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110-639: Crozer Arboretum , now the Crozer Garden , is a 12-acre (49,000 m) arboretum and garden park located at 1 Medical Center Boulevard, Upland, Pennsylvania . The grounds are open daily; admission is free. The park was formerly the campus of the Crozer Theological Seminary , the buildings of the seminary are currently used as office space by the Crozer-Chester Medical Center . The arboretum features large specimen trees dating from

220-651: A Viewing Order was needed so as not to interfere with funeral events. An arboretum containing mostly plants from Scandinavian countries. Situated on the European side of Istanbul in the northern Sarıyer district, Atatürk Arboretum covers 296 ha (730 acres) adjacent to the Belgrad Forest . The arboretum also includes a rare plant nursery operated by Istanbul University Forestry Department. A small arboretum at Bank Hall Gardens , Bretherton in Lancashire , contains

330-515: A shrubbery , and a viticetum (from the Latin vitis, meaning vine , referring in particular to a grape vine ). A palm house is a large greenhouse for palms and other tender trees. Egyptian pharaohs planted exotic trees and cared for them; they brought ebony wood from the Sudan, and pine and cedar from Syria. Hatshepsut 's expedition to Punt returned bearing thirty-one live frankincense trees,

440-607: A yew thought to be at least 550 years old, the oldest in Lancashire. George Anthony Legh Keck had the arboretum planted in the gardens which were abandoned from the 1970s until 1995 when Bank Hall Action Group cleared the grounds. It contains one of two known fallen Sequoia sempervirens in the UK , Wellingtonia , dawn redwood ( Metasequoia glyptostroboides ), Atlas cedar ( Cedrus atlantica ), western hemlock ( Tsuga heterophylla ), Chinese swamp cypress and yew. Recent additions by

550-525: A 250-hectare site in the Greenhills Forest areas west of the Tuggeranong Parkway and Lake Burley Griffin , Canberra , Australia . It includes an existing stand of 5000 Himalayan Cedars and the 80-year-old Cork Oak plantation which were damaged by the 2001 and 2003 Canberra bushfires . It features different types of threatened and symbolic trees from around Australia and the world, including

660-588: A classification it shares with most of north-west Europe. Regional climates are influenced by the Atlantic Ocean and latitude. Northern Ireland , Wales and western parts of England and Scotland , being closest to the Atlantic Ocean , are generally the mildest, wettest, and windiest regions of the UK, and temperature ranges there are seldom extreme. Eastern areas are drier, cooler, and less windy, and also experience

770-539: A committee until it was acquired by the Derby Corporation during the 1880s, the Derby Arboretum was only open free to the public for two days of the week for its first four decades, the remaining days being reserved for subscribers and their families and guests. Very popular anniversary festivals were staged annually which drew crowds of tens of thousands and helped to fund the upkeep of the park. The Derby Arboretum

880-459: A large variety of rare but hardy plants and trees, including amongst many species a grove of Giant Redwoods and a substantial Liquidambar collection. The arboretum is extensively labelled with educational notes and information for many of the plants. Wolverley, Kiddermister, Bodenham Arboretum has 156 acres (0.63 km ) contains mature woodland, specimen trees and shrubs. With a collection of over 3,000 species of trees and shrubs it includes

990-592: A little more unsettled; as cool polar air moves southwards, it can meet warm air from the tropics and produce an area of disturbance along which the country lies. This can combine with the warm ocean due to heating throughout the spring and summer, to produce some unsettled weather. In addition, the land may become colder than the ocean, resulting in significant amounts of condensation and rain-bearing clouds. Atlantic depressions at this time can become intense, and winds of hurricane force (greater than 119 km/h or 74 mph) can be recorded. Western areas, closest to

1100-425: A major hazard to drivers. Mean winter temperatures in the UK are most influenced by proximity to the sea. The coldest areas are the mountains of Wales and northern England, and inland areas of Scotland , averaging −3.6 to 2.3 °C (25.5 to 36.1 °F). Coastal areas, particularly those in the south and west, experience the mildest winters, on average 5 to 8.7 °C (41.0 to 47.7 °F). Hardiness zones in

1210-512: A mean temperature for England of 6.47C. The coldest winter on record for England was the winter of 1962–63 with a mean temperature of −0.60 °C (30.9 °F). The average total annual sunshine in the United Kingdom is 1339.7 hours, which is just under 30% of the maximum possible (The maximum hours of sunshine possible in one year is approximately 4476 hours). The hours of sunshine vary from 1200 to about 1580 hours per year, and since 1996

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1320-465: A new cafe and visitor centre. Dropmore Park , Buckinghamshire (Bucks) England, was created in the 1790s for future prime minister Lord Grenville . On his first day in occupation, he planted two cedar trees. At least another 2,500 trees were planted. By the time Grenville died in 1834, his pinetum contained the biggest collection of conifer species in Britain. Part of the post-millennium restoration

1430-399: A number of collections such as Acers, North American Oaks and Alders. There are many species of insects and resident and migrating birds with the aquatic and wet margins to the pools provide a breeding ground for many water-fowl and frogs. The Derby Arboretum opened on 16 September 1840. Commissioned and presented by Joseph Strutt (1766–1844) a wealthy industrialist and major local benefactor,

1540-512: A quiet, peaceful stroll along the many walking tracks and roads providing access to the 126 hectares of breathtaking scenery and tranquil beauty that the Arboretum has to offer. The RJ Hamer Arboretum land is a small part of the original Dandenong and Woori Yallock State forest, proclaimed over 110 years ago. The RJ Hamer Arboretum is the first known occasion in which a forest style Arboretum was completely established by planting. A basic planting design

