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35-528: Cygnet Cinema is located at 16 Preston Street, Como , Western Australia . It was the first purpose built sound cinema in the suburbs immediately south of the city in the inter-war period. The Cygnet Cinema opened in 1938 and was built by local identity and film entrepreneur James Stiles. It is an excellent example of the art deco style of architect William Leighton and is included on the State's Heritage Register. The Cygnet Theatre, built in 1938 for James Stiles of

70-464: A stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . Cantilever When subjected to a structural load at its far, unsupported end, the cantilever carries the load to the support where it applies a shear stress and a bending moment . Cantilever construction allows overhanging structures without additional support. Cantilevers are widely found in construction, notably in cantilever bridges and balconies (see corbel ). In cantilever bridges,

105-538: A cantilever, but the completed structure does not act as a cantilever. This is very helpful when temporary supports, or falsework , cannot be used to support the structure while it is being built (e.g., over a busy roadway or river, or in a deep valley). Therefore, some truss arch bridges (see Navajo Bridge ) are built from each side as cantilevers until the spans reach each other and are then jacked apart to stress them in compression before finally joining. Nearly all cable-stayed bridges are built using cantilevers as this

140-496: A cantilever-winged sesquiplane built instead with wooden materials, the Fokker V.1 . In the cantilever wing, one or more strong beams, called spars , run along the span of the wing. The end fixed rigidly to the central fuselage is known as the root and the far end as the tip. In flight, the wings generate lift and the spars carry this load through to the fuselage. To resist horizontal shear stress from either drag or engine thrust,

175-611: A dozen years after the Wright Brothers ' initial flights, Junkers endeavored to eliminate virtually all major external bracing members in order to decrease airframe drag in flight. The result of this endeavor was the Junkers J 1 pioneering all-metal monoplane of late 1915, designed from the start with all-metal cantilever wing panels. About a year after the initial success of the Junkers J 1, Reinhold Platz of Fokker also achieved success with

210-791: A leading cinema designer for his work on several Perth cinemas, including the Piccadilly Theatre and Arcade , the Windsor Theatre in Nedlands , and the Astor Theatre in Mount Lawley . He was also behind the refurbishment of the Royal Theatre and Grand Theatre. Como Theatre originally had both an indoor auditorium and an outdoor picture garden, which was serviced by one mechanised 'bio box'. The tram and ferry services brought people from outside

245-503: A variation in this parameter indicates the concentration of the analyte . Recently, microcantilevers have been fabricated that are porous, allowing for a much larger surface area for analyte to bind to, increasing sensitivity by raising the ratio of the analyte mass to the device mass. Surface stress on microcantilever, due to receptor-target binding, which produces cantilever deflection can be analyzed using optical methods like laser interferometry. Zhao et al., also showed that by changing

280-458: A wire-braced design. However, as the speed of the aircraft increases, the drag of the bracing increases sharply, while the wing structure must be strengthened, typically by increasing the strength of the spars and the thickness of the skinning. At speeds of around 200 miles per hour (320 km/h) the drag of the bracing becomes excessive and the wing strong enough to be made a cantilever without excess weight penalty. Increases in engine power through

315-455: Is force and w {\displaystyle w} is the cantilever width. The spring constant is related to the cantilever resonance frequency ω 0 {\displaystyle \omega _{0}} by the usual harmonic oscillator formula ω 0 = k / m equivalent {\displaystyle \omega _{0}={\sqrt {k/m_{\text{equivalent}}}}} . A change in

350-500: Is on the Mandurah railway line , and is served by buses as well. There are four schools in the area. These are the Collier and Como Primary Schools, Como Secondary College (previously Como Senior High School), and Penrhos College , a private all-girls school which has a primary school and a high school. Bus routes serving Canning Bridge Station : This Perth location article is

385-578: Is one of their chief advantages. Many box girder bridges are built segmentally , or in short pieces. This type of construction lends itself well to balanced cantilever construction where the bridge is built in both directions from a single support. These structures rely heavily on torque and rotational equilibrium for their stability. In an architectural application, Frank Lloyd Wright 's Fallingwater used cantilevers to project large balconies. The East Stand at Elland Road Stadium in Leeds was, when completed,

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420-401: Is the cantilever thickness. Very sensitive optical and capacitive methods have been developed to measure changes in the static deflection of cantilever beams used in dc-coupled sensors. The second is the formula relating the cantilever spring constant k {\displaystyle k} to the cantilever dimensions and material constants: where F {\displaystyle F}

