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117-510:   Lester   Townshend Chislehurst and Sidcup Grammar School is a mixed-sex grammar school with academy status located in Hurst Road ( A222 ), Sidcup in the London Borough of Bexley , England . It is located adjacent to Lamorbey Park , the Rose Bruford College drama school and Hurstmere School . Pupils at the school are divided into a series of six houses, known as Davies, Edlmann, Lester, Townshend, Williams, and Staff, while an annual school magazine, The Chronicle ,

234-426: A "curriculum adapted to the needs of pupils of all abilities". In the 1979 general election, Thatcher was elected Prime Minister and the pressure for the making comprehensive of all schools, from central government, ceased, allowing Bexley Borough to continue using the grammar school system. On 4 May 1971, four home-made bombs were found in the woods adjoining the school. The authorities suspected that these belonged to

351-505: A class with boys, but other research suggests that when the previous attainment is taken into account, that difference falls away. According to advocates of coeducation, without classmates of the opposite sex, students have social issues that may impact adolescent development. They argue that the absence of the opposite sex creates an unrealistic environment not duplicated in the real world. Some studies show that in classes that are separated by gender, male and female students work and learn on

468-528: A famous illustrator. Blake subsequently became the magazine's editor, a position he retained from 1949 to 1951. The new building had been constructed on land once belonging to the Medieval manor of Lamorbey House . The manor house to which the school was now adjacent had been rebuilt in the eighteenth century and by 1950 was housing Rose Bruford College . Chis and Sid's new building was designed by Howard C. Lobb & Partners of Gower Street , in conjunction with

585-463: A house in Church Street, Uckfield, which provided a house for the schoolmaster, his library of some six hundred books, and an income of £10 a year charged on Rocks Farm, Buxted. He also left bequests for founding a separate school for girls at Buxted and for providing apprenticeships for local boys. In the middle and second half of the 18th century, Uckfield School flourished under the mastership of

702-608: A master's degree in Theology from St Peter's College, Oxford . Although staff found him to be courteous, modest and a good listener, unlike his predecessors, they were largely unhappy that he was a supporter of the comprehensive system. Despite staff fears that his egalitarian ethos would promote mediocrity, admissions to Oxford and Cambridge rose under Brown's leadership. In April 1968, the Conservatives took control of Bexley council and scrapped plans to merge Chis and Sid and Hurstmere into

819-471: A mixed-sex secondary school. Its first enrollment class consisted of 78 male and 36 female students. Among the latter was Rebecca Gratz who would become an educator and philanthropist. However, the school soon began having financial problems and it reopened as an all-male institution. Westford Academy in Westford, Massachusetts has operated as mixed-sex secondary school since its founding in 1792, making it

936-929: A need for advanced education for women at a time when they were not admitted to most institutions of higher education." Notable examples include the Seven Sisters colleges, of which Vassar College is now coeducational and Radcliffe College has merged with Harvard University . Other notable women's colleges that have become coeducational include Wheaton College in Massachusetts, Ohio Wesleyan Female College in Ohio , Skidmore College , Wells College , and Sarah Lawrence College in New York state, Pitzer College in California, Goucher College in Maryland and Connecticut College . By 1900

1053-439: A positive impact of single-sex schooling on education achievement [...] but others finding average null effects"; they concluded that after controlling for "individual, parental and school-level factors [...] on average, there is no significant difference in performance for girls or boys who attend single-sex schools compared to their mixed-school peers in science, mathematics or reading." Uckfield School At various times

1170-596: A rapid array of initiatives introduced by the Conservative government, including GCSEs , the Baker Contract , AS levels , a national curriculum with key stages and attainment targets, local financial management, grant maintained status, SATs , OFSTED inspections, staff appraisal and coursework examination, all of which caused a great deal of disruption to the school and contributed to an increased turnover of new staff in this period, with many new teachers' swiftly exiting

1287-633: A regular institution in the school. On 11 July 1992, one of the school's pupils, Rohit Duggal, was stabbed to death in Eltham, with a tree's being planted in his memory outside the dining hall. In 1994, James 'Jim' Rouncefield (b.1951) was appointed headteacher. Born in Redruth , Cornwall , Rouncefield had studied geography at Goldsmiths College and prior to getting the Chis and Sid job had worked as head of Chatham Grammar School for Boys . Shortly after he started his tenure,

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1404-491: A retrospective of the work of local artist Bill Hudson, entitled "Routes"). On 1 October 2008, Mayor of London and former Conservative MP Boris Johnson visited the school to officially open the new sports centre. In 2009, Vitagliano left and Mr Nigel Walker, the former deputy head, took over his position. On 5 November 2009, a team composed of former students from the class of 2004 named "Sozzlehurst and Hiccup" competed on BBC Two quiz show Eggheads , losing narrowly in

1521-588: A scheme of management was approved by Queen Victoria under which the master of the school must be a graduate of a British university. In 1880, the Saunders foundation sold Rocks Farm and paid for the building of dormitories for sixteen boarders and a gymnasium. The school was closed in July 1930, as a result of a new county school for boys being about to open at Lewes in September of the same year, and some boys transferred to

1638-415: A single comprehensive. However, still obliged by central government to abolish the eleven plus exam which had allocated primary school children to a particular form of secondary school under the tripartite system, a compromise was developed. Chis and Sid was to officially cease to be a grammar school, although it would still be able to choose which students it would accept, based on their academic ability. At