1650-416: A recurring feature o The warmest summer on record for the UK was in 2018 with a mean temperature of 15.76C across the UK. Conversely, the coldest summer on record for the UK was in 1922 with a mean temperature of 12.24C. Other notable cool summers include 1920, 1954, 1956, 1962, 1965 and 1972. The sunniest summer on record for the UK was in 1976 with 672.1 hours of sunshine recorded across the UK. Conversely,

1760-418: A significant contribution to its planting, specialising in exotic, pendulous, contorted and twisted trees. It is also his final resting place – he is buried beneath a massive slab of Cumbrian slate inscribed by local artist John Skelton with the simple words "Edward James, Poet 1907 – 1984". The Sequoiafarm Kaldenkirchen is a German arboretum that has been used as a biological institute for many years. It

1870-779: A small lake, lodges, benches and other features and some of the nineteenth-century trees still survive. Affectionately referred to as "The Arb", the Nottingham Arboretum it also gives its name to the residential area – in which it lies – of the City of Nottingham , England. Located in Dompierre-les-Ormes , in South Burgundy , near Mâcon , the Arboretum de Pézanin was established in 1903 by French botaniquer Joseph-Marie-Philippe Lévêque de Vilmorin (1872–1917). Acquired by

1980-535: A spectacular display of colour in May and June. In the Summer the arboretum is bordered by white foxgloves, interspersed with shades of pink. The arboretum is much loved by locals but it is an irony that the fame of its youth has been largely forgotten, unappreciated, in its magnificent maturity. The Greifswald Botanic Garden and Arboretum (total area 9 hectares, German: Botanischer Garten und Arboretum der Universität Greifswald),

2090-745: A year during the period 1963 to 1976. The highest gust recorded at a low level in England was 191 km/h (119 mph) at Gwennap Head in Cornwall on 15 December 1979, and a 115 mph gust was also recorded at Shoreham-By-Sea on 16 October 1987. A disputed 122 mph gust was recorded on 16 October 1987 at Gorleston in Norfolk during the Great Storm of 1987 . In Scotland, Fraserburgh in Aberdeenshire recorded 229 km/h (142 mph) on 13 February 1989, which

2200-532: Is a collection of mature trees and shrubs that spreads over 10 acres of the Golden Grove / Gelli Aur Country Park . Commissioned by John Campbell, 2nd Earl Cawdor , the majority of the planting took place in 1865. It is an unusual, fine arboretum and celebrated in Victorian and Edwardian times as the finest in the UK. It is built in an arc as though embracing the house, fanning out from an ancient oak which stands at

2310-567: Is also drier than Wales in every month, yet it rains on more days. The rainiest month is January, when 17.8 days have more than 1 mm (0.04 in) of rain on average. Below is a list of record temperatures for Northern Ireland, according to the UK Met Office . Both the highest and the lowest temperatures were set in Castlederg in County Tyrone . Scotland is generally cool compared to

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2420-485: Is also significant because it was the planted counterpart to Loudon's Arboretum et Fruticetum Britannicum (1838) which detailed all the hardy and semi-hardy trees and shrubs of the British Isles. Within the park, the trees and shrubs were laid out according to the natural system and labelled so that visitors could identify them using the guide. The Derby park had a major impact on park design elsewhere including Europe,

2530-429: Is also sunnier throughout the year, but unlike Wales, Northern Ireland and Scotland, the sunniest month is July, with an average of 193.5 hours. It rains on fewer days every month throughout the year than the rest of the UK, and rainfall totals are less in every month, with the driest month, May, averaging 58.4 mm (2.30 in). The climate of south-west England displays a seasonal temperature variation, although it

2640-633: Is an arboretum and a scientific-researching institute of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine . The park is located in the northern part of the Uman city, Cherkasy Oblast ( Central Ukraine ), near the river Kamianka. Some areas of the park are reminiscent of an English garden . Today the park is a popular recreational spot, annually visited by 500,000 visitors. Climate of the United Kingdom The United Kingdom straddles

2750-528: Is first recorded used by John Claudius Loudon in 1833 in The Gardener's Magazine , but the concept was already long-established by then. An arboretum specializing in growing conifers is known as a pinetum . Other specialist arboreta include saliceta ( willows ), populeta ( poplar ), and querceta ( oaks ). Related collections include a fruticetum , from the Latin frutex , meaning shrub , much more often

2860-507: Is increasing concern among hydrological experts that London households may run out of water before 2050. The highest temperature recorded in England (and in the United Kingdom) occurred on 19 July 2022 at Coningsby, Lincolnshire. The lowest temperature ever recorded in England occurred on 10 January 1982 in Newport, Shropshire. Northern Ireland is warmer than Scotland throughout

2970-471: Is less extreme than most of the United Kingdom with milder winters. Certain species of palm trees and other exotic plants can be grown in coastal areas of Southwest England although summers are cooler than the Southeast. Gales are less common in England compared to Scotland; however, on some occasions, there can be strong winds, and rarely, the remains of Atlantic hurricanes and tropical storms. Some events such as

3080-562: Is located in the area of two neighboring villages Vieska nad Žitavou and Tesárske Mlyňany near Zlaté Moravce , Slovakia . It was established in 1892 by Hungarian Count István Ambrózy-Migazzi. Today, it is governed by the Slovak Academy of Sciences . Within its 67 hectares (170 acres) area, the arboretum features more than 2,300 woody plant species, being one of the largest collections in Central Europe . The Nottingham Arboretum (1852)

