83-570: Croix-Rouge station ( French pronunciation: [kʁwɑ ʁuʒ] ) was the first terminus of Line 10 of the Paris Métro . It opened in 1923, but closed in 1939. The station was situated in the 6th arrondissement of Paris , between Sèvres–Babylone and Mabillon . The name of the station comes from the junction named Croix-Rouge, situated at the north-eastern end of the Rue du Cherche-Midi. The name had previously been in existence for several centuries. It
166-409: A basin to store rainwater, which would then be slowly released into the sewer system, preventing overflow. Plans also call for several public swimming areas to be made available by 2025, ending a ban instituted in 1923 due to the polluted water. These efforts have produced mixed results, as E. coli levels have often been found to be far higher than what is safe to swim in, though this could depend on
249-551: A concept that had just been inaugurated with line 7. Trains would branch at Grenelle station and run to the Porte de Sèvres (now Balard ). The trains would run along the two branches alternately. Work on the line began in April 1908 with an underwater construction site in the Seine between the stations of Concorde and Invalides on one end and another construction site at Pont Mirabeau on
332-476: A connection with line 7. Seine The Seine ( / s eɪ n , s ɛ n / sayn, sen , French: [sɛn] ) is a 777-kilometre-long (483 mi) river in northern France . Its drainage basin is in the Paris Basin (a geological relative lowland) covering most of northern France. It rises at Source-Seine , 30 kilometres (19 mi) northwest of Dijon in northeastern France in
415-399: A connection with line 9. Arriving at Porte d'Auteuil , the tracks separate to form the complexity of tracks that head towards Boulougne, a maintenance station, Murat , or towards Michel-Ange – Molitor . After the station Mirabeau , the line crosses the Seine via an underwater tunnel and reaches the station Javel – André Citroën by way of a 40‰ ramp after passing under tracks of line C of
498-407: A population over 100,000 are in the Seine watershed: Le Havre at the estuary, Rouen in the Seine valley and Reims at the northern limit—with an annual urban growth rate of 0.2 percent. The population density is 201 per square kilometer. Tributaries of the Seine are, from source to mouth: Due to concentrated levels of industry, agriculture and urban populations of Paris and its surroundings,
581-555: A vaulted ceiling. The line ran under the Rue de Four , the Rue de Sèvres , and the Boulevard des Invalides with a very pronounced bend at Duroc . The line quickly became a financial disaster for the CMP, with an average of at most 1,000 passengers per day and per station. The terminus of Croix-Rouge received only four hundred daily passengers, and Varenne station , the least frequented station of
664-522: Is also the only train that will take passengers on the turn-around loop at Auteuil . The last train leaves Boulogne – Pont de Saint Cloud at 12:47 am destined for Gare d'Austerlitz . From Gare d'Austerlitz , the last train leaves at 12:35 am for Boulogne – Pont de Saint-Cloud and another for Porte d'Auteuil at 12:51 am. From Friday night to Sunday and during holidays, the last departure from Boulogne – Pont de Saint-Cloud leaves at 1:47 am for Gare d'Austerlitz . From this terminus,
747-575: Is associated with Latin; the Latin word seems to derive from the same root as Latin sequor (I follow) and English sequence , namely Proto-Indo-European *seik - , signifying 'to flow' or 'to pour forth'. On 28 or 29 March 845, an army of Vikings led by a chieftain named Reginherus, which is possibly another name for Ragnar Lothbrok , sailed up the River Seine with siege towers and sacked Paris . On 25 November 885, another Viking expedition led by Rollo
830-454: Is assured by a 3.5 billion euro subsidy made possible through transportation deposits paid by corporations and contributions from public community groups. Line 10 is a secondary line on the Parisian network, and the number of total passengers amounts to only a little more than a quarter of the total passengers of line 1. Line 10 is the least-traveled line on the network, with the exception of
913-477: Is dredged and ocean-going vessels can dock at Rouen , 120 kilometres (75 mi) from the sea. Commercial craft (barges and push-tows) can use the river beginning at Marcilly-sur-Seine , 516 kilometres (321 mi) to its mouth. At Paris, there are 37 bridges. The river is only 24 metres (79 ft) above sea level 446 kilometres (277 mi) from its mouth, making it slow flowing and thus easily navigable. The Seine Maritime, 123 kilometres (76 mi) from