1755-399: A single-sex setting could be less prepared, nervous, or uneasy. However, some argue that at certain ages, students may be more distracted by the opposite sex in a coeducational setting, but others point to this being based on an assumption that all students are heterosexual. There is evidence that girls may perform less well in traditionally male-dominated subjects such as the sciences when in

1872-616: A strain on local schooling, with many boys having to travel several miles to Dartford and Erith to attend secondary school. This problem was exacerbated by the government's stated intention of raising the school leaving age to cut the number of unemployed in the midst of the Great Depression . For this reason, the Bexley and Sidcup Urban District Councils, and later the Bromley Rural and Chislehurst District Education Committee, requested that

1989-662: A tailor, McGregor Williams was born in Newport and educated at Newport High School and Cardiff College, University of Wales , where he gained a degree in modern languages. Having fought for the British Army at the Battle of the Somme , he later taught at what would become Varndean School in Brighton . He spent his spare time studying for an MA with a thesis on Molière 's religious philosophy from

2106-529: A unanimous resolution passed by staff and by a Parents' Association founded in 1966. When the council nevertheless approved the plan in May 1967, Pedley resigned as headmaster in protest. Pedley was succeeded by Michael Brown (b.1927), who had previously worked as Headmaster of Prescot Grammar School . Born in Lancaster , Brown was a lay Methodist preacher who had a degree in history from Emmanuel College, Cambridge and

2223-605: Is also produced by the students. The current head teacher, Nigel Walker, has held his position since 2009. Founded as the Sidcup County School for Boys in 1931 to meet the lack of secondary schools in the newly urbanised town, it was initially opened at 27 Station Road, with the position of first headmaster being given to C. R. McGregor Williams. In 1935, the school began moving into a purpose-built site at Crittall's Corner, Footscray , being renamed Chislehurst and Sidcup County School in 1938. Damaged during The Blitz , after

2340-468: Is one of the many Muslim countries where most schools and colleges are single-gender although some schools and colleges, and most universities are coeducational. In schools that offer O levels and A levels, co-education is quite prevalent. After the independence of Pakistan in 1947, most universities were coeducational but the proportion of women was less than 5%. After the Islamization policies in

2457-403: Is used to refer to a mixed school. The word is also often used to describe a situation in which both sexes are integrated in any form (e.g., "The team is coed"). Less common in the 21st century is the noun use of word "coed", which traditionally referred to a female student in a mixed gender school. The noun use is considered by many to be sexist and unprofessional, the argument being that applying

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2574-582: The Education Act 1944 , suggesting a large-scale reform of British schools by introducing a " tripartite system " that divided students based on their academic ability and allocating them to one of three schools: the grammar school , secondary technical school and secondary modern school . Deciding how to implement these reforms on a local scale, in 1946, E. V. Mills chaired a meeting of the Divisional Executive in which they suggested radically changing

2691-516: The Hitler Youth movement. The old building at 27 Station Road had always been intended as a temporary site for the school, with a larger, purpose-built building planned for construction at Crittall's Corner, just south of the town. The first wing of the new building opened on 11 November 1935 and for a while the school remained divided between the two sites, with students' often having to travel across Sidcup to get to different lessons. Construction of

2808-653: The Hui and Salars , find coeducation to be controversial, owing to Islamic ideas on gender roles. On the other hand, the Muslim Uyghurs have not historically objected to coeducation. Admission to the Sorbonne was opened to girls in 1860. The baccalauréat became gender-blind in 1924, giving equal chances to all girls in applying to any universities. Mixed-sex education became mandatory for primary schools in 1957 and for all universities in 1975. St. Paul's Co-educational College

2925-717: The Maidstone -centered Kent County Council finance the creation of a new school in the area. In April 1930, the council's Secondary and University Education Sub-Committee agreed to open up what they called the Sidcup County School for Boys on the old premises of the County School for Girls , which was then moving from its original site at 27 Station Road to a new, specially constructed site in Beaverwood Road. The red-brick site at 27 Station Road had been built in 1900 to house

3042-599: The Ming dynasty and Yuan Mei 's school during the Qing Dynasty , enrolled both male and female students. In the 1910s, women's universities were established, such as Ginling Women's University and Peking Girls' Higher Normal School, but there was no coeducation in higher learning schools. Tao Xingzhi , the Chinese advocator of mixed-sex education, proposed The Audit Law for Women Students (規定女子旁聽法案, Guī Dìng Nǚ Zi Páng Tīng Fǎ Àn) at

3159-563: The United Kingdom , which admitted boys and girls from its opening onwards. This has always been a day school only. The world's oldest co-educational both day and boarding school is Dollar Academy , a junior and senior school for males and females from ages 5 to 18 in Scotland , United Kingdom. From its opening in 1818, the school admitted both boys and girls of the parish of Dollar and the surrounding area. The school continues in existence to

3276-473: The 19th century. The world's oldest co-educational school is thought to be Archbishop Tenison's Church of England High School, Croydon , established in 1714 in the United Kingdom, which admitted 10 boys and 10 girls from its opening, and remained co-educational thereafter. This is a day school only and still in existence. The Scottish Dollar Academy was the first mixed-sex both day and boarding school in

3393-531: The Briton Frederic Harrison said after visiting the United States that "The whole educational machinery of America ... open to women must be at least twentyfold greater than with us, and it is rapidly advancing to meet that of men both in numbers and quality". Where most of the history of coeducation in this period is a list of those moving toward the accommodation of both men and women at one campus,