455-422: Is the immunosensor based on an antibody layer that interacts selectively with a particular immunogen and reports about its content in a specimen. In the static mode of operation, the sensor response is represented by the beam bending with respect to a reference microcantilever. Alternatively, microcantilever sensors can be operated in the dynamic mode. In this case, the beam vibrates at its resonance frequency and

490-663: The Grand Theatre Company, was originally named the Como Theatre. Formerly a real estate agent, Stiles moved into the cinema industry to save one of his assets, Grand Theatre, which faced ruin in the wake of the stock market crash in 1929. With the boom in cheap entertainment, the Grand Theatre Company soon became a very successful company. In 1938, Stiles managed to secure a ten-year lease on Piccadilly Theatre , modernised his existing cinemas and built Como Theatre. In

525-737: The Heritage Council of Western Australia provided a $ 4,500 grant to prepare a conservation plan for the Cinema. The theatre is currently leased by independent operators from the owner, Colin Stiles, the son of the original owner, James Stiles. The Cygnet Theatre was entered into the Register of the National Estate by the Australian Heritage Commission on 27 October 1998 and was classified by

560-530: The Como Theatre opened in 1938 as the most modern and up-to-date-cinema in the district, screening " talkies " for the first time. The Como Theatre was officially opened on 4 March 1938, by the Chairman of the South Perth Road Board, G.V. Abjornson. It was designed by William T. Leighton , the well known Inter-War architect, and built by W H Ralph and Sons. In the late 1930s Leighton secured a reputation as

595-622: The National Trust (WA) on 2 May 1988. The building is also included on the City of South Perth's Municipal Inventory and was permanently listed on the State Register of Heritage Places on 30 June 1995. Como, Western Australia Como is a suburb of Perth , Western Australia. Its local government area is the City of South Perth . The suburb has a population of 12,423. Canning Highway divides

630-587: The area to the Cinema. The theatre was renamed the Cygnet Theatre in the 1960s to associate it with the Festival of Perth 's black swan logo. Despite the name change, the original Broadway face type lettering stating The Como Theatre around the 'bio box' still exists. Although no longer a Festival of Perth venue, the Cygnet Cinema continues to successfully operate as a suburban cinema. The entrance and foyer of

665-439: The asymmetrical massing of smooth geometric elements, and emphasis on exterior form reflecting internal function. The prominent central tower housed the 'bio box', which serviced both the indoor auditorium and the outdoor picture garden. Film canisters were hauled up to the 'bio box' balcony from the street. The tower extends out in a fashionable streamlined curve and features a cantilevered balcony with steel railings, resembling

700-395: The behavior of MEMS cantilevers. The first is Stoney's formula , which relates cantilever end deflection δ to applied stress σ: where ν {\displaystyle \nu } is Poisson's ratio , E {\displaystyle E} is Young's modulus , L {\displaystyle L} is the beam length and t {\displaystyle t}

735-518: The cantilever structure to release it, often with an anisotropic wet or dry etching technique. Without cantilever transducers, atomic force microscopy would not be possible. A large number of research groups are attempting to develop cantilever arrays as biosensors for medical diagnostic applications. MEMS cantilevers are also finding application as radio frequency filters and resonators . The MEMS cantilevers are commonly made as unimorphs or bimorphs . Two equations are key to understanding

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770-528: The cantilevers are usually built as pairs, with each cantilever used to support one end of a central section. The Forth Bridge in Scotland is an example of a cantilever truss bridge . A cantilever in a traditionally timber framed building is called a jetty or forebay . In the southern United States, a historic barn type is the cantilever barn of log construction . Temporary cantilevers are often used in construction. The partially constructed structure creates

805-470: The cinema were rearranged in 1964, with the entry doors shifted west of the original entrance, and the original entrance area was converted into part of the confectionery counter. Air conditioning was installed in the cinema in October 1968 to combat the threat of television , but patronage continued to drop and the picture garden was demolished within a year. In 1981 alterations were made to the auditorium , with

840-666: The city centres of Perth or Fremantle , but also in the suburbs. The Cygnet Theatre was not the first cinema in the South Perth area. It was preceded by the picture shows held twice weekly at the Swan Street Hall (1922), the Gaiety Picture Theatre on the corner of Coode and Angelo Streets (1926) and the Hurlingham Picture Theatre on Canning Highway (1933). The Gaiety and Hurlingham were still in operation when