SECTION 10
#1733086321693996-463: Is entirely underground. Beginning at the western terminus of Line 10, the first train that leaves the station Porte d'Auteuil heads towards the terminus of gare d'Austerlitz . At this time, passengers may ride on the turn-around track, which is closed to passengers for the rest of the day. SIEL, système d'information en ligne , gives passengers on the platforms the time-to-arrival of the next two trains, and has been operational since 1 July 2008. At
1079-574: Is limited to the south of the capital and, passing by few centers of activities, is rarely travelled by Parisians. With the exception of the oriental section Gare d'Austerlitz – Duroc , traffic is very light. On the other hand, the line is especially trafficked by students, as it links multiple important university centers such as the campus de Jussieu , la Sorbonne , and Sciences Po , for example. The line services several places of interest to tourists in Paris and its western suburb: Métro line 10 resulted from
1162-588: Is one of 16 metro lines in Paris, France. The line links Boulogne–Pont de Saint-Cloud in Boulogne-Billancourt in the west with Gare d'Austerlitz , traveling under the neighborhoods situated on the Rive Gauche in the southern half of Paris and the commune of Boulogne-Billancourt . Its two termini are Gare d'Austerlitz and Boulogne–Pont de Saint-Cloud . The line is entirely underground and stretches 11.7 kilometres (7.3 mi) across 23 stations. It has
1245-522: Is situated in the 8th arrondissement of Paris, close to the Boulevard Périphérique and accessible via a junction on line 7. It is composed of two distinct sections: a maintenance workshop for the trains of line 7 (AMT), and a workshop for changing the composition of the trains on the network. The depot occupies a total of 34,350 square metres (369,700 sq ft). 330 agents were employed at this depot in 2007. In 2008, one complete trip across
1328-419: Is situated in the neighborhood of Auteuil: tracks 1 and 3 of the loop border the central platform of Miche-Ange – Molitor . Afterwards, they pass under the rails of line 9, until combining at the arrival to Chardon-Lagache with a unique platform. Finally, tracks 1 reach the station Mirabeau and then go towards Austerlitz . Tracks 2, coming from Austerlitz , follow a very peculiar profile and do not service
1411-493: Is situated. Through an eighth lock the river Yonne is reached at Montereau-Fault-Yonne. From the mouth of the Yonne, larger ships can continue upstream to Nogent-sur-Seine (48 km [30 mi], 7 locks). From there on, the river is navigable only by small craft to Marcilly-sur-Seine (19 km [12 mi], 4 locks). At Marcilly-sur-Seine the 19th century Canal de la Haute-Seine used to allow vessels to continue all
1494-749: Is unrelated to the International Red Cross and Red Crescent Movement (generally referred to in French as the Croix-Rouge ), founded in 1863. The station was closed on 2 September 1939, with France's entry into the Second World War and the mobilisation of staff from the Compagnie du chemin de fer métropolitain de Paris (CMP). It was reopened after the Liberation but then closed again due to its proximity to
1577-404: The Boulevard Périphérique , followed by the platforms for the connections to Auteuil and Murat before ascending to service the station Michel – Ange – Molitor . In order to achieve this, ramps reaching a descent of up to a 40‰ grade are used. Tracks 2 (towards Boulogne) are separated by the loop on the level of the avenue du Général-Sarrail with a bend and a slope of 40‰. The loop to Auteuil
1660-549: The Langres plateau, flowing through Paris and into the English Channel at Le Havre (and Honfleur on the left bank). It is navigable by ocean-going vessels as far as Rouen , 120 kilometres (75 mi) from the sea. Over 60 percent of its length, as far as Burgundy , is negotiable by large barges and most tour boats, and nearly its whole length is available for recreational boating; excursion boats offer sightseeing tours of
1743-555: The barrière de la Cunette , one of the doors of the Wall of the Farmers-General that was one situated where the station is now. The station Sèvres – Babylone contains an exposition of ecology, with showcases on recycling, renewable energy or water consumption and electricity consumption in the world. In 2008, these windows were renovated with signs giving specific information on the initiatives of Grenelle Environnement . The ceiling of
SECTION 20