3510-511: The Kent County Architects S. H. Loweth and E. T. Ashley Smith. As a result of post-war austerity, the building was constructed on a tight budget of under £300,000 and consisted of reinforced concrete and portal frames, with a brickwork finish. The design was largely deemed to be aesthetically unpleasing by both students and staff, although it did allow them access to twice as much land as they had had at Crittal's Corner. Opening in 1954, it

3627-700: The Reformation, coeducation was introduced in Western Europe, when certain Protestant groups urged that boys and girls should be taught to read the Bible. The practice became very popular in northern England, Scotland, and colonial New England, where young children, both male and female, attended dame schools . In the late 18th century, girls gradually were admitted to town schools. The Society of Friends in England, as well as in

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3744-529: The Rev. Robert Gerison, formerly Margerison, who probably held the mastership from 1738 until his death in the late 1790s. Born about 1712, he was a scholar from Peterhouse, Cambridge , who had graduated MA in 1737. There is some obscurity about who attended the school under the Will of Dr Saunders and who was a private pupil, but Gerison's pupils at Uckfield included James Stanier Clarke and Edward Daniel Clarke . Early in

3861-572: The Sidcup High School for Girls and Kindergarten, although additional office space was added in 1930 to convert it into the boys school. In July, the Secondary Education Sub-Committee began advertising to find a headmaster for the school, and in the following Spring appointed Welshman C. R. McGregor Williams (1889–1954), who had formerly been the headmaster of the recently closed Uckfield Grammar School , Sussex. The son of

3978-619: The UK. Founded in 1818, it is the oldest both boarding and day mixed-sex educational institution in the world still in existence. In England, the first non-Quaker mixed-sex public boarding school was Bedales School , founded in 1893 by John Haden Badley and becoming mixed in 1898. Ruckleigh School in Solihull was founded by Cathleen Cartland in 1909 as a non-denominational co-educational preparatory school many decades before others followed. Many previously single-sex schools have begun to accept both sexes in

4095-529: The United States were single-sex. Examples include Collegiate School , a boys' school operating in New York by 1638 (which remains a single-sex institution); and Boston Latin School , founded in 1635 (which did not become coeducational until 1972). Nonetheless, mixed-sex education existed at the lower levels in the U.S. long before it extended to colleges. For example, in 1787, the predecessor to Franklin & Marshall College in Lancaster, Pennsylvania , opened as

4212-560: The United States, pioneered coeducation as they did universal education, and in Quaker settlements in the British colonies, boys and girls commonly attended school together. The new free public elementary, or common schools , which after the American Revolution supplanted church institutions, were almost always coeducational, and by 1900 most public high schools were coeducational as well. In

4329-654: The University of Wales and in 1926 obtained a doctorate on the poetry of John Payne from the University of Paris . Williams chose the school's motto of "Abeunt Studia in Mores", which he had taken from Ovid 's Heroides , in which it is proclaimed by the poet Sappho in her love letter to Phaon . Williams also chose purple as the school's colour, supposedly because it was associated with war wounds and liturgical mourning, something that he and his wife considered appropriate following

4446-534: The Will of Dr Saunders to a recently established National School , paying it £20 a year to educate them. In 1855, after there had been an accumulation of funds, the Charity Commissioners approved an improved scheme for funding the school by a charity called the Buxted and Uckfield Saunders Foundation, and in 1865 The Worthies of Sussex noted that the school was then devoted to "middle class" education. In 1876

4563-423: The building only came to an end in 1938, when the school was moved in its entirety to the new site. The new building, designed by John Poltock – who would later design Cairo 's Victoria College – was a modernist construct known for its prominent use of large metal-framed windows that allowed the building to be filled with natural light. Designed to house 660 students, more than were currently enrolled in

4680-461: The campus serving black students at the site of what is now Florida A&M University . Florida did not return to coeducation at UF and FSU until after World War II, prompted by the drastically increased demands placed on the higher education system by veterans studying via GI Bill programs following World War II. The Buckman arrangements officially ended with new legislation guidelines passed in 1947. Several early primary and secondary schools in

4797-475: The country. However, for quite a while, women sometimes were treated rudely by their male classmates. The prejudice of some male professors proved more unsettling. Many professors disapproved of the admission of women into their classes, citing studies that claimed that women were mentally unsuited for higher education, and because most would "just get married", they were using resources that, they believed, male students would use better. Some professors simply ignored

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4914-585: The culmination of the Second World War , reforms implemented as a result of the Education Act 1944 led to the local decision that the institution would become a grammar school and that it would relocate to a new, larger building on Hurst Road in the Lamorbey area of Sidcup, a move that took place after the resignation of McGregor Williams in 1954. As a result of the government's Circular 10/65 in 1965, plans were implemented to merge Chislehurst and Sidcup with

5031-523: The death toll of the First World War. It was agreed that the school would initially take in 62 boys, of whom 52 would be fee-paying, 8 of whom would have free-place scholarships and 2 of which would be "junior exhibitioners". Fee-paying residents of either Kent or London counties were charged £4 a term, while "outsiders" were instead charged £10. Half of the first intake of students lived in Sidcup itself, while

5148-440: The early 1980s, the government established Women's colleges and Women's universities to promote education among women who were hesitant to study in mixed-sex environment. Today, however, most universities and a large number of schools in urban areas are co-educational. In the United Kingdom the official term is mixed , and today most schools are mixed. A number of Quaker co-educational boarding schools were established before

