Misplaced Pages

#75924

25-539: The village is the site of Croxden Abbey , founded in 1176 by the Cistercians , but now ruined. It is privately owned and in the care of English Heritage . The manor was formerly in the ownership of the Earl of Macclesfield . [REDACTED] Media related to Croxden at Wikimedia Commons 52°57′N 1°54′W  /  52.950°N 1.900°W  / 52.950; -1.900 This Staffordshire location article

50-549: A low annual income should be dissolved. The monks paid a fine of £100 for a royal licence to continue, until 1537 when the abbey was surrendered and the land and property sold off. The king granted the monks pensions, with the last abbot receiving an annual sum of £26 13s. 4d. Two 16th-century deeds relating to the abbey's property, just prior to its dissolution, are held at the Cadbury Research Library, University of Birmingham. The mid-13th-century chapel survived as

75-512: Is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . Croxden Abbey Croxden Abbey , also known as " Abbey of the Vale of St. Mary at Croxden ", was a Cistercian abbey at Croxden , Staffordshire , United Kingdom . A daughter house of the abbey in Aunay-sur-Odon, Normandy, the abbey was founded by Bertram III de Verdun of Alton Castle , Staffordshire, in the 12th century. The abbey

100-859: The Act for the Dissolution of the Lesser Monasteries and as the Dissolution of Lesser Monasteries Act 1535 , was an Act of the Parliament of England enacted by the English Reformation Parliament in February 1535/36. It was the beginning of the legal process by which King Henry VIII set about the Dissolution of the Monasteries . From the 14th century onwards, several popes had granted licences for

125-475: The church for the parish of Croxden until 1886, when it was replaced by newer building to the north. In 1936 the site passed into the care of the Ministry of Public Building and Works , and is today managed by English Heritage . The substantial ruins of a number of the buildings are still standing and, thanks to excavations in 1968, the foundations of some demolished buildings are also traceable. The design of

150-555: The 13th century, with King John awarding the monks an annuity of £5 from the Exchequer of Ireland in 1200, before exchanging it for land in Adeney , Shropshire , in 1206. Croxden was relatively prosperous at this time, drawing the majority of its wealth from sheep farming. By 1315, the monks were supplying more wool to the continent than any other religious house in the county, with transactions being recorded with Florentine merchants well into

175-455: The 1420s. The abbey's wealth is reflected in the purchase of a house in London by abbot William of Over for £20. By the 14th century, Croxden's financial situation had worsened. The strains of royal taxation, the repayment of loans and the imposition of a corrodian combined with bad harvests and plague were a drain on the abbey's resources. With the death of Theobald II de Verdun , the last of

200-642: The Act states – The main effect of the Act was to expropriate the lesser religious houses to the King, who (in the words of the Act) "shall have to him and to his heirs all and singular such monasteries, abbeys, and priories, which at any time within one year next before the making of this Act have been given and granted to his majesty by any abbot, prior, abbess, or prioress, under their convent seals, or that otherwise have been suppressed or dissolved... to have and to hold all and singular

225-473: The church was based on the abbey's mother church in Aunay-sur-Odon and is considered more elaborate than most Cistercian architecture. The west wall, including two doorways and lancet windows above them, is still almost complete. The conventual and service buildings were situated to the south of the church, and include a sacristy , chapterhouse , kitchen and dormitory . The upper floors which included

250-709: The dormitory and a treasury are no longer extant. The Uttoxeter Casket or Dr Nelson's Casket is a wooden Anglo-Saxon reliquary which probably came from Croxden Abbey. It is likely that it held a religious relic and was displayed on an altar. The casket currently resides in the Cleveland Museum of Art in Ohio . Elizabeth de Segrave de Mowbray d 25 May 1358 52°57′16″N 1°54′13″W  /  52.95444°N 1.90361°W  / 52.95444; -1.90361 Suppression of Religious Houses Act 1535 The Suppression of Religious Houses Act 1535 , also referred to as

275-434: The first practical results of the assumption of the highest spiritual powers by the king was the supervision by royal decree of the ordinary episcopal visitations, and the appointment of a layman — Thomas Cromwell — as the king's vicar-general in spirituals, with special authority to visit the monastic houses, and to bring them into line with the new order of things. A document, dated 21 January 1535, allows Cromwell to conduct

SECTION 10

#1733086294076

300-511: The hostility between the king and the pope escalated. In the words of John Burton's Monasticon Eboracense (1758) – The casting off the Pope's Supremacy, and the Monks being looked on only as a sort of half-subjects, ever ready to join any foreign power, which should invade the nation, whilst the King was excommunicated by the Pope... together with the alienation of the lesser houses, were urged for seizing

325-473: The monks barricading themselves within the abbey for 16 weeks in 1319. It wasn't until July 1319, with the help of other local landowners, that the monks received an assize of novel disseisin and their property usage was returned to them. With an income of less than £200 per year the abbey should have been suppressed under the Suppression of Religious Houses Act 1535 , which dictated all religious houses with