3190-468: Is often unsettled and stormy; often the wettest and windiest time of the year. Snow falls intermittently and mainly affects northern and eastern areas, high ground in Wales and especially the mountains of Scotland , where there is often enough snow lying to permit skiing at some of the five Scottish ski resorts . These resorts usually operate between December and April, depending on the snowfall. Frequently in

3300-551: Is relatively infrequent despite the country's high latitude: often the only areas with significant snowfall are the Scottish Highlands and the Pennines , where at higher elevations a colder climate determines the vegetation, mainly temperate coniferous forest, although deforestation has severely decreased the forest area. For a majority of the UK, snow is frequent in winter time yet is usually light and does not last long, apart from

3410-471: Is relatively uncommon around the coast. Average annual rainfall in those areas can be less than 1,000 millimetres (39 in). Below is a list of record temperatures for Wales, according to the UK Met Office . Spring is the period from March to May. Spring is generally a calm, cool season, particularly because the Atlantic has lost much of its heat throughout the autumn and winter. As the sun rises higher in

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3520-799: Is situated close to the Dutch border in North Rhine-Westphalia and has 500 varieties of trees and an interesting ground flora. The founder Illa and Ernst J. Martin wanted to find out if the giant sequoia, which had existed in Germany before the ice age, could be introduced to German forestry . Sochi Arboretum is a monument of landscape architecture located in the Khosta district of the city of Sochi , Krasnodar Krai , in Russia. It includes 76 species of pine, 80 species of oak, and 24 species of palm. Sofiyivsky Park

3630-534: Is to use what survives as the basis for a collection of some 200 species. Dømmesmoen Arboret is a 40 hectares (99 acres) arboretum in Grimstad municipality, Aust-Agder county, Norway . In the Dømmesmoen forest, where the arboret is planned in harmony with nature, 22 different ecosystems have been defined. The trees and plants have been planted along the tracks so that the visitors can experience and learn about them in

3740-566: Is tucked away on a south facing escarpment of the famous Cotswold Hills. Bedgebury National Pinetum , near Goudhurst , Kent is one of the world's most complete collections of conifers . The 300 acre Pinetum contains over 12,000 trees and shrubs (including 1,800 different species) from across five continents, many of them rare and endangered. Located in South Derbyshire near Ashby-de-la-Zouch, with planting begun in 1992, this 9 acre Royal Horticultural Society recommended arboretum contains

3850-513: The British climate , an international history of arboriculture , an assessment of the cultural, economic and industrial value of trees and four volumes of plates. Loudon urged that a national arboretum be created and called for arboreta and other systematic collections to be established in public parks , private gardens, country estates, and other places. He regarded the Derby Arboretum (1840) as

3960-495: The Derby Arboretum opened in 1840, another arboretum was opened for free public access at Abney Park Cemetery in Stoke Newington near London, modelled partly on Mount Auburn Cemetery near Boston and designed by Loddiges nursery. It was laid out with 2,500 trees and shrubs, all labelled and arranged in an unusual alphabetical format from A for Acer (maple trees) to Z for Zanthoxylum (American toothache trees). Until Kew

4070-581: The FA Cup - Wrexham were forced to play on sand for one tie. In recent times snow has generally become rarer, but the UK can still get heavy falls, such as in 1978–79, 1981–82, 1986–87 and 1990–91 . The winter of 2008/09 produced the heaviest snowfall since 1991 between 1 and 3 February, and the winter of 2009–10 was even more severe, with many parts of the United Kingdom having the coldest and snowiest winters since 1978/79; temperatures plummeted to −22.3 °C (−8.1 °F) at Altnaharra , Sutherland – close to

4180-450: The Great Storm of 1987 occurred near the UK and caused damage in England. Temperate summer heatwaves of 30 °C+ and droughts occasionally occur, especially in London and Southeast England. The summer of 2018 was particularly sunny and dry across England. The prevailing wind direction for England is from the south-west. London is vulnerable to climate change in the United Kingdom , and there

4290-599: The United Kingdom . One example of an early European tree collection is the Trsteno Arboretum , near Dubrovnik in Croatia . The date of its founding is unknown, but it was already in existence by 1492, when a 15 m (49 ft) span aqueduct to irrigate the arboretum was constructed; this aqueduct is still in use. The garden was created by the prominent local Gučetić/Gozze family . It suffered two major disasters in

4400-552: The 1930s, this Forestry Commission arboretum is at Kilmun , Argyll and Bute , Scotland . Established in the early 19th century around the historical Kórnik Castle by its owner, Count Tytus Działyński , later enriched by his heirs : his son Jan Kanty Działyński and Władysław Zamoyski . It is the largest and oldest arboretum in Poland. It covers over 40 hectares and is famous for rich collections of rhododendrons , azaleas , conifers , lilacc , and other woody species from all over

4510-494: The 1990s but its two unique and ancient Oriental Planes remained standing. The arboretum at Ooty was established in 1992 with an aim of conserving native and indigenous trees, and is maintained by the Department of Horticulture with Hill Area Development Programme funds. It occupies 1.58 hectares (3.9 acres) near Ooty Lake . The site is a micro watershed area and a natural habitat for both indigenous and migratory birds; prior to

