80-460: Cringila ( / k r ɪ n dʒ ɪ l ə / ) is a southern suburb of the city of Wollongong , New South Wales , Australia. The suburb is bounded by Berkeley , Unanderra , Lake Heights and Warrawong . The suburb is planned on a north-south residential/commercial strip and the east west streets that adjoin it, making a rectangular pattern. Cringila Community Park is a 78 ha site purchased by Wollongong City Council after residents defeated
160-407: A State Conservation Area and local scenic protection zoning, and provides the visual backdrop to the city. In the north the escarpment meets the coastline, and north of this the coastal road Lawrence Hargrave Drive hugs the cliff line. The unstable geology of the escarpment resulted in rockfalls, forcing the closure of the road. Subsequently, part of Lawrence Hargrave Drive was replaced in 2005 by
240-493: A pharmacy and convenience store . Other businesses include a petrol station, kebab shops, and a florist . Cringila also has a local football (soccer) team which participates in the local Illawarra Premier League. They are supported strongly by the Macedonian community of Cringila and Wollongong. They play their local games at their home ground at John Crehan Park, Merrett Avenue, Cringila. In 2008 Cringila had finished 4th in
320-714: A distinctly multicultural population. Many migrants were attracted to the area by the job opportunities at the Port Kembla steelworks in the post-war period , and settled in surrounding suburbs such as Cringila , Warrawong and Coniston . By 1966 about 60% of the wage earners at the Australian Iron and Steel steelworks were born overseas coming from over 100 countries. These included British , Irish , Macedonians , Spaniards , Portuguese , Greeks , Italians , Arabs , Russians , Bosnians , Croatians , Serbians , Germans , Turks , Lebanese , Chileans and Brazilians . With
400-435: A median age of 38. Their country of birth was as follows: 40.8% of people spoke only English at home. Other languages spoken at home included Arabic 18.1% and Macedonian 16.2%. The most common responses for religion were Islam 29.1%, No Religion 20.1%, Eastern Orthodox 14.8%, Catholic 13.2% and Not stated 7.1%. Wollongong Wollongong ( / ˈ w ʊ l ə n ɡ ɒ ŋ / WUUL -ən-gong ; Dharawal : Woolyungah )
480-444: A new lookout and walkway upgrade. In June 2007, erosion was caused via storms to the beaches, the worst in 30 years. Despite the decline of traditional manufacturing and blue-collar industries due to the abandonment of protectionist economic policies in the 1980s, many of these industrial installations still exist. The city's economy is, however, on the rebound, thanks to diversification of economic activity including higher education,
560-473: A proposal by BHP to use the land as a dump for industrial waste . Its main purpose is to regenerate the local area's natural wildlife. Surrounding Cringila's primary school is a protected rain forest. A fraction of Cringila is the Port Kembla steelworks, which is a major local employer. This led to an influx of ethnic groups, primarily Macedonian , Portuguese , Turks and Lebanese . This in turn transformed
640-526: A significant haven for species that have been affected by environmental disturbances such as development and bushfire. There are currently 12 threatened animal species in the area. The escarpment also contains many historic sites such as mine entrances and passes. The escarpment contains the Illawarra Escarpment Subtropical Rainforest (S_RF01) ecological community, which has been declared an endangered ecological community, under
720-482: A stockman's hut in the area in 1815. The first land grants were made in 1816. In 1830, a military barracks was constructed near the harbour. Further settlers arrived and in 1834 a town was planned. On 26 November 1834, the town was first gazetted and George Brown erected the first court house. The main road down the Escarpment through Bulli Pass was built by convict labour in 1835–6, although other passes were built during
800-563: A tram. Illawarra Escarpment The Illawarra escarpment , or officially the Illawarra Range , is the fold-created cliffs and plateau -eroded outcrop mountain range west of the Illawarra coastal plain south of Sydney , in the state of New South Wales , Australia . The range encloses the Illawarra region which stretches from Stanwell Park in the north to Kiama , Gerringong and