#17330863216931826-400: The commune of Source-Seine , about 30 kilometres (19 mi) northwest of Dijon . The source has been owned by the city of Paris since 1864. A number of closely associated small ditches or depressions provide the source waters, with an artificial grotto laid out to highlight and contain a deemed main source. The grotto includes a statue of a nymph, a dog, and a dragon. On the same site are
1909-432: The "voie Murat" connection. This option is used after events at Parc des Princes when Line 9 is used by unusually many people. Five stations on line 10 have changed names of the course of the years: Some stations on the line are decorated with a particular cultural theme in mind: The station Javel – André Citroën presents the life and enterprise of André Citroën with the use of placards and photographs. The seats of
1992-489: The 1960s marked an upturn in agricultural pollution due to land use changes that had previously scaled with population growth. Heavy industries near Paris and along the Oise River discharged virtually untreated wastewaters from the turn of the 19th century, causing concentrations of toxins in the river that were ignored until the late 1980s. Major French laws to address water quality were passed in 1898, 1964, 1996, and 2006. At
2075-409: The 19th century, which combines street runoff and sewage. The resulting oxygen deficit is principally caused by allochthonous bacteria larger than one micrometre in size. The specific activity of these sewage bacteria is typically three to four times greater than that of the autochthonous (background) bacterial population. Heavy metal concentrations in the Seine are relatively high. The pH level of
2158-606: The Battle of Normandy. Some of the Algerian victims of the Paris massacre of 1961 drowned in the Seine after being thrown by French policemen from the Pont Saint-Michel and other locations in Paris. At the 1900 Summer Olympics , the river hosted the rowing , swimming , and water polo events. Twenty-four years later , it hosted the rowing events again at Bassin d'Argenteuil, along
2241-560: The English Channel at Le Havre to Rouen, is the only portion of the Seine used by ocean-going craft. The tidal section of the Seine Maritime is followed by a canalized section ( Basse Seine ) with four large multiple locks until the mouth of the Oise at Conflans-Sainte-Honorine (170 km [110 mi]). Smaller locks at Bougival and at Suresnes lift the vessels to the level of
2324-465: The French government sought to reduce bacterial levels in the river to those safe for swimming. During the Olympics, daily tests of the water quality were taken to determine if it was safe for swimming; this caused the triathlon to be delayed by a day, before being allowed to proceed on July 31. A few of the triathletes who swam in the river became sick afterwards, though it was not clear if the Seine water
2407-481: The RER. Following this, the line follows avenue Émile-Zola to arrive at the stations Charles Michels and Avenue Émile Zola before joining the rue du Commerce . When the line reaches the station La Motte-Picquet – Grenelle , the two tracks separate: tracks 1 are situated in a half-station with platform 1 of line 8 and tracks 2 service a half station but without tracks 2 of line 8 which are situated below. Before arriving at
2490-486: The Seine as well as its tributaries Yonne, Marne, and Aube. These help in maintaining a constant level for the river through the city, but cannot prevent significant increases in river level during periods of extreme runoff. The dams are Lac d’Orient , Lac des Settons , Lake Der-Chantecoq , and Auzon-Temple and Amance, respectively. A very severe period of high water in January 1910 resulted in extensive flooding throughout
2573-405: The Seine at Pont Neuf has been measured to be 8.46. Despite this, the water quality has improved significantly over what several historians at various times in the past called an "open sewer". In 2018, a €1.4 billion ($ 1.55 billion) cleanup programme called the "Swimming Plan" was launched with the aim of making the river safe to use for the 2024 Summer Olympics . The project included constructing
Croix-Rouge station - Misplaced Pages Continue
2656-459: The Seine beside the Tuileries Garden . Having a length of sixty-six feet and an eight-foot beam Fulton's steamboat attained speeds of three to four miles per hour against the Seine's current. Reaching the Seine was one of the original objectives of Operation Overlord , during the Second World War , in 1944. The Allies' intention was to reach the Seine by 90 days after D-Day . That objective