5265-415: The egalitarian comprehensive school system. The Labour-run Bexley Council agreed to this project, pushing ahead with plans to convert Chis and Sid into a comprehensive, as part of which it would be merged with the neighbouring Hurstmere in 1969. Pedley was a vocal critic of the comprehensive system on both a national and a local level. He fought the council's plans to convert the school and was supported by

5382-446: The ensuing Christmas holidays, Sennet decided that he should punish those who had been involved in the party. In January 1983, at the start of the spring term, he requested written confessions of guilt from those who had consumed alcohol, stating that this would result in a one-day suspension, with 160 pupils producing such confessions. At this point he changed his mind, deciding that he would provide different degrees of punishment based on

5499-486: The far left militant group known as Angry Brigade . 1972 witnessed Chislehurst and Sidcup's first school trip outside Europe, as 150 boys traveled to New York City . Soon after, the wearing of caps as part of the school uniform was abolished. Links were established between Chis and Sid and the nearby Marlborough Special School for children with special needs , while in 1974 the school's literary society secured Kenneth Williams to speak to them. The first girls arrived at

5616-431: The final round. The school converted to academy status on 1 September 2011. After conversion to academy status the school underwent various building and renovation projects. During the summer holidays of 2012 the school driveway was renovated with the inclusion of gates and railings to separate students from the road. The new gates were designed by pupils through a competition run by the school. The following academic year

5733-647: The first coeducational public or state university in the United States in 1855, and for much of the next century, public universities, and land grant universities in particular, would lead the way in mixed-sex higher education. There were also many private coeducational universities founded in the 19th century, especially west of the Mississippi River. East of the Mississippi, Wheaton College (Illinois) graduated its first female student in 1862. Bates College in Maine

5850-574: The following speech day. In 1975, an additional building, the New Block was constructed on a very tight budget. In April 1977, John Sennett (b.1934) was introduced as the new headmaster. Born in Plymouth , he had studied history at Sidney Sussex College, Cambridge and subsequently taught at Manchester Grammar School . A Quaker and pacifist , he had refused to serve his national service , resulting in some initial suspicion about him, however his support for

5967-450: The general election of 1974, the BBC filmed their election count, presented by David Dimbleby , from the school's main hall, having chosen the building because it was located in the parliamentary constituency of Old Bexley and Sidcup , which was the seat represented by the sitting Conservative Prime Minister Edward Heath . After losing that election to Labour, Heath spoke to the school's pupils at

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6084-524: The glass of all the windows on one side. On 16 June 1944, the school was once more struck, this time by a V-1 flying bomb which destroyed one end of the Assembly Hall; much of the damage to the school would not be permanently repaired until 1951. By the time that the war came to an end in 1945, 280 former pupils and 13 members of staff had fought in the armed forces, with 45 of them having been killed. In 1944, Conservative politician Rab Butler put forward

6201-441: The grammar school system and his conscientious, genial nature enabled him to get along with the school's staff. In 1981, the school celebrated its golden jubilee with a variety of events, including a Jubilee Walk that took in both Station Road and Crittall's Corner; these activities were used to raise money for an extension to the school's library. That year's school play , a performance of William Shakespeare 's As You Like It ,

6318-521: The half century or so since his death his reputation may be said to have expanded into the realms of the epic, perhaps even the mythical, at least as far as Sidcup is concerned." During its first year, the school began production of its own magazine, The Chronicle , while the house system was introduced in the spring term of 1932. Initially, there were only four school houses, known as A, B, C and D. In 1937, two more, E and F, were added. It would only be in 1953 that these houses were renamed. In October 1932,

6435-496: The household. As time progressed, education became more structured and formal. Women often had very few rights when education started to become a more important aspect of civilization. Efforts of the ancient Greek and Chinese societies focused primarily on the education of males. In ancient Rome, the availability of education was gradually extended to women, but they were taught separately from men. The early Christians and medieval Europeans continued this trend, and single-sex schools for

6552-614: The lack of strong Christian principles among the settlers of the American West. They decided to establish a college and a colony based on their religious beliefs, "where they would train teachers and other Christian leaders for the boundless most desolate fields in the West". Oberlin College and the surrounding community were dedicated to progressive causes and social justice. Though it did reluctantly what every other college refused to do at all, it

6669-486: The late 19th and early 20th centuries, coeducation grew much more widely accepted. In Great Britain, Germany, and the Soviet Union, the education of girls and boys in the same classes became an approved practice. In Australia, there is a trend towards increased coeducational schooling with new coeducational schools opening, few new single-sex schools opening and existing single-sex schools combining or opening their doors to

6786-463: The local press. In 1986, corporal punishment was abolished in state schools, including at Chis and Sid. That year, the school won its second Bexley Arts Council Award for its adaptation of Oh What a Lovely War , again directed by Hazelgrove. In 1984 the school celebrated the first red nose day , raising £6000 for charities aiding Ethiopian famine victims, while in 1990 it held its first non uniform day to raise money for charity, an event that became

6903-491: The majority of the school to replace an ageing pipework and central heating system. This was funded by £1.5 million from the Community Improvement Fund. Pipework was replaced in the main building, humanities block, and the music block. In December 2014 the school acquired planning permission for a new performing arts centre, to be built on the site of the existing Marlborough School classrooms. The proposed building