880-523: A very small portion of Kiama being in the far southern suburbs of the city. The city of Wollongong has traditionally voted for the centre-left Labor Party over the centre-right Liberal Party . Labor holds both of the two federal seats mostly or entirely located in Wollongong, as well as all four of the state seats that are mostly or entirely located in Wollongong. However, the Liberal Party has held
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#1732869893455960-496: A wide variety of native flora and fauna and is a haven for many forms of wildlife. It is known for the Illawarra Flame Tree with its bright foliage, as well as rare surviving red cedar trees that haven't been logged. On Saddleback Mountain and at Minnamurra Rainforest and other places there are remnant localities of rainforest bushland, as well as, to the north, dry sclerophyll forests. The southern typical bush meets
1040-547: A world-class flat rolled steel producer, operating as a fully integrated steel plant with a production of around 5 million tonnes per year. Other industries to have set up in the massive Port Kembla industrial complex—the largest single concentration of heavy industry in Australia—include a fertiliser plant, an electrolytic copper smelter, a locomotive workshop, a coal export shipping terminal, a grain export shipping terminal and an industrial gases manufacturing plant. In 1936,
1120-625: Is a city located in the Illawarra region of New South Wales , Australia. The name is believed to originate from the Dharawal language , meaning either 'five islands/clouds', 'ground near water' or 'sound of the sea'. Wollongong lies on the narrow coastal strip between the Illawarra Escarpment and the Pacific Ocean, 85 kilometres (53 miles) south of central Sydney . Wollongong had an estimated urban population of 302,739 at June 2018, making it
1200-486: Is a problem, with many areas invaded by lantana and other invasive weeds. Maddens Plains (also written as Madden's Plains) was named after John Madden who arrived from Ireland in 1850 at the age of 11. The "address locality" of Maddens Plains is defined as a suburb of the City of Wollongong , "about 1 km N of Scarborough and about 7 km E of Southend [trig] Station". At the 2021 census , it had no population. There
1280-604: Is a regional centre for the South Coast fishing industry. The University of Wollongong has around 38,000 students. The area was originally inhabited by the Dharawal Indigenous Australians . The first Europeans to visit the area were the navigators George Bass and Matthew Flinders , who landed at Lake Illawarra in 1796. The first settlers in the region were cedar cutters in the early nineteenth century, followed by graziers in 1812. Charles Throsby established
1360-417: Is also available via satellite. Of the three main commercial networks: The region receives five ABC radio services – ABC Illawarra 97.3FM, Triple J 98.9, and Radio National 1431 AM, ABC Classic FM 95.7 and Newsradio 90.9FM. There are two commercial radio stations i98FM 98.1 and WAVE FM 96.5 – formerly 2WL, and two community radio stations Vox FM 106.9 and Christian broadcaster 94.1 FM. On
1440-512: Is continuing to grow with a population growth of 3.1% for the period 2001 to 2006, although the supply of new residential land is limited by the geography particularly in the northern suburbs. The west Dapto area is a major centre of future growth with plans for 19,000 new dwellings and 50,000 people within 40 years. New residential areas are also being developed further south around the Albion Park , Shell Cove and Kiama areas. Wollongong has
1520-412: Is just below the subtropical isotherm of 22 °C (72 °F). The highest recorded temperature is 44.1 °C on 1 January 2006, and the lowest 0.8 °C on 27 July 1986. Annually, Wollongong receives 107.4 clear days. Rainfall is spread through the months but has a bias to the first half of the year. It is often associated with orographic lift caused by the escarpment and its exposed location on
1600-487: Is noted for its heavy industry , its port activity and the quality of its physical setting, occupying a narrow coastal plain between an almost continuous chain of surf beaches and the cliffline of the rainforest-covered Illawarra escarpment. It has two cathedrals, churches of many denominations and the Nan Tien Temple . Wollongong has a long history of coal mining and industry. The city attracts many tourists each year and