2739-426: The Seine north of Paris. More than a century later, during the 2024 Summer Olympics , the Seine hosted a boat parade with boats for each national delegation during the opening ceremony . The river was also the site of the men's and women's event for marathon swimming , as well as the swimming portion of the triathlon . Although swimming in the Seine had been banned since 1923, a €1.4 billion cleanup effort by
2822-532: The Seine-Normandy watershed experiences the highest human impacts of any hydrographic basin in France. Compared to most other large European rivers, the ability of the Seine to dilute urban sewage and farmland runoff is very low. Low oxygen levels, high concentrations of ammonia, nitrites and faecal bacteria, extending from Paris to the estuary, have been issues for over a century. The advent of nitrogenous fertilizers in
2905-430: The Seine. By the early 2020s, the number of fish species near Paris had rebounded to 32. Periodically the sewage systems of Paris experience a failure known as sanitary sewer overflow , often in periods of high rainfall. Under these conditions, untreated residential and industrial sewage is discharged into the Seine to prevent backflow . This is due in large part to Paris' "single system" drainage scheme dating from
2988-415: The beginning of the 20th century, most domestic sewage was used as fertilizer for nearby croplands. As populations grew, the agricultural capacity to absorb those wastewaters was exceeded. Large-scale construction of waste water treatment plants (WWTPs) began in 1940 to meet demand; however, by 1970, about 60% of urban sewage was allowed to flow into the river untreated. The resulting oxygen depletion reduced
3071-511: The buried remains of a Gallo-Roman temple . Small statues of the dea Sequana "Seine goddess" and other ex-votos found at the same place are now exhibited in the Dijon archaeological museum. The Seine can artificially be divided into five parts: Below Rouen, the river passes through the Parc Naturel Régional des Boucles de la Seine Normande , a French regional nature park . The Seine
3154-591: The casing was gradually extended as the caisson was installed. Work began in August 1907 but was not finished until 1913, also delayed by the 1910 Great Flood of Paris. on two levels, which allowed for the simultaneous departure of trains towards Auteuil from a single platform and the planned branch towards the Porte of Sèvres on one level, as well as the arrival of trains in the opposite direction from both branches at an island platform on another level. While work at Pont Mirabeau
3237-410: The city of Paris. The Seine again rose to threatening levels in 1924, 1955, 1982, 1999–2000, June 2016, and January 2018. After a first-level flood alert in 2003, about 100,000 works of art were moved out of Paris, the largest relocation of art since World War II . Much of the art in Paris is kept in underground storage rooms that would have been flooded. A 2002 report by the French government stated
3320-509: The classic metro trains. Because of the ineffectiveness of the MA 51 model, it was eventually completely replaced by the MF 67 model between 1988 and 1994. The line's history is closely tied to that of lines 7 , 8 , and 13 . A section of Line 10's route was replaced by Line 13, and Line 10 replaced part of Line 7 for more than a year, until eventually replacing the western section of Line 8 where its terminus
3403-400: The connection of two sections, east and west, which created a set of distinct lines. The west section, from La Motte-Picquet to Grenelle à Porte d'Auteuil was initially part of line 8. Line 8 was the last line adopted for the agreement of 30 March 1898, and consisted of a route between Opéra and Porte d'Auteuil via Grenelle. In March 1910, it was decided that the line would have a branch,
Croix-Rouge station - Misplaced Pages Continue
3486-405: The connection tracks that arrive in the middle of the circulation tracks and level off at the station Cluny – La Sorbonne . The connection tracks rejoin the other tracks of line 10 before the station Maubert – Mutualité . The same principle is in effect with the connection to line 7 but these double tracks pass under the tracks of line 10 before the station Cardinal Lemoine . When the route reaches
3569-460: The earlier rainstorm during the opening ceremony had driven some untreated rainwater back into the Seine. However, the triathlon proceeded the following day, after testing found the water quality to be sufficient for swimming. The name Seine comes from Gaullish Sēquana , from the Celtic Gallo-Roman goddess of the river, as offerings for her were found at the source. Sometimes it