7020-484: The meeting of Nanjing Higher Normal School held on December seventh, 1919. He also proposed that the university recruit female students. The idea was supported by the president Kuo Ping-Wen , academic director Liu Boming , and such famous professors as Lu Zhiwei and Yang Xingfo, but opposed by many famous men of the time. The meeting passed the law and decided to recruit women students next year. Nanjing Higher Normal School enrolled eight Chinese female students in 1920. In

7137-714: The neighbouring Hurstmere School and in 2004 the Jubilee Pavilion was built primarily for sports (it contained changing rooms and a dance studio). By early 2006 the school crest was abolished and a new adaptation was introduced. A few years later the Quentin Blake Block was built for £3.5 million for the Art and Design Departments, which contained within it the Curve Gallery, which has since held an annual exhibition of student art, along with various other exhibitions (including

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7254-530: The neighbouring Hurstmere into a single comprehensive school , although these were opposed by the successive Conservative Party administrations of Bexley Council , eventually being scuppered under the Conservative government of Prime Minister Margaret Thatcher in the 1980s. In 1973 the school was made co-educational, admitting female pupils alongside the male, resulting in the adoption of its current name. The school rose to national headlines in January 1983 following

7371-530: The new school. The last headmaster was C. R. McGregor Williams (1889–1954), who in 1931 became the first head of the new Chislehurst and Sidcup Grammar School . The school's main building can still be seen in Church Street, Uckfield, and is called the Old Grammar School. The Saunders educational charity still exists, using its income to assist Church of England schools and to provide scholarships for local children. At least one old boy of Uckfield School

7488-551: The newly created Greater London . Now part of the London Borough of Bexley , it lost access to three quarters of its former catchment area, which remained under the jurisdiction of Kent County Council. Further change came under the Labour Party government of Prime Minister Harold Wilson , whose Secretary of State for Education, Anthony Crosland , outlined plans to replace the country's tripartite system of secondary education with

7605-427: The next century, under the Rev. William Rose, curate of Little Horsted , who became Master of the school in 1800, boys were again taught to a high standard, including Rose's sons Hugh and Henry Rose . In a Charity Commissioners ' report of 1819, it was noted that the schoolmaster of the day had invested about £1,000 of his own money in improving the school and had transferred the twelve scholars provided for under

7722-489: The oldest continuously operating coed school in America. The oldest continuously operating coed boarding school in the United States is Westtown School , founded in 1799. A minister and a missionary founded Oberlin in 1833. Rev. John Jay Shipherd (minister) and Philo P. Stewart (missionary) became friends while spending the summer of 1832 together in nearby Elyria . They discovered a mutual disenchantment with what they saw as

7839-612: The opposite gender. The first mixed-sex institution of higher learning in China was the Nanjing Higher Normal Institute , which was renamed National Central University and Nanjing University . For millennia in China, public schools, especially public higher learning schools, were for men. Generally, only schools established by zōng zú (宗族, gens) were for both male and female students. Some schools, such as Li Zhi 's school during

7956-415: The others mostly came from neighbouring districts such as Petts Wood , Chislehurst , Orpington , Foots Cray and New Eltham . The school opened on Thursday 17 September 1931, with a dedication ceremony taking place on Friday 25 September. "Few people become legends in their own lifetime but C.R. McGregor Williams, over the twenty-three years of his leadership, can surely lay claim to that distinction. In

8073-429: The parents' association at Chis and Sid. In 1974, the Conservatives then regained the council, proceeding to effectively ignore Labour's 1976 Education Act that required the making comprehensive of all secondary education. The chair of Bexley's Educational Committee, Brian Sams, insisted that the borough would not implement the legally required changes until every school in the area had the facilities capable of supporting

8190-544: The past few decades: for example, Clifton College began to accept girls in 1987. The first higher-education institution in the United Kingdom to allow women and men to enter on equal terms, and hence be admitted to academic degrees, was the University of Bristol (then established as University College, Bristol ) in 1876. Given their dual role as both boarding house and educational establishment, individual colleges at Oxford and Cambridge remained segregated for much longer. The first Oxford college to house both men and women

8307-564: The plan to merge Chis and Sid and Hurstmere into a single comprehensive, although in May 1972 this plan was denied permission to proceed by the Conservative Secretary of State for Education, Margaret Thatcher . As a step toward the ultimate establishment of comprehensive education throughout the borough, in 1973 the council announced plans to remove the words "secondary modern", "technical high" and "grammar" from all schools under their jurisdiction, resulting in protests from both staff and

8424-472: The preparatory department at Oberlin in 1833 and the college department in 1837. The first four women to receive bachelor's degrees in the United States earned them at Oberlin in 1841. Later, in 1862, the first black woman to receive a bachelor's degree ( Mary Jane Patterson ) also earned it from Oberlin College. Beginning in 1844, Hillsdale College became the next college to admit mixed-sex classes to four-year degree programs. The University of Iowa became

8541-690: The present day with around 1,250 pupils. The first co-educational college to be founded was Oberlin Collegiate Institute in Oberlin, Ohio . It opened on 3 December 1833, with 44 students, including 29 men and 15 women. Fully equal status for women did not arrive until 1837, and the first three women to graduate with bachelor's degrees did so in 1840. By the late 20th century, many institutions of higher learning that had been exclusively for men or women had become coeducational. In early civilizations, people were typically educated informally: primarily within