1680-554: Is private property or owned by mining companies like BHP . Well known and popular lookouts such as at Mount Keira and Bald Hill are reserves or parks, the Mount Keira Summit Park is an annexe of the Wollongong Botanic Garden like Puckeys Estate Reserve on the plain. There are many walking tracks and lookouts with views of the surrounding countryside to the south, or suburbs to the north and coastal villages to
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#17328698934551760-527: Is sandstone, with many Hawkesbury sandstone boulders and ledges visible in addition to the actual cliffs. Its maximum heights are reached in the south, west of Albion Park at Knights Hill, 709 metres (2,326 ft), and Mount Murray, 768 metres (2,520 ft). This forms the eastern edge of the Southern Highlands plateau, uplifted along with the Blue Mountains around 70 million years ago. Many of
1840-571: Is the network's largest campus, and it offers a variety of courses. Wollongong has one university, the University of Wollongong , which was formerly part of the University of New South Wales . The university was awarded the "Australian University of the Year" in two consecutive years (1999–2000, 2000–2001) by the Good Universities Guide, and is internationally recognised. It has two main campuses:
1920-647: The Advertiser incorporating Lake Times and Kiama Independent . Wollongong and the Illawarra region are serviced by three commercial television networks – WIN Television , the Seven Network and Southern Cross 10 . The Australian Broadcasting Corporation (ABC) and the Special Broadcasting Service (SBS) also broadcast television services to Wollongong. In addition to these channels, ten new channels broadcasting in are also available in Wollongong and
2000-518: The Greenhouse Park . At the 2016 census , the suburb of Wollongong had a population of 18,442. The CBD is a major commercial hub containing many department stores and specialty shops, offices, and entertainment venues. It is centred on the Crown Street Mall and Wollongong Central , and approximates the area bounded by Market, Corrimal, and Burelli streets and the railway line . Surrounding
2080-662: The Illawarra Escarpment to the west. The coastal plain is widest in the south and narrowest in the north, with the city centre located about midway. South of the city centre but within the urban area is Lake Illawarra, a large lagoon. Although Wollongong sits on the immediate coast, it lies on the same longitude as Greater Western Sydney . The escarpment ranges between 150 and 750 m (490 and 2,460 ft) above sea level, with locally famous mountains such as Mount Keira (464 m (1,522 ft)), Mount Kembla (534 m (1,752 ft)), Broker's Nose (440 m (1,440 ft)) and Mount Murray (768 m (2,520 ft)) to
2160-589: The Mount Kembla mine when an explosion killed 94 men and boys, the youngest aged 14, the oldest 69. Two other men died attempting to rescue survivors. Survivors were treated at the "A. M. (Albert Memorial) Hospital", which opened in 1864 and closed when the Wollongong Hospital opened in 1907 on Garden Hill. In 1916 the Wollongong High School was opened. Heavy industry was attracted to the region by
2240-578: The Register of the National Estate . In 1886 the first town hall was erected. The Illawarra Railway to Wollongong was completed in 1887, and now continues as far south as the town of Bomaderry on the Shoalhaven River . The navigator George Bass first documented the Illawarra coal deposits in 1797. There have been many coalmines in the district. Australia's worst coal mining disaster occurred in 1902, at
2320-554: The Sea Cliff Bridge just off the coast, crossing the submerged rock shelf. The bridge carries both vehicular and pedestrian traffic. The Illawarra railway line must go through several tunnels to reach the Sydney metropolitan area. The Southern Freeway and Princes Highway provide alternative inland routes, descending the escarpment further south at Bulli Pass or at Mount Ousley , entering just north of Wollongong's city centre. To
2400-501: The Shoalhaven River in the south. Bells Hill, west of Knights Hill , is the highest point in the range at 803 metres (2,635 ft) AHD on the range's plateau; with a number of other peaks on the escarpment ranging from 300 metres (980 ft) to a maximum of 768 metres (2,520 ft) at Mount Murray southwest of Dapto . The escarpment or scarp was created between 225 and 280 million years ago and since eroded by creeks to its present height around 30 million years ago. Most of it
2480-474: The University of Wollongong and exits at its southern fringe. A second freeway, Memorial Drive (formerly the Northern Distributor), continues northward from the university to connect Wollongong's northern suburbs, Bulli Pass and the scenic Lawrence Hargrave Drive . If one continues up Bulli Pass one will either merge onto The M1 towards Sutherland and Sydney or B69 towards Campbelltown and