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4620-571: The Action Group include paperbark maple ( Acer griseum ) (2004), cedar of Lebanon ( Cedrus libani ) (2005), further yew and pine trees (2006–2009) and a Ginkgo biloba (2011) for the Royal Wedding of the Duke and Duchess of Cambridge. It also has many specimens of snowdrop , daffodil and bluebell . Situated one and a quarter miles west of Moreton-in-Marsh , Gloucestershire , Batsford Arboretum

4730-441: The Atlantic, experience these severe conditions more often than eastern areas. Autumn, particularly the latter part, is often the stormiest time of the year. One particularly intense depression was the Great Storm of 1987 . A very severe storm also affected the UK on 27 October 2002. At Mumbles Head near Swansea, a maximum sustained wind speed of over 123 km/h was recorded: equivalent to a Category 1 hurricane. The autumn of 2013

4840-638: The British colonies and North America and other public parks and arboreta were established modelled on Loudon's creation and using his ideas. In 1859 for example, it was visited by Frederick Law Olmsted on his European tour of parks, and it had an influence on the planting in Central Park , New York. Industrial pollution killed most of the original plantings by the 1880s (although a few examples remain), but it has been renovated and replanted with National Lottery Heritage funding closer to Loudon's original layout and with

4950-475: The Derby Arboretum was designed by John Claudius Loudon and had a major impact upon the development of urban parks. It was one of the first Victorian public parks and also unusual for the quality of its collection of trees and shrubs. Although established on only quite a small site of 14 acres, the park featured a labelled collection of over 1000 trees and shrubs and was landscaped with mounds, sinuous paths, urns, benches, statues, lodges and other features. Managed by

5060-465: The Gulf Stream blows further inland with the prevailing winds. At low elevations, summers tend to be warm and sunny. Average maximum temperatures range between 19 and 22 °C (66 and 72 °F). Winters tend to be fairly wet, rainfall is excessive and the temperature usually stays above freezing. Spring and autumn feel quite similar and the temperatures tend to stay above 14 °C (57 °F) – also

5170-582: The Southern Hemisphere can be found at Eastwoodhill Arboretum , Ngatapa , Gisborne , New Zealand . The arboretum is the realization of the dream of William Douglas Cook (1884–1967), who started planting trees on his farm shortly after the First World War . The arboretum is now the National Arboretum of New Zealand, and holds some 4,000 different trees, shrubs and climbers. This arboretum

5280-583: The UK Met Office . Wales has warmer temperatures throughout the year than Northern Ireland and Scotland and has milder winter minima than England, but cooler winter maxima than Northern Ireland. Wales is wetter throughout the year than Northern Ireland and England, but has fewer rainy days than Northern Ireland; meaning that rainfall tends to be more intense. Wales is also drier than Scotland in every month apart from May, June and December, and there are fewer days with rain than in Scotland. Sunshine totals throughout

5390-787: The UK are high, ranging from zone 7 in the Scottish Highlands , the Pennines and Snowdonia , to zone 10 on the Isles of Scilly . Most of the UK lies in zones 8 or 9. In zone 7, the average lowest temperature each year is between −17.7 and −12.3 °C (0.1 and 9.9 °F), and in zone 10, this figure is between −1.1 and 4.4 °C (30.0 and 39.9 °F). Snow falls in the UK every year, but in small quantities. The UK can suffer extreme winters like 1684, 1740, 1795 (when London had its record lowest temperature of −21.1 °C (−6.0 °F), 1947 and 1963. In 1962 it snowed on Boxing Day , and snow lasted in most areas until 6 March, with blizzards through February, which had significant and documented effects on

5500-405: The UK has been and still is receiving above the 1981 to 2010 average hours of sunshine. Generally the United Kingdom sees frequent cloudy skies due to its high latitude and oceanic controlled climate. The lowest sunshine hours are found in northern parts of the country and the highest in the southern parts and southern coast of England. The counties of Dorset , Hampshire , Sussex and Kent are

5610-496: The UK was in 1893 with just 107.4mm of precipitation falling on average across the UK. Summer lasts from June to August and is the warmest and usually the sunniest season. There can be wide local variations in rainfall totals due to localised thundershowers. These thundershowers mainly occur in southern, eastern, and central England and are less frequent and severe in the north and west. Greater London, Kent, Sussex, Surrey, Essex, Hertfordshire, Cambridgeshire, Suffolk and Norfolk see

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5720-404: The UK. The driest autumn on record for the UK was in 1922 with 192.7mm of precipitation. Winter in the UK is defined as lasting from December to February. The season is generally cool, wet, windy, and cloudy. Temperatures at night rarely drop below −10 °C (14 °F) and in the day rarely rise above 15 °C (59 °F). Precipitation can be plentiful throughout the season, though snow

5830-559: The air masses are strong enough in their respective areas during the summer, there can sometimes be a large difference in temperature between the far north of Scotland (including its islands) and the south-east of England – often a difference of 10–15 °C (18–27 °F) but sometimes as much as 20 °C (36 °F) or more. In the height of summer the Northern Isles can have temperatures around 15 °C (59 °F). England generally has low maximum temperatures year round. England

5940-437: The average annual daytime temperature. Rainfall patterns show significant variation. The further west, the higher the expected rainfall; up to 40 per cent more. At low elevations, rain is unpredictable at any time of year, although the showers tend to be shorter in summer. The uplands of Wales have most rain, normally more than 50 days of rain during the winter months (December to February), falling to around 35 rainy days during