8658-482: The present site, but to no avail. He decided to retire prior to the move to the new site, stepping down in July 1953 and dying five months later. Meanwhile, academic achievement at the school remained high in the post-war years, with a large percentage of pupils going on to gain university degrees. Of note is that the July 1946 issue of The Chronicle contained several illustrations by a student, Quentin Blake , later to become

8775-457: The previously granted planning permission. Work on these projects began in January 2017. These works were completed by September and in use at the beginning at the school academic year. Mixed sex education#UK Mixed-sex education , also known as mixed-gender education , co-education , or coeducation (abbreviated to co-ed or coed ), is a system of education where males and females are educated together. Whereas single-sex education

8892-583: The privileged classes prevailed through the Reformation period. The early periods of this century included many religious schools and the first major public schools in the country had been established for males and females. In the 16th century, at the Council of Trent , the Roman Catholic church reinforced the establishment of free elementary schools for children of all classes. The concept of universal elementary education, regardless of sex, had been created. After

9009-415: The profession. Wells suggested that this chaotic educational environment resulted in more difficulties for Chis and Sid than at any point in its history except during World War II. The school also witnessed a small decline in the grades achieved by its pupils, in part due to the increasingly localised and concomitantly decreasingly selective nature of admissions, although this decline was greatly exaggerated by

9126-542: The quantity of alcohol that each student individually consumed. The sixth form body refused to accept this, deeming it to be a form of victimisation and so insisted that it be judged as a collective and punished accordingly. Sennet then suspended all 160 pupils for a day. Somebody had contacted a British tabloid, The Sun , to inform them of the events and being a slow news day, they ran the incident on their front page, proclaiming "School Band 157 Boozing Pupils". The journalist responsible, Robert Bolton, added fresh elements to

9243-539: The same level as their peers, the stereotypical mentality of the teacher is removed, and girls are likely to have more confidence in the classroom than they would in a coeducational class. In a 2022 study published in the British Educational Research Journal which examined the Irish educational system, the authors stated that the existing "empirical evidence is somewhat ambiguous, with some studies finding

9360-535: The same time it was decided that Chis and Sid was to become co-educational and thus admit girls as well as boys. The need for this latter change had become acute; the 1960s boundary changes had left the London Borough of Bexley with no grammar schools for girls and only one co-educational grammar ( Bexley Grammar School ), while the neighbouring London Borough of Bromley had five grammar schools for girls. In 1971, Labour regained Bexley Council and pushed forward with

9477-427: The same time,' women were considered to be the physical manifestations of the coeducation movement. While men were called students, women were called coeds. The message was that women . . . were not really students." Numerous professional organizations require that the gender-neutral term "student" be used instead of "coed" or, when gender is relevant to the context, that the term "female student" be substituted. If

9594-615: The same year Peking University also began to allow women students to audit classes. One of the most notable female students of that time was Chien-Shiung Wu . In 1949, the People's Republic of China was founded. The Chinese government pursued a policy of moving towards co-education and nearly all schools and universities have become mixed-sex. In recent years, some female or single-sex schools have again emerged for special vocational training needs, but equal rights for education still applies to all citizens. Indigenous Muslim populations in China,

9711-404: The school experienced its first OFSTED inspection, which criticised the condition of the building and endorsed a reduction in the staffing budget, resulting in subsequent staff being hired on lower wages but with higher workloads. In 1996 a new sixth form centre was opened, having cost £100,000 to construct, while in 1997 personal computers were installed in the library, and in 1998 a tannoy system

9828-444: The school first expelled a pupil, William Duck, as punishment for allegedly spitting at passers-by from an open-top bus. Headmaster McGregor Williams was widely known for his scruffy appearance about the school. He was often stern towards the students, and implemented corporal punishment to punish disobedient pupils, beating them with a sawn-off cricket bat ; he was twice prosecuted in court for using excessive force in this manner, but

9945-488: The school in September 1973, representing the sixty female pupils who had the highest test scores from the local primary system. Accordingly, the term "for Boys" was removed from the school's name, while hockey and netball were introduced as sports for the girls to play. Some resentment arose however over the issue of punishment; while boys were still exposed to corporal punishment in the form of caning and (unofficial) slapping, girls were exempt from these measures. During

10062-490: The school was also called Dr Saunders's School and the Saunders Foundation School . The school was founded by the Rev. Dr Anthony Saunders, Rector of Buxted (died 1719) to teach reading, writing, arithmetic, and the elements of the church catechism to "six poor boys of Buxted and six poor boys of Uckfield". The first Master of the school was the Rev. John Lloyd. In his Will dated 31 October 1718, Saunders left

10179-545: The school's summer sport. The new headmaster was Richard "Dick" Pedley (1912–1973); born in Dorset , Pedley had studied English at Downing College, Cambridge before serving in the Royal Artillery during World War II. Prior to becoming Head at Chis and Sid he had taught at City Boys' School , Leicester and St. Olave's School , Southwark . Fiercely competitive, he encouraged a heightened spirit of competitiveness within

10296-406: The school, it was widely acclaimed both in architectural journals and in the popular press. It was also in 1935 that the school introduced purple blazers for uniforms, although the majority of students continued to wear their grey blazers; it would only be in the 1950s that the school's students had gone entirely over to purple. In 1938, the school was renamed Chislehurst and Sidcup County School; this