Cringila, New South Wales - Misplaced Pages Continue
2560-540: The fine arts , tourism, residential construction and eco-friendly electricity generation ; however, the city's economy still relies primarily on heavy industry, and will continue to in the near future. Various meanings are given for the Aboriginal word ' Wollongong' including 'seas of the South', ' great feast of fish' , 'hard ground near water', 'song of the sea' ' sound of the waves' 'many snakes' and ' five islands'. In 2024,
2640-508: The 17th of November 2021 the board game Monopoly launched a 'Wollongong' Edition. It showcases a number of Wollongong attractions including: Nan Tien Temple , Mount Keira , and the Sea Cliff Bridge . The main road connecting Wollongong is the M1 Princes Motorway (formerly the F6). The motorway, part of National Route 1, descends the escarpment via Mount Ousley Road to enter the city near
2720-474: The 19th century as well, such as O'Briens Road and Rixons Pass. By 1856 Wollongong had a population of 864. In 1858, a court house was built. In 1861, a horse-drawn tramway from Mount Keira to the harbour was completed. In 1862 a telegraph line was opened between Wollongong and Bellambi . In 1865 the first gas supply in Wollongong was provided from a gas plant in Corrimal Street. In 1868 the extensions to
2800-472: The CBD lies a mixture of parks, reserves, light commercial property, houses and multi-story residential units. Multi-story housing is evident particularly on Smith's Hill, north-east of the CBD, reflecting the popularity of combining inner-city living, coastal views and a beachside lifestyle. To the east of the city lies Flagstaff Point, a rocky headland with eroded low cliffs topped by a grassy hill. The northern side of
2880-609: The Greens having three and the remaining two seats being held by independents Andrew Anthony and Ryan Morris. The City of Shellharbour has an indirectly elected Mayor (currently independent Chris Homer ) and eight councillors: four generic independents, three Labor councillors and one councillor from the Kellie Marsh Independent Team . There are two campuses of the Illawarra Institute of TAFE . The Wollongong Campus
2960-668: The New South Wales TSC Act. Geographically it stretches from the white cliffs of the Royal National Park and its northern hilly ridge formations like Bulgo and Otford Hills and Stony Batter, Undola Ridge and Bald Hill, south past the Otford Valley to the west and around an eroded valley containing Stanwell Park, then it goes south, featuring cliffs and running close to the coastal headlands, approximately 300 metres (1,000 ft) above sea level at Scarborough to
3040-657: The Southern Highlands has since been replaced with a coach service. Wollongong railway station is the city's main train station, and serves Wollongong's CBD. Freight services connect Sydney markets with Port Kembla and the Manildra Group factory at Bomaderry . The Southern Highlands line is used primarily for freight, providing an important bypass for Sydney's congested rail network. Route services in Wollongong are provided by Premier Illawarra and Dion's Bus Service who also provide school/charter services together with some other companies. Wollongong railway station serves as
3120-480: The Tasman Sea, which makes it more prone to moist easterlies. A significant flood event occurred on 18 August 1998 when Wollongong recorded 316 mm of rainfall (the nearby suburb of Mt Ousley recorded in excess of 445 mm), mostly falling in a 3-hour period. Wollongong also experiences thunderstorms during the warmer months bringing lightning , heavy rain and occasionally hail . July and August are known as
3200-542: The Wollongong-based state seat of Heathcote multiple times (including for 12 consecutive years from the Coalition 's 2011 landslide victory until Labor's return to power in 2023 , note that redistribution made Heathcote a notional Labor seat as it moved south to included more of Wollongong and less of southern Sydney). However, even in 2011 (when Labor suffered the worst defeat of a sitting New South Wales government in
3280-769: The busiest commuter corridors in Australia. Two federal divisions in the House of Representatives are mostly or entirely located in Greater Wollongong: Cunningham and Whitlam , with a very small portion of Gilmore being in the far southern suburbs of the city. On the state level, there are four electoral districts of the Legislative Assembly that are mostly or entirely located in Wollongong: Heathcote , Keira , Shellharbour and Wollongong , with