3652-398: The eastbound tracks. Westbound section Eastbound section The separate sections were once part of a loop that returned westgoing trains to Javel – André Citroën . After Porte d'Auteuil (last station on the westbound section) the trains turned round to Michel-Ange – Molitor (first station on the eastbound section). When the line was extended with Jean Jaurès and Boulogne
3735-732: The entire métro network, saw only three hundred passengers per day. As a result, only ten trains of six cars serviced the line, two motor cars serving as first class cars, which saw so little traffic that they were replaced with simple motors equipped only with two conductor cars. Extension on the line followed in 1923 between Croix-Rouge and Odéon , creating a section 900 metres (2,953 ft) long connecting two additional stations. This tiny extension brought an increase of traffic due to its connection with line 4. It began serving Mabillon on 10 March 1925 and Odéon on 14 February 1926. The City of Paris decided in 1925 to connect three lines to line 10. To this end, many possibilities were examined. It
3818-424: The entire width of the river between the built-up banks on either side is normally filled with water. The average flow of the river is very low, only a few cubic metres per second, but much higher flows are possible during periods of heavy runoff. Dredging in the 1960s mostly eliminated tidal bores on the lower river, known in French as "le mascaret." Four large storage reservoirs have been built since 1950 on
3901-636: The last departure takes place at 1:35 am for Boulogne – Pont de Saint-Cloud and at 1:46 am for Porte d'Auteuil . Trains on line 10 are less frequent than those on other lines: the average time between trains is between three and five minutes during the day and between eight and nine minutes late night. On Sunday mornings, the time between trains is between six and seven minutes, and about ten minutes Friday night, and all of Saturday, Sunday, and holidays after 12:30 am (after 1:15 am on Friday and Saturday nights). Line 10 has always been unique with respect to its train sets. Before World War II, it
3984-470: The least traffic of any of the 14 main metro lines (excluding lines 3bis and 7bis ). Initially, the MA 51 model trains, which had previously been used on Line 13 until it joined Line 14 , circulated on the tracks of Line 10. These trains were first constructed with three cars on four bogies per train, and two trains permanently connected to make six cars per train, having an equivalent capacity to five cars on
4067-417: The line took twenty-eight minutes in the west–east direction and twenty-nine minutes in the opposite direction. As with all lines of the Paris métro (with the exception of the bis lines), the first departure of the day leaves the station at 5:30 am. A train leaves from Boulogne – Pont de Saint-Cloud at 5:35 am, preceded by the first departure on the line from Porte d'Auteuil at 5:30 am, which
4150-408: The métro can be divided into two categories: station agents and conductors. Station agents are responsible for ticket sales, verifying passenger tickets, general management of the station, as well as other tasks as the needs of the service dictate. The conductors assure the functioning of the trains. Service is divided into three shifts: day, mixed, and night. Fares on line 10 are identical to those on
4233-509: The network's entire costs. This difference is made up by funding from the Syndicat des transports d'Île-de-France (STIF) ( Île-de-France Transportation Union ), which has been presided over since 2005 by the president of the Conseil régional d'Île-de-France , composed of locally elected persons. This group defines the general conditions of use as well as the duration and frequency of services. Financing
SECTION 50
#17330863216934316-482: The number of fish species to three. Measures taken in the early 2000s due to the Water Framework Directive led to significant reductions of organic carbon, phosphorus and ammonium, which in turn decreased the occurrence and severity of phytoplankton blooms. Continued WWTP construction and new treatment methods improved environmental conditions. In 2009, it was announced that Atlantic salmon had returned to
4399-425: The old MA 51 train sets of line 13, numbering 52 in total, were progressively transferred to line 10 and drastically modernized. The cars were repainted, their outer bodies and seats replaced, and modern fluorescent lighting installed. They circulated in permanent sets of six. By June 1976, all of the trains had been transferred to line 10 and put into service, where they eventually ended their career. In order to reform