10413-450: The school, strongly emphasising academic achievement with the intent of getting as many students as possible to go on to study at the University of Oxford or Cambridge University . His success in this aim led to the school's attaining a national reputation and within the maintained school sector, only Harrow College rivaled its achievements. Opinions about Pedley among staff varied greatly, however, because his autocratic management style

10530-465: The school, the students set about digging out trenches to use as bomb shelters and assemblies were cancelled. Students were expected to carry their gas masks around with them in case of chemical attack and during the ensuing Blitz – in which the German Luftwaffe began bombing London and the areas around it – the school was affected by a nearby landmine on 17 September 1940, destroying

10647-449: The schooling system in the area. They decided that Chislehurst and Sidcup County School would become a grammar and would be moved from its site at Crittall's Corner to a much larger space at Lamorbey in Sidcup, where it would be situated alongside a newly built technical school, Hurstmere School . Meanwhile, the site at Crittall's Corner would be converted into a secondary modern, which would later be known as Kemnal Technology College . This

10764-612: The sexes were educated together, we should have the healthy, moral and intellectual stimulus of sex ever quickening and refining all the faculties, without the undue excitement of senses that results from novelty in the present system of isolation. For years, a question many educators, parents, and researchers have been asking is whether it is academically beneficial to teach boys and girls together or separately at school. Some argue that coeducation has primarily social benefits by allowing males and females of all ages to become more prepared for real-world situations and that students familiar with

10881-456: The state of Florida was an exception. In 1905, the Buckman Act was one of consolidation in governance and funding but separation in race and gender, with Florida State College for Women (since 1947, Florida State University ) established to serve white females during this era, the campus that became what is now the University of Florida serving white males, and coeducation stipulated only for

10998-519: The story, but only gave it a few paragraphs under the title of "160 Pupils Suspended after Party". Reporters from the BBC local news picked up on it, while the following day, The Sun returned to the story with an editorial cartoon by Franklin in which the school was referred to as "Sozzlehurst and Hiccup". According to historian Charles Wells, the event represented "the School's one undeniable moment of national fame". The period between 1983 and 1994 witnessed

11115-537: The story, claiming that 5 students had had to be taken to hospital as a result of their drinking, while others had smoked marijuana . Soon, other newspapers had picked up on the story, with journalists offering £5 to students outside the school gates who could provide the most lurid and sensationalist accounts of the events. As a result, The Star went with the headline "Sixth Form Banned After Brandy Orgy" while Daily Express decided on "The Day my Sixth Form went Wild". Broadsheet The Daily Telegraph also reported on

11232-466: The summer of 2014 and it was officially opened on 3 March 2016 by Mayor of London Boris Johnson . After opening the building the old study centre was converted into the Learning Support Room. The library was also closed, with the study area being converted to a classroom, and the library being refurbished with new furniture. From mid-2014 until late-2016 improvement works took place throughout

11349-671: The suspension of most of the school's sixth form for drinking alcohol at the preceding Christmas party. In 2004 it became a sports college and in 2011 an academy. Having been an agricultural village since the Late Middle Ages, the Kentish town of Sidcup began to urbanise following the opening of Sidcup railway station on the South Eastern Railway 's new Dartford Loop Line in 1866. The new transport links to central London led to increasing numbers of middle class professionals moving to

11466-479: The term solely to women implies that "normal" education is exclusively male: technically both male and female students at a coeducational institution should be considered "coeds". Writing for the Association for Supervision and Curriculum Development in 2017, author and educator Barbara Boroson described the noun use as "unfortunate", observing that "Although coeducation means 'the education of both sexes together at

11583-517: The town, in particular from inner London suburbs such as Camberwell and New Cross , which were experiencing social unrest and a rise in slum housing. After the rail line's electrification following the culmination of the First World War , speculative builders bought up cheap farmland around the town and by 1930 its population had risen to just short of 12,000, and would treble within the next two decades. Sidcup's dramatic population rise led to

11700-584: The windows in the main building were all replaced with double glazing to improve efficiency and comfort. In 2013 the school bought the BMW Group Pavilion Building, which stood in the 2012 London Olympic Park , for £1. The building became the new site for the Sixth Form and Marlborough Special Needs School, as well as the Business, Economics and Psychology departments. Construction of the building began in

11817-492: The women students. By the end of the 19th century 70% of American colleges were coeducational, although the state of Florida was a notable exception; the Buckman Act of 1905 imposed gender-separated white higher education at the University of Florida (men) and Florida State College for Women . (As there was only one state college for blacks, the future Florida A&M University , it admitted both men and women.) The white Florida campuses returned to coeducation in 1947, when

11934-425: The women's college became Florida State University and the University of Florida became coeducational. In the late 20th century, many institutions of higher learning that had been exclusively for people of one sex became coeducational. A number of Greek-letter student societies have either been established (locally or nationally) or expanded as co-ed fraternities. In American colloquial language, "coed" or "co-ed"

12051-570: Was a keen fan, to the school. In July 1933, the school's first foreign trip went ahead, with McGregor Williams' taking pupils to the Rhineland in Germany. At the time under the control of the Nazi regime of Adolf Hitler , the school continued taking pupils to the region in future years; in 1937 McGregor Williams and his pupils traveled the country wearing swastika armbands which they had been given by members of

12168-469: Was acquitted on both occasions. This view of Macgregor Williams is not supported by all. Pupils attending in his years as head report that they witnessed no evidence of beatings or indeed that he was a scruffy individual. A staunch supporter of the Conservative Party , he adored drama and took part in some of the school's early performances, as well as introducing the sport of lacrosse , of which he