Cringila, New South Wales - Misplaced Pages Continue
3360-472: The city an undulating character. The coastal strip is traversed by several short but flood-prone and fast-flowing streams and creeks such as Fairy Creek (Para Creek), Cabbage Tree Creek, Allans Creek, Nostaw Ravine, Jimbob Creek, Mullet Creek and Macquarie Rivulet . The coastline consists of many beaches characterised by fine pale gold-coloured sands; however, these beaches are sometimes interrupted by prominent and rocky headlands, such as Tego Rock, jutting into
3440-675: The city. The newer Wollongong Head Lighthouse was constructed in 1936 atop the Flagstaff Hill and is still used in the early 21st century. Belmore Basin houses the commercial fishing fleet and Fisherman's Co-op, while the main harbour shelters private vessels. The main beaches of central Wollongong are North Wollongong (or simply North [gong]) Beach, extending from the harbour up to the Fairy lagoon and Puckeys Estate Reserve , and Wollongong City Beach, extending south from Flagstaff Point and into Coniston Beach. The Wollongong metropolitan area includes
3520-413: The demographics of Cringila significantly and at the 2001 census more people lived in households where Macedonian was spoken (31.8%) than in households where only English was spoken (24.6%), making it the only suburb in Australia where this was true. However, at the 2021 census only 16.2% of the population lived in households where Macedonian was spoken and 40.8% lived in households where only English
3600-604: The end of the White Australia policy these were followed by Indo-Chinese refugees in the 1970s, Indians , Filipinos , Chinese , Japanese , Malaysians , Singaporeans , Koreans , Vietnamese , Cambodians , and Pacific Islanders in the 1980s and 1990s. The University of Wollongong continues to attract students and staff from all over the world, with around 5,000 overseas student enrolments and countless overseas professors working there. Around 20,000 people commute daily to jobs in Sydney by road and rail , making it one of
3680-567: The escarpment: Saddleback Mountain Road only reaches the summit after a short, steep, turnoff, but was once part of Hoddles Track, which is now only in existence in a small ridge track from the summit but used to extend west to the Southern Highlands. Numerous areas are protected as part of the Illawarra Escarpment State Conservation Area or as state forests such as Kembla State Forest southwest of Wollongong. However, much
3760-534: The far north, and bushland and suburbs to the north. There are several well-known lookouts, such as Bald Hill , Bulli Pass , Sublime Point and Mount Keira, as well as lesser known tracks with views such as Hoddles Track west of Saddleback Mountain. Some tracks have gone into disrepair such as the Wodi Wodi track at Stanwell Park , but some such as the Mount Keira Ring Track have been upgraded. Weed infestation
3840-443: The greater Illawarra region. These channels include ABC HD , ABC Kids , ABC TV Plus , ABC Me , ABC News , 7HD , 7two , 7mate , 7flix , 7Bravo , 9HD , 9Go! , 9Gem , 9Life , 10 HD , 10 Bold , 10 Peach . Nickelodeon , SBS HD , SBS Viceland , SBS World Movies , SBS Food , NITV and SBS WorldWatch . In some areas it is also possible to pick up Sydney channels. Subscription Television service Foxtel (formerly Austar )
3920-418: The harbour were opened by Lady Belmore and named Belmore Basin. Patrick Lahiff established a coke works at Wollongong Harbour in the 1870s. He erected two beehive coke ovens between the north eastern end of the basin and Pulpit Rock. The ovens were demolished in 1892. The remains of the coke ovens were uncovered and recovered and are now preserved beneath the hill, with a plaque explaining their history. In 1871
4000-677: The local Illawarra Premier League and also won the Corrimal League cup which also led to greater success in winning the Bert Bampton Cup. Cringila Lions have a strong rivalry with Wollongong United also backed heavily by the Macedonian community. Cringila railway station in on the Port Kembla Branch of the South Coast railway line . At the 2021 census , Cringila had a total population of 2,156 with 1,148 (53.2%) born in Australia and