6050-433: The coolest areas of the UK, with average temperatures ranging from −0.6 to 5.8 °C (30.9 to 42.4 °F). The southern half of England experiences the warmest spring temperatures of between 8.8 and 10.3 °C (47.8 and 50.5 °F). Spring mean temperatures have become higher during the 2000s and the 2010s. The warmest spring on record was 2017 with a mean temperature for the UK of 9.12C. The coldest spring on record

6160-482: The creation of the arboretum it had been neglected, and the feeder line bringing water to the lake was contaminated with urban waste and agricultural chemicals . From 2005 to 2006 the Hill Area Development Programme provided funds of Rs 1,250,000 for the construction of permanent fencing, a footpath, and other infrastructure facilities. Probably the largest collection of Northern Hemisphere trees in

6270-513: The densest burial mound areas found in Norway. The most famous attractions at Dømmesmoen among locals are a 400-500 year old hollow oak , and a wooden tower overlooking the town of Grimstad. 2 kilometres east of Dømmesmoen, at Fjære , Fjære church is situated. The stone church was built around year 1150, and has significant historical value dating back to the Viking area. Golden Grove / Gelli Aur Arboretum

6380-449: The dullest summer on record for the UK was in 1954 with just 372.7 hours of sunshine recorded on average across the UK. The wettest summer on record for the UK was in 1879 with an average of 399.9mm precipitation across the UK. Conversely, the driest summer on record for the UK was in 1995 with just 105.9mm of precipitation recorded on average across the UK. Autumn in the United Kingdom lasts from September to November. The season may be

6490-407: The early 1950s. The arboretum comprises some 18,000 trees and shrubs, over an area of approximately 600 acres (240 ha). It has 17 miles (27 km) of marked paths which also provide access to a wide variety of rare plants. The St Roche's Arboretum at West Dean College is a circuit walk 2.5 miles (4.0 km) long that encompasses a collection of specimen trees and shrubs. Edward James made

6600-410: The east of Scotland and north-east England are more exposed to the continental polar air mass which brings cold dry air. The south and south-east of England are the least exposed to polar air masses from the north-west, and on occasion see continental tropical air masses from the south, which bring warm dry air in the summer. On average, the temperature ranges from 18 to 25 °C (64 to 77 °F). If

6710-420: The greatest daily and seasonal temperature variations. Northern areas are generally cooler and wetter and have slightly larger temperature ranges than southern areas, which are generally warmer and drier. The UK is mostly under the influence of the maritime polar air mass from the north-west. Northern Ireland and the west of Scotland are the most exposed to the maritime polar air mass which brings cool moist air;

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6820-462: The high latitude air masses that pass across the UK. This thermohaline circulation has a powerful moderating and warming effect on the country's climate. This warm water current warms the climate to such a great extent that if the current did not exist then temperatures in winter would be about 10 °C (18 °F) lower than they are today and similar to eastern Russia or Canada near the same latitude. The current allows England to have vineyards at

6930-429: The higher altitudes, where snow can lie for 1–5 months or even beyond 6 months. Towards the later part of the season the weather usually stabilises with less wind, less precipitation and lower temperatures. This change is particularly pronounced near the coasts, mainly because the Atlantic Ocean is often at its coldest at this time after being cooled throughout the autumn and the winter. The early part of winter however

7040-478: The higher mid-latitudes between 49° and 61°N on the western seaboard of Europe . Since the UK is always in or close to the path of the polar front jet stream , frequent changes in pressure and unsettled weather are typical. Many types of weather can be experienced in a single day. The climate in the United Kingdom is defined as a humid temperate oceanic climate , or Cfb on the Köppen climate classification system,

7150-548: The higher parts of Snowdonia experience average annual temperatures of 5 °C (41 °F). Temperatures in Wales remain higher than would otherwise be expected at its latitude because of the North Atlantic Drift , a branch of the Gulf Stream . The ocean current, bringing warmer water to northerly latitudes, has a similar effect on most of north-west Europe. As well as its influence on Wales' coastal areas, air warmed by

7260-494: The individual trees are labelled for identification. The trees may also be organised in a way to aid their study or growth. Many tree collections have been claimed as the first modern arboretum, with the term applied retrospectively as it probably did not come into use even orally until the later eighteenth century, or later. Probably the most important early proponent of the arboretum in the English-speaking transatlantic world

7370-442: The late 13th century, and had them brought by elephant to his winter capital at Khanbaliq (modern Beijing ), where they were planted on a large artificial mound, "a hundred paces in height and over a mile in cicumference", known as the "Green Mound", with a palace or pavilion at the top. The ground of the mound was also covered in pieces of green stone. In an arboretum a wide variety of trees and shrubs are cultivated. Typically

7480-517: The latest in the year such a high temperature had been recorded. Temperatures on the night of 12–13 October were also just under 18.2 °C (64.8 °F) in London. Coastal areas in the southern half of England have on average the warmest autumns, with mean temperatures of 10.7 to 13.0 °C (51.3 to 55.4 °F). Mountainous areas of Wales and northern England, and almost all of Scotland, experience mean temperatures between 1.7 and 7.5 °C (35.1 and 45.5 °F). The warmest autumn on record

7590-501: The mid-19th century, more than 1,400 rhododendrons , native herbaceous plants and shrubs, lawns, two ponds, natural springs, and walkways. The campus also features the 10-acre (40,000 m) Leona Gold Garden and Crozer Greenhouse. 39°51′26″N 75°22′07″W  /  39.85711°N 75.36870°W  / 39.85711; -75.36870 Arboretum In Latin, an arboretum is a place planted with trees, not necessarily in this specific sense, and "arboretum" as an English word