4482-516: The old Sprague models and because of an insufficient number of trainsets, some MF 67 train sets of the A/D model were placed on line 10 as well. The MA 1951 model was introduced between 1988 and 1994, and afterwards were replaced by MF 67 series E models coming from line 7bis , which itself got the MF 88 trains that also had an unusual wheel arrangement (in that case, single axle bogies). The MF 67 will be replaced by MF 19 train sets in 2025. Employees of
4565-426: The other. The first site was completed in January 1911, after being delayed during the 1910 Great Flood of Paris . The tunnel under the Seine is made up of five box caissons , between 35 and 44 meters (115 and 144 ft) long, pre-assembled on the quai de Javel (now the quai André-Citroën). It has a cast iron casing placed under a masonry vault. The construction of the tunnel on the right bank ( rive droite )
4648-540: The prospect of low revenues that would certainly result from such a small section serving only neighborhoods of little activity caused the Compagnie du chemin de fer métropolitain de Paris (CMP) to delay the construction and postpone the opening and what would surely be a resulting deficit as far back as possible. Finally, after being required by the city to do so, the company opened the line for use on 30 December 1923. The new line 10 consisted of six stations, each of which with
4731-460: The rest of the transport network and are accessible via the same tickets. A ticket t+ allows for a single one-way trip with one or more connections with other lines of the metro as well as inner-city RER lines. The financing of the functioning of the line, maintenance, cars, and employees is handled by the RATP; however, fares are dictated legislatively and income from ticket sales do not completely cover
4814-579: The river banks in the capital city, Paris. There are 37 bridges in Paris across the Seine (the most famous of which are the Pont Alexandre III and the Pont Neuf ) and dozens more outside the city. A notable bridge, which is also the last along the course of the river, is the Pont de Normandie , the ninth longest cable-stayed bridge in the world, which links Le Havre and Honfleur . The Seine rises in
4897-605: The river in Paris, where the junction with the Canal Saint-Martin is located. The distance from the mouth of the Oise is 72 km (45 mi). The Haute Seine , from Paris to Montereau-Fault-Yonne , is 98 km (61 mi) long and has 8 locks. At Charenton-le-Pont is the mouth of the Marne . Upstream from Paris seven locks ensure navigation to Saint Mammès , where the Loing mouth
4980-435: The river was rising. The Deputy Mayor of Paris Colombe Brossel warned that the heavy rain was caused by climate change . He added that "We have to understand that climatic change is not a word, it's a reality." The basin area, including a part of Belgium, is 78,910 square kilometres (30,470 sq mi), 2 percent of which is forest and 78 percent cultivated land. In addition to Paris, three other cities with
5063-457: The season. At the same time, the fish population in the river has surged, from just two species to over 30. To demonstrate the river's improved cleanliness, Mayor Anne Hidalgo and President Emmanuel Macron both pledged to take a swim in the waters, and Hidalgo did so on July 17, 2024. During the Summer Olympics, the date of the triathlon was postponed due to water quality issues, as
SECTION 60
#17330863216935146-577: The section was no longer operated as a loop. Porte d'Auteuil is also connected with Porte de Saint-Cloud of line 9 . This connection is called "voie Murat" and it passes the ghost station Porte Molitor . The station was meant for spectators leaving the Parc des Princes football stadium, but plans were changed and access to the station from the streets was never constructed. Westbound trains on line 10 (terminating at Porte d'Auteuil ) can be re-routed to line 9 , starting eastbound at Porte de Saint-Cloud via
5229-500: The sense that it is configured to receive an underwater passing coming from the gare de Paris-Lyon . Line 10 has separate eastbound and westbound sections between the stations of Boulogne – Jean Jaurès (west) and Javel – André Citroën . Both sections run side by side between Javel – André Citroën and Mirabeau , but the Mirabeau station is only served by eastbound trains. Westbound trains pass through Mirabeau on an inclined ramp behind