4080-474: The local level, there are two Wollongong-based local government areas (LGAs): the City of Wollongong and the City of Shellharbour , with a very small portion of the Municipality of Kiama being located in the far southern suburbs of the city. The City of Wollongong is represented by a directly elected Lord Mayor (currently Tania Brown) and 12 councillors (four each per ward): with Labor having eight seats,
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#17328698934554160-536: The network's hub. A Bus Interchange is also located near Wollongong University. Services connect Wollongong suburbs to Shellharbour City Centre , Port Kembla , Campbelltown in Western Sydney and the Royal National Park as well as the Southern Highlands . There is also a Free Shuttle Bus service that connects the CBD, university and the suburbs of North Wollongong, Fairy Meadow and Gwynneville which acts as
4240-641: The new Wollongong Lighthouse was finished on Flagstaff Point. In 1942 Wollongong was proclaimed a City. In 1947 City of Greater Wollongong was formed. In 1954 the population of Wollongong was 90,852. In 1956 new Wollongong City Council Chambers were opened. In 1961 the Wollongong University College was established. In 1963, the Wollongong Teachers College was established. In 1965 the Westfield shopping centre at Figtree opened. In 1985,
4320-704: The north the range is mostly a coastal ridge east of Otford , becoming a cliff at Mount Mitchell, and continuing to include an eroded cliff at its top until Bulli Pass where it becomes rounded, forming Woonona Mountain, until Brokers Nose where the cliff reappears, before appearing again on the edge of Mount Keira and Warra, disappearing until west of Dapto where it forms the famous southern escarpment and curves in for Macquarie Pass National Park and Mount Murray at 768 metres (2,520 ft) before turning into Knights Hill at 709 metres (2,326 ft) and then forming Noorinan promontory, its summit at 663 metres (2,175 ft), and Saddleback Mountains. There are several passes over
4400-462: The northern at Mount Kembla , creating a unique effect. Many native species thrive here such as wallabies , brushtail possums and gliding possums , frogs , goannas , brush turkeys , flying foxes , snakes , bower birds , glossy black cockatoos and other colourful parrots , owls and native birds of prey . The area also has many introduced species including fallow deer , red deer , rabbits , feral cats and red foxes . It also acts as
4480-492: The old council building at the present art gallery site. The Crown Gateway Shopping Centre was completed. Wollongong Mall was opened. In 1988, the current council administration building was completed, as well as the Illawarra Performing Arts Centre ( IPAC ), across the road on Burelli Street. IPAC was officially opened by Prince Charles and Princess Diana in 1988. A sculpture recognizing Lawrence Hargrave
4560-458: The old lighthouse was completed. Nevertheless, in 1881 a British clipper , Queen of Nations , ran ashore off the mouth of Towradgi Creek. Her cargo included 24,000 bottles of Hennessy Cognac . Local police and NSW Customs recovered at least 5,000 bottles, but others were looted by members of the public. The surviving part of the Queen of Nations wreck is only about 70 metres (230 ft) from
4640-677: The plateau to the west and 709 metres (2,326 ft) at Knights Hill, just over 663 metres (2,175 ft) at Noorinan Mountain and about 600 metres (2,000 ft) at Saddleback Mountain. It is mostly of hard sandstone, with outcrops like Mount Keira and Mount Kembla rising above 450 metres (1,480 ft). There are many tracks to the top of such summits including the southern tip of the escarpment, Saddleback Mountain and Noorinan Mountain promontory. The flora ranges from northern and southern eucalypts and at Mount Kembla fuses, providing an interesting phenomena. The range has much history, including Hoddles Track which used to go to Bowral from Kiama. To
4720-439: The point was excavated by convict labour to form Belmore Basin. This was later extended with the northern breakwater to create Wollongong Harbour. The area is the site of a historic colonial fort , several restored cannons and two lighthouses, a feature peculiar to the east coast of Australia. The older Wollongong Breakwater Lighthouse located at the harbour entrance was made of wrought iron plates in 1871 and has become an icon of
4800-473: The population of Wollongong reached 181,612 people. In 2004 the Wollongong City Gallery celebrated its 25th anniversary. In 2005 Qantas established a daily air service from Wollongong to Melbourne that lasted till 2008. In 2006/2007, the library was renovated, including new facilities, as part of the tenth anniversary of the library's current site. Also at this time the beachfront was renovated with