7700-603: The midpoint of the country's west coast, has nearly 17 hours of daylight at the summer solstice. Daylight at midwinter there falls to just over seven and a half hours. The country's wide geographic variations cause localised differences in sunshine, rainfall and temperature. Average annual coastal temperatures reach 10.5 °C (51 °F) and in low lying inland areas, 1 °C (1.8 °F) lower. It becomes cooler at higher altitudes; annual temperatures decrease on average approximately 0.5 °C (0.9 °F) each 100 metres (330 feet) of altitude. Consequently,

7810-584: The millennium. 2011 and 2016 were notable as many areas of the country recorded their highest temperatures of the year in September and October (for example, 28.2 °C (82.8 °F) at Hawarden on 1 October, 26.3 °C (79.3 °F) at St. Athan on 2 October 2011 and the UK's highest temperature of 2016 on 13 September with 34.4 °C (93.9 °F) at Gravesend). On 13 October 2018, temperatures reached 26.5 °C (79.7 °F) at Donna Nook in Lincolnshire,

7920-519: The most important landscape-gardening commission of the latter part of his career because it demonstrated the benefits of a public arboretum (for more details see below). Commenting on the Loddiges family's famous Hackney Botanic Garden arboretum, begun in 1816, which was a commercial nursery that subsequently opened free to the public, for educational benefit, every Sunday, Loudon wrote: "The arboretum looks better this season than it has ever done since it

8030-615: The most thunderstorms during the summer. The South West, the Midlands and Northern England get thunderstorms too, but they are less frequent and severe. Wales and Scotland also gets the occasional thunderstorm. On rare occasions, a type of supercell thunderstorm called the Spanish Plume forms over the country after very hot weather. These storms are severe in the South West and South East and get weaker as they go north. Drought has been noted as

8140-457: The mountains on either side of the valley obscure the sun in the early morning and late evening. This is noticeable in winter where there are only a few hours of sunshine. The mountains of Wales, northern England and Scotland can be especially cloudy with extensive mist and fog . Near the coast, sea fog may develop in the spring and early summer. Radiation fog may develop over inland areas of Great Britain and can persist for hours or even days in

8250-420: The mountains potent depressions may move in from the north in the form of " polar lows ", introducing heavy snow and often blizzard -like conditions to parts of the United Kingdom, particularly Scotland. Blizzards have become rarer in the 21st century, although much of England was affected by one on 30 January 2003. During periods of light winds and high pressure, frost and fog can become a problem and can pose

8360-461: The mountains, some parts of which average less than 1200 hours of sunshine annually. The prevailing wind is south-westerly. Coastal areas are the windiest, gales occur most often during winter, on average between 15 and 30 days each year, depending on location. Inland, gales average fewer than six days annually. Wales experiences long summer days and short winter days result of northerly latitudes (between 53° 43′ N and 51° 38′ N). Aberystwyth , at

8470-489: The park between 1885 and 1927. Today it contains over 1,200 taxa (species and cultivars) of broad-leaved trees, 300 of coniferous trees, and about 600 of perennial herbs. Arboretum Wespelaar , in Wespelaar , Belgium , brings together trees and shrubs from the whole world. The arboretum focuses on: Acer , Magnolia , Rhododendron and Stewartia . The Westonbirt Arboretum , near Tetbury, Gloucestershire, England ,

8580-456: The passage of deep depressions across the country. The Hebrides experience on average 35 days of gale a year (a day where there are gale-force winds) while inland areas in England and Wales receive fewer than 5 days of gale a year. Areas of high elevation tend to have higher wind speeds than low elevations, and Great Dun Fell in Cumbria (at 857 m or 2,812 ft) averaged 114 days of gale

8690-486: The rest of the UK. In the lowlands, an oceanic climate ( Köppen : Cfb ) prevails, while in the mountains and in parts of the Shetland , the summers get cool enough for the climate to be classified as subpolar oceanic ( Cfc ). As a whole, Scotland has average minimum temperatures just above zero in winter months and rather cool average highs of 17 °C (63 °F) in summer. The Central Lowlands have higher temperatures during

8800-458: The roots of which were carefully kept in baskets for the duration of the voyage; this was the first recorded attempt to transplant foreign trees . It is reported that Hatshepsut had these trees planted in the courts of her Deir el Bahri mortuary temple complex. Marco Polo describes how Kublai Khan collected specimens of evergreen trees that he admired from around the Mongol Empire in

8910-636: The same latitude that Canada has polar bears . These warm ocean currents also bring substantial amounts of humidity which contributes to the notoriously wet climate that western parts of the UK experience. The high latitude and proximity to a large ocean to the west means that the United Kingdom experiences strong winds. The prevailing wind is from the south-west, but it may blow from any direction for sustained periods of time. Winds are strongest near westerly facing coasts and exposed headlands . Gales —which are defined as winds with speeds of 51 to 101 km/h (32 to 63 mph)—are strongly associated with

9020-509: The sky and the days get longer, temperatures slowly rise, but the solar effect is mitigated somewhat by the effect of the cool ocean waters and westerly winds that blow across them. There is a chance of snow earlier in the season when temperatures are colder; often in March. Mean temperatures in Spring are markedly influenced by latitude. Most of Scotland and the mountains of Wales and northern England are