5312-478: The short 3bis and 7bis lines. Between 1992 and 2004, traffic has grown a total of 4.7%, which puts the line in 8th place in terms of growth (behind line 14). The most frequented station of the line, in annual traffic with all lines considered, is Gare d'Austerlitz with 8.73 million passengers. In 1998, daily traffic on line 10 averaged 148,613 passengers for each day the line was open, with 104,041 on Saturdays and 53,051 on Sundays. By way of its route, line 10
5395-426: The sidewalk of the avenue du Géneral-Sarrail provides access. The depots are connected to line 9 as well; however, line 9 has not used these depots since the opening of those at Boulogne connected to Pont de Sèvres . Both heavy and regular (batteries, tune-ups, and repainting) maintenance of the trains of line 10, as with all other trains on the rail network, takes place at the depot at Choisy . Opened in 1931, it
5478-441: The station Cluny – La Sorbonne is decorated with mosaics and signatures of famous writers such as Racine , Molière , Michelet , Victor Hugo , and Rimbaud . The line contains six junctions with other lines of the network: Trains on line 10 are serviced by the depots at Auteuil, which are connected to the tracks of the terminus Porte d'Auteuil . These depots are entirely underground; other than tunnels, an escalator located on
5561-461: The station Jussieu , lines 7 and 10 follow parallel routes which allows for the platforms of the two lines to be side by side. Finally, the line follows bends in both direction under the Jardin des plantes to arrive at the terminus, Gare d'Austerlitz . The arrival is situated under the arrivals hall of the train station, and the turn-around loop is under the railroad tracks. This cul-de-sac is peculiar in
5644-462: The station Mirabeau , instead crossing behind it with a sharp ramp due to the great depth of the line after traversing the Seine. Furthermore, in order to reach the station Église d'Auteuil , the tracks must climb even higher very close to the station's foundation. Following this, tracks 2 of the line pass behind tracks of line 9 and arrive at the station Michel-Ange – Auteuil , which has a central platform surrounded by tracks 2 and tracks H coming from
5727-745: The station Sèvres–Babylone . The bus stop at the same location retained the Croix-Rouge name until 31 December 2005, when it was renamed Michel-Debré, after Michel Debré , first Prime Minister under the Fifth Republic and co-author of the Constitution of France . Apart from the street sign Carrefour de la Croix-Rouge at the junction, there is therefore no longer any official trace of the name. 48°51′07″N 2°19′46″E / 48.85194°N 2.32944°E / 48.85194; 2.32944 Paris M%C3%A9tro Line 10 Paris Métro Line 10
5810-495: The station Ségur , the line passes under the Rapp intake. It then services the stations Duroc , Vaneau and Sèvres – Babylone . The line continues eastward and passes through the vacant station Croix-Rouge , which was closed on 2 September 1939. Finally, the line arrives at Mabillon . Beginning at Odéon the route of line 10 becomes complixed as it must pass an intersection with line 4. The two tracks part in order to yield passage to
5893-560: The station use the colors of the celebrated logo composed of chevrons, inspired by gears constructed in 1905. These decorations, however, were removed during the 2000s in light the renovation project "Renouveau du Métro". The halls used for connections in the station La Motte-Picquet – Grenelle are decorated with various coats of arms of the Toussaint-Guillaume Picquet de la Motte family (blue with three golden chevrons, accompanied by three silver arrowheads). A fresco represents
5976-735: The terminus Boulogne – Pont de Saint-Cloud (Rhin et Danube) , because of the proximity to the Seine , there are no tracks behind the station to allow the train to reverse directions. Instead, trains are received alternately on each side of the platform and leave directly in the opposite direction. Due to the narrowness of the rue du Château , under which line 10 passes, the stations Boulogne – Pont de Saint-Cloud (Rhin et Danube) and Boulogne – Jean Jaurès have only one central platform used for both directions. After this last station, tracks run for 1,600 metres (0.99 mi) to reconnect trains to Auteuil . Tracks 1 (towards Austerlitz ) must successively pass under
6059-417: The way to Troyes . This canal has been abandoned since 1957. The Seine's average depth in Paris today is approximately 9.5 meters (31 feet). Until locks were installed to raise the level in the 1800s, the river was much shallower within the city, and consisted of a small channel of continuous flow bordered by sandy banks (depicted in many illustrations of the period). Today the depth is tightly controlled and