4880-594: The primary campus on Northfields Avenue, and the Innovation Campus on Squires Way. The university's Sydney Business School also has a secondary campus in Sydney . Wollongong has a number of primary and high schools, including public, denominational and independent. Wollongong has one daily newspaper, The Illawarra Mercury , published and issued Monday to Saturday by Australian Community Media (ACM). Additionally, ACM publishes several free community newspapers, including
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#17328698934554960-475: The promontory at Knights Hill at 709 metres (2,326 ft), south including Jamberoo Mountain and east to Noorinan Mountain promontory at Barren Grounds Plateau, then along a ridge to its southern tip, Saddleback Mountain. The Cambewarra Range is considered a separate, yet related, geological formation that continues around the Noorinan promontory and continues around Kangaroo Valley . It ranges in height from
5040-481: The railway line was electrified to Wollongong, and in 1993 to Dapto. In 1986 the Wollongong Mall was completed. For a short while, trams (trackless trains) were used in the mall, though this ceased due to dangers involved. The mall was re-opened to traffic after the initial test but re-zoned a pedestrian area after and has remained one since. In 1987 the council chambers and library building were completed, replacing
5120-401: The ready availability of coal. In 1928, Hoskins, later Australian Iron & Steel, started a steelworks at Port Kembla, a few kilometres south of Wollongong. The former Broken Hill Proprietary Company (now BHP after merging with Billiton plc) acquired AI&S in 1935, but has since spun-out their steel division as a separate company, now known as BlueScope . The steelworks has grown to become
5200-435: The rest of Western Sydney . The Illawarra Highway connects Wollongong's southern suburbs to the Southern Highlands via Macquarie Pass . Wollongong is served by the Illawarra railway line . Passenger rail services on this line connect the centres of Nowra and Kiama to the south and Sydney to the north. A branch line connects suburbs between the CBD and Port Kembla . A passenger rail service connecting Wollongong to
5280-481: The sea. In places these headlands have been excavated or extended to create artificial harbours at Wollongong, Port Kembla , Shellharbour and Kiama . Just off the coast south of Wollongong centre, near Port Kembla, lies a group of five islands known collectively as The Five Islands . The islands are a wildlife refuge. Wollongong has an oceanic climate ( Köppen : Cfb ), bordering on humid subtropical ( Cfa ) as its warmest month mean of 21.9 °C (71.4 °F)
5360-528: The shore, in water only 3 to 5 metres (10 to 16 ft) deep. From time to time, a violent storm uncovers part of the wreck. After one such storm in 1991, looting resumed, including of the Cognac. The Commonwealth Government quickly issued an order protecting the wreck under the then Historic Shipwrecks Act 1976 . Since 2018 the Underwater Cultural Heritage Act 2018 has automatically protected
5440-510: The south the plain reaches its maximum extent around Albion Park where it incorporates a large coastal saltwater lagoon called Lake Illawarra , separated from the Pacific Ocean by a long sandy spit. The coastal strip consists of highly fertile alluvium , which made Wollongong so attractive to agriculturists in the nineteenth century. It contains many hills including the foothills of the escarpment's lower slopes, and while these generally do not exceed one hundred metres in height they give much of
5520-404: The south. It contains strata of coal measures, and the adit entrances to many coal mines have been established along the slopes of the escarpment throughout Wollongong. Suburbia encroaches on the escarpment's lower slopes in some areas, but the majority remains in a relatively natural state forested with dry sclerophyll and pockets of temperate rainforest . The escarpment is largely protected by
5600-559: The state's history and the Coalition won the largest majority government in the state's history), Labor still won every Wollongong-based seat except Heathcote, making the Illawarra the only region in the state where Labor won more seats than the Coalition. The last time the Liberals won a Wollongong-based state seat other than Heathcote was in 1968 , when the Coalition won the seat of Wollongong for one term before Labor regained it in 1971 . On