350-417: The north, and the city of York was reached on 11 January 1536. But with all their haste, to which they were urged by Cromwell, they had not proceeded very far in the work of their northern inspection before the meeting of Parliament. Parliament met on 4 February 1535/36 and received a digest of the report Valor Ecclesiasticus , a visitation of the monasteries of England commissioned by the King. Cromwell

375-448: The premises, with all their rights, profits, jurisdictions, and commodities, unto the king's majesty, and his heirs and assigns for ever, to do and use therewith his and their own wills, to the pleasure of Almighty God, and to the honour and profit of this realm". This section includes a retrospective effect, regularising suppressions of houses which had already taken place. The Act, and the many dissolutions which followed in its wake,

400-531: The rest; to which the King's want of a large supply, and the people's willingness to save their own pockets, greatly contributed; and accordingly, a motion shortly after was made in Parliament, that, to support the King's state, and supply his wants, all the religious houses might be conferred upon the Crown, which were not able to expend clearly above 200 l. per annum. This Act was passed about March, A. D. 1535. One of

425-438: The senior direct male line of the family in 1316, leaving four daughters as his heirs, the patronage of the abbey became the inheritance of the eldest heiress Joan de Verdun, who married secondly Thomas de Furnivall, 2nd Baron Furnivall of Hallamshire, into whose family Alton and Croxden passed. There was a number of serious disputes between the monks and de Furnivall concerning his use of abbey lands and property, culminating in

450-732: The suppression of religious houses in England. In 1528 Cardinal Wolsey sequestrated Rumburgh Priory for funds to build his college at Ipswich. The breakdown of relations between Henry VIII and the Church in Rome, prompted by his marriage to Anne Boleyn , resulted in the Statute in Restraint of Appeals of 1533, forbidding all appeals to the Pope in Rome on religious or other matters. Pope Clement VII responded by announcing Henry's provisional excommunication , and

475-472: The visit through "commissaries", as the minister is said to be at that time too busy with "the affairs of the whole kingdom." The men employed by Cromwell were chiefly Richard Layton and Thomas Leigh . The visitation seems to have been conducted systematically, and to have passed through three clearly defined stages. During the summer the houses in the West of England were subjected to examination; and this portion of

500-482: The well-being of myself and Rohais my wife, and my successors ; The monks remained at the Alton site until 1179, before moving to land near Croxden, a few miles south. Grants of land were made by Bertram de Verdun to the abbey across Staffordshire, Cheshire , Derbyshire and Leicestershire , along with the churches of Alton and Tugby , and two chapels at Keythorpe and East Norton . The abbey continued to expand into

525-543: The work came to an end in September, when Layton and Leigh arrived at Oxford and Cambridge respectively. In October and November the visitors changed the field of their labours to the eastern and southeastern districts; and in December we find Layton advancing through the midland counties to Lichfield, where he met Leigh, who had finished his work in the religious houses of Huntingdon and Lincolnshire. Thence they proceeded together to

SECTION 20

#1733086294076

550-523: Was dissolved in 1538. In 1176, Bertram III de Verdun, the lord of the manor of Croxden, endowed a site for a new abbey near Alton , Staffordshire, to a group of 12 Cistercian monks from Aunay-sur-Odon , Normandy . Bertram founded the abbey, like many noblemen of his time, for the souls of his family and on the condition that the monks would celebrate mass for the souls of Norman de Verdun, my father, and of Lescelina, my mother, and of Richard de Humez, who brought me up, and of my predecessors; and for

575-545: Was conceded, a new parliament was to be called, and the rebels were promised free pardons. After they had dispersed and gone home, Henry broke his word. The rebel leaders were arrested and put on trial, and several hundred were executed. Bigod's rebellion then followed, also unsuccessful. Sections 17 and 18 were repealed by section 11 of the Continuance of Laws, etc. Act 1623 ( 21 Jas. 1 . c. 28), sections 4 to 6, 8 to 12, and 14 were repealed by section 1 of, and schedule 1 to,

600-615: Was the principal cause of the Pilgrimage of Grace , a rebellion which broke out at Louth in Lincolnshire in October 1536. An army numbering about 30,000 men gathered, and King Henry ordered the Duke of Norfolk, Duke of Suffolk , and Lord Shrewsbury to take action. But he had no standing army , and the rebels were looked on favourably. So peace had to be negotiated, the demand to restore the monasteries

625-559: Was then defeated in Parliament, with his plan to reform monasteries denied, and the Dissolution of the Monasteries, put forward by Thomas Audley, soon passed the Act. The Act applied only to lesser houses "which have not in lands, tenements , rents , tithes , portions, and other hereditaments , above the clear yearly value of two hundred pounds ", attacking such houses as dens of iniquity and proposing that those in them should be "committed to great and honourable monasteries of religion" and "compelled to live religiously". The preamble of

#75924