9130-523: The south and east of England; while average hours of sunshine in summer range from 294–420 hours in northern Scotland and Northern Ireland, to 600–760 hours in southern English coastal counties. The most sunshine recorded in one month was 383.9 hours at Eastbourne ( East Sussex ) in July 1911. One of the greatest influences on the climate of the UK is the Atlantic Ocean and especially the Gulf Stream , which carries warm water up from lower latitudes and modifies

9240-643: The state in 1935, it is now one of the richest collection in France , visited every year by thousands of tourists. Průhonice Park in the Czech Republic is a National Heritage Site, and since 2010 has been included within the boundaries of the UNESCO World Heritage Site of Prague . The arboretum was founded in 1885 by Count Arnošt Emanuel Silva-Tarouca. 2,360 taxa (species and cultivars), of which 310 were evergreen and 2,050 deciduous taxa were planted in

9350-494: The summer months (June to August). Annual rainfall in Snowdonia averages between 3,000 millimetres (120 in) ( Blaenau Ffestiniog ) and 5,000 millimetres (200 in) ( Snowdon 's summit). The likelihood is that it will fall as sleet or snow when the temperature falls below 5 °C (41 °F) and snow tends to be lying on the ground there for an average of 30 days a year. Snow falls several times each winter in inland areas but

9460-451: The summer than any other part of Scotland, and have also broken some records for the whole of the UK. Aviemore is considered one of the coldest inhabited places, with its inland location and an altitude of about 210 m (690 ft). The wettest month in Scotland is January; most months are wetter than other parts of the UK, except for the late spring to early autumn months. Below is a list of record temperatures for Scotland, according to

9570-464: The sunniest areas, which have annual average totals of around 1,750 hours of sunshine per year. Northern, western and mountainous areas are generally the cloudiest areas of the UK, with some mountainous areas receiving fewer than 1,000 hours of sunshine a year. Valley areas such as the South Wales Valleys , due to their north–south orientation, receive less sunshine than lowland areas because

9680-449: The surrounding Atlantic Ocean and seas being at their warmest, keeping the country in warm air, despite the relatively weak sun. Examples of this were in 1985, 1999, 2005, 2006, 2011 and 2016 when September saw above average temperatures which felt more like a continuation of summer than autumn. Autumns since 2000 have generally been very mild, with notable extremes of precipitation; the UK has seen some of its wettest and driest autumns since

9790-578: The top of the terraced lawn. The natural slope enhancing the view from the house. Many of the trees are champions, they love the damp, temperate climate. Several are on the Monumental Trees website. The Great Western Red Cedar is particularly spectacular, people come from all over the world to see it. Herbaceous plants and bulbs were planted as part of the carpet, and American and Asiatic shrubs were planted to provide colour and fragrance. The Rhododendrons are an extremely fine single variety and present

9900-474: The various ecosystems. Information about the various ecosystems are found along the tracks in the forest and park area. Through the years, approximately 700 different species of trees and plants have been planted in the Dømmesmoen area. The Dømmesmoen area, where the arboret is situated, has a fascinating history. Excavations have found traces of settlements that can be dated to around year 0. There are 50-60 burial mounds from pre Viking area at Dømmesmoen, among

10010-514: The winter and can pose a major hazard for drivers and aircraft. Often anticyclones ( high pressure systems ) may move over the United Kingdom, which can persist for weeks or even months. The subsided, dry air from the Azores often results in clear skies and few clouds, bringing frosty nights in winter and warm days in the summer. Average hours of sunshine in winter range from 38–108 hours in some mountainous areas and western Scotland, up to 217 hours in

10120-522: The world's largest planting of the Wollemi pine . There will eventually be 100 forests and 100 gardens with almost 80 forests planted already. Located at Yarramundi Reach on the shores of Lake Burley Griffin , the Lindsay Pryor National Arboretum is a 30-hectare site originally planted by Professor Pryor between 1954 and 1957 to improve the view from Government House. Shortly before

10230-472: The world. The Institute of Dendrology in Kórnik is located within the arboretum. Affectionately referred to as "The Arb" or "The Arbo", Lincoln Arboretum is to the east of the city and retains its line of sight up the hill to the nearby Lincoln Cathedral . This was one of the original design features. It was laid out between 1870 and 1872 by Edward Milner and has been renovated since 2002. Arborétum Mlyňany

10340-621: The year 2016 was set on 30 November. Snow also fell rather widely across the UK on 28–29 October 2008, causing traffic problems where it settled on the M4. Even further south, low temperatures can be recorded, with temperatures well below freezing as far south as Heathrow Airport on 29–31 October 1997, with a lower temperature than any recorded at this station in March, However, the United Kingdom sometimes experiences an "Indian summer", when temperatures, particularly by night, can be very mild and rarely fall below 10 °C (50 °F). Such events are aided by

10450-431: The year are more than that of Scotland and Northern Ireland, but less than that of neighbouring England. May is the sunniest month, averaging 186.8 hours. The south-western coast is the sunniest part of Wales, averaging over 1700 hours of sunshine annually, with Tenby , Pembrokeshire, its sunniest town. The dullest time of year is between November and January and the sunniest between May and August. The least sunny areas are

10560-455: The year. Maximum temperatures are milder than in Wales from December to April, and milder than in England from December to February, but Northern Ireland is cooler during the rest of the year. Sunshine totals in every month are more than those of Scotland, but less than those of the rest of Great Britain . Northern Ireland is drier and has fewer rainy days than Scotland throughout the year, except in May, when it rains on more days. Northern Ireland