5680-510: The suburbs, outlying towns and rural localities stretching from Helensburgh in the north to Kiama in the south. According to the 2021 census , it had a population of 305,691 people. It is the third largest city in New South Wales and the tenth largest in Australia. Using 2006 ABS geography, around 89% of the statistical district's population reside in the built-up urban centre extending from Clifton to Shell Cove . Wollongong
5760-441: The third-largest city in New South Wales after Sydney and Newcastle and the tenth-largest city in Australia by population . The city's current Lord Mayor is Tania Brown who was elected in 2024. The Wollongong area extends from Helensburgh in the north to Windang and Yallah in the south. Geologically, the city is located in the south-eastern part of the Sydney basin , which extends from Newcastle to Nowra . Wollongong
5840-567: The tops of Bald Hill and Stony Batter around 300 metres (980 ft) above sea level, to 440 metres (1,440 ft) at Brokers Nose, generally above 350 metres (1,150 ft) high south of Mount Ousley Road (between Keira and Brokers Nose) it reaches 464 metres (1,522 ft) at Mount Keira, 464 metres (1,522 ft) at Mount Warra, 469 metres (1,539 ft) at Mount Brisbane, 531 metres (1,742 ft) at Mount Burelli, 512 metres (1,680 ft) at Kembla West, 534 metres (1,752 ft) at Mount Kembla, 564 metres (1,850 ft) at Wanyambilli Hill on
5920-436: The towns on the coastal plain adjacent to the escarpment were first founded to harvest the cedar trees on the slopes of the escarpment or the coal seams beneath it. With the original logging industry of the area came the need for passes over the escarpment, creating such ones as Rixons Pass , Bulli Pass , O'Briens Road and Macquarie Pass . The city of Wollongong is the central city in the Illawarra. The escarpment contains
6000-464: The turn at Sublime Point at 415 metres (1,362 ft) near Thirroul , south to Brokers Nose at 440 metres (1,440 ft) promontory, south to Mount Keira , which juts out from the main cliffs, south to a similar eroded sandstone outcrop, Mount Kembla at 534 metres (1,752 ft), then southwest along the Dapto scarp cliffs including Mount Bong Bong to the turn inland at Macquarie Pass, then back east to
6080-601: The windy months, with westerly gales that can gust at over 100 km/h. These are generally dry foehn winds from the Great Dividing Range , which are common at this time of the year in southeast Australia on the leeward side of the Ranges. The inner city area includes the suburbs of Wollongong and North Wollongong , extending from Fairy Meadow in the north, west to include the Wollongong Hospital , and south to
6160-459: The wreck and its contents, as they are more than 75 years old. In 1880 steam locomotives were introduced to haul coal from Mount Keira mine to the harbour. Gas street lighting was introduced in 1883. In 1885 a new court house was erected in Market Street. Like many Australian court houses, it was designed in a Classical Revival style considered appropriate for public buildings. It is now listed on
6240-515: The wreck of a coal ship was discovered by accident, off the coast of Wollongong. The ship the SS Nemesis was sailing from Wollongong to Melbourne and it sank nearly 120 years ago. Wollongong has a number of heritage-listed sites, including: The city of Wollongong has a distinct geography. It lies on a narrow coastal plain flanked by the Tasman Sea to the east and a steep sandstone precipice known as
6320-602: Was placed via helicopter on the eastern foothills of Mount Keira . In 1998 the 6000 seat Wollongong Entertainment Centre was opened. In 1999, the Gateway and Crown Central mall buildings were unified as Wollongong Central and a pedestrian walkway/café was built connecting the buildings in an above ground bridge. In 2000, as part of the Sydney Olympics, the Olympic torch was carried through Wollongong as part of its journey. In 2001,
6400-458: Was spoken. The word Cringila is an Aboriginal name - the town was formerly called Steeltown. In 1928 the first blast furnace opened up at the Port Kembla steelworks. In 1935, the first public school opened, it was known as Steel Town School. In 1957, Cringila Primary School opened. The main operating shops include Abdul's Butcher, the Cringila Hotel , a few burek shops, a newsagency ,
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