875-581: The force applied to a cantilever can shift the resonance frequency. The frequency shift can be measured with exquisite accuracy using heterodyne techniques and is the basis of ac-coupled cantilever sensors. The principal advantage of MEMS cantilevers is their cheapness and ease of fabrication in large arrays. The challenge for their practical application lies in the square and cubic dependences of cantilever performance specifications on dimensions. These superlinear dependences mean that cantilevers are quite sensitive to variation in process parameters, particularly

910-424: The form of a modern ocean liner. The 'liner' theme is reinforced by the three 'port hole' windows on the exterior of the building. The stylistic influence of Le Corbusier , a functional Modernist architect, is evident in these forms and detail. In the summer of 2013, American street artist Nils Westergard painted a portrait of Alfred Hitchcock on the western facing exterior wall of the building. In August 2004,

945-680: The largest cantilever stand in the world holding 17,000 spectators. The roof built over the stands at Old Trafford uses a cantilever so that no supports will block views of the field. The old (now demolished) Miami Stadium had a similar roof over the spectator area. The largest cantilevered roof in Europe is located at St James' Park in Newcastle-Upon-Tyne , the home stadium of Newcastle United F.C. Less obvious examples of cantilevers are free-standing (vertical) radio towers without guy-wires , and chimneys , which resist being blown over by

980-473: The late 1920s and early 1930s raised speeds through this zone and by the late 1930s cantilever wings had almost wholly superseded braced ones. Other changes such as enclosed cockpits, retractable undercarriage, landing flaps and stressed-skin construction furthered the design revolution, with the pivotal moment widely acknowledged to be the MacRobertson England-Australia air race of 1934, which

1015-531: The late 1930s South Perth had developed as a desirable, respectable riverside suburb. Como Beach was a popular recreation area for families, and a ferry service to the city left from the Como jetty at the bottom end of Preston Street. The 1930s were also a boom period for entertainment. Attending the cinema was a popular pastime and an escape from the poverty of the Depression. A number of cinemas were built, not only in

1050-498: The seats in the front stalls removed and the other seating realigned. The theatre reflects the architectural style popular in the inter-war period, using nautical motifs such as wavy lines, smooth flat curves and tubular handrails, with an architectural emphasis on both the horizontal and vertical aspects of the building. The Cygnet Cinema is an example of the Inter-War Functionalist style. Characteristics of this style are

1085-538: The suburb. The suburb of Como was originally made up of three land grants, purchased by Christchurch farmer Edmund Hugh Comer in February 1891. The land was subdivided in 1905 under the name Como Estate, which is thought to be derived from either the owner's surname or the area of the same name in northern Italy. Como forms part of the City of South Perth. Como is serviced by the Canning Bridge railway station , which

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1120-399: The thickness as this is generally difficult to accurately measure. However, it has been shown that microcantilever thicknesses can be precisely measured and that this variation can be quantified. Controlling residual stress can also be difficult. A chemical sensor can be obtained by coating a recognition receptor layer over the upper side of a microcantilever beam. A typical application

1155-424: The wind through cantilever action at their base. The cantilever is commonly used in the wings of fixed-wing aircraft . Early aircraft had light structures which were braced with wires and struts . However, these introduced aerodynamic drag which limited performance. While it is heavier, the cantilever avoids this issue and allows the plane to fly faster. Hugo Junkers pioneered the cantilever wing in 1915. Only

1190-453: The wing must also form a stiff cantilever in the horizontal plane. A single-spar design will usually be fitted with a second smaller drag-spar nearer the trailing edge , braced to the main spar via additional internal members or a stressed skin. The wing must also resist twisting forces, achieved by cross-bracing or otherwise stiffening the main structure. Cantilever wings require much stronger and heavier spars than would otherwise be needed in

1225-671: Was won by a de Havilland DH.88 Comet . Currently, cantilever wings are almost universal with bracing only being used for some slower aircraft where a lighter weight is prioritized over speed, such as in the ultralight class. Cantilevered beams are the most ubiquitous structures in the field of microelectromechanical systems (MEMS). An early example of a MEMS cantilever is the Resonistor, an electromechanical monolithic resonator. MEMS cantilevers are commonly fabricated from silicon (Si), silicon nitride (Si 3 N 4 ), or polymers . The fabrication process typically involves undercutting

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