dispute"). The Court of Conciliation in Graz ruled in favour of the Polish side. A powerful backer of the Polish cause was Count Wladyslaw Zamoyski . The decision is credited to Oswald Balzer , who represented the Galician government. Morskie Oko was "rediscovered" for tourism by Dr. Tytus Chałubiński in the mid-nineteenth century;

1200-471: The left, is the distinctive, slender Mnich (“Monk,” 2,068 meters). Many Swiss Pines also grow around the lake. In the past, Morskie Oko was called "Rybie Jezioro" ("Fish Lake") due to its natural stock of fish, which are uncommon in Tatra lakes and ponds. In the clear depths of the water, one can easily notice trout - so-called "famine" trout - that live in the lake. The name "Morskie Oko" ("Sea Eye", "Eye of

1240-528: The majority of Gorals speak closely related dialects. Gorals themselves rarely differentiate between their dialects and just refer to them as Górolski . For most Gorals today, the decisive factor in their self-identification with nationality is not ethnic but territorial. For example, those living in areas under a long tradition of belonging to the Polish state identify themselves as Polish, while those living in Slovakia have identified themselves as Slovaks , with notable exceptions to this rule on both sides of

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1280-408: The most popular in the early 20th century. When " Kraków style" came into fashion, highlanders of the Podhale region began ornamenting the corsets with shiny sequins and glass beads . In Cieszyn Silesia and northern Slovakia, the shepherd's axe and elements of the folk costume are termed Vlach ( Polish : wałaska, wałaszczaki , Slovak : valaška ). Goral folk costumes can be found in

1320-428: The number of loops. Later the appliqué design was replaced with embroidery . Using woollen yarn allowed the parzenica to become more colourful and eventually it became a stand-alone trouser ornamentation, developed by talented tailors and embroiderers. In the second half of the 19th century, it became fashionable in the Podhale region to adorn corsets with depictions of thistle and edelweiss . These motifs were

1360-594: The one practiced by the settlers from the lowlands of Lesser Poland and thus with the merging of the two cultures, a new local way of life began to emerge, and the subsequent assimilation of the Vlachs. In the 16th and 17th centuries, Gorals settled the upper Kysuca and Orava rivers and part of northern Spiš in Slovakia , which at the time were part of the Kingdom of Hungary . Due to various rights and privileges, including

1400-630: The region of Cieszyn Silesia in the Czech Republic , where they are known as the Silesian Gorals . There is also a significant Goral diaspora in the area of Bukovina in western Ukraine and in northern Romania , as well as in Chicago , the seat of the Polish Highlanders Alliance of North America . The Gorals as a separate ethnographic subgroup began to form in the 14th century with

1440-519: The region, gradually moving northwest from the Balkan peninsula over the Carpathian Mountains and settling on Polish lands there. The initial contact of the locals with the Vlachs was difficult. The medieval chronicler Jan Długosz described the nomadic shepherds as brutish. However, the newcomers brought with them a distinct method of raising livestock in the mountains, which was different from

1480-605: Was Juraj Jánošík from the village of Terchová in the Žilina region on the Slovak side of the Carpathian mountains. As a youngster, he fought with the Kuruc insurgents against the Habsburg monarchy and later formed his own band of zbojniks . The phenomenon became widespread in the mid-16th century and disappeared in the 19th century with the death of Wojtek Mateja  [ pl ] who

1520-528: Was considered as the last zbójnik . In 1651, the Gorals and local peasantry of Podhale rebelled against the Polish nobles ( szlachta ) in what became the Kostka-Napierski uprising , led by the adventurer and officer from the Polish army captain Aleksander Kostka Napierski . A film was produced about the uprising ( Podhale w ogniu ) in 1956, and distributed in many languages across

1560-713: Was one of the filming locations for 'The Formula', a short film directed by Emmanuel Adjei , starring musician Sevdaliza in 2015. Gorals The Gorals ( Polish : Górale ; Goral ethnolect: Górole ; Slovak : Gorali ; Cieszyn Silesian : Gorole ), also anglicized as the Highlanders (in Poland, as the Polish Highlanders , a subethnic group of the Polish nation ) and historically also as Vlachs , are an ethnographic group primarily found in their traditional area of southern Poland , northern Slovakia , and in

1600-399: Was then the southeastern corner of Poland and is now southwestern Ukraine . In the 19th century, Polish scholars viewed the Gorals as linguistically close to the Poles, but having close ties with Slovak folk culture . It was noted that Gorals' social and economic life resembled that of Vlach shepherd culture. The Zakopane Style architecture , established at the end of the 19th century,

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