10670-644: The −22.9 °C (−9.2 °F) recorded in Antarctica in the same period. The lowest temperature ever recorded in the UK was −27.2 °C (−17.0 °F), on 10 January 1982 and 11 February 1895 in Braemar , Scotland and on 30 December 1995 in Altnaharra. December 2015 was the wettest calendar month ever recorded in the United Kingdom, and January 2016 the second wettest. In these months, some northern and western parts had 2 to 4 times as much rainfall as normal. December 2015

10780-510: Was also littered with severe storms, including the St. Jude's Storm on 28 October 2013. Autumn can sometimes be a cold season—in recent years, very low temperatures and heavy snowfall have been recorded during November 1985, November 1993 and November 2010. There was a new record low of −18.0 °C (−0.4 °F) in Wales on 28 November 2010. At Northolt, in Greater London, the coldest temperature of

10890-452: Was also the warmest December averaged over the whole UK, and the CET had the warmest December on record. (CET was 9.7 °C (49.5 °F), this is warmer than even any March ). Most areas of southern England had average monthly temperatures 5–6 deg. C above normal. Some plants flowered that would normally do so in the spring. The mildest winter on record for England was the winter of 2015–16 with

11000-522: Was completed in 1970 and planting was carried out for the next 15 years. The Tasmanian Arboretum was established in 1984 on the Don River in Devonport, Tasmania , Australia . The main site is 58 ha. There are over 2,500 plants in the geographic and thematic collections along with riparian revegetation. Maintenance of the collections is done by volunteers. National Arboretum Canberra is being developed on

11110-414: Was designed by Samuel Curtis as the centrepiece of a major scheme enclosing the common lands around the town. It included various public walks, parks, cemeteries and other green spaces. The Nottingham Arboretum was modelled on Loudon's Derby Arboretum and also originally had a systematic labelled collection of trees and shrubs. Advantage was taken on the hilly site to produce an attractive landscaped park with

11220-586: Was enlarged and opened to the public, this remained the largest arboretum in Europe. It never achieved the recognition of the better financed early nineteenth century botanical gardens and arboreta that could afford members' events, indoor facilities and curatorial staff for those who paid accordingly. However, unlike these, and even unlike the 'public' arboretum at Derby, the Abney Park arboretum always offered public access free of charge, though sometimes, by pre-arrangement;

11330-423: Was equalled during Cyclone Xaver on 5 December 2013. Wales' highest wind speed gust of 200 km/h (124 mph) was set at Rhoose, Vale of Glamorgan on 28 October 1989. Especially potent storm systems typically affect the UK during autumn and winter, with the winters of 1989/1990 and 2013/2014 particularly notable for the frequency and potency of storm systems. An unofficial gust of 194 mph (312 km/h)

11440-512: Was founded around 1828 as the private tree collection of Captain Robert Holford at the Holford estate. Holford planted in open fields and laid out rides before he rebuilt the house. Planting at Westonbirt was continued by his son, George Holford. Eventually the estate passed to the government in lieu of death duties and was opened to the public. Also the word "arbortorium" was changed to arboretum in

11550-513: Was founded in 1763. It is one of the oldest botanical gardens in Germany, and one of the oldest scientific gardens in the world. It is associated with the University of Greifswald in Greifswald, Germany. This is located at RHS Garden, Wisley , Surrey , England. The Kew Gardens botanical gardens are set within an arboretum covering the majority of the 121-hectare (300-acre) site. Established in

11660-426: Was in 1891 with a mean temperature of 5.42C. The sunniest spring on record for the UK was in 2020 with 626.0 hours recorded on average across the UK. Conversely, the dullest spring on record for the UK was in 1983 with an average of 322.3 hours of sunshine across the UK. The wettest spring on record for the UK was in 1947 with 332.4mm of precipitation falling on average across the UK. The driest spring on record for

11770-449: Was in 2006 with a mean temperature of 11.35C. The coldest autumn on record was in 1887 with a mean temperature of 6.97C. The sunniest autumn on record for the UK was 1959 with an average of 341.3 sunshine hours recorded on average across the UK. The dullest autumn on record for the UK was in 1968 with just 208.2 hours of sunshine recorded. The wettest autumn on record for the UK was in 2000 with an average of 509.6mm of precipitation across

11880-485: Was offered to Hamilton residents in 1997. Trees and shrubs were planted there from 1973 by John and Bunny Mortimer to provide shelter and shade for local animals. The arboretum is a popular picnic spot and is enjoyed by about 60,000 people every year. The twenty-two hectare arboretum contains 1500 species of trees and much birdlife. Parks Victoria RJ Hamer Arboretum, Visitors to the RJ Hamer Arboretum can take

11990-723: Was planted... The more lofty trees suffered from the late high winds, but not materially. We walked round the two outer spirals of this coil of trees and shrubs; viz. from Acer to Quercus . There is no garden scene about London so interesting". A plan of the Loddiges' arboretum was included in The Encyclopaedia of Gardening , 1834 edition. Leaves from Loddiges' arboretum and in some instances entire trees, were studiously drawn to illustrate Loudon's encyclopaedic book Arboretum et Fruticetum Britannicum which also incorporated drawings from other early botanic gardens and parklands throughout

12100-470: Was the prolific landscape gardener and writer, John Claudius Loudon (1783–1843) who undertook many gardening commissions and published the Gardener's Magazine , Encyclopaedia of Gardening and other major works. Loudon's Arboretum et Fruticetum Britannicum , 8 vols., (1838) is probably the most significant work on the subject in British history and included an account of all trees and shrubs that were hardy in

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