6142-417: The worst-case Seine flood scenario would cost 10 billion euros and cut telephone service for a million Parisians, leaving 200,000 without electricity and 100,000 without gas. In January 2018 the Seine again flooded, reaching a flood level of 5.84 metres (19 ft 2 in) on 29 January. An official warning was issued on 24 January that heavy rainfall was likely to cause the river to flood. By 27 January,
6225-531: Was designated as line 10 in 1907. On the right bank, the line had to use the platforms of line 8, and as such a set of complex connections were created under the esplanade of Invalides with the creation of a large loop. However, in October 1912, the principle of an inner belt was abandoned and line 10 was left to connect Invalides to Bastille via the left bank. Work on the section between Invalides and Croix-Rouge began in 1913 and ended on 18 March 1920. However,
6308-422: Was first envisioned to extend the line to Bastille via Place Jussieu , to complement the creation of a circular line. However, the abandonment of the circular line project made this extension of little use and it would have required an underwater section very close to one already planned for line 7 toward Pont de Sully . Eventually, the city chose to end the line at Jussieu on the left bank, which would create
6391-557: Was met. An anticipated assault crossing of the river never materialized as German resistance in France crumbled by early September 1944. However, the First Canadian Army did encounter resistance immediately west of the Seine and fighting occurred in the Forêt de la Londe as Allied troops attempted to cut off the escape across the river of parts of the German 7th Army in the closing phases of
6474-497: Was more delicate because of its less solid alluvium , thus three additional caissons were required which were assembled on the Rond-point du Pont Mirabeau (roundabout) on the left bank. The presence of a railway line running from Invalides to Versailles (now line C of the RER ) made work particularly difficult. A final caisson was buried in an excavation made under the tracks, but the lack of height required scaffolding to be used and
6557-495: Was ongoing, the line was opened to the public on 13 July 1913 between Beaugrenelle and Opéra stations and was extended on 30 September 1913 to Porte d'Auteuil . In 1914, line 8 contained fifteen stations between Porte d'Auteuil and Opéra . The principle of a circular line, conceived at the start of the 1900s, led to the creation of a line called Ceinture intérieure des Invalids aux Invalides ("inner belt from Invalides to Invalides"). This 11.7-kilometre (7.3 mi) concept
6640-505: Was replaced by Balard . There is a ghost station named Croix-Rouge between Sèvres–Babylone and Mabillon . It was closed in 1939. Consequently, Line 10 has changed the most of any other métro line during its lifetime. Unlike those of other lines, the walls of Line 10's tunnels are painted white, creating a brightness that is not found on any other métro line. Line 10 measures 11.712 kilometres (7.277 mi) across 23 stations and one ghost station, Croix-Rouge , closed in 1939. The route
6723-624: Was sent up the River Seine to attack Paris again . In March 1314, King Philip IV of France had Jacques de Molay , last Grand Master of the Knights Templar , burned on a scaffold on an island in the River Seine in front of Notre Dame de Paris . After the burning of Joan of Arc in 1431, her ashes were thrown into the Seine from the medieval stone Mathilde Bridge at Rouen , though unsupported counter-claims persist. On 9 August 1803 Robert Fulton , American painter and marine engineer, made his first successful test of his steamboat in
6806-628: Was the cause. In 1991 (and 2024), UNESCO added the banks of the Seine in Paris—the Rive Gauche and Rive Droite —to its list of World Heritage Sites in Europe . During the 19th and the 20th centuries in particular the Seine inspired many artists, including: A song "La Seine" by Flavien Monod and Guy Lafarge was written in 1948. Josephine Baker also recorded a song called "La Seine" An additional song entitled "La Seine", by Vanessa Paradis featuring Matthieu Chedid , formed part of
6889-432: Was unusual in that it was circulated by Sprague model trains with two cars circulating alone as passenger traffic was very light. Until 1976, old Spragues circulated the line with four cars each (two motor cars with four motors). Line 13 transformed in the middle of the 1970s as a result of its junction with the old line 14, and a more modern and better performing train set, MF 67, was put in service. Beginning 28 April 1975,
#692307