12285-601: Was because the Sidcup Urban District Council had been abolished in 1934, its role being adopted by the newly created Chislehurst and Sidcup Urban District Council. In 1939, Britain entered the Second World War and a number of the school's teachers were called up to fight in the British Army. Headmaster McGregor Williams meanwhile joined the Home Guard , eventually becoming the head of the Chislehurst platoon. At

12402-464: Was criticised for achieving success for some pupils at the expense of others. "The School's aim is to encourage the pursuit of excellence and to develop the highest potentialities of that minority of children upon whom the health and wealth of this country in the future will depend." In 1965, the London Government Act 1963 came into force, transferring Chis and Sid from the county of Kent to

12519-454: Was directed by English teacher John Hazelgrove and won Bexley Arts Trophy 's Best Play of the Year award, beating a variety of adult drama groups. In December 1982, sixth formers held a morning Christmas party in the sixth-form centre, during which alcohol was consumed. One pupil fell over and was taken away by ambulance with minor injuries, while another pupil was sent home for being drunk. During

12636-589: Was installed in the school. That year, a second OFSTED inspection concluded that the school had greatly improved since 1994. In December 1999 a newly rebuilt Music Block was ceremonially opened by the Mayor of Bexley, and in 2000 the roof of the New Block was replaced. The school then embarked on plans to construct a new sports' block, the Jubilee Pavilion, and sought sports' college status. In 2004, Jim Rouncefield left his post as Headmaster and Dr Joe Vitagliano took over. The school soon gained joint sports college status with

12753-420: Was more common up to the 19th century, mixed-sex education has since become standard in many cultures, particularly in western countries. Single-sex education remains prevalent in many Muslim countries. The relative merits of both systems have been the subject of debate. The world's oldest co-educational school is thought to be Archbishop Tenison's Church of England High School, Croydon , established in 1714 in

12870-547: Was officially opened in a ceremony led by the Lord Lieutenant of Kent and the Bishop of Rochester . As part of the move, in September 1954 it had been decided that the school houses would be renamed as Davies, Edlmann, Williams, Staff, Townshend and Lester, all figures who had played a prominent role in the school's history. The move also saw a change in the school's winter sport from football to rugby , although cricket remained

12987-425: Was open to women from its founding in 1855, and graduated its first female student in 1869. Cornell University and the University of Michigan each admitted their first female students in 1870. Around the same time, single-sex women's colleges were also appearing. According to Irene Harwarth, Mindi Maline, and Elizabeth DeBra: " women's colleges were founded during the mid- and late-19th century in response to

13104-535: Was partly to alleviate problems of overcrowding; the population of the local area had tripled since 1931 and the Crittall's Corner building was taking in more than the number of students that it had been built to accommodate. The decision to move the school was deeply opposed by Headmaster McGregor Williams, who wanted his school to remain within the Crittall's Corner building, of which he was particularly fond; he wrote letters to Members of Parliament suggesting expansion at

13221-575: Was the first college to admit both women and African Americans as students. Women were not admitted to the baccalaureate program, which granted bachelor's degrees, until 1837; prior to that, they received diplomas from what was called the Ladies' Course. The initial 1837 students were Caroline Mary Rudd, Elizabeth Prall, Mary Hosford, and Mary Fletcher Kellogg. The early success and achievement of women at Oberlin College persuaded many early women's rights leaders that coeducation would soon be accepted throughout

13338-1023: Was the first mixed-sex secondary school in Hong Kong . It was founded in 1915 as St. Paul's Girls' College. At the end of World War II , it was temporarily merged with St. Paul's College , which is a boys' school. When classes at the campus of St. Paul's College were resumed, it continued to be mixed and changed to its present name. Some other renowned mixed-sex secondary schools in town include Hong Kong Pui Ching Middle School, Queen Elizabeth School , and Tsuen Wan Government Secondary School . Most Hong Kong primary and secondary schools are mixed-sex, including government public schools, charter schools, and private schools. Mongolia's first co-educational school, named Third School, opened in Ulaanbaatar on November 2, 1921. Subsequent schools have been co-educational and there are no longer any single-sex schools in Mongolia. Pakistan

13455-442: Was the graduate-only Nuffield College in 1937; the first five undergraduate colleges ( Brasenose , Hertford , Jesus , St Catherine's , and Wadham ) became mixed in 1974. The first mixed Cambridge college was the graduate-only Darwin from its foundation in 1964. Churchill , Clare , and King's Colleges were the first previously all-male colleges of the University of Cambridge to admit female undergraduates in 1972. Magdalene

13572-488: Was the last all-male college to become mixed in 1988. The last women's college in Oxford, St Hilda's , became mixed as of Michaelmas term 2008. Two colleges remain single-sex (women-only) at Cambridge: Murray Edwards (New Hall) and Newnham . The oldest extant mixed-sex institute of higher education in the United States is Oberlin College in Oberlin, Ohio , which was established in 1833. Mixed-sex classes were admitted to

13689-402: Was to include classrooms and performance areas for drama and music students. Also included in the planning application are supplemental projects to extend part of the existing Jubilee Pavilion, and demolish an existing drama classroom to expand the canteen. However, new permission was granted in 2016 for a single story building, to provide two drama studios and 4 general classrooms. This superseded

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